towards greater international dialogue on trade and ... · rm events. – critical backup power...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Towards Greater International Dialogue on Trade and ... · rm events. – Critical backup power after repeated severe storm events. – Modular to provide incrementally affordable](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011813/5e442832cd2e8b3fcd77a6df/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Inte
rna
tio
na
l D
ialo
gu
e o
n T
rad
e
Inte
rna
tio
na
l D
ialo
gu
e o
n T
rad
e
an
d C
lim
ate
Ch
an
ge
:a
nd
Cli
ma
te C
ha
ng
e:
Ke
y I
ssu
es
for
LDC
s, S
VE
s a
nd
SID
S f
rom
a C
om
pe
titi
ve
ne
ss,
Ke
y I
ssu
es
for
LDC
s, S
VE
s a
nd
SID
S f
rom
a C
om
pe
titi
ve
ne
ss,
Ad
ap
tati
on
an
d R
esi
lie
nce
Pe
rsp
ect
ive
.A
da
pta
tio
n a
nd
Re
sili
en
ce P
ers
pe
ctiv
e.
Ge
ne
va,
Sw
itze
rla
nd
G
en
eva
, S
wit
zerl
an
d
No
ve
mb
er
20
N
ov
em
be
r 2
0 ––
21
, 2
00
82
1,
20
08
“Re
ne
wa
ble
En
erg
y a
nd
En
erg
y E
ffic
ien
cy –
A S
tra
teg
y T
ow
ard
s G
rea
ter
Ad
ap
tati
on
an
d R
esi
lie
nce
“
Da
vid
Ba
rre
tt
En
erg
y a
nd
En
vir
on
me
nt
Sp
eci
ali
st
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Pre
sen
tati
on
Ou
tlin
eP
rese
nta
tio
n O
utl
ine
1.
Pro
ject
ed
Cli
ma
te C
ha
ng
e I
mp
act
s.
2.
Act
ion
Fo
cus.
3.
Re
ne
wa
ble
En
erg
y S
tati
stic
s.
4.
En
erg
y C
ost
s a
nd
Co
mp
eti
tiv
en
ess
.
5.
En
erg
y S
ecu
rity
.
6.
He
at
an
d P
ow
er
Ind
ust
rie
s.
7.
Co
mm
erc
ial
Ap
pli
cati
on
s.
8.
Tra
nsp
ort
ati
on
.
9.
Po
licy
an
d F
ina
nci
ng
.
10
.S
um
ma
ry.
No
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Pro
ject
ed
Cli
ma
te C
ha
ng
e I
mp
act
s P
roje
cte
d C
lim
ate
Ch
an
ge
Im
pa
cts
•M
ore
in
ten
se t
rop
ica
l st
orm
s in
ten
se t
rop
ica
l st
orm
s fo
rmin
g f
urt
he
r so
uth
.
••In
ten
se a
nd
lo
nge
r d
rou
gh
tsIn
ten
se a
nd
lo
nge
r d
rou
gh
ts;
de
cre
ase
d p
reci
pit
ati
on
in t
rop
ics
an
d
sub
tro
pic
s.
•M
ore
fre
qu
en
t h
ea
vy
pre
cip
ita
tio
n e
ven
ts o
ver
lan
d
he
av
y p
reci
pit
ati
on
eve
nts
ove
r la
nd
are
as.
•M
ore
fre
qu
en
t h
ea
vy
pre
cip
ita
tio
n e
ven
ts o
ver
lan
d
he
av
y p
reci
pit
ati
on
eve
nts
ove
r la
nd
are
as.
•S
ho
rte
r re
turn
pe
rio
d f
or
ext
rem
e e
ven
ts
ext
rem
e e
ven
ts (
dro
ug
hts
an
d f
loo
ds)
.
••H
igh
er
air
te
mp
era
ture
s H
igh
er
air
te
mp
era
ture
s a
nd
dri
er
sum
me
r d
rie
r su
mm
er
pe
rio
ds;
re
du
ctio
n o
f
pe
rce
nta
ge o
f d
ay
s w
ith
co
ld t
em
pe
ratu
res.
•O
vera
ll d
ecr
ea
se i
n d
iurn
al
tem
pe
ratu
re r
an
ge
de
cre
ase
in
diu
rna
l te
mp
era
ture
ra
nge
(m
ore
wa
rm d
ay
s; f
ew
er
cold
nig
hts
).
•S
ea
wa
ter
tem
pe
ratu
re a
nd
le
vels
in
cre
asi
ng
.
Se
pt2
00
8B
arr
ett
3
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Act
ion
Fo
cus
Act
ion
Fo
cus
•W
ha
t te
chn
olo
gie
ste
chn
olo
gie
sca
n b
e a
da
pte
d/a
do
pte
d a
nd
im
ple
me
nte
d b
y L
CD
s, S
VE
’s a
nd
SID
S in
th
e s
ho
rt-t
erm
(<
5 y
rs)
to n
ea
r te
rm (
<1
0 y
rs)?
•W
ha
t o
pti
on
s a
re p
rov
en
op
tio
ns
are
pro
ve
na
nd
ca
n b
e s
ust
ain
ed
on
th
eir
o
wn
pe
rfo
rma
nce
me
rit?
ow
n p
erf
orm
an
ce m
eri
t?
•W
ha
t o
pp
ort
un
itie
so
pp
ort
un
itie
se
xist
fo
r im
pro
ve
me
nt
in t
rad
e
an
d/o
r co
mp
eti
tiv
en
ess
(lo
cal
reg
ion
al
an
d g
lob
al)
?
•W
ha
t a
re t
he
in
he
ren
t e
nv
iro
nm
en
tal
be
ne
fits
e
nv
iro
nm
en
tal
be
ne
fits
e
ma
na
tin
g f
rom
cli
ma
te c
ha
ng
ee
ma
na
tin
g f
rom
cli
ma
te c
ha
ng
e?
.?
.
No
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Re
ne
wa
ble
En
erg
y (
RE
N)
Sta
tist
ics
Re
ne
wa
ble
En
erg
y (
RE
N)
Sta
tist
ics
•R
EN
-fa
ste
st g
row
ing
en
erg
y t
ech
no
log
ies
in p
urs
ua
nce
of
a c
lea
n e
ne
rgy
tre
nd
.
•W
orl
dw
ide
RE
N g
en
era
tio
n c
ap
aci
ty –
1,0
10
gig
aw
att
s (2
00
7).
•R
EN
co
ntr
ibu
tes
18
% o
f ge
ne
rati
on
ca
pa
city
wo
rld
wid
e (
20
07
).•
RE
N c
on
trib
ute
s 1
8 %
of
gen
era
tio
n c
ap
aci
ty w
orl
dw
ide
(2
00
7).
•D
eve
lop
ing
co
un
trie
s h
ave
> 4
0 %
of
RE
N p
ow
er
gen
era
tio
n c
ap
aci
ty,
70
% S
WH
ca
pa
city
an
d 4
5 %
bio
fue
ls p
rod
uct
ion
.
•E
stim
ate
d t
ota
l m
ark
et
cap
ita
liza
tio
n f
or
pu
bli
cly
tra
de
d R
EN
co
mp
an
ies
–U
SD
10
0 b
illi
on
(m
idU
SD
10
0 b
illi
on
(m
id--2
00
72
00
7).
Ove
rall
in
vest
me
nts
in
clu
din
g m
ark
eti
ng
,
R&
D a
nd
ve
ntu
re c
ap
ita
list
s –
US
D 1
48
(2
00
7).
••R
EN
PR
OP
AG
AT
ION
IS
HE
AV
ILY
DE
PE
ND
EN
T O
N P
OLI
CY
SU
PP
OR
T.
RE
N P
RO
PA
GA
TIO
N I
S H
EA
VIL
Y D
EP
EN
DE
NT
ON
PO
LIC
Y S
UP
PO
RT.
N
ov2
00
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Glo
ba
l S
ha
re o
f E
ne
rgy
Co
nsu
mp
tio
nG
lob
al
Sh
are
of
En
erg
y C
on
sum
pti
on
Bio
fue
ls,
0.3
%P
ow
er
Ge
n,
0.8
%
Ho
t
Wa
ter/
He
ati
ng
,
1.3
% Larg
e H
ydro
,
3.0
%
Tra
d.
Bio
ma
ss,
13
.0%
No
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FOS
SIL
FU
EL,
79
%
NU
CLE
AR
, 3%
RE
NE
WA
BLE
S,
18
%
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En
erg
y C
ost
an
d C
om
pe
titi
ve
ne
ss.
En
erg
y C
ost
an
d C
om
pe
titi
ve
ne
ss.
••Im
pa
cts
of
en
erg
y c
ost
mu
st n
ot
be
un
de
rest
ima
ted
.Im
pa
cts
of
en
erg
y c
ost
mu
st n
ot
be
un
de
rest
ima
ted
.
••C
rud
e o
il $
$C
rud
e o
il $
$A
LLA
LLco
nsu
me
r g
oo
ds/
serv
ice
s $
$co
nsu
me
r g
oo
ds/
serv
ice
s $
$••
Cru
de
oil
$$
Cru
de
oil
$$
ALL
ALL
con
sum
er
go
od
s/se
rvic
es
$$
con
sum
er
go
od
s/se
rvic
es
$$
•W
ith
ou
t su
ffic
ien
t fi
na
nci
al
rese
rve
s g
lob
al
com
pe
titi
ve
ne
ss o
f LD
Cs,
SV
Es
an
d S
IDs
•S
ma
ll e
con
om
ies
are
vu
lne
rab
le a
nd
SD
go
als
ha
ve
be
en
se
ve
rely
ch
all
en
ge
d e
spe
cia
lly
du
rin
g t
he
re
cen
t sp
ike
of
cru
de
pri
ces.
No
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00
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En
erg
y S
ecu
rity
.E
ne
rgy
Se
curi
ty.
•Fo
ssil
fu
el
imp
ort
s a
cco
un
ts f
or
as
mu
ch a
s 9
5%
of
tota
l p
rim
ary
9
5%
of
tota
l p
rim
ary
en
erg
ye
ne
rgy
for
som
e S
VE
s a
nd
SID
s.
•F/
X e
arn
ed
fro
m e
xpo
rts
is h
ae
mo
rrh
ag
ed
in
to f
ue
l co
sts
an
d d
eb
t
rep
ay
me
nts
.
•In
th
e g
lob
al
ma
rke
t p
lace
, LD
Cs,
SV
Es,
an
d S
IDs
are
no
t a
ble
to
com
pe
te w
ith
de
ve
lop
ed
an
d i
nd
ust
ria
lize
d n
ati
on
s o
n c
om
mo
dit
y
pri
ces,
wit
h h
igh
en
erg
y c
ost
s fo
r p
rod
uct
ion
hig
h e
ne
rgy
co
sts
for
pro
du
ctio
n, ,
low
low
vo
lum
es,
an
d
pe
rce
ive
d e
xpo
rt b
arr
iers
.
••G
rea
ter
en
erg
y s
ecu
rity
usi
ng
RE
N i
s o
ne
wa
y t
o i
mp
rov
e
Gre
ate
r e
ne
rgy
se
curi
ty u
sin
g R
EN
is
on
e w
ay
to
im
pro
ve
com
pe
titi
ve
ne
ssco
mp
eti
tiv
en
ess
..
No
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En
erg
y S
ecu
rity
En
erg
y S
ecu
rity
•R
EN
op
tio
ns
are
a c
riti
cal
he
dge
aga
inst
tim
es
of
en
erg
y s
carc
ity.
•E
nd
ow
me
nts
are
va
rie
d a
nd
lim
ite
d.
Mo
st S
IDs,
SV
Es
an
d s
om
e L
DC
s
ma
y n
ot
ha
rne
ss >
25
–3
0%
fo
r th
e n
ati
on
al
en
erg
y m
ix.
•S
om
e R
EN
de
ma
nd
s co
mp
ete
wit
h s
oci
al
an
d e
nv
iro
nm
en
tal
de
ma
nd
s.
•S
om
e R
EN
de
ma
nd
s co
mp
ete
wit
h s
oci
al
an
d e
nv
iro
nm
en
tal
de
ma
nd
s.
E.g
. ‘A
VA
ILA
BLE
HY
DR
O R
ES
OU
RC
E’
ap
pro
xim
ate
s to
=>
{Te
chn
ica
l
Po
ten
tia
l –(e
nv
iro
nm
en
tal
+ s
an
ita
tio
n +
soci
al
or
recr
ea
tio
n d
em
an
d)
}.
•M
ust
co
nsi
de
r R
EN
AN
D E
E&
C A
PP
LIC
AT
ION
S A
S S
YN
ER
GIS
TIC
R
EN
AN
D E
E&
C A
PP
LIC
AT
ION
S A
S S
YN
ER
GIS
TIC
fo
r cl
ea
n
an
d s
ust
ain
ab
le o
utc
om
es.
••S
ELE
CT
ULT
IMA
TE
LY T
HE
RE
SO
UR
CE
S W
HIC
H W
ILL
EN
DU
RE
CLI
MA
TE
S
ELE
CT
ULT
IMA
TE
LY T
HE
RE
SO
UR
CE
S W
HIC
H W
ILL
EN
DU
RE
CLI
MA
TE
CH
AN
GE
EF
FE
CT
S.
CH
AN
GE
EF
FE
CT
S.
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IMP
RO
VIN
G
IMP
RO
VIN
G
CO
MP
ET
ITIV
EN
ES
S
CO
MP
ET
ITIV
EN
ES
S --
CO
MP
ET
ITIV
EN
ES
S
CO
MP
ET
ITIV
EN
ES
S --
HE
AT
& P
OW
ER
IN
DU
ST
RIE
SH
EA
T &
PO
WE
R I
ND
US
TR
IES
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He
at
& P
ow
er
Ind
ust
rie
sH
ea
t &
Po
we
r In
du
stri
es
•C
on
sum
ers
of
sig
nif
ica
nt
po
we
r a
nd
he
at
sho
uld
11stst
ap
ply
en
erg
y e
ffic
ien
cy
ap
ply
en
erg
y e
ffic
ien
cy
an
d c
on
serv
ati
on
me
tho
ds
an
d c
on
serv
ati
on
me
tho
ds
(EE
&C
) to
re
du
ce e
mis
sio
ns
an
d p
ow
er
con
sum
pti
on
(im
me
dia
te t
o n
ea
r-te
rm g
ain
s).
•E
.g.
Ce
me
nt
Ma
nu
fact
uri
ng
an
d S
uga
r C
an
e I
nd
ust
ry.
–To
tal e
ne
rgy
co
st a
pp
rox.
55
% o
f th
e t
ota
l pro
du
ctio
n c
ost
s.–
Tota
l en
erg
y c
ost
ap
pro
x. 5
5%
of
the
to
tal p
rod
uct
ion
co
sts.
–P
ote
nti
al e
ne
rgy
savi
ng
10
–5
0 %
wit
h E
E&
C.
•C
HP/
Co
ge
ne
rati
on
(o
vera
ll e
ffic
ien
cy im
pro
vem
en
ts >
60
%).
•V
ari
ab
le s
pe
ed
dri
ves
(VSD
) co
up
led
to
ind
uct
ion
mo
tors
an
d w
ate
r p
um
ps
(up
to
85
% r
ed
uct
ion
in
en
erg
y co
nsu
mp
tio
n).
•In
sula
tio
n,
corr
ect
ive
an
d p
reve
nta
tive
ma
inte
na
nce
(1
5 –
20
%).
•Ef
fici
en
t b
oile
rs a
nd
ele
ctri
c m
oto
rs (
inst
ea
d o
f m
ech
an
ica
l m
oto
rs).
••M
ult
iple
inco
me
str
ea
ms
cre
ate
s re
sili
en
ce/v
ers
ati
lity
M
ult
iple
inco
me
str
ea
ms
cre
ate
s re
sili
en
ce/v
ers
ati
lity
in c
ha
ng
ing
ma
rke
ts
–b
ioe
tha
no
l, s
uga
r, m
ola
sse
s, p
ow
er,
ba
gass
e b
oa
rd e
tc.
No
v2
00
8IC
TSD
-Ba
rre
tt1
1
![Page 12: Towards Greater International Dialogue on Trade and ... · rm events. – Critical backup power after repeated severe storm events. – Modular to provide incrementally affordable](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011813/5e442832cd2e8b3fcd77a6df/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
He
at
& P
ow
er
Ind
ust
rie
sH
ea
t &
Po
we
r In
du
stri
es
•E
E&
C w
ill h
ave
a
dir
ect
be
ari
ng
on
G
HG
em
issi
on
re
du
ctio
ns.
No
v2
00
8IC
TSD
-Ba
rre
tt1
2
Jam
aic
a’s
Gre
en
Ho
use
Ga
s E
mis
sio
ns,
20
00
-2
00
5,
Cla
ud
e D
avi
s &
Ass
oci
ate
s. S
eco
nd
Na
tio
na
l C
om
mu
nic
ati
on
s –
UN
FC
CC
.
•E
mis
sio
ns
= l
ost
in
pu
ts =
re
du
ced
pro
fit
ma
rgin
s.
•E
.g.
Ce
me
nt
an
d
lim
ep
rod
uct
ion
.
![Page 13: Towards Greater International Dialogue on Trade and ... · rm events. – Critical backup power after repeated severe storm events. – Modular to provide incrementally affordable](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011813/5e442832cd2e8b3fcd77a6df/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
He
at
& P
ow
er
Ind
ust
rie
sH
ea
t &
Po
we
r In
du
stri
es
•R
EN
re
sou
rce
s a
re n
ot
as
en
erg
y d
en
se a
s fo
ssil
fu
els
(FF
) a
nd
ma
y n
ot
be
as
ap
pro
pri
ate
as
fue
l fo
r th
e m
ost
en
erg
y
inte
nse
in
du
stri
es
(e.g
. b
au
xite
an
d c
em
en
t).
•W
he
re p
ract
ica
l, R
EN
(e
.g.
FUE
LWO
OD
PLA
NTA
TIO
NS
FUE
LWO
OD
PLA
NTA
TIO
NS
) a
nd
E
E&
C s
ho
uld
be
ap
pli
ed
(e
.g.
suga
r ca
ne
in
du
stry
):E
E&
C s
ho
uld
be
ap
pli
ed
(e
.g.
suga
r ca
ne
in
du
stry
):–
Re
du
ceC
OC
O22
em
issi
on
s e
mis
sio
ns
pro
du
ced
by
C-r
ich
FFs
.
–P
ote
nti
al C
OC
O22
red
uct
ion
re
du
ctio
n (
80
+%
Ca
rbo
n-c
losu
re–
fro
m b
iom
ass
an
d
gre
en
ha
rve
stin
g).
–In
cre
ase
em
plo
yme
nt
em
plo
yme
nt
(so
cia
l a
nd
eco
no
mic
ga
ins)
.
–Im
pro
ve e
ne
rgy
secu
rity
e
ne
rgy
secu
rity
in t
he
me
diu
m t
erm
(<
5 y
ea
rs)
thro
ug
h
imp
ort
su
bst
itu
tio
n a
nd
div
ers
ific
ati
on
.
–C
lose
ga
ps
be
twe
en
cu
rre
nt
an
d f
utu
re e
ne
rgy
de
ma
nd
s.
–D
ua
l fu
els
to
re
du
ce $
/kW
h a
nd
imp
rove
fin
an
cia
l bo
tto
m li
ne
.
–R
ed
uce
FX
flig
ht.
–S
pe
cie
s to
lera
nt
to d
rou
gh
t a
nd
so
me
sa
lin
ity
.
No
v2
00
8IC
TSD
-Ba
rre
tt1
3
![Page 14: Towards Greater International Dialogue on Trade and ... · rm events. – Critical backup power after repeated severe storm events. – Modular to provide incrementally affordable](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011813/5e442832cd2e8b3fcd77a6df/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
He
at
an
d P
ow
er
-S
uga
r In
du
stry
:
•F
ue
lwo
od
+ b
aga
sse
(In
tern
al
+ E
xpo
rt p
ow
er
= 1
5 M
W).
•P
lan
tati
on
> 8
,00
0 H
a;
17
0,0
00
t/y
ea
r; 5
0 M
Tre
es
[5 y
rs]
•To
tal G
en
era
tio
n =
19
0,0
00
,00
0 k
Wh
-yr.
He
at
& P
ow
er
Ind
ust
rie
sH
ea
t &
Po
we
r In
du
stri
es
Cli
ma
te C
ha
nge
Ad
ap
tati
on
& M
itig
ati
on
Be
ne
fits
:
•A
void
ed
CO
2p
er
an
nu
m (
24
8 M
lit
res
of
die
sel)
=
75
5,0
00
to
ns
CO
2.
•C
O2
seq
ue
ste
red
= 4
80
,00
0 t
on
s C
O2
.(8
0%
C-c
losu
re b
y
tre
es
& c
an
e;
15
yrs
).
•S
oil
pro
tect
ion
fro
m f
req
ue
nt
sto
rm/f
loo
d e
ven
ts.
•M
ain
tain
s so
il m
ois
ture
–g
rou
nd
co
ver,
dro
ug
ht
tole
ran
t
spe
cie
s, g
row
on
ma
rgin
al
lan
ds
(e.g
. P
rosp
is,
Leu
cae
na
,
Ca
ssia
) a
nd
en
ha
nce
wa
ters
he
ds.
![Page 15: Towards Greater International Dialogue on Trade and ... · rm events. – Critical backup power after repeated severe storm events. – Modular to provide incrementally affordable](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011813/5e442832cd2e8b3fcd77a6df/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
He
at
& P
ow
er
Ind
ust
rie
sH
ea
t &
Po
we
r In
du
stri
es
••P
OW
ER
P
OW
ER
GE
NE
RA
TIO
N
GE
NE
RA
TIO
N is
a
pri
ma
ry
con
trib
uto
r to
CO
2
em
issi
on
s d
ue
to
foss
il f
ue
l u
se.
•G
en
era
tio
n c
an
acc
ou
nt
for
66
%
(e.g
. Tr
inid
ad
) a
nd
ap
pro
ach
ing
10
0 %
(e.g
. B
ah
am
as,
St.
Luci
a)
of
tota
l C
O2
Em
issi
on
(T
rotz
,
20
07
).
No
v2
00
8IC
TSD
-Ba
rre
tt1
5
Jam
aic
a’s
Gre
en
Ho
use
Ga
s E
mis
sio
ns,
20
00
-2
00
5,
Cla
ud
e
Da
vis
& A
sso
cia
tes.
Se
con
d N
ati
on
al
Co
mm
un
ica
tio
ns
–
UN
FC
CC
.
![Page 16: Towards Greater International Dialogue on Trade and ... · rm events. – Critical backup power after repeated severe storm events. – Modular to provide incrementally affordable](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011813/5e442832cd2e8b3fcd77a6df/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
He
at
& P
ow
er
Ind
ust
rie
sH
ea
t &
Po
we
r In
du
stri
es
•Fo
r th
e p
ow
er
sect
or,
eff
icie
nt
en
erg
y u
se w
ou
ld
incl
ud
e:
–M
eri
t o
rde
r d
isp
atc
h f
or
mo
re e
ffic
ien
t ge
ne
rato
rs (
or
IPP
)
for
ba
se lo
ad
s.
–A
pp
lica
tio
n o
f C
HP/
co-g
en
/co
mb
ine
d c
ycle
(IG
CC
etc
).–
Ap
plic
ati
on
of
CH
P/co
-ge
n/c
om
bin
ed
cyc
le (
IGC
C e
tc).
–R
ese
rve
ga
s fo
r id
en
tifi
ed
pe
ak
loa
ds
(C
C o
r co
gen
era
tio
n
to in
cre
ase
eff
icie
ncy
).
–G
en
era
tio
n,
dis
trib
uti
on
an
d t
ran
smis
sio
n c
an
be
re
du
ced
by
30
% u
sin
g s
up
ply
-sid
e m
an
ag
em
en
t p
roje
cts
(e.g
. 1
4
Sou
th P
aci
fic
AC
P u
tilit
ies)
.
No
v2
00
8IC
TSD
-Ba
rre
tt1
6
![Page 17: Towards Greater International Dialogue on Trade and ... · rm events. – Critical backup power after repeated severe storm events. – Modular to provide incrementally affordable](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011813/5e442832cd2e8b3fcd77a6df/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
He
at
& P
ow
er
Ind
ust
rie
s H
ea
t &
Po
we
r In
du
stri
es
CAPACITY
Installed Capacity
(23
Ne
gM
icro
n V
est
a
X 9
00
kW
)
20.7 M
W
Average Output
7.0 M
W
Estimated M
anual Output
62.97 GWH
••W
IND
WIN
Dis
cri
tica
l to
th
e p
ow
er
sect
or
-ze
ro e
mis
sio
ns
an
d
zero
em
issi
on
s a
nd
en
erg
y s
ecu
rity
.e
ne
rgy
se
curi
ty.
•W
ind
re
sou
rce
po
ten
tia
ls a
re
site
sp
eci
fic
(e.g
. C
ari
bb
ea
n a
nd
pa
cifi
c SI
Ds)
.
•M
ay
no
t b
e d
isru
pte
d b
y
clim
ate
ch
an
ge.
Dav
id B
arre
tt -
Sep
t 200
517
Estimated CO
2 Reduction
52,250 tCO
52,250 tCO
22e per yr.
e per yr.
PROJECT FINANCING
NCB Bank Loan
US$ 16 M
illion
Netherlands Government
US$ 6.6 M
illion
Grant
EUR 5.87 M
illion
PCJ Equity
US$ 3.2 M
illion
TOTAL FINANCING
US$ 25.8 M
illion
Est
ima
tes
–E
coSe
curi
tie
s, 2
00
6;
PC
J 2
00
5.
clim
ate
ch
an
ge.
•C
lim
ate
ch
an
ge a
gre
em
en
ts
ma
y i
ncr
ea
se C
DM
pro
ject
po
ten
tia
ls.
![Page 18: Towards Greater International Dialogue on Trade and ... · rm events. – Critical backup power after repeated severe storm events. – Modular to provide incrementally affordable](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011813/5e442832cd2e8b3fcd77a6df/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
He
at
& P
ow
er
Ind
ust
rie
sH
ea
t &
Po
we
r In
du
stri
es
•D
ive
rsio
n t
yp
e H
YD
RO
PO
WE
R S
YS
TE
MS
H
YD
RO
PO
WE
R S
YS
TE
MS
are
su
ite
d t
o m
an
y S
IDs,
LDC
s a
nd
SV
Es
–le
ss e
xpe
nsi
ve
, e
asi
er
to c
on
stru
ct,
less
dis
rup
tiv
e
soci
all
y a
nd
en
vir
on
me
nta
lly
an
d z
ero
CO
2e
mis
sio
ns.
••In
ten
se a
nd
lo
ng
er
dro
ug
hts
Inte
nse
an
d l
on
ge
r d
rou
gh
tsm
ay
re
du
ce g
en
era
tio
n p
ote
nti
al
ov
er
tim
e.
tim
e.
••R
ed
uce
d e
ne
rgy
im
po
rts
an
d G
HG
em
issi
on
s:R
ed
uce
d e
ne
rgy
im
po
rts
an
d G
HG
em
issi
on
s:
––E
.g. 2
1.5
MW
; a
pp
rox.
88
GW
h.
E.g
. 21
.5 M
W;
ap
pro
x. 8
8G
Wh
.
––E
stim
ate
d s
avi
ng
of
17
2,0
00
bb
ls c
rud
e/a
nn
um
.E
stim
ate
d s
avi
ng
of
17
2,0
00
bb
ls c
rud
e/a
nn
um
.
––A
void
ed
16
2,0
00
to
nn
es
of
CO
Avo
ide
d 1
62
,00
0 t
on
ne
s o
f C
O22
[No
. 4
Fu
el
oil
/Die
sel]
.[N
o.
4 F
ue
l o
il/D
iese
l].
––P
ote
nti
all
y s
av
ing
s o
f U
SD
19
.8 M
Po
ten
tia
lly
sa
vin
gs
of
US
D 1
9.8
M@
US
D1
15
/bb
l*.(
*@
US
D1
15
/bb
l*.(
*2
1/8
/20
08
21
/8/2
00
8).).
••H
yd
ro is
use
d t
o r
ed
uce
$/k
Wh
an
d i
ncr
ea
se p
rofi
tab
ilit
y.
Hy
dro
is u
sed
to
re
du
ce $
/kW
h a
nd
in
cre
ase
pro
fita
bil
ity.
60
6
0 --
90
% e
ffic
ien
t a
nd
10
yr
pa
yb
ack
.9
0%
eff
icie
nt
an
d 1
0 y
r p
ay
ba
ck.
Se
pt2
00
8B
arr
ett
18
![Page 19: Towards Greater International Dialogue on Trade and ... · rm events. – Critical backup power after repeated severe storm events. – Modular to provide incrementally affordable](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011813/5e442832cd2e8b3fcd77a6df/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
He
at
& P
ow
er
Ind
ust
rie
s H
ea
t &
Po
we
r In
du
stri
es
•W
TE
-la
nd
fill
ga
s a
nd
w
ast
ew
ate
r/se
we
rag
e f
or
po
we
r ca
n
imp
rov
e e
ne
rgy
se
curi
ty.
••C
HC
H44
cap
ture
an
d u
tili
zati
on
ca
ptu
re a
nd
uti
liza
tio
n -
po
ten
tia
l G
HG
tra
din
g f
ina
nci
ng
.
•Li
mit
ed
by
lo
w v
olu
me
flo
ws
in S
IDs
an
d
dis
org
an
ise
d d
isp
osa
l si
tes.
–E
.g.
Ja
ma
ica
–d
isp
osa
l of
ap
pro
x.
95
0,0
00
to
nn
es/
yr.
–O
rga
nic
co
nte
nt
is a
pp
roxi
ma
tely
65
%
wit
h a
po
ten
tia
l fo
r ge
ne
rati
ng
15
MW
a
t U
S$ 0
.08
ce
nts
/kW
h.
WT
E
WT
E --
Un
aff
ect
ed
by
cli
ma
te c
ha
nge
wit
h p
ote
nti
al
op
po
rtu
nit
ies
for
pro
ject
U
na
ffe
cte
d b
y c
lim
ate
ch
an
ge w
ith
po
ten
tia
l o
pp
ort
un
itie
s fo
r p
roje
ct
fin
an
cin
g,
en
erg
y s
ecu
rity
, e
mp
loy
me
nt
an
d s
tru
ctu
red
wa
ste
ma
na
gem
en
t.
fin
an
cin
g,
en
erg
y s
ecu
rity
, e
mp
loy
me
nt
an
d s
tru
ctu
red
wa
ste
ma
na
gem
en
t.
Est
. 4
2 G
gin
20
05
Jam
aic
a’s
Gre
en
Ho
use
Ga
s E
mis
sio
ns,
20
00
-2
00
5,
Cla
ud
e D
avi
s &
Ass
oci
ate
s. S
eco
nd
Na
tio
na
l
Co
mm
un
ica
tio
ns
–U
NFC
CC
.
![Page 20: Towards Greater International Dialogue on Trade and ... · rm events. – Critical backup power after repeated severe storm events. – Modular to provide incrementally affordable](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011813/5e442832cd2e8b3fcd77a6df/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
He
at
& P
ow
er
Ind
ust
rie
s H
ea
t &
Po
we
r In
du
stri
es
••G
EO
TH
ER
MA
LG
EO
TH
ER
MA
Ln
eg
lig
ible
GH
G e
mis
sio
ns
(CO
2).
•P
roce
ss h
ea
t q
ua
liti
es
no
t a
vail
ab
le i
n a
ll L
DC
s, S
VE
s a
nd
S
IDs.
•U
na
ffe
cte
d b
y c
lim
ate
ch
an
ge
.•
Un
aff
ect
ed
by
cli
ma
te c
ha
ng
e.
•P
ote
nti
al
for
dis
pla
cin
g s
ign
ific
an
t a
mo
un
t o
f FF
fo
r h
ea
t a
nd
p
ow
er.
••In
tra
Intr
a--r
eg
ion
al
exp
ort
op
po
rtu
nit
ies
reg
ion
al
exp
ort
op
po
rtu
nit
ies
(e.g
. N
ev
is t
ota
l p
ote
nti
al
for
90
0M
W;
pla
ns
for
50
MW
pla
nt
an
d s
ale
of
35
MW
to
n
eg
hb
ou
rs).
No
v2
00
8IC
TSD
-Ba
rre
tt2
0
![Page 21: Towards Greater International Dialogue on Trade and ... · rm events. – Critical backup power after repeated severe storm events. – Modular to provide incrementally affordable](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011813/5e442832cd2e8b3fcd77a6df/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Ge
ne
rati
on
Em
issi
on
s G
en
era
tio
n E
mis
sio
ns
--P
ou
nd
s o
f C
OP
ou
nd
s o
f C
O22
pe
r M
illi
on
Btu
pe
r M
illi
on
Btu
Co
al…
Pe
tco
ke
Wo
od
/Wo
od
Wa
ste
Mu
nic
ipa
l S.W
.
Win
d/S
ola
r/G
eo
the
rm.
Ge
oth
erm
al =
9.1
8 x
10
-4lb
/Mil
lio
n B
tu
05
01
00
15
02
00
25
0
Dis
till
ate
Fu
el …
Re
sid
ua
l Fu
el …
LPG
Na
tura
l Ga
s…
Lan
dfi
ll G
as
Co
al…
Se
pt2
00
8B
arr
ett
21
EIA
–“V
olu
nta
ry R
ep
ort
ing
of
Gre
en
ho
use
Ga
ses
Pro
gra
m F
ue
l &
En
erg
y S
ou
rce
Co
de
s &
Em
issi
on
Co
eff
icie
nts
”
Po
un
ds
CO
2/m
illio
n B
tu
![Page 22: Towards Greater International Dialogue on Trade and ... · rm events. – Critical backup power after repeated severe storm events. – Modular to provide incrementally affordable](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011813/5e442832cd2e8b3fcd77a6df/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
OP
PO
RT
UN
ITIE
S
OP
PO
RT
UN
ITIE
S ––
CO
MM
ER
CIA
L O
PE
RA
TIO
NS
CO
MM
ER
CIA
L O
PE
RA
TIO
NS
CO
MM
ER
CIA
L O
PE
RA
TIO
NS
CO
MM
ER
CIA
L O
PE
RA
TIO
NS
No
v2
00
8IC
TSD
-Ba
rre
tt2
2
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Co
mm
erc
ial
Op
era
tio
ns
Co
mm
erc
ial
Op
era
tio
ns
SO
LAR
SO
LAR
is p
is p
oss
ibly
th
e m
ost
re
sili
en
t a
nd
ub
iqu
ito
us
do
me
stic
a
nd
co
mm
erc
ial a
pp
lica
tio
n.
•P
ho
tov
olt
aic
-P
ow
er.
–R
eso
urc
e is
un
aff
ect
ed
by
cli
ma
te c
ha
nge
.– –
Zero
em
issi
on
an
d a
void
ed
CO
2.
(E.g
. 1
.52
KW
PV
sys
tem
avo
ids
an
nu
ally
, 4
65
.90
lbs
CO
2;
0.9
0 lb
s N
Ox.
; 2
.56
lb S
Ox;
3.9
6 m
g H
g).
–E
qu
ipm
en
t w
arr
an
tee
aga
inst
in
cre
asi
ng
ly s
eve
re s
torm
eve
nts
.
–C
riti
cal b
ack
up
po
we
r a
fte
r re
pe
ate
d s
eve
re s
torm
eve
nts
.
–M
od
ula
r t
o p
rovi
de
incr
em
en
tally
aff
ord
ab
le c
om
me
rcia
l p
ow
er
(e.g
. h
osp
ita
ls,
na
vy,
sch
oo
ls,
an
d e
lect
rici
ty f
aci
litie
s in
Ha
wa
ii a
nd
Ma
rsh
all
Isla
nd
s) o
r d
om
est
ic s
up
ply
.
––O
pp
ort
un
itie
s fo
r so
me
re
gio
na
l m
an
ufa
ctu
rin
g a
nd
sa
les.
O
pp
ort
un
itie
s fo
r so
me
re
gio
na
l m
an
ufa
ctu
rin
g a
nd
sa
les.
No
v2
00
8IC
TSD
-Ba
rre
tt2
3
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Co
mm
erc
ial
Op
era
tio
ns
Co
mm
erc
ial
Op
era
tio
ns
Tou
rism
, C
om
me
rcia
l Bu
ild
ing
s a
nd
Cri
tica
l S
erv
ice
s To
uri
sm,
Co
mm
erc
ial B
uil
din
gs
an
d C
riti
cal
Se
rvic
es
--S
ola
r S
ola
r T
he
rma
l:T
he
rma
l:–
Zero
em
issi
on
s a
nd
avo
ide
d e
mis
sio
ns.
1
00
lite
r sy
ste
m c
ou
ld a
void
1
00
lite
r sy
ste
m c
ou
ld a
void
e
mis
sio
n o
f 1
.5 t
on
es
of
CO
em
issi
on
of
1.5
to
ne
s o
f C
O22/y
r./y
r.
–C
om
me
rcia
l SW
H c
an
re
pla
ce a
pp
rox
20
2
0 ––
30
% o
f h
ote
l e
lect
rici
ty
30
% o
f h
ote
l e
lect
rici
ty
cost
s. 2
co
sts.
2 ––
3 y
r p
ay
ba
ck.
3 y
r p
ay
ba
ck.
cost
s. 2
co
sts.
2 ––
3 y
r p
ay
ba
ck.
3 y
r p
ay
ba
ck.
–P
oss
ible
eff
icie
ncy
incr
ea
se w
ith
te
mp
era
ture
in
cre
ase
(n
ow
60
% –
80
% e
ffic
ien
t)..
––B
ack
up
he
at
an
d w
ate
r st
ora
ge
Ba
cku
p h
ea
t a
nd
wa
ter
sto
rage
fo
r re
pe
ate
d s
eve
re s
torm
eve
nts
.
––E
xte
rna
l O
pp
ort
un
ity
E
xte
rna
l O
pp
ort
un
ity
fo
r m
an
ufa
ctu
rin
g a
nd
exp
ort
to
tro
pic
al a
nd
te
mp
era
te r
eg
ion
s (e
.g.
So
lar
Dyn
am
ics,
Aq
ua
So
l, S
un
Po
we
r).
–P
reh
ea
tin
g a
nd
ho
t w
ate
r fo
r a
gro
-in
du
stry
, h
osp
ita
ls a
nd
co
mm
erc
ial
bu
ildin
gs.
No
v2
00
8IC
TSD
-Ba
rre
tt2
4
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Co
mm
erc
ial
Op
era
tio
ns
Co
mm
erc
ial
Op
era
tio
ns
e.g
. To
uri
sm S
ect
or
red
uce
d i
mp
act
s, o
pe
rati
on
al
cost
s a
nd
v
uln
era
bil
ity
to
pri
ce s
ho
cks
by
co
mb
inin
g R
EN
an
d E
E&
C.
–H
igh
pro
po
rtio
n o
f n
ati
on
al e
ne
rgy
con
sum
pti
on
(e
.g.
34
% o
f S
t. L
uci
a
ele
ctri
city
su
pp
ly)
con
sum
ing
ap
pro
x 7
0%
of
tota
l uti
lity
cost
.
–R
ed
uce
ele
ctri
city
10
-2
4%
/g
ue
st/n
igh
t a
nd
ove
rall
sa
vin
gs
of
19
% t
ota
l e
lect
rici
ty u
se.
•M
oti
on
/occ
up
an
cy s
en
sors
(1
0%
).
•In
sula
tio
n a
nd
sp
ace
co
nd
itio
nin
g
(10
%).
•E
ne
rgy
eff
icie
nt
an
d p
ass
ive
lig
hti
ng
an
d r
etr
ofi
ts (
40
% s
avi
ng
s)
•V
ari
ab
le s
pe
ed
mo
tors
an
d p
ow
er
fact
or
corr
ect
ion
.
•P
reve
nta
tive
/co
rre
ctiv
e m
ain
ten
an
ce (
15
–2
0%
).
•Im
ple
me
nti
ng
en
erg
y a
ud
its
reco
mm
en
da
tio
ns.
––E
coE
co--r
ati
ng
ma
y a
ttra
ct n
ew
to
uri
st $
$ a
nd
in
cre
me
nta
l e
con
om
ic g
ain
. ra
tin
g m
ay
att
ract
ne
w t
ou
rist
$$
an
d i
ncr
em
en
tal
eco
no
mic
ga
in.
–P
ayb
ack
pe
rio
d 4
–1
8 m
on
ths
an
d c
ost
sa
vin
g o
f p
ote
nti
ally
38
% o
f e
lect
rici
ty c
ost
ove
rall.
No
v2
00
8IC
TSD
-Ba
rre
tt2
5
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Co
mm
erc
ial
Op
era
tio
ns
Co
mm
erc
ial
Op
era
tio
ns
•In
teg
rate
d B
uil
din
g D
esi
gn
fo
r C
om
me
rcia
l an
d R
esi
de
nti
al
sett
ing
s:
–U
pst
rea
m in
corp
ora
tio
n o
f E
E a
nd
RE
N in
to b
uild
ing
de
sig
n [
(e.g
.
En
erg
y E
ffic
ien
cy B
uild
ing
Co
de
(E
EB
C)
or
Lea
de
rsh
ip in
En
erg
y
Eff
icie
ncy
De
sig
n (
LEE
DS
)],
use
d b
y th
e b
uild
ing
ind
ust
ry c
an
;
•R
ed
uce
en
erg
y co
nsu
mp
tio
n b
y 3
0 –
36
% /
an
nu
m.
•R
ed
uce
en
erg
y co
nsu
mp
tio
n b
y 3
0 –
36
% /
an
nu
m.
•Sh
ave
ele
ctri
city
pe
ak
de
ma
nd
by
24
–2
9 %
/an
nu
m.
•R
ed
uce
d e
mis
sio
ns.
–O
nly
~ 5
% in
cre
ase
in
bu
ildin
g c
ost
.
––E
FF
ICIE
NC
Y M
EA
NS
E
FF
ICIE
NC
Y M
EA
NS
LE
SS
SU
SC
EP
TAB
ILIT
Y
LES
S S
US
CE
PTA
BIL
ITY
TO
EN
ER
GY
IM
PO
RT
T
O E
NE
RG
Y I
MP
OR
T
SH
OC
KS
(e
.g.
rese
rve
ca
pa
city
wh
en
su
pp
ly i
s d
isru
pte
d b
y s
torm
s)
SH
OC
KS
(e
.g.
rese
rve
ca
pa
city
wh
en
su
pp
ly i
s d
isru
pte
d b
y s
torm
s)
WIT
H R
ED
UC
ED
CO
NT
RIB
UT
ION
S T
O G
HG
EM
ISS
ION
S.
WIT
H R
ED
UC
ED
CO
NT
RIB
UT
ION
S T
O G
HG
EM
ISS
ION
S.
Se
pt2
00
8B
arr
ett
26
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Co
mm
erc
ial
Op
era
tio
ns
Co
mm
erc
ial
Op
era
tio
ns
•LD
Cs,
SV
Es
an
d S
IDs
ne
ed
to
up
da
te r
efr
ige
ran
ts.
••O
lde
r R
Old
er
R--1
34
a r
efr
ige
ran
t h
as
a G
lob
al
Wa
rmin
g
13
4a
re
frig
era
nt
ha
s a
Glo
ba
l W
arm
ing
P
ote
nti
al
(GW
P)
of
3,8
30
ov
er
20
yrs
.P
ote
nti
al
(GW
P)
of
3,8
30
ov
er
20
yrs
.
•N
ew
er
DU
RA
CO
OL®
12
aD
UR
AC
OO
L® 1
2a
is G
WP
ne
gli
gib
le.
•C
oo
ls b
ett
er
tha
n R
-13
4a
an
d u
p t
o 3
5%
mo
re
35
% m
ore
e
ne
rgy
eff
icie
nt.
en
erg
y e
ffic
ien
t.
•C
oo
ls m
arg
ina
lly
be
tte
r th
an
ozo
ne
de
ple
tin
g C
FC-1
2
an
d m
od
era
tely
mo
re e
ffic
ien
t th
an
CFC
-12
(D
ura
coo
l.co
m,
20
08
).
Se
pt2
00
8B
arr
ett
27
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CO
ST
/ B
EN
EF
IT
CO
ST
/ B
EN
EF
IT --
RE
NE
WA
BLE
EN
ER
GY
RE
NE
WA
BLE
EN
ER
GY
TE
CH
NO
LOG
YT
EC
HN
OLO
GY
CA
PIT
AL
CO
ST
(US
D/M
W)
EA
RN
ING
S
(US
D/M
W)
PA
YB
AC
K
PE
RIO
D
(YR
S)
AV
OID
ED
CA
RB
ON
EM
ISS
ION
S
(TO
NN
ES
/KW
H)
WIN
DW
IND
2,7
13
,90
03
04
,15
49
2,4
84
SO
LAR
SO
LAR
5,7
00
,00
02
79
,55
42
01
,02
3
HY
DR
OH
YD
RO
2,5
00
,00
06
61
,98
34
5,4
06
WT
EW
TE
2,3
63
,63
65
48
,99
34
3,7
99
TE
CH
NO
LOG
YT
EC
HN
OLO
GY
CA
PIT
AL
CO
ST
(US
D/M
.GA
LLO
NS
)
EA
RN
ING
S
(US
D/M
GA
L)
PA
YB
AC
K
PE
RIO
D
(MT
HS
)
AV
OID
ED
CA
RB
ON
EM
ISS
ION
S
(TO
NN
ES
/MG
AL)
BIO
DIE
SE
LB
IOD
IES
EL
72
3,8
71
5,6
77
,50
01
.53
3,7
57
(CE
RE
, 2
00
8)
No
v2
00
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TSD
-Ba
rre
tt2
8
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OP
PO
RT
UN
ITIE
S
OP
PO
RT
UN
ITIE
S --
TR
AN
SP
OR
TAT
ION
T
RA
NS
PO
RTA
TIO
N
TR
AN
SP
OR
TAT
ION
T
RA
NS
PO
RTA
TIO
N
No
v2
00
8IC
TSD
-Ba
rre
tt2
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Tra
nsp
ort
ati
on
Tra
nsp
ort
ati
on
••LO
CA
L LO
CA
L b
iofu
els
bio
fue
lsa
re
are
a h
ed
ge
aga
inst
ext
ern
al
sho
cks
a h
ed
ge
aga
inst
ext
ern
al
sho
cks
such
as
cru
de
pri
ce s
pik
es
stim
ula
ted
by
sto
rms
in t
he
Gu
lf o
f M
exi
co.
•N
ea
r-te
rm m
ea
ns
of
ach
iev
ing
str
ing
en
t fu
el
ha
rmo
niz
ati
on
o
bje
ctiv
es
fue
l sp
eci
fica
tio
n t
ren
ds
for
ve
hic
les
fro
m
ob
ject
ive
s fu
el
spe
cifi
cati
on
tre
nd
s fo
r v
eh
icle
s fr
om
d
ev
elo
pe
d/i
nd
ust
ria
l n
ati
on
s. (
e.g
. Ja
pa
n,
Sin
gap
ore
, U
SA
d
om
est
ic e
xpo
rts
to C
ari
bb
ea
n r
eg
ion
).
••C
ON
TR
IBU
TIO
N T
O C
LIM
AT
E C
HA
NG
E S
OLU
TIO
NS
CO
NT
RIB
UT
ION
TO
CLI
MA
TE
CH
AN
GE
SO
LUT
ION
S.
••M
AJO
R I
NT
ER
NA
TIO
NA
L T
RA
DE
AN
D E
MP
LOY
ME
NT
M
AJO
R I
NT
ER
NA
TIO
NA
L T
RA
DE
AN
D E
MP
LOY
ME
NT
O
PP
OR
TU
NIT
Y
OP
PO
RT
UN
ITY
(e
spe
cia
lly
un
skil
led
, u
ne
mp
loy
ed
pe
op
les)
.
![Page 31: Towards Greater International Dialogue on Trade and ... · rm events. – Critical backup power after repeated severe storm events. – Modular to provide incrementally affordable](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011813/5e442832cd2e8b3fcd77a6df/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Tra
nsp
ort
ati
on
. Tr
an
spo
rta
tio
n.
••B
IOB
IO--O
IL c
rop
s tr
ad
ed
ove
r $
10
0 b
illi
on
/yr,
> 7
0 M
t a
nd
pre
dic
ted
to
re
ach
O
IL c
rop
s tr
ad
ed
ove
r $
10
0 b
illi
on
/yr,
> 7
0 M
t a
nd
pre
dic
ted
to
re
ach
ove
r 1
00
Mt
pe
r y
ea
r b
y 2
01
0
ove
r 1
00
Mt
pe
r y
ea
r b
y 2
01
0 (
Mu
rph
y 1
99
6).
•7
5%
ed
ible
s (s
oy
be
an
, o
il p
alm
, ra
pe
see
d,
sun
flo
we
r) =
> P
OT
EN
TIA
L
FOO
D S
EC
UR
ITY
IS
SU
ES
•1
5%
ole
och
em
ica
ls,
(e.g
. tr
an
spo
rt f
ue
ls).
(M
urp
hy,
D.J
. 1
99
9).
••B
IOD
IES
EL
BIO
DIE
SE
L --
B2
0
B2
0 r
ed
uce
s to
tal
hy
dro
carb
on
em
issi
on
s, N
Ox,
SO
x, C
O,
TS
P,
PM
10.
••B
10
0B
10
0re
du
ces
ne
t C
O2
by
78
% d
ue
to
ca
rbo
n r
ecy
clin
g b
y t
he
so
y p
lan
ts.
•N
et
CO
CO
22e
mis
sio
ns
are
re
du
ced
by
15
.66
%.
![Page 32: Towards Greater International Dialogue on Trade and ... · rm events. – Critical backup power after repeated severe storm events. – Modular to provide incrementally affordable](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011813/5e442832cd2e8b3fcd77a6df/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Tra
nsp
ort
ati
on
.Tr
an
spo
rta
tio
n.
••B
iod
iese
lB
iod
iese
l-
Dir
ect
ad
dit
ive
/ble
nd
, g
rea
ter
lub
rici
ty,
an
d
2%
hig
he
r fu
el
eff
icie
ncy
th
an
pe
tro
leu
m d
iese
l.
•Lo
w in
fra
stru
ctu
ral
inte
gra
tio
n c
ost
s.
•E
.g.
Jath
rop
ha
sacc
ha
rum
–in
he
ren
t re
sili
en
ces
to
som
e c
lim
ate
ch
an
ge
im
pa
cts.
–S
tab
iliz
es
or
rev
ers
es
de
sert
ific
ati
on
rev
ers
es
de
sert
ific
ati
on
.
––D
rou
gh
tD
rou
gh
t--re
sist
an
tre
sist
an
t,
salt
to
lera
nt,
min
ima
l ir
riga
tio
n.
–Su
ita
ble
fo
r tr
op
ics
an
d s
ub
-tro
pic
s (a
nn
ua
l ra
infa
ll 3
00
to
1,0
00
m
m).
![Page 33: Towards Greater International Dialogue on Trade and ... · rm events. – Critical backup power after repeated severe storm events. – Modular to provide incrementally affordable](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011813/5e442832cd2e8b3fcd77a6df/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Tra
nsp
ort
ati
on
.Tr
an
spo
rta
tio
n.
DR
IVE
RS
:
•H
igh
oil
pri
ces.
Na
tio
na
l
cost
sa
vin
gs.
•A
gro
-in
du
stry
pro
fita
bil
ity.
•E
ne
rgy
se
curi
ty
STA
TU
S:
•R
ap
id g
row
th o
f FU
EL
ET
HA
NO
LFU
EL
ET
HA
NO
L
•U
.S.
an
d B
razi
l a
re t
he
le
ad
ers
.
•
con
sid
era
tio
ns
(fu
el
div
ers
ific
ati
on
, sw
itch
ing
an
d s
up
ply
) .
•E
tha
no
l ta
x in
cen
tiv
es.
•Im
pro
ve
d t
ech
no
log
y -
low
er
cost
s o
f e
tha
no
l
pro
du
ctio
n.
•C
lim
ate
ch
an
ge
co
nce
rns.
No
v2
00
8ICTSD-Barrett
33
•N
ew
pro
du
cers
-A
sia
an
d L
ati
n
Am
eri
ca e
tc.
•S
IDs
an
d L
DC
s ca
n p
art
icip
ate
(e.g
. C
ub
an
po
ten
tia
l ~
3.0
bil
lio
n g
al.
pe
r a
nn
um
fro
m
suga
r. J
am
aic
a p
rod
uct
ion
of
fue
l e
tha
no
l 7
0 –
80
mil
lio
n
gall
on
s/a
nn
um
fo
r e
xpa
nsi
on
.
![Page 34: Towards Greater International Dialogue on Trade and ... · rm events. – Critical backup power after repeated severe storm events. – Modular to provide incrementally affordable](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011813/5e442832cd2e8b3fcd77a6df/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Wo
rld
Eth
an
ol
Pro
du
ctio
n F
ore
cast
20
08
-2
01
2 Mil
lio
ns
of
Ga
llo
ns
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
CA
GR
, %
Bra
zil
4,9
88
5,2
38
5,4
89
5,7
39
5,9
90
2.8
0%
U.S
.6
,19
86
,85
87
,51
88
,17
88
,83
85
.70
%
Ch
ina
1,0
75
1,1
01
1,1
28
1,1
54
1,1
81
1.4
0%
Ind
ia5
31
55
15
71
59
16
11
2.2
0%
Fra
nce
28
53
01
31
73
33
34
93
.20
%
Sp
ain
16
31
84
20
62
27
24
96
.90
%
Ge
rma
ny
31
93
81
44
45
06
56
99
.70
%
Ca
na
da
23
02
76
32
23
68
41
49
.90
%
Ind
on
esi
a7
68
49
21
00
10
85
.60
%
Ita
ly5
05
35
55
86
02
.80
%
No
v2
00
8IC
TSD
-Ba
rre
tt3
4
Ita
ly5
05
35
55
86
02
.80
%
Re
st o
f th
e W
orl
d2
,30
22
,54
82
,79
43
,04
03
,28
65
.70
%
Wo
rld
To
tals
16
,21
51
7,5
74
18
,93
42
0,2
93
21
,65
34
.60
%
So
urc
e:
Ma
rke
t R
ese
arc
h A
na
lyst
® 2
00
8
![Page 35: Towards Greater International Dialogue on Trade and ... · rm events. – Critical backup power after repeated severe storm events. – Modular to provide incrementally affordable](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011813/5e442832cd2e8b3fcd77a6df/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Tra
nsp
ort
ati
on
Tra
nsp
ort
ati
on
••In
cre
ase
d e
ne
rgy
se
curi
ty,
em
plo
ym
en
t In
cre
ase
d e
ne
rgy
se
curi
ty,
em
plo
ym
en
t
an
d G
HG
re
du
ctio
n (
Ca
nd
GH
G r
ed
uct
ion
(C
--fix
ing
) a
nd
pro
ject
fi
xin
g)
an
d p
roje
ct
fun
din
gfu
nd
ing
.
–E
.g. J
am
aic
a’s
mo
tor
veh
icle
fle
et
usi
ng
E1
0 c
an
co
nsu
me
ap
pro
xim
ate
ly 6
8
mill
ion
lite
rs o
f e
tha
no
l (a
pp
rox
10
,00
0
ha
of
can
e o
r 8
00
,00
0 t
of
suga
r ca
ne
).h
a o
f ca
ne
or
80
0,0
00
t o
f su
gar
can
e).
•E
stim
ate
d t
o p
ote
nti
all
y r
ed
uce
GH
G
imp
act
fo
r Ja
ma
ica
by
4%
.
•E
stim
ate
d t
o p
rod
uce
3%
le
ss G
HG
em
issi
on
s in
mil
es
tra
vell
ed
/ga
llo
n.
••Im
pro
ve p
rofi
tab
ilit
y o
f re
fin
ery
an
d a
gro
Imp
rove
pro
fita
bil
ity
of
refi
ne
ry a
nd
ag
ro--
ind
ust
ry o
pe
rati
on
. in
du
stry
op
era
tio
n.
Sou
rce
-P
etr
oja
m E
tha
no
l Ltd
., 2
00
8.
Sou
rce
–Ja
ma
ica
Bro
ile
rs E
tha
no
l, 2
00
8.
![Page 36: Towards Greater International Dialogue on Trade and ... · rm events. – Critical backup power after repeated severe storm events. – Modular to provide incrementally affordable](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011813/5e442832cd2e8b3fcd77a6df/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
So
urc
e –
Da
vid
Ha
rris
Jr.
, G
en
era
l Ma
na
ge
r Tr
an
spo
rta
tio
n S
erv
ice
s, H
arv
ard
Un
ive
rsit
y. 2
00
6Se
pt2
00
8B
arr
ett
36
![Page 37: Towards Greater International Dialogue on Trade and ... · rm events. – Critical backup power after repeated severe storm events. – Modular to provide incrementally affordable](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011813/5e442832cd2e8b3fcd77a6df/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Tra
nsp
ort
ati
on
.Tr
an
spo
rta
tio
n.
•Ja
ma
ica
qu
ali
fie
s u
nd
er
CB
I a
nd
CB
ER
A*
fo
r th
e e
xem
pti
on
of
du
ty
in t
he
exp
ort
ati
on
of
fue
l g
rad
e e
tha
no
l in
to t
he
US
(U
S$
0.5
4 p
er
gall
on
im
po
rt d
uty
wa
ive
d).
•Ta
riff
ap
pli
es
to B
razi
lia
n e
tha
no
l so
Ja
ma
ica
ta
kes
ad
van
tag
e o
f Ja
ma
ica
ta
kes
ad
van
tag
e o
f ta
riff
ad
van
tag
e t
o a
ttra
ct B
razi
lia
n c
ap
ita
l.
tari
ff a
dva
nta
ge
to
att
ract
Bra
zili
an
ca
pit
al.
(W
ill
Bra
zil
uti
lize
(W
ill
Bra
zil
uti
lize
si
mil
ar
rou
tes
to E
U m
ark
ets
wit
h S
VE
s tr
ad
e b
en
efi
ts).
sim
ila
r ro
ute
s to
EU
ma
rke
ts w
ith
SV
Es
tra
de
be
ne
fits
).ta
riff
ad
van
tag
e t
o a
ttra
ct B
razi
lia
n c
ap
ita
l.
tari
ff a
dva
nta
ge
to
att
ract
Bra
zili
an
ca
pit
al.
(W
ill
Bra
zil
uti
lize
(W
ill
Bra
zil
uti
lize
si
mil
ar
rou
tes
to E
U m
ark
ets
wit
h S
VE
s tr
ad
e b
en
efi
ts).
sim
ila
r ro
ute
s to
EU
ma
rke
ts w
ith
SV
Es
tra
de
be
ne
fits
).
•P
resi
de
nt
Ele
ct O
ba
ma
su
pp
ort
s su
bsi
die
s fo
r d
om
est
ic U
S c
orn
e
tha
no
l a
nd
ta
riff
s o
n i
mp
ort
ed
su
gar
can
e e
tha
no
l.
•C
BE
RA
un
ila
tera
l a
rra
ng
em
en
t co
uld
be
je
op
ard
ize
d w
he
n t
he
a
rra
ng
em
en
t co
me
s u
p a
gain
fo
r e
xte
nsi
on
in
20
10
.
•O
pp
ort
un
itie
s th
rou
gh
EP
A a
nd
oth
er
win
do
ws?
?
*C
ari
bb
ea
n B
asi
n I
nit
iati
ve;
Ca
rib
be
an
Ba
sin
Eco
no
mic
Re
cove
ry A
ct
.
![Page 38: Towards Greater International Dialogue on Trade and ... · rm events. – Critical backup power after repeated severe storm events. – Modular to provide incrementally affordable](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011813/5e442832cd2e8b3fcd77a6df/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
PO
LIC
Y A
CT
ION
S A
ND
P
OLI
CY
AC
TIO
NS
AN
D
FIN
AN
CIN
GFI
NA
NC
ING
FIN
AN
CIN
GFI
NA
NC
ING
No
v2
00
8IC
TSD
-Ba
rre
tt3
8
![Page 39: Towards Greater International Dialogue on Trade and ... · rm events. – Critical backup power after repeated severe storm events. – Modular to provide incrementally affordable](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011813/5e442832cd2e8b3fcd77a6df/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Po
licy
Act
ion
sP
oli
cy A
ctio
ns
•R
em
ova
l o
f m
ark
et
dis
tort
ion
s (b
arr
iers
) e
.g.
to a
chie
ve
fo
llo
win
g:
–S
tan
da
rdiz
ed
PPA
s,
–A
void
ed
co
st f
or
serv
ice
s.
–R
ed
uce
/elim
ina
te F
F s
ub
sid
ies.
•In
cre
ase
d e
ne
rgy
se
curi
ty a
nd
en
vir
on
me
nta
l o
bje
ctiv
es
thro
ug
h
fue
l a
nd
so
urc
e d
ive
rsif
ica
tio
n,
incr
ea
sin
g i
nd
ige
no
us
sup
ply
, a
nd
fu
el
an
d s
ou
rce
div
ers
ific
ati
on
, in
cre
asi
ng
in
dig
en
ou
s su
pp
ly,
an
d
fue
l sw
itch
ing
.
•D
em
an
d-s
ide
ma
na
ge
me
nt
(EE
&C
) a
t a
ll l
ev
els
. S
tate
to
le
ad
by
e
xam
ple
.
•M
ea
sure
ow
ne
rsh
ip i
n g
lob
al
ph
en
om
en
a (
e.g
. cl
ima
te c
ha
ng
e)
an
d p
rep
are
ris
k a
sse
ssm
en
t a
nd
ad
ap
tati
on
str
ate
gie
s to
cli
ma
te
cha
ng
e c
on
sid
era
tio
ns.
Se
pt2
00
8B
arr
ett
39
![Page 40: Towards Greater International Dialogue on Trade and ... · rm events. – Critical backup power after repeated severe storm events. – Modular to provide incrementally affordable](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011813/5e442832cd2e8b3fcd77a6df/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Po
licy
Act
ion
sP
oli
cy A
ctio
ns
•E
sta
bli
sh n
ati
on
al
cod
es/
sta
nd
ard
s (e
.g.
EE
BC
, LE
ED
) fo
r in
teg
rate
d E
E b
uil
din
g d
esi
gn
.
•In
cen
tiv
es
for
com
pa
nie
s p
rop
osi
ng
lo
w e
mis
sio
n
ind
ige
no
us,
re
ne
wa
ble
an
d E
E t
ech
no
log
ies.
(R
ed
uce
we
igh
t o
f u
tili
ty i
n s
ele
ctio
n p
roce
ss).
o
f u
tili
ty i
n s
ele
ctio
n p
roce
ss).
•M
ain
tain
co
nsi
ste
nt
pu
bli
c a
wa
ren
ess
an
d e
ne
rgy
la
be
lin
g
stra
teg
ies.
•A
pp
ly f
ull
co
st a
cco
un
tin
g m
eth
od
olo
gie
s to
fo
ssil
an
d
ren
ew
ab
le o
pti
on
s (e
.g.
CB
A).
No
v2
00
8IC
TSD
-Ba
rre
tt4
0
![Page 41: Towards Greater International Dialogue on Trade and ... · rm events. – Critical backup power after repeated severe storm events. – Modular to provide incrementally affordable](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011813/5e442832cd2e8b3fcd77a6df/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Po
licy
Act
ion
sP
oli
cy A
ctio
ns
•E
nco
ura
ge
un
bu
nd
lin
g o
f u
tili
tie
s se
rvic
es
into
ge
ne
rati
on
, tr
an
smis
sio
n &
dis
trib
uti
on
wh
ere
fe
asi
ble
.
•In
clu
de
“e
xit
cla
use
s” i
n l
eg
isla
tio
n/c
on
tra
cts
for
pe
rfo
rma
nce
re
wa
rd o
r d
isco
nti
nu
ity
wh
ere
mo
no
po
lie
s o
r o
lig
op
oli
es
exi
st.
oli
go
po
lie
s e
xist
.
•Fe
ed
-in
la
w f
or
uti
lity
to
acc
ep
t so
me
RE
N t
ech
no
log
ies
an
d
pe
rmit
re
tail
gre
en
po
we
r p
rem
ium
s.
•Fr
on
t-e
nd
ca
pit
al
sup
po
rt a
s in
cen
tiv
e.
•Ta
x in
cen
tiv
es.
No
v2
00
8IC
TSD
-Ba
rre
tt4
1
![Page 42: Towards Greater International Dialogue on Trade and ... · rm events. – Critical backup power after repeated severe storm events. – Modular to provide incrementally affordable](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022011813/5e442832cd2e8b3fcd77a6df/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Fin
an
cin
gFi
na
nci
ng
•C
on
ve
rtin
g t
his
ev
olv
ing
cli
ma
te c
ha
ng
e s
cen
ari
o in
to
op
po
rtu
nit
ies
can
be
pro
hib
itiv
ely
exp
en
siv
e a
nd
ma
y
req
uir
e:
–C
olla
bo
rati
ve e
ffo
rts
to o
bta
in c
riti
cal m
ass
cr
itic
al m
ass
fo
r in
he
ren
tly
“sm
all
sca
le”
pro
ject
s (e
.g.
reg
ion
al b
un
dlin
g o
f p
roje
cts)
.sc
ale
” p
roje
cts
(e.g
. re
gio
na
l bu
nd
ling
of
pro
ject
s).
–A
lre
ad
y u
p t
o U
SD 7
1 b
illio
n h
as
be
en
inve
ste
d in
RE
N c
ap
aci
ty
wo
rld
wid
e.
Cre
ati
ve lo
cal f
ina
nci
ng
(3
rdp
art
y a
nd
en
erg
y fu
nd
s)
an
d in
tern
ati
on
al g
ree
n f
un
ds
(e.g
.. G
EF
an
d N
ew
Clim
ate
Inve
stm
en
t Fu
nd
).
––Jo
int
ven
ture
pro
ject
s Jo
int
ven
ture
pro
ject
s w
ith
de
velo
pe
d n
ati
on
s (e
.g..
CD
M).
Se
pt2
00
8B
arr
ett
42
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Fin
an
cin
gFi
na
nci
ng
•C
urr
en
t g
lob
al
fin
an
cia
l cr
isis
ma
y h
ind
er
cre
dit
ma
rke
t
for
ren
ew
ab
le t
ech
no
log
ies
an
d E
E&
C a
pp
lica
tio
ns.
•S
pe
cia
l o
pti
on
s sh
ou
ld t
he
refo
re b
e c
on
sid
ere
d t
o
en
cou
rag
e c
lea
n t
ech
no
log
ies:
en
cou
rag
e c
lea
n t
ech
no
log
ies:
–P
etr
oC
ari
be
fu
nd
s.
–E
ne
rgy
Serv
ice
s C
o.
(ESC
Os)
ca
n b
e p
aid
fro
m e
ne
rgy
savi
ng
s.
–Fi
sca
l off
eri
ng
s (t
ax
de
du
ctio
ns,
co
nce
ssio
ns,
wa
ive
rs).
–U
nd
er
CSM
&E
lo
bb
y b
un
dlin
g o
f p
roje
cts
to a
tta
in c
riti
cal
ma
ss
of
CE
Rs.
No
v2
00
8IC
TSD
-Ba
rre
tt4
3
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SU
MM
AR
Y A
ND
S
UM
MA
RY
AN
D
CO
NC
LUS
ION
SC
ON
CLU
SIO
NS
CO
NC
LUS
ION
SC
ON
CLU
SIO
NS
No
v2
00
8IC
TSD
-Ba
rre
tt4
4
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SU
MM
AR
YS
UM
MA
RY
•E
E &
C i
s th
e s
tart
ing
po
int
for
red
uci
ng
de
pe
nd
en
ce o
n i
mp
ort
ed
re
du
cin
g d
ep
en
de
nce
on
im
po
rte
d
en
erg
y a
nd
mit
iga
tio
n a
gain
st c
lim
ate
ch
an
ge
in
flu
en
ces
en
erg
y a
nd
mit
iga
tio
n a
gain
st c
lim
ate
ch
an
ge
in
flu
en
ces.
•R
EN
is
a v
iab
le t
oo
l to
in
cre
ase
en
erg
y i
nd
ep
en
de
nce
incr
ea
se e
ne
rgy
in
de
pe
nd
en
ce,
red
uce
vu
lne
rab
ilit
y t
o e
xog
en
ou
s fa
cto
rs a
nd
re
du
ce c
on
trib
uti
on
s to
clim
ate
ch
an
ge
.cl
ima
te c
ha
ng
e.
••R
EN
an
d E
E&
C a
re s
yn
erg
isti
c R
EN
an
d E
E&
C a
re s
yn
erg
isti
c in
im
pro
vin
g t
rad
e a
nd
com
pe
titi
ve
ne
ss o
pp
ort
un
itie
s a
nd
ach
iev
e m
ea
nin
gfu
l G
HG
targ
ets
.
••U
ltim
ate
ly p
oli
cy a
ctio
ns
an
d s
pe
cia
l fi
na
nci
ng
U
ltim
ate
ly p
oli
cy a
ctio
ns
an
d s
pe
cia
l fi
na
nci
ng
are
ne
cess
ary
to
act
iva
te R
EN
an
d E
E &
C o
bje
ctiv
es
of
LDC
s, S
VE
s a
nd
SID
s a
nd
to
ov
erc
om
e e
ntr
en
che
d d
ep
en
de
nce
on
fo
ssil
fu
els
.
No
v2
00
8IC
TSD
-Ba
rre
tt4
5
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EN
DE
ND
Th
an
k y
ou
fo
r y
ou
r a
tte
nti
on
.T
ha
nk
yo
u f
or
yo
ur
att
en
tio
n.
Da
vid
Ba
rre
tt
db
arr
ett
2@
gm
ail
.co
m
87
6-9
46
-26
62
(w
)/8
76
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2-9
99
6(m
)
No
v2
00
8IC
TSD
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rre
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6