1. Fausto Giunchiglia Vincenzo Maltese Stuart Anderson Daniele Miorandi DISI, University of Trento, Trento, Italy School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK U-Hopper & CREATE-NET, Trento, Italy Towards Hybrid and Diversity-Aware Collective Adaptive Systems 18/09/2013 www.smart-society-project.eu

2. Smart Society 18/09/2013 www.smart-society-project.eu 2 3. Ride sharing application 18/09/2013 www.smart-society-project.eu 3 4. 18/09/2013 www.smart-society-project.eu 4 5. How is this Collective Adaptive? 18/09/2013 www.smart-society-project.eu 5 Reputation (Joe should have one too) Reputation is a collective asset. Reputation drives selection process Reputation aggregates behaviour 6. Aggregation/Stratification 18/09/2013 www.smart-society-project.eu 6 Aggregation builds collective assets. Goes together with stratification Stratification determines the relevant population Stratification is driven by particular observations on the population. Aggregation/Stratification builds layered systems Aggregation/Stratification support collectives as actors Empirically there are ethical concerns Aggregation used to justify lack of transparency Stratification can identify 7. Layered Systems 18/09/2013 www.smart-society-project.eu 7 Layer 2: Incentivising the creation of self organising transport groups analyse data, bring people together, improved reliability, stable cost. Aggregation of Trip data is essential to achieve this and stratification drives specificity. The extra layer changes evidence from the first layer. Layer 3: Incentivise the creation of policy experimentation based on evidence from layer 1 and 2. Requires aggregation of modes of organisation/provision 8. Social Computation 18/09/2013 www.smart-society-project.eu 8 Programming model that taking humans and programs working in close cooperation. Human computation depends on resources (e.g. communication) and incentives There are many emerging models: Mechanical turk Games with a purpose Crowdsourcing 9. Compositionality 18/09/2013 www.smart-society-project.eu 9 Slogan the meaning of the whole is a function of the meaning of the parts. Key property if systems are to be intellectually tractable. Many components dont compose nicely. Meaning is context dependent, good enough semantics could deploy humans to resolve context/calculate semantics, could be relativised to the context. Compositionality potentially generalises ideas about aggregation suggests architectures of social machines 10. Conclusions 18/09/2013 www.smart-society-project.eu 10 Social computation is the key to support Hybridity. Compositionality is the key tool to support Diversity and tractability of Social Computation.