towards integrated measures of biodiversity, ecosystem function and ecosystem service
DESCRIPTION
Towards integrated measures of biodiversity, ecosystem function and ecosystem service. Martin Solan , Jasmin Godbold, Mark Bulling Oceanlab, University of Aberdeen, UK. [email protected]. Marine goods and services. Beaumont et al. 2008. Human impact on the global ocean. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Towards integrated measures of biodiversity, ecosystem function
and ecosystem service
Martin Solan, Jasmin Godbold, Mark Bulling
Oceanlab, University of Aberdeen, UK
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Marine goods and services
Beaumont et al. 2008
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Human impact on the global ocean
Halpern et al. 2008
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Year
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006
Cita
tion
fre
qu
en
cy
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
0 1 2 3
020
4060
8010
012
0
Habitat type of study
Ann
ual c
itatio
n ra
te
Accelerating interest
Year
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006
Num
ber
of p
ublic
atio
ns (
year
-1)
0
50
100
150
200
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Investigating consequences of species loss
0
10
20
30
40
50
A B Expected A+B A+B
Species
Eco
syst
em p
roce
ss
Fix biomass
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Manipulating benthic diversity
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Concerns over consequences of biodiversity loss
-Ethical-Religious
Schulze & Mooney (1994) Vitousek et al. (1997)
Hypothesis generation
-Rivet-Redundancy -Idiosyncratic
-Expert opinion
Hypothetical scenariogeneration
Sala et al. (2000)
Laboratory experiments TheoreticalHistorical data
LimitationsCriticism, validation & modification
-Small scale-Simple communities-One trophic level-No species interactions
-Heterogeneity of variance-Confounding factorsAarssen (1997), Huston (1997),Ieno et al. (2006)
For reviews:-Hooper et al. (2005)-Naeem et al. (2002)-Hughes & Petchey (2001)-Loreau et al. (2001)
Phase
1: Envi
ronm
enta
l va
riati
on c
ontr
olled
Reality Filter
Emmerson & Huxham (2002) Tilman et al. (1997)Cardinale et al. (2004)
Theoretical
Yachi & Loreau (1999)Cardinale et al. (2000)Ives & Cardinale (2004)Gross & Cardinale (2005)
Connection to real world Field experimentsReal world in laboratory
Combinatorial
Biodiversity futuresbased on data
Sp. addition & removalIn-situ
Naeem & Wright (2003)
Duffy et al. (2003)
Model with validation
Empirically derivedscenario generation
Emmerson et al. (2001)Widdicombe et al. (2000)
Bruno et al. (2005)Bruno et al. (2006)
Hector et al. (1999)Symstad & Tilman (2001)Diaz et al. (2003)
Biles et al. (2003)Swan & Palmer (2004)O’Connor & Crowe (2005)
Movement to the real world
Solan et al. (2004) Zavaleta & Hulvey (2004)Bunker et al. (2005) McIntyre et al. (2007)
Bracken et al. (2008)
Emmerson & Raffaelli (2000) Swan & Palmer (2005)Fox (2006)
Flint & Kalke (2005)Raffaelli et al. (2005a, b)
Controversy
Natural & anthropogenic gradients of disturbance Indirect manipulations
Wardle et al. (1997)Troumbis & Memtsas (2000)Cardinale et al. (2005)Ruesink et al. (2006)Natural reduction of
confounding factorsStatistical partitioning
Phase
2: In
clusi
on o
f su
bse
t of
envi
ronm
enta
l va
riati
on
Phase
3: In
corp
ora
ting
envi
ronm
enta
l va
riati
on
Vitousek et al. (1994)Austin (2002)
e.g. -partial linear regression-variance partitioning
- Time (O’Connor & Crowe, 2005)- Multi-trophism (France & Duffy, 2006a)- Community complexity (France & Duffy, 2006b)- Multi-functionality (Hector & Bagchi, 2007)
Fukami & Wardle (2005) -Diseases-Extractive industry-Paleological record-“freak” disturbance events
Field observations
Summaries andmeta-analyses
Covich et al. (2004)Balvanera et al. (2006)Cardinale et al. (2006)Worm et al. (2006)
BEF indicesScholes & Briggs (2005)Rouget et al. (2006)Zhang & Zhang (2007)
-Economic-Scientific
Relevance
Srivastava & Vellend (2005)
Increasing system complexity
Application in the real world
Extension to landscape & ecosystem scales
Connection with ecosystem services
Translation to policy
Aid management and conservation issues
Srivastava & Vellend (2005)Millenium Assessment (2005)Diaz et al. (2006)
Expert advice
Loreau et al. (2006)
Godbold 2009
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(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f)
Year
1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006
Pro
port
ion
of
cita
tions
to N
aee
m e
t al.
(199
4)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Year
1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006
Pro
port
ion
of
cita
tions
to H
usto
n (
1997
)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Year
1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006
Pro
port
ion
of
cita
tions
to T
ilma
n et
al.
(199
7)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Year
1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006
Pro
port
ion
of
cita
tions
to L
ore
au e
t al.
(200
1)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Year
1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006
Pro
port
ion
of
cita
tions
to H
ecto
r e
t al.
(199
9)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Year
1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006
Pro
port
ion
of
cita
tions
to H
oop
er &
Vito
usek
(1
997)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
From Solan & Godbold 2009See also Benton et al. 2007
Percolation and credibility effects – not got to ES yet
Talk>Theory>Methods>Lab and field experiments>Observations>Application
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Moving towards ecosystem services
EF
Biodiversity Biodiversity
ES
Straightforward translation?
Rate/magnitude
Time / Space
ES ~ f(biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, environment)
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Biodiversity
Environment
B
E
Biodiversity
Environment
E
B
Revise our way of thinking
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• Distinguish the effects of biodiversity on ecosystem processes from the effects of the environmental factors
• Statistically overcome the limitations of confounding, collinear & auto-correlated variables
Biodiversity Environment
(Pearson & Rosenberg, 1978)
Dilemma #1: what contributes to ecosystem services?
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Dilemma #2: scale and context
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Dilemma #3: data resolution
Different factors contributing to ecosystem services will require different resolution
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Dilemma #4: technology, manpower and resources
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Moving to the real world?
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Sensors are developed…
And in an estuarine setting, fouling no longer an issue…
Technology exists already, but has not been used in this context….
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The Ythan-net vision: linking ecosystem services to changes in biodiversity and ecosystem functioning
Real time data coupled with ground truth survey and observation