towards more effective and sustainable resource mobilization · 2020-04-27 · head of development...
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Dr. Babatunde OmilolaHead of Development Planning and Inclusive Sustainable Growth TeamBureau for Policy and Programme Support, UNDP New York
G7 International Symposium on Food Security and NutritionTokyo, Japan, October 2016
Towards more effective and sustainable resource mobilization
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The MDGs – A retrospective
The global mobilization behind the MDGs has produced the most successful anti-poverty movement in history
Unprecedented efforts have resulted in profound achievements, saving the lives of millions and improving conditions for many more
By putting people and their immediate needs at the forefront, the MDGs reshaped decision-making in developed and developing countries alike
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The MDGs – A retrospective
MDG
PRO
GRES
S
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MDG
PRO
GRES
S Right set of policies, targeted technical assistance, institutional capacity, and adequate funding
Strong political commitment
Cross-discipline and cross-sectoral contributions toward devising and implementing specific prioritized ‘acceleration solutions’ to help countries improve the rate of progress against specific targets
Learning from and adapting solutions that have been shown to work in other countries in similar circumstances through, for example, South-South knowledge-sharing
Key parameters for success
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THE
UN
FIN
ISHE
D BU
SIN
ESS The unfinished business of the MDGs
Poverty700 million people live in extreme poverty
Energy1.4 billion people have no access to electricity
Water650 million people do not have access to improved drinking water sources
Sanitation2.4 billion people still lack access to basic sanitation services
Health16,000 children die each day before they reach the age of five, mostly from preventable causes
InequalityInequality of income and opportunities have both substantially increased
EnvironmentAcute challenges, including food and water insecurity, climate change and natural disasters
Hunger795 million people are undernourished
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• Poverty and Inequality• Demographic trends• Food security
State of the World today
SITU
ATIO
N A
NAL
YSIS
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-6-6.8
-8.8-11.5
-15.7-16.7
-18.4-19.4
-21.9-23.6-25
-25.7-27.1
-31.5-33.3
-34.5-37.7-38.3
-39.7-40.4
-43.2-44.8
-46.1-48.4
-50.2-50.4-50.9
-52.5-55.2-56.1
-61.3-65.2-66.1
-71.4-73.4
-84.3
14.30.92.4
5.89.29
4.426.1
13.38.7
7.413.7
19.726.7
15.535.2
19.927.6
31.430.7
28.723.9
30.336.5
35.415.3
17.420.9
18.618
36.858.5
31.23534.6
46.5
-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100
Uruguay
Kazakhstan
Indonesia
Montenegro
Georgia
Moldova
Costa Rica
Tanzania
Chile
Benin
Mongolia
Colombia
El Salvador
Ecuador
Niger
Bolivia
Sierra Leone
Togo
Urban poverty headcount ratio(% ofurban population)
Rural poverty headcount ratio (% ofrural population)
700 million people still live in poverty, with 75 percent living in rural areas
GRO
WTH
/ PO
VERT
Y &
INEQ
ALIT
Y
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-0.60 -0.40 -0.20 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60Guinea-Bissau
LuxembourgBosnia and Herzegovina
Russian FederationEthiopiaVietnamLao PDR
FranceMadagascar
SwedenCroatia
IndiaNicaragua
CanadaPolandTurkey
BangladeshSao Tome and Principe
Sri LankaPhilippines
PortugalSwitzerland
NetherlandsBelgium
BrazilParaguay
BelarusEl Salvador
Timor-LesteNigeria
Papua New GuineaBolivia
Malawi
CHANGE IN GINI (EARLY 2000 - LATEST)
Despite declining in many countries, inequalities remain persistent
-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70Azerbaijan
BelarusKosovo
RomaniaMoldova
SerbiaCambodia
ArmeniaCroatia
NepalEstoniaJordan
IndiaLuxembourg
LatviaSpain
MaldivesLao PDRThailand
TurkeyUnited States
Congo, Dem. Rep.Seychelles
NigeriaBeninPeru
NicaraguaVenezuela, RB
BoliviaChile
PanamaHondurasBotswana
Gini Coefficient (2013 or latest year available)
GINI
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• 7.3 billion people in 2015• Projected to reach 8.5 billion in 2030 and 9.7 billion in 2050• More than half of global future population growth will occur in Africa and Asia
DEM
OGR
APHI
C TR
ENDS
The world population continues to grow at a rapid rate
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FOO
D SE
CURI
TYFood insecurity persists
795 million people are undernourished globally
Over 90 million children under age five—one in seven children worldwide—remain underweight
Two regions account for nearly 90 percent of all underweight children in 2015—half live in Southern Asia and one third in sub-Saharan Africa
161 million children had stunted growth in 2013—one in four children under five worldwide
Vulnerability to natural disasters and civil conflict, seasonal or volatile changes in food prices, and climate change exacerbate food insecurity
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Implies that goals and targets are relevant to all governments and actors: integration Universality does not mean uniformity. It implies differentiation (What can each country contribute?)
Policy integration means balancing all three SD dimensions: social, economic growth and environmental protectionAn integrated approach implies managing trade-offs and maximizing synergies across targets
The principle of ‘no one left behind’ advocates countries to go beyond averages. The SDGs should benefit all – eradicating poverty and reducing inequalities. Promotion and use of disaggregated data is key
SDG AGENDA PRINCIPLES
‘NO ONE LEFT BEHIND’INTEGRATIONUNIVERSALITY
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WHAT IS DIFFERENT?
The 2030 Agenda is ‘indivisible’ – countries should avoid ‘cherry picking’ goals. It is important to assess the interlinkages across goals and targets.
The considered ‘sweet spot’ areas are limited.Countries need to carefully assess the ‘trade-offs’ across goals/targets.
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Domestic public resources
Domestic and international
private business and finance
International development cooperation
International trade
Debt and debt sustainability
Financing mechanisms
in the Addis
Ababa Action
Agenda
RESOURCES AND PARTNERSHIPS
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Addis Ababa Action Agenda Commitments: A Snapshot
© UNDP – 2016 HLPF Training – ‘Getting ready to implement the 2030 Agenda’
• Looks systematically beyond ODA, at the need to consider all sources of finance and the need to build-capacity to make use of all resources
• Commitment to boost domestic resource mobilization
• Commits to increase public investment for research, infrastructure and initiatives to ensure food security
• Reaffirms commitments on ODA• Commitment to curb illicit financial flows
• Recognizes the special development challenges faced by LDCs, LLDCs, SIDS and fragile states
• Recognizes the need to better prevent and address shocks and crises
• Strong emphasis on need to ensure more private finance is aligned with sustainable development aims
• Strong emphasis on multi-stakeholder partnerships
• Establishes a strengthened FfD follow-up mechanism
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FINANCING FOR DEVELOPMENT: RESOURCE FLOW
© UNDP – 2016 HLPF Training – ‘Getting ready to implement the 2030 Agenda’
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THE FINANCING ‘TOOL BOX’
© U
NDP
–20
16 H
LPF
Trai
ning
–‘G
ettin
g re
ady
to im
plem
ent t
he 2
030
Agen
da’
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THE FINANCING TOOL BOX
© UNDP – 2016 HLPF Training – ‘Getting ready to implement the 2030 Agenda’
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FINANCING FOR DEVELOPMENT: THE GLOBAL CONTEXT
© UNDP – 2016 HLPF Training – ‘Getting ready to implement the 2030 Agenda’
Domestic resource mobilization remains a challenge for some countries (e.g. LDCs, SIDS etc.)Private financial flows heavily skewedODA remains short of international commitmentsClimate funds often difficult to accessCountries remain vulnerable to shocks and crisesSome countries’ capacities to make use of financing “tool-box” constrained“Sustainable finance” initiatives still small in scaleIllicit financial flows remains a key problem
But challenges remain
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Source FinancialResult
Intermediary Instrument
Fiscal
Grant
Debt/equity
Risks
Regulatory
Market
Avoid Future Expenditures
Deliver Better
Realign Expenditures
Generate RevenueDevelopment bankODA
Private firm
Aid agency
Consultancy firm
Institutional investor
Ind./household
Financial institutionFinancial institution
Government entity
NGODomestic budget
Special purpose vehicle
FINANCING SOLUTIONS
© UNDP – 2016 HLPF Training – ‘Getting ready to implement the 2030 Agenda’