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Towards New Towards New-Generation Networks Generation Networks Towards New Towards New-Generation Networks Generation Networks - NICT’s Approach NICT’s Approach - Masayuki Murata Masayuki Murata Masayuki Murata Masayuki Murata Professor, Osaka University Professor, Osaka University Deputy of New Deputy of New Generation Network Generation Network Deputy of New Deputy of New-Generation Network Generation Network R&D Strategic Headquarters, NICT R&D Strategic Headquarters, NICT murata@ist osaka murata@ist osaka-u ac jp u ac jp murata@ist.osaka murata@ist.osaka-u.ac.jp u.ac.jp

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Page 1: Towards NewTowards New-Generation NetworksGeneration ... presentaion slides/APNOMS2… · Towards NewTowards New-Generation NetworksGeneration Networks-- NICT’s Approach NICT’s

Towards NewTowards New--Generation NetworksGeneration NetworksTowards NewTowards New--Generation NetworksGeneration Networks-- NICT’s Approach NICT’s Approach --

Masayuki MurataMasayuki MurataMasayuki MurataMasayuki MurataProfessor, Osaka UniversityProfessor, Osaka University

Deputy of NewDeputy of New Generation NetworkGeneration NetworkDeputy of NewDeputy of New--Generation Network Generation Network R&D Strategic Headquarters, NICT R&D Strategic Headquarters, NICT

murata@ist osakamurata@ist osaka--u ac jpu ac [email protected]@ist.osaka--u.ac.jpu.ac.jp

Page 2: Towards NewTowards New-Generation NetworksGeneration ... presentaion slides/APNOMS2… · Towards NewTowards New-Generation NetworksGeneration Networks-- NICT’s Approach NICT’s

Contents• Vision of NICT towards New-Generation

N t kNetworks– How do we reach the new-generation

k ?networks?– Example of R&D plans for new-generation

networks• Network Architecture for New-Generation

Networks– AKARI at NICT as an architecture exampleAKARI at NICT as an architecture example– Self-organizing networks & bio-inspired

approachesapproaches

M. Murata 2

Page 3: Towards NewTowards New-Generation NetworksGeneration ... presentaion slides/APNOMS2… · Towards NewTowards New-Generation NetworksGeneration Networks-- NICT’s Approach NICT’s

Why IP Succeeded?

• Hourglass Paradigm– Everything on IP, IP on Everything

email WWW VOIP• KISS Principle– “Keep It Simple, Stupid” by David S.

Isenberg

email WWW VOIP...

SMTP HTTP RTP...

TCP UDP– Today’s optimization is tomorrow’s

bottleneck• Simple network layer: service is

TCP UDP…

IPp yrealized at the end-hosts– Scalable and robust communication– Adaptable to unpredictable new

Ethernet PPP…

CSMA SONET WDMAdaptable to unpredictable new applications

– Source of disruptive innovation

CSMA SONET WDM...

copper fiber radio...

M. Murata 3

Hourglass Paradigm by Deering

Page 4: Towards NewTowards New-Generation NetworksGeneration ... presentaion slides/APNOMS2… · Towards NewTowards New-Generation NetworksGeneration Networks-- NICT’s Approach NICT’s

IP is Really Simple?

Small Devices

UniversalAccess

UbiquitousAccess

Overlay N t k

email WWW VOIP...

SMTP HTTP RTP

Devices

Necessary functions incrementally added

NetworkSMTP HTTP RTP...

TCP UDP… Mobile IP

HierarchicalAddressing

IP

Ethernet PPPMPLS/GMPLS

IPSecRSVP(-TE)

NAT

Ethernet PPP…

SONET WDM...

copper fiber radio

DHCP

Multicast/Anycast

Cross-LayerOptimization

M. Murata 4

copper fiber radio...AnycastNecessary layers incrementally added

Page 5: Towards NewTowards New-Generation NetworksGeneration ... presentaion slides/APNOMS2… · Towards NewTowards New-Generation NetworksGeneration Networks-- NICT’s Approach NICT’s

Life Cycle of Innovation

me

ty, I

ncom New Technology

ctio

nalit

Improvement???

ce, F

unc

Current TechnologyReplacement

form

anc

“S-Curve”Everett Rogers, 1962,The Diffusion of Innovations

Complexity, Cost, Time

Per

f The Diffusion of Innovations

5

Incremental Innovation vs. Disruptive Innovation?M. Murata

Page 6: Towards NewTowards New-Generation NetworksGeneration ... presentaion slides/APNOMS2… · Towards NewTowards New-Generation NetworksGeneration Networks-- NICT’s Approach NICT’s

How to Reach “New Generation Network” NSF FIND/GENIEU FP7

New GenerationNetwork (NWGN)( )

2) Incremental development with a future direction 1) clean-slate design

Virtualization) g

Present Past Next GenerationNetworkNetwork Network (NGN)

6

2005 2010 2015

M. Murata

Page 7: Towards NewTowards New-Generation NetworksGeneration ... presentaion slides/APNOMS2… · Towards NewTowards New-Generation NetworksGeneration Networks-- NICT’s Approach NICT’s

Constituents for New-Generation Networks

• Establish testbed• Promote testbed-based

i f R&D

• Architecture• Vision and technological

f ibili experiments of new R&D achievements

feasibility• Virtualization• Ubiquitous and sensor

networking gtechnologies

• Wireless• Security

Promote Strategic

R&D Plans

Promote Testbed

Infrastructure

•• Roles of ICT in socio-

Promote International Cooperation

Socio-economical

assessments

• Competition and cooperation

• International

economical problems• Roles for sustainable

society• Future information • International

standardization effortsFuture information society?

7M. Murata

Page 8: Towards NewTowards New-Generation NetworksGeneration ... presentaion slides/APNOMS2… · Towards NewTowards New-Generation NetworksGeneration Networks-- NICT’s Approach NICT’s

NICT’s New-Generation Network R&D Strategic Headquartersg qhttp://nwgn.nict.go.jp/

New-Generation Network R&D Strategic Headquarters (since Oct. 2007)

Missions• Plans mid-term and long-term new-generation network R&D strategiesg g & g• Internationally promotes R&D strategy and roadmap• Promotes effective and consistent NICT’s R&D• Human-resource development of ICT researchers and engineers

Page 9: Towards NewTowards New-Generation NetworksGeneration ... presentaion slides/APNOMS2… · Towards NewTowards New-Generation NetworksGeneration Networks-- NICT’s Approach NICT’s

Socioeconomic’s Viewpoints• ICT’s potential against social problems?

Field Technological ItemsEnergy saving/Reduction of Environmental Impact

- Power saving technology- Predict, detect, and alert environmental pollution

Disaster management - Predict, detect, and alert disaster- Protect important data, facilities, and so on

Medical care - HealthcareRemote medical care- Remote medical care

Food shortage - Improve the food-sufficiency ratio- Provide secure food

Secure life/society - Crime preventionSecure life/society Crime prevention- Accident prevention- Secure networks

Gaps - Gaps between cities and countriesSh k l d d i f ti- Share knowledge and information

Aging population - Healthcare- Care for aging people

Globalization Support global mobility

9

Globalization - Support global mobility- Support diversity

M. Murata

Page 10: Towards NewTowards New-Generation NetworksGeneration ... presentaion slides/APNOMS2… · Towards NewTowards New-Generation NetworksGeneration Networks-- NICT’s Approach NICT’s

Climate Changes

IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (AR4). “Climate Change 2007”, IPCC I t t l P lIPCC - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ChangeSRC: http://www.ipcc.ch/

10

Page 11: Towards NewTowards New-Generation NetworksGeneration ... presentaion slides/APNOMS2… · Towards NewTowards New-Generation NetworksGeneration Networks-- NICT’s Approach NICT’s

Crisis of Cultural Diversity

K

French3% Italian

1%

Web Content by Language

h

German6%

Korean1%

Other9%

Japanese6%

Spanish2%

English68%

Chinese4%

11

National Virtual Translation Center (USG) Languages of the Internet http://www.cybertelecom.org/data/content.htm

Page 12: Towards NewTowards New-Generation NetworksGeneration ... presentaion slides/APNOMS2… · Towards NewTowards New-Generation NetworksGeneration Networks-- NICT’s Approach NICT’s

NICT’s Vision for New-Generation NetworkNew Generation Network

Diversity and Inclusion

Mi i i th N ti

Diversity and Inclusion- Networking the Future -

Natural disasterfood shortage problem

• Minimize the Negatives– To establish new societal systems– Sustainable society – Minimize the environmental impact

gap between countiesglobal temperature change

gap between cities and countriesbl

p– Reliable against the disasters– …

• Maximize the PotentialTo promote increasing wisdom ofenergy problem

aging society with a low birth rateinformation explosion

l ti l i

– To promote increasing wisdom of human-beings

– Improve QOL– Promote innovation

population explosiondigital divide

– …• Inclusion

– Respect diversity of civilization, culture, personnel

– Inclusion for people, inclusion by ICT, inclusion in ICT, planet-scale inclusion, …

12

Page 13: Towards NewTowards New-Generation NetworksGeneration ... presentaion slides/APNOMS2… · Towards NewTowards New-Generation NetworksGeneration Networks-- NICT’s Approach NICT’s

Energy Problem

• Evidence– Power consumption by ICT account for 5.8% in

2006– Total traffic volume inn 2020 is estimated to be

1000 – 100,000 times larger, g– Social activities utilizing ICT consume more

energyenergy• For sustainable global society to solve the power

consumption problemconsumption problem– New network architecture not consuming the

till b t d li blpower, still robust and reliable13M. Murata

Page 14: Towards NewTowards New-Generation NetworksGeneration ... presentaion slides/APNOMS2… · Towards NewTowards New-Generation NetworksGeneration Networks-- NICT’s Approach NICT’s

Diversity of Culture, Life, Personnel• Future perspective

Mutual understandings and exchanges– Mutual understandings and exchanges irrespective of differences of culture, society, race

– Allowing diversity, and supporting socialAllowing diversity, and supporting social participation and contribution

• Impact on future society– Getting over cultural barriers – Establish global ubiquitous society

• How ICT can contribute?– Multi-lingual translation technology– Autonomous service technology– Power saving networks

S t ki t h l– Sensor networking technology14M. Murata

Page 15: Towards NewTowards New-Generation NetworksGeneration ... presentaion slides/APNOMS2… · Towards NewTowards New-Generation NetworksGeneration Networks-- NICT’s Approach NICT’s

Approach for Forming Our Strategy

Diversity and InclusionNetworking the Future

Deep Insights into Technology Value

- Networking the Future -

Minimizing the N ti New GenerationNegatives

Maximizing the

Technology Requirement for New-Generation

New-Generation Network asSocial InfrastructureCreates “New Maximizing the

PotentialNetworks Value”

Inclusion Disruptive Innovation

15M. Murata

Page 16: Towards NewTowards New-Generation NetworksGeneration ... presentaion slides/APNOMS2… · Towards NewTowards New-Generation NetworksGeneration Networks-- NICT’s Approach NICT’s

Five Challenges for New-Generation NetworkNew-Generation Network

Value-Creation

Autonomicity

Challenge

Energy Challenge

AutonomicityChallenge

Complexity Challenge

HeterogeityChallenge

16M. Murata

Page 17: Towards NewTowards New-Generation NetworksGeneration ... presentaion slides/APNOMS2… · Towards NewTowards New-Generation NetworksGeneration Networks-- NICT’s Approach NICT’s

Network Architecture Design Project: AKARI ProjectAKARI Project

http://akari-project.nict.go.jp/

EE

Future (possible) requirements from

diverse users and society

Future (possible) requirements from

diverse users and societyFlexible to adopt new i t

Flexible to adopt new i t

Design PrinciplesDesign Principles SCIE

NC

ESC

IEN

CE

No vertical division.common

No vertical division.common Network Architecture

yyrequirementsrequirements

Select, integrate Select, integrate WO

RK

SW

OR

K S

common infrastructure

common infrastructure

Network Architecture

Evolving future fundamentalEvolving future fundamentalCan enjoy fundamentalCan enjoy fundamentalProof -of-conceptProof -of-conceptFeedbackFeedback

and simplifyand simplify

NET

WN

ETW

Evolving, future fundamental technologies

Evolving, future fundamental technologies

Can enjoy fundamental technology advances

Can enjoy fundamental technology advances

TestbedTestbed

conceptconcept

All OpticalAll Optical Software RadioSoftware Radio VirtualizationVirtualization

- Optimal Integration of many components

17

- Stable enough to rely on for a long time

Page 18: Towards NewTowards New-Generation NetworksGeneration ... presentaion slides/APNOMS2… · Towards NewTowards New-Generation NetworksGeneration Networks-- NICT’s Approach NICT’s

AKARI Sustainable Architecture Principles

CapacitCapacity for

Quality

KISS (Keep It Simple, Stupid)• Crystal synthesis (select, integrate,

simplify)C l (l d )• Common layer (layer degeneracy)

• End-to-end (original Internet)

For F tReliable Future Diverse Society

Reliable Network Space

Reality Connection• ID-Locator separation

Sustainable & Evolutional• Self-* properties (emergent)

M. Murata 18

ID Locator separation• Bi-directional authentication• Traceability

• Autonomic distributed control• Scalable• Social Selection

Page 19: Towards NewTowards New-Generation NetworksGeneration ... presentaion slides/APNOMS2… · Towards NewTowards New-Generation NetworksGeneration Networks-- NICT’s Approach NICT’s

AKARI Architecture FocusAKARI Photonic Switching - Path / Packet Integration -

Q S G t d Requirements:QoS Guaranteed Requirements:- Handle different types of traffic- Peta-bps switching capacity- Tera-bps link speed (40G x 100)- 100 billion tiny terminals

ectr

um

Header Payload

Optical Circuit Switch Parallel Optical Packet Transmission

y

A,B,C,D E,F,G,H,I,J,K,L,M,N,O,P,Q,R,S,T

Wavelength

Pow

er S

pe Header Payload

Optical Wave , , ,

Sustainable in Capacity

Optical WaveSharing Optical Packet Switch

(with Fiber Delay Line)- Scalable

E S i

Keep Both QoS Assuredness & Best Effort Efficiency=> OPS + OCS (Not OPS over OCS)

- Energy-Saving

(C) National Institute of I f ti d C i ti

19

=> OPS + OCS (Not OPS over OCS)Best Effort Sustainable in Usage - Allow Usage Diversity

Page 20: Towards NewTowards New-Generation NetworksGeneration ... presentaion slides/APNOMS2… · Towards NewTowards New-Generation NetworksGeneration Networks-- NICT’s Approach NICT’s

AKARI Architecture Focus:Self-Organizing NetworksSelf-Organizing Networks

• Self-organization is a set of dynamical mechanismsdynamical mechanisms whereby structures appear at the global level of a system from interactions among its lower-

Simultaneous failures

Simultaneous failures Bad Bad interactions among its lower-

level components. The rules specifying the interactions among the system's constituent

failuresfailures

ChainChainfailures Software Software

provisioningprovisioning

among the system s constituent units are executed on the basis of purely logical information, without reference to the global

failuresfailures bug

without reference to the global pattern which is an emergentproperty of the system rather than a property imposed upon OptimalityRobust

Efficiency

p p y p pthe system by an external ordering influence. Adaptability

E. Bonabeau, M. Dorigo, G. Theraulaz, Swarm Intelligence: From Natural to Artificial Systems, Oxford University Press, 1999.

20M. Murata

Page 21: Towards NewTowards New-Generation NetworksGeneration ... presentaion slides/APNOMS2… · Towards NewTowards New-Generation NetworksGeneration Networks-- NICT’s Approach NICT’s

Four Principles for Self-Organization

• Four principle mechanisms for self-organization in bi l i l t

Positive feedback:permits evolution and

biological systems:

permits evolution and promotes creation of

structure (reinforcement)

Direct or indirect interaction among

Utilization of inherent randomness and interaction among

individualsrandomness and

fluctuations

Negative feedback: regulates influences from

i b d d t tiprevious bad adaptations (saturation, competition)

M. Murata 21

Page 22: Towards NewTowards New-Generation NetworksGeneration ... presentaion slides/APNOMS2… · Towards NewTowards New-Generation NetworksGeneration Networks-- NICT’s Approach NICT’s

Technology Requirements for New-Generation Network ArchitectureNew Generation Network Architecture

Continuously growable

Adaptive and self-organizing network Topologically-

changing network(sustainable) network changing network

Scalable network Real-time traffic Scalable network control measurements

Dynamic Interactions between and within layers

Interested in the behavior of whole system, including vertical and horizontal relations

M. Murata 22

including vertical and horizontal relations

Page 23: Towards NewTowards New-Generation NetworksGeneration ... presentaion slides/APNOMS2… · Towards NewTowards New-Generation NetworksGeneration Networks-- NICT’s Approach NICT’s

Metrics for New-Generation Networks?New-Generation Networks?

• “Beyond capacity”• Beyond capacity– “*-ties” other than mean delay, throughput, packet loss probability…

ReliabilityComplexity Availability

Manageability

Adaptability

Reconfigurability

Dependability

ReconfigurabilitySustainability

• “Quantity-rich network” to “quality-rich network”

M. Murata 23

Page 24: Towards NewTowards New-Generation NetworksGeneration ... presentaion slides/APNOMS2… · Towards NewTowards New-Generation NetworksGeneration Networks-- NICT’s Approach NICT’s

New Approach for Designing New-Generation NetworksGeneration Networks

Traditional approach

New approach

Traditional approach

i bilit

Technologically improvement

ithi f

rman

ce survivability↓

sustainability

within a few years

perf

or ↓ dependability

# of simultaneous failures, degree of environmental changes/influences of failures、

Self-organizing networks based on bio-inspired approachesOur approach

M. Murata 24

g g p ppPrinciples: interaction, feedback, randomness

Page 25: Towards NewTowards New-Generation NetworksGeneration ... presentaion slides/APNOMS2… · Towards NewTowards New-Generation NetworksGeneration Networks-- NICT’s Approach NICT’s

Bio-inspired Network Control• New emerging networks have unique characteristics

different from existing wired networksdifferent from existing wired networks• Expect to learn robustness, adaptability and self-organizing

properties of biological systemsBi l i t i t t th d t bilit t th h i i t– Biologists point out the adaptability to the changing environments, and as a result robustness in the biological systems is excellent.

• while, it is rather slowIncorporate the self organized and autonomous mechanism in– Incorporate the self-organized and autonomous mechanism in biology into the communication network

Ref The behavior of natural systems may appear unpredictable andRef. The behavior of natural systems may appear unpredictable and imprecise, but at the same time living organisms and the ecosystems in which they live show a substantial degree of resilience. (“Toward Self-Organizing, Self-Repairing and Resilient L S l Di t ib t d S t ” A M t t l T h i lLarge-Scale Distributed Systems,” A. Montresor et al. Technical Report UBLCS-2002-10, Sept. 2002.

M. Murata 25

Page 26: Towards NewTowards New-Generation NetworksGeneration ... presentaion slides/APNOMS2… · Towards NewTowards New-Generation NetworksGeneration Networks-- NICT’s Approach NICT’s

Swarm Intelligence• The emergent collective intelligence of

groups of simple agentsgroups of simple agents • Interaction in Biological Groups

– A social group exhibits an intelligent g p gand organized behavior without any centralized control, but with local and mutual interactions amongand mutual interactions among individuals

– Interactions can be: direct or i di ( i )indirect (stigmergy)

– The behavior is adaptive to changes in the environmentin the environment

– The group keeps working even if an individual fails

26M. Murata

Page 27: Towards NewTowards New-Generation NetworksGeneration ... presentaion slides/APNOMS2… · Towards NewTowards New-Generation NetworksGeneration Networks-- NICT’s Approach NICT’s

Bio-inspired ExamplesOverlay Network Symbiosis

symbiosis of different cells, organisms, groups, and species

Waveform Synchronized Data Gatheringsynchronized flashes in a group of fireflies

Reaction-Diffusion based Control Scheme for Sensor Networks

synchronized flashes in a group of fireflies

Scheme for Sensor Networkspattern formation on the surface of the body of

an emperor angelfish

Scalable Ant-based Routing Schemeforaging behavior of ants

Scalable Congestion Control for Transport Layer Protocol

Lotka-Voltera model based on ecosystems

27M. Murata

Lotka Voltera model based on ecosystems

For detailed information, visit at http://www.anarg.jp/

Page 28: Towards NewTowards New-Generation NetworksGeneration ... presentaion slides/APNOMS2… · Towards NewTowards New-Generation NetworksGeneration Networks-- NICT’s Approach NICT’s

Summary• Vision of NICT towards New-Generation

N t kNetworks– How do we reach the new-generation

k ?networks?– Example of R&D plans for new-generation

networks• Network Architecture for New-Generation

Networks– AKARI at NICT as an architecture exampleAKARI at NICT as an architecture example– Self-organizing networks & bio-inspired

approachesapproaches

M. Murata 28