towards science-informed regulatory policies andrew d. maynard chief science advisor, project on...

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Towards science-informed regulatory policies Andrew D. Maynard Chief Science Advisor, Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars (in partnership with the Pew Charitable Trusts) Nanotechnology in Perspective

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Page 1: Towards science-informed regulatory policies Andrew D. Maynard Chief Science Advisor, Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies Woodrow Wilson International

Towards science-informed regulatory policies

Andrew D. MaynardChief Science Advisor, Project on Emerging NanotechnologiesWoodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars (in partnership with the Pew Charitable Trusts)

Nanotechnology in Perspective

Page 2: Towards science-informed regulatory policies Andrew D. Maynard Chief Science Advisor, Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies Woodrow Wilson International

Dr Roger Angel, University of Arizona

Page 3: Towards science-informed regulatory policies Andrew D. Maynard Chief Science Advisor, Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies Woodrow Wilson International

RelevanceDivergence

Adaptation

Page 4: Towards science-informed regulatory policies Andrew D. Maynard Chief Science Advisor, Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies Woodrow Wilson International

Deviating from the norm - what makes nanotechnology different?

Divergence:Nanotechnology Oversight

Page 5: Towards science-informed regulatory policies Andrew D. Maynard Chief Science Advisor, Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies Woodrow Wilson International

nano:

at the nanometer scale

Richard Smalley

The

art and science

of building stuffthat does stuff

Page 6: Towards science-informed regulatory policies Andrew D. Maynard Chief Science Advisor, Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies Woodrow Wilson International

StrangenessSmallness

Sophistication

Page 7: Towards science-informed regulatory policies Andrew D. Maynard Chief Science Advisor, Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies Woodrow Wilson International

SmallnessSmallness

Gets you to new placesGets you to new places

Page 8: Towards science-informed regulatory policies Andrew D. Maynard Chief Science Advisor, Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies Woodrow Wilson International

Gets you to new placesGets you to new places

SilverSmall

Suffocated bugs

Sweet feet

SmallnessSmallness

Page 9: Towards science-informed regulatory policies Andrew D. Maynard Chief Science Advisor, Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies Woodrow Wilson International

Woof!Miaow

StrangenessStrangeness

Behaves in unexpected waysBehaves in unexpected ways

Conce

pt:

Vic

ki C

olv

in

Page 10: Towards science-informed regulatory policies Andrew D. Maynard Chief Science Advisor, Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies Woodrow Wilson International

Lycurgus Cup

StrangenessStrangeness

Behaves in unexpected waysBehaves in unexpected ways

Page 11: Towards science-informed regulatory policies Andrew D. Maynard Chief Science Advisor, Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies Woodrow Wilson International

©F

elic

e F

ran

kel

11

Cadmium Selenide

“Quantum Dots”

Smallest

Largest

Page 12: Towards science-informed regulatory policies Andrew D. Maynard Chief Science Advisor, Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies Woodrow Wilson International

Nath

an

Saw

aya

SophisticationSophistication

Increasingly complexIncreasingly complex

Page 13: Towards science-informed regulatory policies Andrew D. Maynard Chief Science Advisor, Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies Woodrow Wilson International

SophisticationSophistication

Increasingly complexIncreasingly complex

Page 14: Towards science-informed regulatory policies Andrew D. Maynard Chief Science Advisor, Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies Woodrow Wilson International

Divergence:Nanotechnology Oversight

“Conventional” technologies, unconventional behavior

Novel technologies, unexpected behavior

New behavior, unanticipated risks?

Issues:

Page 15: Towards science-informed regulatory policies Andrew D. Maynard Chief Science Advisor, Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies Woodrow Wilson International

When does “different” mean “dangerous?”

Relevance:Nanotechnology Oversight

Page 16: Towards science-informed regulatory policies Andrew D. Maynard Chief Science Advisor, Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies Woodrow Wilson International

Over 800 listed manufacturer-identified nanotech consumer products: www.nanotechproject.org/consumerproducts

I wish spilt red wine would run off my pants without staining

I wish spilt red wine would run off my pants without staining

I wish my sunscreen wasn’t so unsightly

I wish my sunscreen wasn’t so unsightly

I wish my tennis racquet was lighter and stronger

I wish my tennis racquet was lighter and stronger

I wish my socks didn’t smell so much!

I wish my socks didn’t smell so much!

I wish I could keep leftovers for longer, before they go off

I wish I could keep leftovers for longer, before they go off

I wish I could get more songs on my iPod

I wish I could get more songs on my iPod

Nanotechnology:Adding value to products

Page 17: Towards science-informed regulatory policies Andrew D. Maynard Chief Science Advisor, Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies Woodrow Wilson International

Nanoparticles Nanoparticles

AgglomeratesAgglomerates

Aerosolized suspensionsAerosolized suspensions

ComminutionComminution

Degradation/Failure

Degradation/Failure

Unintentional use Unintentional use

Maynard and Kuempel (2005), J. Nanopart. Res. 7(6) 587-614

Nanoscale materials & products:Where exposure and hazard matter

Page 18: Towards science-informed regulatory policies Andrew D. Maynard Chief Science Advisor, Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies Woodrow Wilson International

Where exposure occurs

Where unanticipated harm could occur

Where existing regulations are weak

Focus:

Relevance:Nanotechnology Oversight

Page 19: Towards science-informed regulatory policies Andrew D. Maynard Chief Science Advisor, Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies Woodrow Wilson International

Bridging the gap between what we do, and what we need to do

Adaptation:Nanotechnology Oversight

Page 20: Towards science-informed regulatory policies Andrew D. Maynard Chief Science Advisor, Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies Woodrow Wilson International

Measurement...

Page 21: Towards science-informed regulatory policies Andrew D. Maynard Chief Science Advisor, Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies Woodrow Wilson International

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HBIIrJuBSto

Page 22: Towards science-informed regulatory policies Andrew D. Maynard Chief Science Advisor, Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies Woodrow Wilson International

2222

Same Chemistry

Potentially Different Risksnano-ZnO, Wang et al., Georgia Tech

Page 23: Towards science-informed regulatory policies Andrew D. Maynard Chief Science Advisor, Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies Woodrow Wilson International

250 nm particles

25 nm particles

Mass Concentration

Oberdörster, G., Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London Series A 358 (1775), 2719-2740, 2000

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

10 100 1000 104

Inflammatory Response (% PMN)

Particlulate Mass (μ )g

Structure-related hazardTiO2 Instillation in Rats

Page 24: Towards science-informed regulatory policies Andrew D. Maynard Chief Science Advisor, Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies Woodrow Wilson International

ww

w.c

hara

cteri

zati

on

matt

ers

.org

Page 25: Towards science-informed regulatory policies Andrew D. Maynard Chief Science Advisor, Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies Woodrow Wilson International

Novel Behavior...

Page 26: Towards science-informed regulatory policies Andrew D. Maynard Chief Science Advisor, Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies Woodrow Wilson International

Structure-related hazard: Translocation Translocation following inhalation - Nose to Brain

(Based on Oberdörster, G., et al. (2004), Inhal. Toxicol. 16 (6-7), 437-445)

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1 3 5 7

CerebellumCerebrumLungOlfactory Bulb

Days

Sig

nifi

cant

Data

Page 27: Towards science-informed regulatory policies Andrew D. Maynard Chief Science Advisor, Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies Woodrow Wilson International

beta-2 microgobulin

fibrillated protein

Linse, S., C. Cabaleiro-Lago, W.-F. Xue, I. Lynch, S. Lindman, E. Thulin, S. E. Radford and K. A. Dawson (2007). "Nucleation of protein fibrillation by nanoparticles." Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 104: 8691-8696.

Linse, S., C. Cabaleiro-Lago, W.-F. Xue, I. Lynch, S. Lindman, E. Thulin, S. E. Radford and K. A. Dawson (2007). "Nucleation of protein fibrillation by nanoparticles." Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 104: 8691-8696.

100

1000

104

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500

Fibrillation

(Thioflavin T Fluorescence)

Time / min

β2m without nanoparticles

β2m with 200 nm particles(85:15 copolymer)

β2m with 70 nm particles(85:15 copolymer)

Scale-specific hazard: Form Interfering with biology at the nanoscale

Page 28: Towards science-informed regulatory policies Andrew D. Maynard Chief Science Advisor, Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies Woodrow Wilson International
Page 29: Towards science-informed regulatory policies Andrew D. Maynard Chief Science Advisor, Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies Woodrow Wilson International

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

Les

ion

Are

a (m

m2 /m

m)

VEH

NPCB SFANT ta

ng1

NT tang2

LFANT lo

ng1

NT long2

Long fibers present

Short or tangled fibers present

***

***

***

AsbestosAsbestos

Carbon NanotubesCarbon Nanotubes

5 µm

Carbon nanotubes that look like harmful asbestos fibers, behave like harmful asbestos fibers

Poland, C. A., R. Duffin, I. Kinloch, A. Maynard, W. A. H. Wallace, A. Seaton, V. Stone, S. Brown, W. MacNee and K. Donaldson (2008). "Carbon nanotubes introduced into the abdominal cavity of mice show asbestos-like pathogenicity in a pilot study." Nature Nanotechnology doi:10.1038/nnano.2008.111.

Sou

rce:

Cra

ig P

ola

nd

Carbon nanotubes: Possible Risks?Fiber-like behavior

Page 30: Towards science-informed regulatory policies Andrew D. Maynard Chief Science Advisor, Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies Woodrow Wilson International

Safe Use...

Page 31: Towards science-informed regulatory policies Andrew D. Maynard Chief Science Advisor, Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies Woodrow Wilson International

House Science Subcommittee on Research & Science EducationOctober 31 2007

House Science Subcommittee on Research & Science EducationOctober 31 2007

Page 32: Towards science-informed regulatory policies Andrew D. Maynard Chief Science Advisor, Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies Woodrow Wilson International

Across the material & product life cycleAcross the material & product life cycle

Adaptation:Nanotechnology Oversight

Know what you have

Know what it does

Know how to handle it

Strategic steps:

Page 33: Towards science-informed regulatory policies Andrew D. Maynard Chief Science Advisor, Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies Woodrow Wilson International

Nature Vol. 444/16

November 2006

Page 34: Towards science-informed regulatory policies Andrew D. Maynard Chief Science Advisor, Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies Woodrow Wilson International
Page 35: Towards science-informed regulatory policies Andrew D. Maynard Chief Science Advisor, Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies Woodrow Wilson International

Andrew D. Maynard PhDChief Science Advisor

Project on Emerging NanotechnologiesWoodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars

Tel: +1 202 691 4311Email: [email protected]

Web: www.nanotechproject.org

Writing on emerging technologies at:

http://2020science.org