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Towards Sustainability Green Building Sustainability Objectives and Building America Whole House Systems Research Research Report - 0801 February-2008 Building Science Corporation

Abstract

Green building is growing up in the United States

RR-0801 Towards Sustainability-Green Building Sustainability Objectives and Building America Whole House Systems Research

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Towards Sustainability Green Building Sustainability Objectives and Building

America Whole House Systems Research

This paper discusses Building America whole house systems research within the broad effort to

reduce or eliminate the environmental impact of building and provides specific recommendations

for future Building America research based on Building Science Corporationrsquos experience with several recent projects involving green home building programs

Part 1 ldquoGreen Building and Sustainabilityrdquo offers a working distinction between the terms lsquogreenrsquo and lsquosustainablersquo and identifies a framework of green building objectives Building

America research is then compared to national green building programs based on these green

building objectives Although Building America research goals are found to not address some

aspects of green building the program is found to excel in core areas including energy efficiency durability and indoor environmental quality Further the program is characterized as lsquovery

progressiversquo with regards to longer-term sustainability objectives based on its commitment to

rigorous research focus on industry transformation and study of the environmental impact of energy use in a broad context

Part 2 ldquoGreen Building and Building America Whole House Systems Researchrdquo discusses

BSCrsquos past experience and current projects involving one national green building program Eight observations with relevance for future work involving green building programs are put forward

1 Building America research goals do not address all green building objectives

2 Green building objectives should be addressed as early as possible in the design process 3 Green goals can assist project visibility

4 Building America research enables green building

5 Collaborative efforts with green building programs can encourage market transformation 6 Conflicting project goals must be managed

7 Maintaining objectivity and neutrality in technical recommendations may be difficult

8 Green building programs can offer an effective method of on-site quality assurance

Following these observations four primary recommendations are made

1 Understand the context ndash Building America teams should be aware of how their research

efforts relate all major green building programs and most importantly to the sustainable design objectives outlined in Part 1

2 Maintain objectivity ndash A clear view of Building America research goals must be

maintained despite the apparent compatibility with major green building programs

3 Engage builders in green home building activity ndash Despite the likely challenges Building America teams should use green building programs to secure builder commitment to

advanced research and promote project visibility

4 Broaden scope ndash While emphasizing a depth of knowledge and experience Building America teams should be open about the limited scope of BA research goals and seek to

support the same rigorous approach in other areas of green building activity

With due consideration given to the recommendations above Building America research is found

to be well positioned to derive mutual benefits from continued involvement with green building

programs to move the residential housing industry towards sustainability

1


OVERVIEW AND TASK DESCRIPTION

The Subcontractor shall prepare at least three technical papers for submission to an appropriate

major technical conference or journal describing the teamrsquos overall results from whole-house

systems engineering research studies The paper shall discuss the most promising advanced

building system approaches to achieve 40-50 savings in residential space conditioning hot water and lighting loads relative to the Benchmark The paper shall clearly identify the

appropriate climate building type and building systems addressed by the recommendations The

paper shall summarize the building science knowledge and quality control tools that are required to successfully implement building design recommendations The paper shall include examples of

successful system solutions examples of common mistakes to be avoided and basic information

about the potential impacts of making changes in the example solutions The paper may be

distributed through the DOE Building America Program Internet web site and hard copy format The papers shall be delivered directly to the NREL Technical Monitor for peer review at least two

weeks before the conference or journal submission deadline

2


INTRODUCTION

Green building is becoming part of daily life in the residential construction industry Over the

past few years the industry has seen a nationwide surge in green building programs for new

housing Consumers are being educated about the benefits of green building product

manufacturers are increasingly aware of the environmental benefits of their products builders are learning about new techniques and technologies that purport to reduce environmental impact and

lenders insurers municipalities code officials and design professionals are reinterpreting their

roles in terms of green design objectives Green building is growing up in the United States

Such widespread change often creates uncertainty - knowing what to ask for and what to provide

is a challenge Homeownersrsquo concern for green building issues is becoming more intense and

sophisticated as their knowledge of environmental problems and possible solutions increases Unlike mature industry products however residential green buildings are not themselves ready-

made tested and accepted Builders must sell the environmental attributes of their products

inside the market conditions established by consumer demand while at the same time adjusting methods of design procurement and construction to meet changing standards Green building is

risky business

Such widespread change and the associated risks of course also create opportunity The

combination of a changing marketplace and ldquoexternalrdquo ecological and social imperatives presents

the residential construction industry with an opportunity to offer a new valuable contribution to

society and to make the internal changes to do so in a profitable way Moreover a rigorous understanding of environmental issues and the known responses to them is likely to be required if

the United States is to address the current environmental problems in a meaningful and timely

way

For more than a decade the US Department of Energyrsquos Building America research program

has been working at the center of efforts to shepherd in this transformation of the residential building industry Under the mantle ldquoResearch Towards Zero Energyrdquo there has been a strong

overlap between the programrsquos research objectives and the fundamental concerns of the green

building movement ndash key green concepts like energy and resource efficiency durability and

indoor air quality are core components of the Building America program Building America interdisciplinary research teams have been leaders in developing knowledge and experience in

these areas and communicating the results to a nationwide audience in the residential

homebuilding industry

This paper first discusses the broad context for action to reduce or eliminate the environmental

impact of building making distinctions between the terms lsquogreen buildingrsquo and lsquosustainable

buildingrsquo and providing a framework for understanding the many and overlapping environmental issues National and international green building programsmdashincluding the Building America

research programmdashare then compared on ldquobuilding-relatedrdquo issues and discussed relative to

sustainability objectives

In the second part of the paper future considerations for integrating other fundamental

sustainable building concerns into Building America research are discussed with recent Building Science Corporation Building America research as examples Building America whole house

research is described as being both well positioned to support sustainable building and limited in

scope relative to several national green building programs

3


PART 1 GREEN BUILDING AND SUSTAINABILITY

11 Understanding Green Building and Sustainability

The terms lsquogreenrsquo and lsquosustainablersquo are often used interchangeably but there are fundamental

differences between them In a clear understanding of these differences lies the key to understanding the broad range of theories agendas programs regulations technologies and

techniques that are confusingly put together under the mantle of lsquosustainable buildingrsquo

In its most general sense lsquogreen buildingrsquo is a label for the process of design and construction

which aims to produce buildings that are less damaging to the environmentmdashand the people that

use themmdashthan most buildings currently built today These buildings must be measurably less

damaging in significant ways of course and unfortunately there are many examples of lsquogreenrsquo buildings that purport to be less damaging without supporting measurements or that otherwise

claim to be have integrated environmental concerns without addressing the most significant

issues

lsquoSustainable buildingrsquo however refers more precisely to the goal of designing and constructing

buildings that have no net impact on the environment such that a total built environment composed of similar buildings could co-exist with the worldrsquos ecological balance indefinitely

Green building then focuses on incremental steps to solve known and measurable problems with

our current practice whereas sustainable building seeks models for an unidentified future state of society Each term describes a distinct approach Most of the environmentally responsible

construction practiced today falls into the first category ndash we have few if any examples of

sustainable buildings according to the above definition

There are two important details that explain confusion about the fundamental difference between

lsquogreenrsquo and lsquosustainablersquo The first is that environmental action as a whole is made up of many

varied and sometimes competing objectives which are pursued by different people or groups according to different timeframes and under different conceptions of the environmental problem

itself The second is that the environmental problem addressed by lsquogreenrsquo or lsquosustainablersquo design

is really an amalgam of issues each affecting our society on different levels from the global to the personal each therefore considered more or less important by different people and each one

more or less well understood in its internal complexities and external interactions

Common misconceptions about the purpose of sustainable building efforts in the residential

building industry and marketplace can be attributed to this lack of clarity about objectives

Understanding these competing objectives and concerns is a therefore necessary part of

understanding how to do lsquogreenrsquo and lsquosustainablersquo design A framework to help unwind these issues is discussed in the following section

12 The Ecological Crisis and Environmental Concerns

The major environmental concerns that relate to sustainable building along with the groups

having special interest are listed in Table 11 below While each concern impacts the others in

some way and although each group listed may have multiple areas of interest the concerns presented tend to be treated by these groups as emblematic of their purpose

4


Table 11 Environmental Concerns Impacts and Building-related Issues

Environmental Concern

Climate Change

Loss of Biodiversity

Habitat Destruction

Aesthetic Impact

Depletion of Non-renewable

Resources

Pollution of Air Earth and Water

Poverty

Scale of Effect

Global Regional

Global Regional Local

Regional Local


Regional Local


Timeframe

Centuries

Years Centuries

Years

Centuries Years

Years Days

Years Days

Building-related Issues

-Global Ecological Impact -Energy Efficiency -Land Use

-Materials and Resource Efficiency -Social Transformation

-Land Use -Water Management -Global Ecological Impact

-Social Transformation

-Land Use -Water Management

-Materials and Resource Efficiency -Community Development -Social Transformation

-Durability -Materials and Resource Efficiency

-Energy Efficiency -Social Transformation

-Design and Delivery Process -Land Use -Durability

-Indoor Environmental Quality -Water Management -Materials and Resource Efficiency


-Affordability -Design and Delivery Process

-Durability -Energy Efficiency -Community Development

Concerned Groups

Widespread

Municipalities Individuals


National Level Industry


Widespread

The ldquoenvironmental concernsrdquo identified in the matrix above are the context for green building

activity Each addresses particular aspects of residential design and construction that have

identifiable environmental impacts Green building efforts that address all of these concerns have a reasonable chance of successfully addressing the full range of environmental impacts of

building However the scope of activity is very wide and the degree to which these

environmental impacts can be identified and measured varies greatly

Referring back to the difference between lsquogreenrsquo and lsquosustainablersquo building it should be clear that

in tackling the challenges presented here we are primarily concerned with lsquogreenrsquo buildingmdashthat

is taking incremental steps towards understanding these complex environmental concernsmdashand that lsquosustainablersquo building would require greater knowledge and competency than is likely

available It should also be clear that an interdisciplinary approach will be required for this work

The green building programs examined in Section 13 below represent a wide range of special

interests each having particular emblematic issues It is common to find only several

environmental concerns addressed by a green building standard or system

5

RR-0801 Towards Sustainability-Green Building Sustainability Objectives and Building America Whole House Systems Research 6

13 Green Building Programs Comparison

There are more than 70 local or regional green home building programs in the United States1 but

far fewer national programs Some of these major programs were created more than a decade ago

but most were created in the last five years Table 12 below shows how various programs

compare to each other on a list of environmental issues that are typically considered important for green building

2

Table 12 Matrix comparing programs on major green building issues

Land U

se (

LU

)

Socia

l T

ransfo

rmation (

ST

)

Glo

bal E

colo

gic

al Im

pact

(EI)

Desig

n a

nd D

eliv

ery

Pro

cess (

DD

)

Dura

bili

ty (

D)

Energ

y E

ffic

iency (

EE

)

Mate

rials

and R

esourc

e E

ffic

iency (

ME

)

Indoor

Environm

enta

l Q

ualit

y (

IEQ

)

Wate

r R

esourc

e M

anagem

ent

(WR

)

Afford

abili

ty (

AF

)

Com

munity D

evelo

pm

ent

(CD

)

regUSGBC LEED for Homes I II III I II I I I I III II

NAHB National Green Building Standard III II III I II I I I I II III

EPA Energy Star for New Homes II II I I III

Masco Environments for Livingreg

II II I I II II II II

GAHBASouthface EarthCraft HouseTM

III III I I II II II III

regALA Health House III II I

Architecture 2030 Challenge III I I

Passivhaus Institut Passivhaus Standard II II I I

CHBA R-2000 EnviroHome Program III III III I III II III III

DOE Building America II III I I I II I III I

Legend

I Primary focus emblematic issue

II Serious secondary consideration

III Tertiary concern or inadequately addressed

Issue not addressed by program

1 The USGBC maintains a current list at wwwgreenhomeguideorggreen_home_programsindexhtml 2 The eleven issues listed here are collected from a wider survey of green home building programs It should be noted that each of the issues could be broken down into more specific components For example Indoor Environmental Quality can be measured by the mental and physical health of the occupants and depends on ventilation pollutant sources lighting access to daylighting etc


The matrix above shows a common focus on energy efficiency and indoor environmental quality This corresponds to consumer preferences on building-related environmental issues

3 Energy-

efficiency and indoor environmental quality have intuitive benefits for the homeowner The

construction industry has a longer history of dealing with these two issues in particular than for example maximizing water use efficiency and using sustainable materials These four issues in

turn are directly related to the house itself whereas community development and land use for

example have less direct connections More complicated issues such as contribution to climate change and loss of biodiversity may have more dire consequences in the long term but how the

design construction and use of the home influences these problems is more difficult to see

Another observation from Table 12 above is that beyond energy efficiency and indoor environmental quality there is little consistency between programs on the remaining green

building issues The US Green Building Councilrsquos (USGBC) LEED for Homes and the NAHB

National Green Building Standard address the greatest range of issues associated with green

building It is not a coincidence either that these two programs are the newest of the programs in

the comparison By the time the programs were introducedmdashin 2005 and 2006 respectivelymdashgeneral knowledge about green building had risen significantly and the list of green

building concerns was well established

Older programs such as the Canadian Home Builderrsquos Associationrsquos (CHBA) R-2000 and DOEEPArsquos ENERGY STAR programs were developed as advanced housing programs focused

on energy efficiency and related durability issues Both of these programs were later revised and

expanded to include a broader range of issues

Several programs also show a limited focus The American Lung Association (ALA) Health

House program is focused primarily on the quality of the indoor environmental for example ndash

an obvious special interest given that organizationrsquos mandate Although not a complete green

building program the Architecture 2030 Challenge is important in that it very aggressively sets energy use targets based on a strategy to reduce the global impact of climate change rather than

taking standard construction as a reference The German Passivhaus Institut program which is

becoming better known in the United States has a very similar focus to ENERGY STAR but sets

a more aggressive energy use target

The three remaining entries in the comparison matrix have common roots in the DOE Building

America program ndash Mascorsquos Environments for Living and EarthCraft HouseTM from the Greater

Atlanta Home Builderrsquos Association (GAHBA) and the Southface Institute were both informed

by the results of Building America research and benefited by the involvement of Building America research teams The core elements of the Building America research programmdashenergy

efficiency durability indoor air quality and affordabilitymdashstrongly overlap the core green

building issues The Building America research program also has a well-defined process for guiding innovation that makes it a leader in transforming the residential building industry

4

3 Energy efficiency and indoor air quality are the top two ldquovery importantrdquo issues in a 2006 McGraw Hill market report on residential green building 4 For similar efforts Building America was awarded NAHBrsquos Green Advocate of the Year (GroupOrganization) in 2005 httpwwweereenergygovbuildingsbuilding_americarh_0505_greenbldg_awardhtml

7


PART 2 GREEN BUILDING AND BA WHOLE HOUSE SYSTEMS RESEARCH

21 Research ldquoTowards Sustainabilityrdquo

Building America research addresses fundamental components of green building - namely

energy efficiency durability and indoor air quality Further along the conceptual divide between green buildingmdashwhich reduces our environmental impact in incremental stepsmdashand

sustainable buildingmdashwhich aims for no net environmental impactmdashBuilding America research

has strong tendencies towards the latter evidenced by a commitment to rigorous research a focus on industry transformation and study of the environmental impact of energy use in a broad

context

These characteristics make Building America research well positioned to not only interact with green building programs but to play an increasingly important role in setting direction for

research towards sustainability

The following section examines BSCrsquos experience with three projects that interacted with the

LEED for Homes rating system They are

- Ideal Homes ZEH Oklahoma City OK (2005) - BA 40 Habitat for Humanity Houses Westford and Bedford MA (2007) - BA 40 Houses Greensburg KS (2007)

For each project observations are offered which have relevance for future Building America research involving green building programs and for Building Americarsquos potentially significant

role in leading the residential building industry towards sustainability

22 Past Experience ndash Ideal Homes ZEH Oklahoma City OK

The Oklahoma City Zero Energy Home (ZEH) project grew out of an established partnership

between Ideal Homes5 and the Department of Energyrsquos Building America Program Ideal Homes

has a long history working with the Building America program and has the distinction of successfully marketing the energy efficient features of their houses Ideal has incorporated many

of the high efficiency features into their production homes and also continuously tests

incorporating new technology into the production process

In 2005 Ideal Homes completed the ZEH as part of a three-house set of prototypes testing

advanced energy efficient technology including ground source heat pumps a tankless water heater a photovoltaic system an enthalpy recovery ventilator (ERV) solar hot water de-

superheater hot water and energy efficient lighting The goal of these projects was to evaluate the

feasibility of adding any of these systems to their production homes

With the ZEH prototype the focus on integrating energy efficient technology into market rate

product at an acceptable cost yielded North Americarsquos first affordable Zero Energy Home6 The

project was a major marketing success for Ideal Homes Full descriptions of the project were featured by the Discovery Channel

7 the popular HousingZonecom website8 and in dozens of

other print and electronic publications

5 More information about Ideal Homes can be found at httpwwwideal-homescom 6 The selling price for the house was less than $200000 7 httpdscdiscoverycomnews20060531zeroehome_techtml

8


Late in the development process for this project the decision was made to participate in the USGBCrsquos LEED for Homes Pilot Program and the home became one of the first to be rated under

that system Although the ZEH was counted as a major success by Building America standards

the house achieved only a ldquoCertifiedrdquo (or lowest) rating under the LEED-H system

There were two factors that contributed to this initially counterintuitive result both of which have

some bearing on future Building America research projects involving green building programs

such as LEED for Homes


In some LEED for Homes categoriesmdashnamely Energy and Atmosphere and Indoor

Environmental Qualitymdashthe ZEH scored almost top marks Othersmdashincluding Location

and Linkage Sustainable Sites Water Efficiency Materials and Resources and

Homeowner Awarenessmdashare only partially or not explicitly addressed by the Building America program

9 Specifically the Ideal ZEHrsquos rating suffered from the following

sum Did not avoid construction on farmland (2 possible points) sum Did not address landscaping (14 possible points) sum Did not install very high efficiency fixtures and irrigation system (10 possible

points)

sum Did not follow the ENERGY STAR Indoor Air Package (although many measures were implemented as part of the BSC Building America Performance

Criteria ndash approximately 6 missed points)

sum Did not install ENERGY STAR Advanced Lighting Package or Very Efficient

Clothes Washer (4 possible points) sum Did not apply for any special Innovation credits (although the affordable ZEH

concept would certainly have qualified for one ndash 4 possible points)

In total these missed opportunities add up to 40 possible points which would have made

the difference between the ldquoCertifiedrdquo and ldquoPlatinumrdquo (highest) rating

2 Green building objectives should be addressed as early as possible in the design process

Many of the points that the ZEH did not get could have been added through purchases

made by the builder In this case Ideal Homes was committed to the development of a ZEH within market pricing and ldquopoint-chasingrdquo would have added to the cost of the

house However the cost associated with some of the missed points could have been

reduced or eliminated if attention was given to them early enough in the process Several techniques to reduce cost that are already used in other Building America projects could

have been employed These include

sum Identifying and applying cost savings as trade-offs against desired system

performance improvement costs sum Determined research effort to locate alternate products or systems with

equivalent performance characteristics employing testing and analysis where

necessary

8 httpwwwhousingzonecomarticleCA6332828html 9 Although in Building Science Corporationrsquos work with Building America there are examples of each of these area being addressed in full ndash and even cases within the LEED for Homes system where BSC and Building America publications are used as best practice recommendations (Durability Planning Advanced Framing Techniques and the Homeownerrsquos Manual)

9


sum Justification of increases in initial capital investment through life cycle costing

and clear statements of expected benefits sum Identification of minor process changes that can be made to remove obstacles to

desired performance and quality improvements

sum Use of federal state or local government incentives

sum Partnership with manufacturers and other industry stakeholders to change market conditions including supply cost and product characteristics

Some or all of the above mentioned techniques could have been employed if the LEED for Homes points had been included in the project goals and enough time had been

allowed early enough in the design process

It should also be mentioned here that although the more recent projects discussed below cite the

marketing appeal of green building programs as a primary reason for builders to pursue them this

was not the case with the ZEH completed just a couple of years before The ZEH was

successfully marketed by Ideal Homes based on the ldquoTowards Zero Energyrdquo concept promoted by the Building America program Public attention has focused on a broader definition of green

building that places Building America research objectives as a subset of issues addressed This

paper has observed (in Part 1 above) that the trend towards broadening the scope of green building has also introduced confusion and an increased risk disconnecting well-intentioned

action from the systematic study of known effective solutions

The next two projects discussed describe Building America research activities in the current

broad understanding of green building

23 BA 40 Habitat for Humanity Houses Westford and Bedford MA

In 2007 Building Science Corporation worked with Habitat for Humanity of Greater Lowell10 on

a project involving one house in Westford MA and seven houses in Bedford MA The one-and-

a-half story full basement 1800 square foot houses were designed as part of BSCrsquos research into high R-value enclosures

Based on analysis relative to the Building America Benchmark the house plan achieves 425

savings on whole house energy use The enclosure and mechanical system specification for this house is listed in Table 21 below

The Habitat plan was also designed to meet BSCrsquos Building America Performance Criteria which include requirements for the specification stage the field testing stage and further

recommended items11 The specifications include requirements for whole house energy use

ventilation flows (as per ASHRAE Standard 622) ventilation intake locations combustion safety minimum window performance standards appliance efficiency and lighting efficiency

Testing requirements are presented as well Many of these Performance Criteria have a direct

parallel in the national green building programs

10 More information about Habitat for Humanity of Greater Lowell can be found at httpwwwlowellhabitatorgindexphpsection=1 11 The BSC Building America Performance Criteria can be found at httpwwwbuildingscienceconsultingcombuildingamericatargetshtm

10


Table 21 WestfordBedford MA Habitat for Humanity House Technology Package

Building enclosure

Ceiling R-26 4 polyisocyanurate on roof deck (x2 2 layers)

with R-40 loose-fill cellulose (2x12 bays 1125)

Walls R-19 2x6 OVE frame w R-26 4 polyiso (x2 2 layers)

Foundation Basement R-26 4 polyiso walls (x2 2 layers)

Windows Double Pane Vinyl Spectrally Selective LoE_

U=033 SHGC=040 (minimum requirements)

Infiltration 25 sq in leakage area per 100 sf envelope

1127 CFM 50 (36 ACH 50) Plan 1

Mechanical systems

Heat 92 AFUE gas furnace

Cooling 14 SEER air conditioner split system

DHW 085 EF water heater (eg instantaneous)

Ducts R-42 flex runouts in conditioned space

Leakage none to outside (5 or less)

Ventilation Aprilaire VCS 8126 or similar supply-only system

integrated with AHU 25 W system power

50 CFM 33 Duty Cycle 10 minutes on 20 minutes off

Return Pathways Transfer grillesjump ducts at bedrooms

PV System no information

Solar Hot Water no information

For the Habitat group green building was pursued primarily as a means of generating interest in

the project and securing funding For Habitat secure project funding must be resolved before

construction can begin Being able to generate excitement and at the same time improving the quality of the house delivered to the homeowner makes advanced housing an attractive prospect

In this case a target rating of LEED-H ldquoCertifiedrdquo was set after work was started on the BA

plans

BSC conducted a preliminary and unofficial LEED for Homes rating on the house plans making

the following assumptions sum No points were taken for Sustainable Sites credits (ie landscaping) with the exception

of non-toxic pest control measures which are part of the BSC Building America

Performance Criteria

sum No points were taken for Water Efficiency credits and sum Prerequisites were assumed to be met in all cases

For the 1800 square foot 5-bedroom example house plan the proposed technology package scored 48 points which would meet the ldquoCertifiedrdquo level of the LEED for Homes rating system

(for the preliminary rating the points threshold for Certified was 38 and for Silver was 53)

Appendix A includes the detailed checklist LEED-H rating but a summary is included here sum 7 of 10 points for Location and Linkages given for the characteristics of the building site

sum 22 of 38 points for Energy and Atmosphere based on an anticipated HERS index of 65

and an efficient plumbing layout

sum 4 of 14 points for Materials and Resources taken for advanced framing techniques and reduced construction waste

11


sum 9 of 20 points for Indoor Environmental Quality received for improved ventilation and

combustion safety and sum 6 additional points for design process and durability measures

A number of additional measures were suggested to complement the Building America core areas

of focus and meet minimum point totals in the Water Efficiency category An additional 15-25 points could be achieved by these suggestions which included low environmental impact

landscaping environmentally preferable construction materials and finishes commissioning and

performance testing and homeowner education

With the 48 ldquobaserdquo points for the Building America technology package and the suggested

additional measures the proposed LEED for Homes rating was revised to the ldquoGoldrdquo level with ldquoPlatinumrdquo being within range

The BSC experience with the WestfordBedford MA Habitat for Humanity houses offers

important lessons for future Building America research projects

1 Green goals can assist project visibility

For the Habitat houses the interest generated by the green objectives contributed to the

financial viability of the project Habitat for Humanity has special requirements in this

respect that are not shared by production builders However increased media exposure in a tight building market would be an obvious advantage for most builders For Building

America research the opportunity to assist builders in developing competency in this

area may help secure builder commitment for future research projects

The WestfordBedford MA project also provided a platform for Building America

Industry Partners to showcase products and systems with green characteristics

Supporting this interest with Industry Partners can be directly compatible with Building America research goals

It is important to note that advanced housing technology through the Building America

program was initially sought after by the Lowell Habitat group as both a learning experience for the organization and for increased public exposure ndash both justified by

perceived value for the organization The LEED-H rating was an effective add-on to this

initial strategy The somewhat greater value perceived in pursuing the LEED-H rating reflects an implicit acknowledgement that the green building program was a ldquobetter fitrdquo

with the interests of funding sources for the project12


Although the goals are the Building America research program are a subset of those

typically addressed by green building standards the focus on energy efficiency resource efficiency occupant safety health comfort and durability is strongly compatible with

those standards For the Westford House the Lowell Habitat group prepared a marketing

document entitled ldquo101 Ways We are Building Greenrdquo of which more than half of the

More explicit acknowledgement was given in the acceptance of significant fees paid by the LEED for Homes Provider for the certification service (especially when the overlap with Building America research activities is considered)

12

12


features were directly attributable to the energy efficiency and durability components of

the Building America technology package

24 BA 40 Houses Greensburg KS

In 2007 Building Science Corporation participated on DOENRELrsquos residential re-construction

team in Greensburg Kansas13 The town of Greensburg was effectively destroyed in May 2007 by a tornado rated as category EF-5 on the Enhanced Fujita Scale The town and county were

declared a disaster area and many federal and state agencies (including FEMA DOE EPA and

USDA) sent response teams to the area As part of the residential team the BSC and IBACOS Building America research teams were asked to provide support for energy efficient re-

construction

Based on BEopt analysis conducted by NREL technology packages were developed to reach

30 40 and 50 savings targets BSC produced a sample plan set as a concrete and buildable

example of the 40 package and developed a Demonstration House Incentive Program (DHIP)

with Industry Partners to support the construction of 10 houses to BA specifications The DHIP technology package is summarized in Table 22 below

Table 22 Greensburg Demonstration House Incentive Program Technology Package

Building enclosure

Ceiling R-50 blown cellulose

Walls R-19 blown cellulose 2x6 OVE walls + R-75 15 XPS

Rim Joist 2 High Density Spray Foam R-12

Basement R-13 2 foil faced polyisocyanurate

Windows Double Pane Vinyl Spectrally Selective LoE2

U=~035 SHGC=~033

Infiltration 25 sq in leakage area

per 100 sf envelope

Mechanical systems

Heat 92 AFUE Furnace

Cooling 2 ton 16 SEER air conditioner split system

DHW 082 instantaneous gas water heater

Ducts Located in conditioned basement with central return on first floor


Ventilation Aprilaire VCS 8126 Supply-only system integrated with AHU



NREL residential team in Greensburg formed a mutually-supportive relationship with Greensburg

Greentown a local non-for-profit organization formed to provide residents with information and

support to rebuild Greensburg as a model green community14 Greensburg Greentown acted on

behalf of the City of Greensburg as the coordinator for town-wide events including several

13 More information about the DOENRELBuilding America residential teamrsquos activities can be found at httpgreensburgbuildingsciencecom 14 More information about Greensburg Greentown can be found at httpwwwgreensburggreentownorg

13


ldquoGreen Building Fairsrdquo and the set-up of a housing resource center as well as nationally-covered

events such as the launch of a Discovery Channel documentary of the building of a the ldquoGreenest Town in Americardquo From the outset then BSCrsquos example house plans and DHIP were

considered to be part of the larger effort towards sustainable housing in Greensburg

To demonstrate the relationship between the Building America 40 technology package and green building objectives that partner organizations were more familiar with BSC conducted a

preliminary and unofficial LEED for Homes rating on the example house plans As in the

Westford MA house described above several assumptions were made sum No points were taken for Location and Linkages credits (ie building site location)

sum No points were taken for Sustainable Sites credits (ie landscaping) with the exception

of non-toxic pest control measures sum No points were taken for Water Efficiency credits and sum Prerequisites were assumed to be met in all cases

For the 1200 square foot 3-bedroom example house plan the BA 40 technology package scored 36 points which would meet the ldquoCertifiedrdquo level of the LEED for Homes rating system

Appendix B includes the detailed checklist LEED-H rating but a summary is included here

sum 17 of 38 points for Energy and Atmosphere based on an anticipated HERS index of 65 and an efficient plumbing layout

sum 4 of 14 points for Materials and Resources taken for advanced framing techniques and

reduced construction waste sum 9 of 20 points for Indoor Environmental Quality received for improved ventilation and

combustion safety and

sum 6 additional points for design process and durability measures

The suggestion supported by this evaluation was that the Building America 40 technology

package could offer a reliable core for a green building program in Greensburg To complete the

breadth requirements for the LEED program additional measures would need to be taken in the landscaping and water efficiency areas to meet minimum point totals Including these minimums

approximately 35 points could be added to the core total of 36 by addressing reconstruction in an

urban setting on-site renewable energy generation environmentally preferable construction

materials and finishes commissioning and performance testing and homeowner education Greensburg Greentown was encouraged to organize other partnersrsquo contributions to address these

key areas By using the Building America package as a base and integrating other green building

measures the BSC Greensburg example house plan would achieve a very respectable ldquoGoldrdquo rating under the LEED for Homes system

In the course of implementing the Demonstration House Incentive Program in Greensburg several key issues were encountered that have significance for future Building America research

projects

1 Collaborative efforts with green building programs can encourage market transformation

The re-construction effort in Greensburg was an unusual situation in that all levels of

government and many other stakeholders were acting to transform the market place However the relationships that were established between groups (inside and outside

government agencies) with a sustainability agenda should serve as a model for other

open market situations In particular public interest in sustainability can be usefully leveraged to increase builder interest and commitment while BA research and support

offers much needed rational grounding for green building activities

14


2 Conflicting project goals must be managed

The relationship between BA research teams and sustainability interest groups in

Greensburg was not an easy one BA research teamsrsquo focus on cost neutrality and a

limited range of green building issues was perceived as being ldquonot going far enoughrdquo by groups hoping to accomplish more comprehensive change As a result NREL BSC and

IBACOS were forced to expend considerable effort on establishing credibility for BA

research work

An argument was made in Part 1 of this paper that BA research focuses on core areas of

green design that can be measured and verified and therefore can be known to be effective efforts to reduce environmental impact It was also pointed out that the general

level of knowledge and agreement about what constitutes green building is inconsistent

across different sectors of the residential building industry This was certainly true of the

industry cross-section of stakeholders acting in Greensburg However it would be unfair to attribute BA teamsrsquo initial hardship to othersrsquo lack of knowledge ndash DOE NREL and

BSC began work in Greensburg assuming that they contributions would be recognized as

important and valuable Given the response it is clear that some effort must be made to position BA research relative to the broader spectrum of sustainability objectives and to

demonstrate the depth of technical knowledge gained through whole house research

Another separate goals-related conflict that was managed by DOE NREL and BA

research teams throughout the project was differing interest in sustainability objectives

for both Greensburg residents and local partner builders For the part of the BA research

teams public disinterest and builder skepticism is a constant and expected challenge Through years of working with builders conducting advanced housing research BA

teams have developed effective methods of communication and technical support and a

clear understanding of issues faced by builders BA teams can also confidently discuss the value of their research for homeowners However the close linkage to sustainability

interest groups in Greenburg gave teams less flexibility in overcoming goal-related

conflicts ndash possibility at the cost of begin able to reach residents and builders wishing to

distance themselves from the green initiatives but otherwise interested in advanced housing


An objective stance towards different technical proposals for green housing in

Greensburg was challenging to maintain amid the intense marketing conducted by building material manufacturers suppliers and the general media The Greensburg green

initiative was a microcosm of the current climate in the green building industry where

objective consideration of green issues is often overwhelmed by aggressive marketing of

green products and services Charged with providing objective technical advice to residents and builders NREL and BA research teams were frequently in the position of

having to explain or contradict claims made by other groups with a different agenda or

with a product to sell The lack of knowledge amongst homeowners builders and other industry stakeholders has created a situation where those with a specific agenda are often

trying to define green building in a way that is favorable to their own interest ndash not

dissimilar to normal activity in the homebuilding industry but of particular concern for BA teams trying to orient their activity according to a broad context for environmental

action

15



Some green building programs require documented verification of specified ldquogreenrdquo

measures and require that this documentation be provided by a qualified third-party In

addition all green building programs make performance claims to homeowners that lead to a higher degree of public scrutiny Both of these factors can work to ensure a higher

level of on-site quality assurance for Building America research projects involving a

green building program

There are some important considerations however that can limit the effectiveness of this

approach For example LEED for Homes requires that a durability plan and checklist be completed but the durability measures chosen may or may not correspond to measures

recommended by Building America systems engineering If recommendations are made

early enough in the process the durability checklist can be revised to include Building

America criteria Another limitation can be the training and experience of the third-party responsible for the inspections

Some green building programs include a variety of mandatory and optional performance tests These test reports can be a useful source of information for research projects if

efforts are made to ensure that test methods used are compatible with Building America

requirements Also some optional testing (such as outdoor air flow rate and room-by-room supply ndash IEQ credits 43 and 63 in the LEED-H system respectively) could be

chosen on green building projects to support Building America research

25 Recommendations for Whole House Research

The previous discussion of BSC Building America research projects listed the following relevant

observations for future work involving green building programs




4 Building America research enables green building 5 Collaborative efforts with green building programs can encourage market transformation


7 Maintaining objectivity and neutrality in technical recommendations may be difficult 8 Green building programs can offer an effective method of on-site quality assurance

With consideration given to the context for green building proposed in Part 1 of this paper these observations can be condensed into four key recommendations

1 Understand the context

Building America teams should be aware of how their research efforts relate to all major

green building programs and most importantly to the sustainable design objectives

outlined in Part 1

Given the overlap in goals it should be considered highly likely that the majority of

Building America research work will become involved in green building programs Teams will need to be able to explain their technical recommendations relative to these

16


programs and will need to be able to provide suitable documentation to satisfy green

building program requirements Beyond this Building America teams will be expected to provide expert advice on how to best reach goals within green building programs and

to provide guidance on how to interpret the programsrsquo requirements amid competing

sustainability objectives and the normal pressures of the homebuilding industry

2 Maintain objectivity

A clear view of Building America research goals must be maintained despite the apparent compatibility with major green building programs

Although the standards set by green building programs appear to have a direct overlap with the objectives of Building America research there are significant differences that

should not be overlooked In general green building programs are developed using a

consensus approach which aims to put forward prescriptions that are clear relatively

easy to achieve and agreeable to the parties involved in the process In some cases where the development process has been less than rigorous technical requirements in the

green building program may be distorted or simply incorrect In other cases

requirements may have been reduced in complexity or potency and will fall far short of measures demanded by leading edge research Building America teams will need to

maintain an objective view despite political and technical challenges and an increasingly

prevalent ldquopoints-basedrdquo approach to whole house design

An additional caution In the Building America program there is an openness towards

new techniques and technologies that address the core objectives of energy efficiency

durability and affordability However incompatible decision-making processes driven by differences in opinion on green building objectives may make some green homes

inappropriate projects for Building America research teams

3 Engage builders in green home building

Despite the probable challenges Building America teams should use green building

programs to secure builder commitment to advanced research and promote project visibility

In each of the BSC projects discussed above significant benefits were realized for the Building America Builder Partner working with a green building program In cases

where the builder partner is already interested in advanced research especially the higher

energy savings levels Building America teams can offer the marketability of the green housing product as an added benefit of whole house systems research Recall that in

recent years the growth of major green building programs has changed conditions in the

market place so that core Building America research objectives are very likely to be

interpreted in terms of lsquogreenrsquo or lsquosustainablersquo construction ndash and as a subset of these broader issues at that

For builders that have mild or inconsistent interest in advanced research participation in the Building America program can be proposed as a proven mechanism for reaching

green building goals Specifically Building America teams can enable the transition to

green building through systems evaluations whole house energy analysis support for product delivery process change and the establishment of effective quality assurance

programs

17

4 Broaden Scope

While emphasizing a depth of knowledge and experience Building America teams

should be open about the limited scope of BA research goals and seek to support the

same rigorous approach in other areas of green building activity

Drawing upon research conducted by DOE National Laboratories and Building America

team project experience Building America research projects should be prepared toaddress water resource management and building material selection Teams should be

able to support site landscape and community development activities especially as they

impact building design and energy use In particular Building America teams shouldlend experience with systems engineering to these areas

At the green building policy level Building America teams should play a more active

role in defining effective green building activity by establishing acceptable performancelevels critiquing the environmental merits of proposed technical solutions and assisting

with the development of reliable and realistic mechanisms for industry change

CONCLUSIONS

As Building America research teams move towards higher whole house energy savings there is a

high likelihood that projects will become more involved with national or locally-based greenbuilding programs For builders green building programs are becoming an increasingly

significant part of the residential building market and this trend is likely to continue Building

Americarsquos strong focus on core green building areasmdashas well as the research teamsrsquo rigorousapproach to technology development focus on industry transformation and study of the

environmental impact of energy use in a broad contextmdashallows for connections to be made to

green building activities with benefits for all parties involved In order to take best advantage ofthis opportunity Building America research teams should consider the four primary

recommendations are made in this paper

1 Understand the context ndash Building America teams should be aware of how their researchefforts relate all major green building programs and most importantly to the sustainable

design objectives outlined in Part 1

2 Maintain objectivity ndash A clear view of Building America research goals must bemaintained despite the apparent compatibility with major green building programs

3 Engage builders in green home building activity ndash Despite the likely challenges Building

America teams should use green building programs to secure builder commitment to

advanced research and promote project visibility4 Broaden scope ndash While emphasizing a depth of knowledge and experience Building

America teams should be open about the limited scope of BA research goals and seek to



REFERENCES

2030 Inc Architecture 2030 ldquoThe 2030 Challengerdquo

httpwwwarchitecture2030org2030_challengeindexhtml

(More information about this program can be found at wwwarchitecture2030org)

American Lung Association ldquoHealth House Builder Guidelinesrdquo ALA 2006

(More information about this program can be found at wwwhealthhouseorg)

EarthCraft House EarthCraft House and Low-rise Multifamily Technical Guidelines Version

June 2005

(More information about this program can be found at wwwearthcrafthousecom)

Environmental Protection Agency ldquoGuidelines for ENERGY STAR Qualified New Homesrdquo

httpwwwenergystargovindexcfmc=bldrs_lenders_ratershomes_guidelns

(More information about this program can be found at wwwenergystargov)

Masco Services Group Corp ldquoEnvironments for Living Program Requirements and

Performance Criteriardquo wwwelfhomecom04_programspecsshtml(More information about this program can be found at wwwelfhomecom)

McGraw Hill Construction ldquoResidential Green Building SmartMarket Reportrdquo 2006 Residential

Green Building Issue

National Association of Homebuilders National Green Building Standard ndash Draft Standard

Version No 1 August 10 2007(More information about this program can be found at wwwnahbrcorggreenguidelines)

Passivhaus Institut Passive House Planning Package wwwpassivde(More information about this program can be found at wwwpassivde)

US Green Building Council LEED for Homes Pilot Rating System ndash Version 111a January

2007(More information about this program can be found at wwwusgbcorgleedhomes)


APPENDICES

A LEED-H Example Checklist ndash BA 40 Habitat for Humanity House Westford MA

B LEED-H Example Checklist ndash BA 40 Houses Greensburg KS

C LEED-H Example Durability Plan ndash BA 40 Habitat for Humanity House Westford MA


APPENDIX



Home Address (StreetCityState)

Input Values Minimum No of Points Required No of Bedrooms Floor Area (SF) Certified 38 Silver 53 Gold 68 Platinum 83

Detailed information on the measures below are provided in the companion document LEED for Homes Rating SystemAvailable

Y Pts No NA Innovation and Design Process (ID) (Minimum of 0 ID Points Required) 9y 11 Integrated Project Planning Preliminary Rating Prerequisite

1 12 Integrated Project Team 1 An integrated team is part of the BSCs Building America research

13 Design Charrette 1y 21 Quality Management for Durability Planning (Pre-Construction) Prerequisite

y 22 Durability Wet Room Measures Prerequisite

y 23 Quality Management Prerequisite

3 24 Third-Party Durability Inspection 3 These measures are part of the BSCs Building America specification

31 Innovative Regional Design Provide Description and Justification for Specific Measure 1 32 Provide Description and Justification for Specific Measure 1 33 Provide Description and Justification for Specific Measure 1 34 Provide Description and Justification for Specific Measure 1

Sub-Total

Y Pts No NA Location and Linkages (LL) (Minimum of 0 LL Points Required) OR 101 LEED-ND Neighborhood LL2-5 10

2 2

Site Selection Avoid Environmentally Sensitive Sites and Farmland LL12 The LL points are estimated based on the location

of the proposed building site in Westford31 Preferred Locations Select an Edge Development Site LL1 1

2 32 OR Select an Infill Site LL1 233 Select a Previously Developed Site LL1 1

1 4 Infrastructure Site within 12 Mile of Existing Water and Sewer LL1 11 51 Community Resources Basic Community Resources Public Transportation LL1 1

52 amp Public Transit OR Extensive Community Resources Public Transportation LL1 253 OR Outstanding Community Resources Public Transportation LL1 3

1 6 Access to Open Space Publicly Accessible Green Spaces LL1 1

Sub-Total

Y Pts No NA Sustainable Sites (SS) (Minimum of 5 SS Points Required) OR 21y 11 Site Stewardship Erosion Controls (During Construction) Prerequisite

12 Minimize Disturbed Area of Site 1y 21 Landscaping No Invasive Plants Prerequisite

22

Basic Landscaping Design

24-8 additional points could be added with an appropriate landscape design and installation (using a number of SS credits) Cost for this would vary but likely in the $2500 to $4500 range

23 Limit Turf 3 24 Drought Tolerant Plants 2 3 Shading of Hardscapes Locate and Plant Trees to Shade Hardscapes 1

1 41 Surface Water Management Design Permeable Site 4 Could be higher depending on site conditions2 42 Design and Install Permanent Erosion Controls 2 Can be included in site design

2 5Non-Toxic Pest Control Select Insect and Pest Control Alternatives from List 2

These measures are part of the BSCs Building America specification

61 Compact Development Average Housing Density Units Acre LL1 2 61 OR Average Housing Density 10 Units Acre LL1 3 63 OR Average Housing Density 20 Units Acre LL1 4

Sub-Total

Y Pts No NA Water Efficiency (WE) (Minimum of 3 WE Points Required) OR 15

11 Water Reuse Rainwater Harvesting System 4 2 additional points are likely for outdoor rainwater use A collection and storage system (about $1000)and an irrigation system (about $1500) are needed

12 Grey Water Re-Use System 1 21 Irrigation System Select High Efficiency Measures from List 3

22 Third Party Verification 1 23 OR Install Landscape Designed by Licensed or Certified Professional WE 22 4

3 31 Indoor Water Use High Efficiency Fixtures (Toilets Showers and Faucets) 3Minimum required Donations could be solicited for these products cost is in the $500 range for the house

32 OR Very High Efficiency Fixtures (Toilets Showers and Faucets) WE 31 6

Sub-Total

7

3

5

4

Project Checklist LEED for Homes

Westford MA

Habitat for Humanity Building America HouseBuilder Name

Max Points

HOLD

5 1800

US Green Building Council Version 111a

January 26 2007


Y Pts No NA Energy and Atmosphere (EA) (Minimum of 0 EA Points Required) OR 38y 11 ENERGY STAR Home Meets ENERGY STAR for Homes with Third-Party Testing Prerequisite

19 12Exceeds ENERGY STAR for Homes EA 2-10 34 Based on preliminary energy analysis

(EnergyGage)

2 71Water Heating Improved Hot Water Distribution System 2 These measures are part of the BSCs Building

America specification72 Pipe Insulation 1

1 11

Refrigerant Management Minimize Ozone Depletion and Global Warming Contributions1

If AC is not installed (ie no refrigerate used) = 1 point If AC is installed expect about $800 in additional cost for refrigerant charging

Sub-Total (or Sub-Total from Adendum A - Prescriptive EA Credits)

Y Pts No NA Materials and Resources (MR) (Minimum of 2 MR Points Required) 14y 11 Material Efficient Framing Overall Waste Factor for Framing Order Shall be No More than 10 Prerequisite

3 12 Advanced Framing Techniques 3 These measures are part of the BSCs Building America specification

13 OR Structurally Insulated Panels MR 12 2y 21 Environmentally Preferable Tropical Woods if Used Must be FSC Prerequisite

22 Products Select Environmentally Preferable Products from List 8

2-6 additional points could be gained in for this credit depending on the interior finishes and construction materials chosen BSC can prepare this specification Expect $500-1000 per additional credit

y 31 Waste Management Document Overall Rate of Diversion Prerequisite

1 32 Reduce Waste Sent to Landfill by 25 to 100 3

These measures are part of the BSCs Building America specification The waste documentation process requires effort on the part of the construction manager but there are well known ways of diverting waste from landfill

Sub-Total

Y Pts No NA Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) (Minimum of 6 IEQ Points Required) OR 201 ENERGY STAR with IAP Meets ENERGY STAR w Indoor Air Package (IAP) IEQ2-10 11

y 21 Combustion Venting Space Heating amp DHW Equip w ClosedPower-Exhaust IEQ 1 Prerequisite

2 22Install High Performance Fireplace IEQ 1 2 Can receive this credit for NOT installing a fireplace

at all

1 3Moisture Control Analyze Moisture Loads AND Install Central System (if Needed) IEQ 1 1 This measure is part of the BSCs Building America

specificationyy 41 Outdoor Air Ventilation Meets ASHRAE Std 622 IEQ 1 Prerequisite

42 Dedicated Outdoor Air System (w Heat Recovery) IEQ 1 2

1 43

Third-Party Testing of Outdoor Air Flow Rate into Home1 1-5 additional credits are possible with additional

testing done by BSC as Building America researchy 51 Local Exhaust Meets ASHRAE Std 622 IEQ 1 Prerequisite

52 Timer Automatic Controls for Bathroom Exhaust Fans IEQ 1 11 53 Third-Party Testing of Exhaust Air Flow Rate Out of Home 1 Part of the BSCs Building America researchy 61 Supply Air Distribution Meets ACCA Manual D IEQ 1 Prerequisite

62 Third-Party Testing of Supply Air Flow into Each Room in Home 2y 71 Supply Air Filtering 8 MERV Filters w Adequate System Air Flow IEQ 1 Prerequisite

72 OR 10 MERV Filters w Adequate System Air Flow 173 OR 13 MERV Filters w Adequate System Air Flow 281 Contaminant Control Seal-Off Ducts During Construction IEQ 1 182 Permanent Walk-Off Mats OR Shoe Storage OR Central Vacuum 2

83 Flush Home Continuously for 1 Week with Windows Open 1y 91 Radon Protection Install Radon Resistant Construction if Home is in EPA Zone 1 IEQ 1 Prerequisite

1 92Install Radon Resistant Construction if Home is not in EPA Zone 1 IEQ 1 1 This measure is part of the BSCs Building America

specificationy 101 Garage Pollutant Protection No Air Handling Equipment OR Return Ducts in Garage IEQ 1 Prerequisite

102 Tightly Seal Shared Surfaces between Garage and Home IEQ 1 2103 Exhaust Fan in Garage 1

3 104 OR Detached Garage or No Garage IEQ 1 3 Part of BSCs plan

Sub-Total

Y Pts No NA Awareness and Education (AE) (Minimum of 0 AE Points Required) 3y 11 Education for Homeowner Basic Occupants Manual and Walkthrough of LEED Home Prerequisite

12 Comprehensive Occupants Manual and Multiple Walkthroughs Trainings 11 13 Public Awareness of LEED Home 1 Very likely part of promoting the project

21 Basic Building Managers Manual and Walkthrough of LEED Home 1

Sub-Total

Project Totals (pre-certification estimates) 130

4

22

192IECC Climate Zone

1

Education for Building Mgrs

9

HERS Index Value Achieved

andor Tenants

Project Checklist (contd)

55

EA 12 Pts Achieved575

US Green Building Council Page 2Version 111a

January 26 2007


APPENDIX






Y Pts No NA Innovation and Design Process (ID) (Minimum of 0 ID Points Required) 9y 11 Integrated Project Planning Preliminary Rating Prerequisite1 12 Integrated Project Team 1

13 Design Charrette 1y 21 Quality Management for Durability Planning (Pre-Construction) Prerequisitey 22 Durability Wet Room Measures Prerequisitey 23 Quality Management Prerequisite3 24 Third-Party Durability Inspection 3


Sub-TotalY Pts No NA Location and Linkages (LL) (Minimum of 0 LL Points Required) OR 10

1 LEED-ND Neighborhood LL2-5 10 2 Site Selection Avoid Environmentally Sensitive Sites and Farmland LL1 2

31 Preferred Locations Select an Edge Development Site LL1 132 OR Select an Infill Site LL1 233 Select a Previously Developed Site LL1 14 Infrastructure Site within 12 Mile of Existing Water and Sewer LL1 1

51 Community Resources Basic Community Resources Public Transportation LL1 152 amp Public Transit OR Extensive Community Resources Public Transportation LL1 253 OR Outstanding Community Resources Public Transportation LL1 36 Access to Open Space Publicly Accessible Green Spaces LL1 1

Sub-Total



22 Basic Landscaping Design 2 23 Limit Turf 3 24 Drought Tolerant Plants 2 3 Shading of Hardscapes Locate and Plant Trees to Shade Hardscapes 1 41 Surface Water Management Design Permeable Site 4

42 Design and Install Permanent Erosion Controls 22 5 Non-Toxic Pest Contro Select Insect and Pest Control Alternatives from List 2


Sub-Total

Y Pts No NA Water Efficiency (WE) (Minimum of 3 WE Points Required) OR 15 11 Water Reuse Rainwater Harvesting System 4 12 Grey Water Re-Use System 1 21 Irrigation System Select High Efficiency Measures from List 3


31 Indoor Water Use High Efficiency Fixtures (Toilets Showers and Faucets) 332 OR Very High Efficiency Fixtures (Toilets Showers and Faucets) WE 31 6

Sub-Total

4


Greensburg KS

Sample Building America HouseBuilder Name

Max Points

HOLD

0

0

2

3 1200


January 26 2007


Y Pts No NA Energy and Atmosphere (EA) (Minimum of 0 EA Points Required) OR 38y 11 ENERGY STAR Home Meets ENERGY STAR for Homes with Third-Party Testing Prerequisite15 12 Exceeds ENERGY STAR for Homes EA 2-10 342 71 Water Heating Improved Hot Water Distribution System 2

72 Pipe Insulation 1 11 Refrigerant Management Minimize Ozone Depletion and Global Warming Contributions 1


Y Pts No NA Materials and Resources (MR) (Minimum of 2 MR Points Required) 14y 11 Material Efficient Framing Overall Waste Factor for Framing Order Shall be No More than 10 Prerequisite3 12 Advanced Framing Techniques 3


22 Products Select Environmentally Preferable Products from List 8y 31 Waste Management Document Overall Rate of Diversion Prerequisite

1 32 Reduce Waste Sent to Landfill by 25 to 100 3Sub-Total


y 21 Combustion Venting Space Heating amp DHW Equip w ClosedPower-Exhaust IEQ 1 Prerequisite2 22 Install High Performance Fireplace IEQ 1 21 3 Moisture Control Analyze Moisture Loads AND Install Central System (if Needed) IEQ 1 1yy 41 Outdoor Air Ventilation Meets ASHRAE Std 622 IEQ 1 Prerequisite

42 Dedicated Outdoor Air System (w Heat Recovery) IEQ 1 21 43 Third-Party Testing of Outdoor Air Flow Rate into Home 1y 51 Local Exhaust Meets ASHRAE Std 622 IEQ 1 Prerequisite1 52 Timer Automatic Controls for Bathroom Exhaust Fans IEQ 1 11 53 Third-Party Testing of Exhaust Air Flow Rate Out of Home 1y 61 Supply Air Distribution Meets ACCA Manual D IEQ 1 Prerequisite




92 Install Radon Resistant Construction if Home is not in EPA Zone 1 IEQ 1 1y 101 Garage Pollutant Protection No Air Handling Equipment OR Return Ducts in Garage IEQ 1 Prerequisite


3 104 OR Detached Garage or No Garage IEQ 1 3Sub-Total


12 Comprehensive Occupants Manual and Multiple Walkthroughs Trainings 1 13 Public Awareness of LEED Home 1 21 Basic Building Managers Manual and Walkthrough of LEED Home 1

Sub-Total



36

EA 12 Pts Achieved 155IECC Climate Zone

0Education for Building Mgrs

9


andor Tenants

4

17

654


January 26 2007


APPENDIX



Builder Name Habitat for Humanity of Greater Lowell

Lowell Habitat for Humanity - Westford MA 18 Williams Avenue Westford MA 01886

Approaches

10 Water -- Exterior SourcesLocation in Drawings Specs andor Scopes

Pre-work Acknowledgement

(Buildertrade)

Completion Acknowledgement

(Buildertrade)

Construction Verified (Rater)

11 Groundwater - Silt-protected perimeter drainage installed sub-slab gravel bed with connection to exterior perimeter drain sump system installed dampproofing installed on exterior foundation walls

Typical Wall Section Foundation Plan Specifications

12 Surface Water - Ground sloped away from building and marked on plansSite Grading Plan Specifications

13 Rain - Continuous drainage plane installed and integrated with flashings vented and drained cladding over 34 airspace on furring strips full window pan flashings building overhangs specified to shelter walls roof drainage system with appropriate deflectors and flashings used full roof shingle underlayment used Maintanence instructions included in homeowner manual

Typical Wall Section Specifications

14 Capillary Rise - Liquid-applied capillary break applied over footing to inhibit capillary rise of ground-sourced moisture from the footing into the foundation Prevents groundwater from moving through the building assembly and coming into contact with moisture sensitive materials Basement slab over non-capillary active 2 extruded polystyrene (XPS) rigid insulation over 4 stone pad (no fines)


15 Ice Damming - Ice and water shield applied to the lowest 3 of roof (shingle underlayment under remainder of roof) compact (unvented) roof design with multiple layers of airtightness (interior gypsum roof sheathing two layers 2 polyisocyanurate with staggered joints roof sheathing)

Typical Wall Section Roof Plan Specifications

20 Water -- Interior SourcesLocation in Drawings Specs andor Scopes


(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)


21 Spills and Equipment Malfunction - high risk water sources (washing machine water heater HVAC unit) all located on unfinished basement level (concrete floor water can be swept to sump) Kitchen and bath--anything Single-throw shut off valves installed for all water using appliances fixtures and equipment

Floor Plans Specifications

22 Meltwater from shoes - linoleum surfaces in entry areasFloor Plans Specifications

For each of the high and moderate risk areas indicated above list the durability responses or if none are used provide a brief statement explaining why not Add lines as needed

US Green Building Council Page 1




Approaches


30 Water Vapor Flow Location in Drawings Specs andor Scopes


(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)


31 Interstitial Condensation (Below-Grade Enclosure) - interior rigid insulation to control surface temperature air barrier not using moisture sensitive materials


32 Interstitial Condensation (Above-Grade Enclosure) - exterior insulation to control temperature of condensing surface and vapor resistance of interior paint finish (plus air barrier of interior gypsum board) Additional buffering provided by hygric mass of cellulose stud bay insulation


33 Dryable Assemblies - enclosure assemblies are designed to dry to the interior through the vapor-permeable painted gypsum board


40 Air Flow Location in Drawings Specs andor Scopes


(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)


41 Air Barrier System (Below-Grade Enclosure) - concrete as air barrier in basement sill plate sealed to concrete with sill gasket


42 Penetrations (Below-Grade Enclosure) - all penetrations (windows drains and stacks concrete control joints) are sealed with sealant andor low expansion foam

Typical Wall Section Specifications Penetration Details

43 Air Barrier System (Above-Grade Enclosure) - Interior air barrier composed of gypsum board connected via sealant to framing at perimeter and penetrations connected to rim joists and ceiling-wall interface using spray urethane foam as well as sealant and construction adhesive at joints Additional air barrier resistance provided by two layers of 2 polyisocyanurate rigid insulating sheathing with staggered joints and taped joints on exterior layer

Wall Sections Enclosure Details Specifications

44 Penetrations (Above-Grade Enclosure) - All penetrations passing through air barrier sealed to air barrier and where thermal expansion could or shifting could occur (ie vent stacks) a flexible seal has been detailed


45 Air Sealing of Intersitial Cavities - Fire-stopping and sealant are used to seal connections between interior partitions and exterior walls and behind tubs shower units and fireplaces to prevent unintentional air leakage

Typical Wall Section Enclosure Details

50 Heat Flow Location in Drawings Specs andor Scopes


(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)


51 Clear Enclosure Sections - Increased insulation levels substantially over code requirements (R-19 + R-26 = R-44 walls nominal roof R-40 + R-26 = R-66 nominal)


52 Thermal Bridging - Insulated sheathing has been specified to provide a minimum layer of insulation over all thermal breaks in the framing spray foam at rim joists to ensure continuous installed R-value constant section of roof insulation (no compression at eaves in design)


53 Control Window Surface Temperatures - low-e argon filled vinyl frame glazing units (U=035 maximum) Specifications





Approaches


60 Solar (Ultraviolet) RadiationLocation in Drawings Specs andor Scopes


(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)


No special measures required

Rationale Critical enclosure control layers are protected by cladding materials Degradation due to ultraviolet radiation does not pose a durability risk for this project

70 WildfireLocation in Drawings Specs andor Scopes


(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)



Rationale Project is situated within an existing suburban community Nearby forest areas are sufficiently separated from developed areas that wildfire does not pose a durability risk for this project





Approaches


80 PestsLocation in Drawings Specs andor Scopes


(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)


81 All XPS insulation in contact with grade (below basement slab) to be termite resistant product (eg DOW BLUEGUARD) Vented above-grade wall drainage cavity protected by insect screen

Specifications

OtherLocation in Drawings Specs andor Scopes


(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)




Towards Sustainability Green Building Sustainability Objectives and Building AmericaWhole House Systems Research

About this ReportThis report was prepared with the cooperation of the US Department of EnergyrsquosBuilding America Program

Direct all correspondence to Building Science Corporation 30 Forest StreetSomerville MA 02143

Limits of Liability and Disclaimer of Warranty

Building Science documents are intended for professionals The author and the publisher of this article have used their best efforts toprovide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered The author and publisher make no warranty ofany kind expressed or implied with regard to the information contained in this article

The information presented in this article must be used with care by professionals who understand the implications of what they aredoing If professional advice or other expert assistance is required the services of a competent professional shall be sought The authorand publisher shall not be liable in the event of incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising from the use of theinformation contained within this Building Science document

ltlt ASCII85EncodePages false AllowTransparency false AutoPositionEPSFiles true AutoRotatePages None Binding Left CalGrayProfile (Dot Gain 20) CalRGBProfile (sRGB IEC61966-21) CalCMYKProfile (US Web Coated 050SWOP051 v2) sRGBProfile (sRGB IEC61966-21) CannotEmbedFontPolicy Error CompatibilityLevel 14 CompressObjects Tags CompressPages true ConvertImagesToIndexed true PassThroughJPEGImages true CreateJobTicket false DefaultRenderingIntent Default DetectBlends true DetectCurves 00000 ColorConversionStrategy CMYK DoThumbnails false EmbedAllFonts true EmbedOpenType false ParseICCProfilesInComments true EmbedJobOptions true DSCReportingLevel 0 EmitDSCWarnings false EndPage -1 ImageMemory 1048576 LockDistillerParams false MaxSubsetPct 100 Optimize true OPM 1 ParseDSCComments true ParseDSCCommentsForDocInfo true PreserveCopyPage true PreserveDICMYKValues true PreserveEPSInfo true PreserveFlatness true PreserveHalftoneInfo false PreserveOPIComments true PreserveOverprintSettings true StartPage 1 SubsetFonts true TransferFunctionInfo Apply UCRandBGInfo Preserve UsePrologue false ColorSettingsFile () AlwaysEmbed [ true ] NeverEmbed [ true ] AntiAliasColorImages false CropColorImages true ColorImageMinResolution 300 ColorImageMinResolutionPolicy OK DownsampleColorImages true ColorImageDownsampleType Bicubic ColorImageResolution 300 ColorImageDepth -1 ColorImageMinDownsampleDepth 1 ColorImageDownsampleThreshold 150000 EncodeColorImages true ColorImageFilter DCTEncode AutoFilterColorImages true ColorImageAutoFilterStrategy JPEG ColorACSImageDict ltlt QFactor 015 HSamples [1 1 1 1] VSamples [1 1 1 1] gtgt ColorImageDict ltlt QFactor 015 HSamples [1 1 1 1] VSamples [1 1 1 1] gtgt JPEG2000ColorACSImageDict ltlt TileWidth 256 TileHeight 256 Quality 30 gtgt JPEG2000ColorImageDict ltlt TileWidth 256 TileHeight 256 Quality 30 gtgt AntiAliasGrayImages false CropGrayImages true GrayImageMinResolution 300 GrayImageMinResolutionPolicy OK DownsampleGrayImages true GrayImageDownsampleType Bicubic GrayImageResolution 300 GrayImageDepth -1 GrayImageMinDownsampleDepth 2 GrayImageDownsampleThreshold 150000 EncodeGrayImages true GrayImageFilter DCTEncode AutoFilterGrayImages true GrayImageAutoFilterStrategy JPEG GrayACSImageDict ltlt QFactor 015 HSamples [1 1 1 1] VSamples [1 1 1 1] gtgt GrayImageDict ltlt QFactor 015 HSamples [1 1 1 1] VSamples [1 1 1 1] gtgt JPEG2000GrayACSImageDict ltlt TileWidth 256 TileHeight 256 Quality 30 gtgt JPEG2000GrayImageDict ltlt TileWidth 256 TileHeight 256 Quality 30 gtgt AntiAliasMonoImages false CropMonoImages true MonoImageMinResolution 1200 MonoImageMinResolutionPolicy OK DownsampleMonoImages true MonoImageDownsampleType Bicubic MonoImageResolution 1200 MonoImageDepth -1 MonoImageDownsampleThreshold 150000 EncodeMonoImages true MonoImageFilter CCITTFaxEncode MonoImageDict ltlt K -1 gtgt AllowPSXObjects false CheckCompliance [ None ] PDFX1aCheck false PDFX3Check false PDFXCompliantPDFOnly false PDFXNoTrimBoxError true PDFXTrimBoxToMediaBoxOffset [ 000000 000000 000000 000000 ] PDFXSetBleedBoxToMediaBox true PDFXBleedBoxToTrimBoxOffset [ 000000 000000 000000 000000 ] PDFXOutputIntentProfile () PDFXOutputConditionIdentifier () PDFXOutputCondition () PDFXRegistryName () PDFXTrapped False CreateJDFFile false Description ltlt ARA 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 BGR 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 CHS ltFEFF4f7f75288fd94e9b8bbe5b9a521b5efa7684002000410064006f006200650020005000440046002065876863900275284e8e9ad88d2891cf76845370524d53705237300260a853ef4ee54f7f75280020004100630072006f0062006100740020548c002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e003000204ee553ca66f49ad87248672c676562535f00521b5efa768400200050004400460020658768633002gt CHT ltFEFF4f7f752890194e9b8a2d7f6e5efa7acb7684002000410064006f006200650020005000440046002065874ef69069752865bc9ad854c18cea76845370524d5370523786557406300260a853ef4ee54f7f75280020004100630072006f0062006100740020548c002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e003000204ee553ca66f49ad87248672c4f86958b555f5df25efa7acb76840020005000440046002065874ef63002gt CZE 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 DAN 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 DEU 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 ESP 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 ETI 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 FRA 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 GRE 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 HEB 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 HRV (Za stvaranje Adobe PDF dokumenata najpogodnijih za visokokvalitetni ispis prije tiskanja koristite ove postavke Stvoreni PDF dokumenti mogu se otvoriti Acrobat i Adobe Reader 50 i kasnijim verzijama) HUN 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 ITA 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 JPN ltFEFF9ad854c18cea306a30d730ea30d730ec30b951fa529b7528002000410064006f0062006500200050004400460020658766f8306e4f5c6210306b4f7f75283057307e305930023053306e8a2d5b9a30674f5c62103055308c305f0020005000440046002030d530a130a430eb306f3001004100630072006f0062006100740020304a30883073002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e003000204ee5964d3067958b304f30533068304c3067304d307e305930023053306e8a2d5b9a306b306f30d530a930f330c8306e57cb30818fbc307f304c5fc59808306730593002gt KOR ltFEFFc7740020c124c815c7440020c0acc6a9d558c5ec0020ace0d488c9c80020c2dcd5d80020c778c1c4c5d00020ac00c7a50020c801d569d55c002000410064006f0062006500200050004400460020bb38c11cb97c0020c791c131d569b2c8b2e4002e0020c774b807ac8c0020c791c131b41c00200050004400460020bb38c11cb2940020004100630072006f0062006100740020bc0f002000410064006f00620065002000520065006100640065007200200035002e00300020c774c0c1c5d0c11c0020c5f40020c2180020c788c2b5b2c8b2e4002egt LTH 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 LVI 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 NLD (Gebruik deze instellingen om Adobe PDF-documenten te maken die zijn geoptimaliseerd voor prepress-afdrukken van hoge kwaliteit De gemaakte PDF-documenten kunnen worden geopend met Acrobat en Adobe Reader 50 en hoger) NOR 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 POL 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 PTB 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 SKY 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 SLV 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 TUR 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 UKR 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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Towards Sustainability Green Building Sustainability Objectives and Building

America Whole House Systems Research

This paper discusses Building America whole house systems research within the broad effort to

reduce or eliminate the environmental impact of building and provides specific recommendations

for future Building America research based on Building Science Corporationrsquos experience with several recent projects involving green home building programs

Part 1 ldquoGreen Building and Sustainabilityrdquo offers a working distinction between the terms lsquogreenrsquo and lsquosustainablersquo and identifies a framework of green building objectives Building

America research is then compared to national green building programs based on these green

building objectives Although Building America research goals are found to not address some

aspects of green building the program is found to excel in core areas including energy efficiency durability and indoor environmental quality Further the program is characterized as lsquovery

progressiversquo with regards to longer-term sustainability objectives based on its commitment to

rigorous research focus on industry transformation and study of the environmental impact of energy use in a broad context

Part 2 ldquoGreen Building and Building America Whole House Systems Researchrdquo discusses

BSCrsquos past experience and current projects involving one national green building program Eight observations with relevance for future work involving green building programs are put forward


2 Green building objectives should be addressed as early as possible in the design process 3 Green goals can assist project visibility


5 Collaborative efforts with green building programs can encourage market transformation 6 Conflicting project goals must be managed



Following these observations four primary recommendations are made

1 Understand the context ndash Building America teams should be aware of how their research

efforts relate all major green building programs and most importantly to the sustainable design objectives outlined in Part 1

2 Maintain objectivity ndash A clear view of Building America research goals must be

maintained despite the apparent compatibility with major green building programs

3 Engage builders in green home building activity ndash Despite the likely challenges Building America teams should use green building programs to secure builder commitment to

advanced research and promote project visibility

4 Broaden scope ndash While emphasizing a depth of knowledge and experience Building America teams should be open about the limited scope of BA research goals and seek to


With due consideration given to the recommendations above Building America research is found

to be well positioned to derive mutual benefits from continued involvement with green building

programs to move the residential housing industry towards sustainability

1













2


INTRODUCTION












risky business






way

















3












issues





















4




Climate Change


Habitat Destruction

Aesthetic Impact


Resources


Poverty

Scale of Effect

Global Regional


Regional Local


Regional Local


Timeframe

Centuries

Years Centuries

Years

Centuries Years

Years Days

Years Days















Concerned Groups

Widespread





Widespread













5







2


Land U

se (

LU

)

Socia

l T

ransfo

rmation (

ST

)

Glo

bal E

colo

gic

al Im

pact

(EI)

Desig

n a

nd D

eliv

ery

Pro

cess (

DD

)

Dura

bili

ty (

D)

Energ

y E

ffic

iency (

EE

)

Mate

rials

and R

esourc

e E

ffic

iency (

ME

)

Indoor

Environm

enta

l Q

ualit

y (

IEQ

)

Wate

r R

esourc

e M

anagem

ent

(WR

)

Afford

abili

ty (

AF

)

Com

munity D

evelo

pm

ent

(CD

)













Legend








3 Energy-




























4


7








context
























8















points)

















necessary


9






























10



Building enclosure








1127 CFM 50 (36 ACH 50) Plan 1

Mechanical systems
















plans












11
































12

12









construction






Building enclosure






U=~035 SHGC=~033


per 100 sf envelope

Mechanical systems














13


























projects







14







research work




























action

15






























outlined in Part 1



16
































programs

17

4 Broaden Scope











CONCLUSIONS

















REFERENCES







June 2005















APPENDICES





APPENDIX













Sub-Total


2 2







Sub-Total



22








Sub-Total







Sub-Total

7

3

5

4


Westford MA


Max Points

HOLD

5 1800


January 26 2007




(EnergyGage)



1 11












Sub-Total




at all




1 43











Sub-Total




Sub-Total


4

22


1


9


andor Tenants


55


US Green Building Council Version 111a

January 26 2007


APPENDIX













Sub-Total






Sub-Total




Sub-Total

4


Greensburg KS


Max Points

HOLD

0

0

2

3 1200


January 26 2007




















Sub-Total



36



9


andor Tenants

4

17

654


January 26 2007


APPENDIX





Approaches



(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)













(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)










Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)










(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)














(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)











Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)






(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)








Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)



Specifications



(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)























2


INTRODUCTION












risky business






way

















3












issues





















4




Climate Change


Habitat Destruction

Aesthetic Impact


Resources


Poverty

Scale of Effect

Global Regional


Regional Local


Regional Local


Timeframe

Centuries

Years Centuries

Years

Centuries Years

Years Days

Years Days















Concerned Groups

Widespread





Widespread













5







2


Land U

se (

LU

)

Socia

l T

ransfo

rmation (

ST

)

Glo

bal E

colo

gic

al Im

pact

(EI)

Desig

n a

nd D

eliv

ery

Pro

cess (

DD

)

Dura

bili

ty (

D)

Energ

y E

ffic

iency (

EE

)

Mate

rials

and R

esourc

e E

ffic

iency (

ME

)

Indoor

Environm

enta

l Q

ualit

y (

IEQ

)

Wate

r R

esourc

e M

anagem

ent

(WR

)

Afford

abili

ty (

AF

)

Com

munity D

evelo

pm

ent

(CD

)













Legend








3 Energy-




























4


7








context
























8















points)

















necessary


9






























10



Building enclosure








1127 CFM 50 (36 ACH 50) Plan 1

Mechanical systems
















plans












11
































12

12









construction






Building enclosure






U=~035 SHGC=~033


per 100 sf envelope

Mechanical systems














13


























projects







14







research work




























action

15






























outlined in Part 1



16
































programs

17

4 Broaden Scope











CONCLUSIONS

















REFERENCES







June 2005















APPENDICES





APPENDIX













Sub-Total


2 2







Sub-Total



22








Sub-Total







Sub-Total

7

3

5

4


Westford MA


Max Points

HOLD

5 1800


January 26 2007




(EnergyGage)



1 11












Sub-Total




at all




1 43











Sub-Total




Sub-Total


4

22


1


9


andor Tenants


55



January 26 2007


APPENDIX













Sub-Total






Sub-Total




Sub-Total

4


Greensburg KS


Max Points

HOLD

0

0

2

3 1200


January 26 2007




















Sub-Total



36



9


andor Tenants

4

17

654


January 26 2007


APPENDIX





Approaches



(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)













(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)










Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)










(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)














(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)











Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)






(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)




US Green Building Council




Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)



Specifications



(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)












INTRODUCTION












risky business






way

















3












issues





















4




Climate Change


Habitat Destruction

Aesthetic Impact


Resources


Poverty

Scale of Effect

Global Regional


Regional Local


Regional Local


Timeframe

Centuries

Years Centuries

Years

Centuries Years

Years Days

Years Days















Concerned Groups

Widespread





Widespread













5







2


Land U

se (

LU

)

Socia

l T

ransfo

rmation (

ST

)

Glo

bal E

colo

gic

al Im

pact

(EI)

Desig

n a

nd D

eliv

ery

Pro

cess (

DD

)

Dura

bili

ty (

D)

Energ

y E

ffic

iency (

EE

)

Mate

rials

and R

esourc

e E

ffic

iency (

ME

)

Indoor

Environm

enta

l Q

ualit

y (

IEQ

)

Wate

r R

esourc

e M

anagem

ent

(WR

)

Afford

abili

ty (

AF

)

Com

munity D

evelo

pm

ent

(CD

)













Legend








3 Energy-




























4


7








context
























8















points)

















necessary


9






























10



Building enclosure








1127 CFM 50 (36 ACH 50) Plan 1

Mechanical systems
















plans












11
































12

12









construction






Building enclosure






U=~035 SHGC=~033


per 100 sf envelope

Mechanical systems














13


























projects







14







research work




























action

15






























outlined in Part 1



16
































programs

17

4 Broaden Scope











CONCLUSIONS

















REFERENCES







June 2005















APPENDICES





APPENDIX













Sub-Total


2 2







Sub-Total



22








Sub-Total







Sub-Total

7

3

5

4


Westford MA


Max Points

HOLD

5 1800


January 26 2007




(EnergyGage)



1 11












Sub-Total




at all




1 43











Sub-Total




Sub-Total


4

22


1


9


andor Tenants


55



January 26 2007


APPENDIX













Sub-Total






Sub-Total




Sub-Total

4


Greensburg KS


Max Points

HOLD

0

0

2

3 1200


January 26 2007




















Sub-Total



36



9


andor Tenants

4

17

654


January 26 2007


APPENDIX





Approaches



(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)













(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)










Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)










(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)














(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)











Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)






(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)








Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)



Specifications



(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)


US Green Building Council




















issues





















4




Climate Change


Habitat Destruction

Aesthetic Impact


Resources


Poverty

Scale of Effect

Global Regional


Regional Local


Regional Local


Timeframe

Centuries

Years Centuries

Years

Centuries Years

Years Days

Years Days















Concerned Groups

Widespread





Widespread













5







2


Land U

se (

LU

)

Socia

l T

ransfo

rmation (

ST

)

Glo

bal E

colo

gic

al Im

pact

(EI)

Desig

n a

nd D

eliv

ery

Pro

cess (

DD

)

Dura

bili

ty (

D)

Energ

y E

ffic

iency (

EE

)

Mate

rials

and R

esourc

e E

ffic

iency (

ME

)

Indoor

Environm

enta

l Q

ualit

y (

IEQ

)

Wate

r R

esourc

e M

anagem

ent

(WR

)

Afford

abili

ty (

AF

)

Com

munity D

evelo

pm

ent

(CD

)













Legend








3 Energy-




























4


7








context
























8















points)

















necessary


9






























10



Building enclosure








1127 CFM 50 (36 ACH 50) Plan 1

Mechanical systems
















plans












11
































12

12









construction






Building enclosure






U=~035 SHGC=~033


per 100 sf envelope

Mechanical systems














13


























projects







14







research work




























action

15






























outlined in Part 1



16
































programs

17

4 Broaden Scope











CONCLUSIONS

















REFERENCES







June 2005















APPENDICES





APPENDIX













Sub-Total


2 2







Sub-Total



22








Sub-Total







Sub-Total

7

3

5

4


Westford MA


Max Points

HOLD

5 1800


January 26 2007




(EnergyGage)



1 11












Sub-Total




at all




1 43











Sub-Total




Sub-Total


4

22


1


9


andor Tenants


55



January 26 2007


APPENDIX













Sub-Total






Sub-Total




Sub-Total

4


Greensburg KS


Max Points

HOLD

0

0

2

3 1200


January 26 2007




















Sub-Total



36



9


andor Tenants

4

17

654


January 26 2007


APPENDIX





Approaches



(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)













(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)










Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)










(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)














(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)











Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)






(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)








Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)



Specifications



(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)














Climate Change


Habitat Destruction

Aesthetic Impact


Resources


Poverty

Scale of Effect

Global Regional


Regional Local


Regional Local


Timeframe

Centuries

Years Centuries

Years

Centuries Years

Years Days

Years Days















Concerned Groups

Widespread





Widespread













5







2


Land U

se (

LU

)

Socia

l T

ransfo

rmation (

ST

)

Glo

bal E

colo

gic

al Im

pact

(EI)

Desig

n a

nd D

eliv

ery

Pro

cess (

DD

)

Dura

bili

ty (

D)

Energ

y E

ffic

iency (

EE

)

Mate

rials

and R

esourc

e E

ffic

iency (

ME

)

Indoor

Environm

enta

l Q

ualit

y (

IEQ

)

Wate

r R

esourc

e M

anagem

ent

(WR

)

Afford

abili

ty (

AF

)

Com

munity D

evelo

pm

ent

(CD

)













Legend








3 Energy-




























4


7








context
























8















points)

















necessary


9






























10



Building enclosure








1127 CFM 50 (36 ACH 50) Plan 1

Mechanical systems
















plans












11
































12

12









construction






Building enclosure






U=~035 SHGC=~033


per 100 sf envelope

Mechanical systems














13


























projects







14







research work




























action

15






























outlined in Part 1



16
































programs

17

4 Broaden Scope











CONCLUSIONS

















REFERENCES







June 2005















APPENDICES





APPENDIX













Sub-Total


2 2







Sub-Total



22








Sub-Total







Sub-Total

7

3

5

4


Westford MA


Max Points

HOLD

5 1800


January 26 2007




(EnergyGage)



1 11












Sub-Total




at all




1 43











Sub-Total




Sub-Total


4

22


1


9


andor Tenants


55



January 26 2007


APPENDIX













Sub-Total






Sub-Total




Sub-Total

4


Greensburg KS


Max Points

HOLD

0

0

2

3 1200


January 26 2007




















Sub-Total



36



9


andor Tenants

4

17

654


January 26 2007


APPENDIX





Approaches



(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)













(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)










Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)










(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)














(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)











Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)






(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)








Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)



Specifications



(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)

















2


Land U

se (

LU

)

Socia

l T

ransfo

rmation (

ST

)

Glo

bal E

colo

gic

al Im

pact

(EI)

Desig

n a

nd D

eliv

ery

Pro

cess (

DD

)

Dura

bili

ty (

D)

Energ

y E

ffic

iency (

EE

)

Mate

rials

and R

esourc

e E

ffic

iency (

ME

)

Indoor

Environm

enta

l Q

ualit

y (

IEQ

)

Wate

r R

esourc

e M

anagem

ent

(WR

)

Afford

abili

ty (

AF

)

Com

munity D

evelo

pm

ent

(CD

)













Legend








3 Energy-




























4


7








context
























8















points)

















necessary


9






























10



Building enclosure








1127 CFM 50 (36 ACH 50) Plan 1

Mechanical systems
















plans












11
































12

12









construction






Building enclosure






U=~035 SHGC=~033


per 100 sf envelope

Mechanical systems














13


























projects







14







research work




























action

15






























outlined in Part 1



16
































programs

17

4 Broaden Scope











CONCLUSIONS

















REFERENCES







June 2005















APPENDICES





APPENDIX













Sub-Total


2 2







Sub-Total



22








Sub-Total







Sub-Total

7

3

5

4


Westford MA


Max Points

HOLD

5 1800


January 26 2007




(EnergyGage)



1 11












Sub-Total




at all




1 43











Sub-Total




Sub-Total


4

22


1


9


andor Tenants


55



January 26 2007


APPENDIX













Sub-Total






Sub-Total




Sub-Total

4


Greensburg KS


Max Points

HOLD

0

0

2

3 1200


January 26 2007




















Sub-Total



36



9


andor Tenants

4

17

654


January 26 2007


APPENDIX





Approaches



(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)













(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)










Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)










(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)














(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)











Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)






(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)








Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)



Specifications



(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)













3 Energy-




























4


7








context
























8















points)

















necessary


9






























10



Building enclosure








1127 CFM 50 (36 ACH 50) Plan 1

Mechanical systems
















plans












11
































12

12









construction






Building enclosure






U=~035 SHGC=~033


per 100 sf envelope

Mechanical systems














13


























projects







14







research work




























action

15






























outlined in Part 1



16
































programs

17

4 Broaden Scope











CONCLUSIONS

















REFERENCES







June 2005















APPENDICES





APPENDIX













Sub-Total


2 2







Sub-Total



22








Sub-Total







Sub-Total

7

3

5

4


Westford MA


Max Points

HOLD

5 1800


January 26 2007




(EnergyGage)



1 11












Sub-Total




at all




1 43











Sub-Total




Sub-Total


4

22


1


9


andor Tenants


55



January 26 2007


APPENDIX













Sub-Total






Sub-Total




Sub-Total

4


Greensburg KS


Max Points

HOLD

0

0

2

3 1200


January 26 2007




















Sub-Total



36



9


andor Tenants

4

17

654


January 26 2007


APPENDIX





Approaches



(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)













(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)










Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)










(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)














(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)











Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)






(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)








Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)



Specifications



(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)


















context
























8















points)

















necessary


9






























10



Building enclosure








1127 CFM 50 (36 ACH 50) Plan 1

Mechanical systems
















plans












11
































12

12









construction






Building enclosure






U=~035 SHGC=~033


per 100 sf envelope

Mechanical systems














13


























projects







14







research work




























action

15






























outlined in Part 1



16
































programs

17

4 Broaden Scope











CONCLUSIONS

















REFERENCES







June 2005















APPENDICES





APPENDIX













Sub-Total


2 2







Sub-Total



22








Sub-Total







Sub-Total

7

3

5

4


Westford MA


Max Points

HOLD

5 1800


January 26 2007




(EnergyGage)



1 11












Sub-Total




at all




1 43











Sub-Total




Sub-Total


4

22


1


9


andor Tenants


55



January 26 2007


APPENDIX













Sub-Total






Sub-Total




Sub-Total

4


Greensburg KS


Max Points

HOLD

0

0

2

3 1200


January 26 2007




















Sub-Total



36



9


andor Tenants

4

17

654


January 26 2007


APPENDIX





Approaches



(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)













(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)










Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)










(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)














(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)











Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)






(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)








Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)



Specifications



(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)

























points)

















necessary


9






























10



Building enclosure








1127 CFM 50 (36 ACH 50) Plan 1

Mechanical systems
















plans












11
































12

12









construction






Building enclosure






U=~035 SHGC=~033


per 100 sf envelope

Mechanical systems














13


























projects







14







research work




























action

15






























outlined in Part 1



16
































programs

17

4 Broaden Scope











CONCLUSIONS

















REFERENCES







June 2005















APPENDICES





APPENDIX













Sub-Total


2 2







Sub-Total



22








Sub-Total







Sub-Total

7

3

5

4


Westford MA


Max Points

HOLD

5 1800


January 26 2007




(EnergyGage)



1 11












Sub-Total




at all




1 43











Sub-Total




Sub-Total


4

22


1


9


andor Tenants


55



January 26 2007


APPENDIX













Sub-Total






Sub-Total




Sub-Total

4


Greensburg KS


Max Points

HOLD

0

0

2

3 1200


January 26 2007




















Sub-Total



36



9


andor Tenants

4

17

654


January 26 2007


APPENDIX





Approaches



(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)













(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)










Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)










(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)














(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)











Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)






(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)








Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)



Specifications



(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)








































10



Building enclosure








1127 CFM 50 (36 ACH 50) Plan 1

Mechanical systems
















plans












11
































12

12









construction






Building enclosure






U=~035 SHGC=~033


per 100 sf envelope

Mechanical systems














13


























projects







14







research work




























action

15






























outlined in Part 1



16
































programs

17

4 Broaden Scope











CONCLUSIONS

















REFERENCES







June 2005















APPENDICES





APPENDIX













Sub-Total


2 2







Sub-Total



22








Sub-Total







Sub-Total

7

3

5

4


Westford MA


Max Points

HOLD

5 1800


January 26 2007




(EnergyGage)



1 11












Sub-Total




at all




1 43











Sub-Total




Sub-Total


4

22


1


9


andor Tenants


55



January 26 2007


APPENDIX













Sub-Total






Sub-Total




Sub-Total

4


Greensburg KS


Max Points

HOLD

0

0

2

3 1200


January 26 2007




















Sub-Total



36



9


andor Tenants

4

17

654


January 26 2007


APPENDIX





Approaches



(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)













(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)










Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)










(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)














(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)











Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)






(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)








Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)



Specifications



(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)













Building enclosure








1127 CFM 50 (36 ACH 50) Plan 1

Mechanical systems
















plans












11
































12

12









construction






Building enclosure






U=~035 SHGC=~033


per 100 sf envelope

Mechanical systems














13


























projects







14







research work




























action

15






























outlined in Part 1



16
































programs

17

4 Broaden Scope











CONCLUSIONS

















REFERENCES







June 2005















APPENDICES





APPENDIX













Sub-Total


2 2







Sub-Total



22








Sub-Total







Sub-Total

7

3

5

4


Westford MA


Max Points

HOLD

5 1800


January 26 2007




(EnergyGage)



1 11












Sub-Total




at all




1 43











Sub-Total




Sub-Total


4

22


1


9


andor Tenants


55



January 26 2007


APPENDIX













Sub-Total






Sub-Total




Sub-Total

4


Greensburg KS


Max Points

HOLD

0

0

2

3 1200


January 26 2007




















Sub-Total



36



9


andor Tenants

4

17

654


January 26 2007


APPENDIX





Approaches



(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)













(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)










Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)










(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)














(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)











Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)






(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)








Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)



Specifications



(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)










































12

12









construction






Building enclosure






U=~035 SHGC=~033


per 100 sf envelope

Mechanical systems














13


























projects







14







research work




























action

15






























outlined in Part 1



16
































programs

17

4 Broaden Scope











CONCLUSIONS

















REFERENCES







June 2005















APPENDICES





APPENDIX













Sub-Total


2 2







Sub-Total



22








Sub-Total







Sub-Total

7

3

5

4


Westford MA


Max Points

HOLD

5 1800


January 26 2007




(EnergyGage)



1 11












Sub-Total




at all




1 43











Sub-Total




Sub-Total


4

22


1


9


andor Tenants


55



January 26 2007


APPENDIX













Sub-Total






Sub-Total




Sub-Total

4


Greensburg KS


Max Points

HOLD

0

0

2

3 1200


January 26 2007




















Sub-Total



36



9


andor Tenants

4

17

654


January 26 2007


APPENDIX





Approaches



(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)













(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)










Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)










(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)














(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)











Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)






(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)








Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)



Specifications



(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)



















construction






Building enclosure






U=~035 SHGC=~033


per 100 sf envelope

Mechanical systems














13


























projects







14







research work




























action

15






























outlined in Part 1



16
































programs

17

4 Broaden Scope











CONCLUSIONS

















REFERENCES







June 2005















APPENDICES





APPENDIX













Sub-Total


2 2







Sub-Total



22








Sub-Total







Sub-Total

7

3

5

4


Westford MA


Max Points

HOLD

5 1800


January 26 2007




(EnergyGage)



1 11












Sub-Total




at all




1 43











Sub-Total




Sub-Total


4

22


1


9


andor Tenants


55



January 26 2007


APPENDIX













Sub-Total






Sub-Total




Sub-Total

4


Greensburg KS


Max Points

HOLD

0

0

2

3 1200


January 26 2007




















Sub-Total



36



9


andor Tenants

4

17

654


January 26 2007


APPENDIX





Approaches



(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)













(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)










Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)










(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)














(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)











Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)






(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)








Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)



Specifications



(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)




































projects







14







research work




























action

15






























outlined in Part 1



16
































programs

17

4 Broaden Scope











CONCLUSIONS

















REFERENCES







June 2005















APPENDICES





APPENDIX













Sub-Total


2 2







Sub-Total



22








Sub-Total







Sub-Total

7

3

5

4


Westford MA


Max Points

HOLD

5 1800


January 26 2007




(EnergyGage)



1 11












Sub-Total




at all




1 43











Sub-Total




Sub-Total


4

22


1


9


andor Tenants


55



January 26 2007


APPENDIX













Sub-Total






Sub-Total




Sub-Total

4


Greensburg KS


Max Points

HOLD

0

0

2

3 1200


January 26 2007




















Sub-Total



36



9


andor Tenants

4

17

654


January 26 2007


APPENDIX





Approaches



(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)













(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)










Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)










(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)














(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)











Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)






(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)








Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)



Specifications



(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)

















research work




























action

15






























outlined in Part 1



16
































programs

17

4 Broaden Scope











CONCLUSIONS

















REFERENCES







June 2005















APPENDICES





APPENDIX













Sub-Total


2 2







Sub-Total



22








Sub-Total







Sub-Total

7

3

5

4


Westford MA


Max Points

HOLD

5 1800


January 26 2007




(EnergyGage)



1 11












Sub-Total




at all




1 43











Sub-Total




Sub-Total


4

22


1


9


andor Tenants


55



January 26 2007


APPENDIX













Sub-Total






Sub-Total




Sub-Total

4


Greensburg KS


Max Points

HOLD

0

0

2

3 1200


January 26 2007




















Sub-Total



36



9


andor Tenants

4

17

654


January 26 2007


APPENDIX





Approaches



(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)













(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)










Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)










(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)














(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)











Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)






(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)








Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)



Specifications



(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)








































outlined in Part 1



16
































programs

17

4 Broaden Scope











CONCLUSIONS

















REFERENCES







June 2005















APPENDICES





APPENDIX













Sub-Total


2 2







Sub-Total



22








Sub-Total







Sub-Total

7

3

5

4


Westford MA


Max Points

HOLD

5 1800


January 26 2007




(EnergyGage)



1 11












Sub-Total




at all




1 43











Sub-Total




Sub-Total


4

22


1


9


andor Tenants


55



January 26 2007


APPENDIX













Sub-Total






Sub-Total




Sub-Total

4


Greensburg KS


Max Points

HOLD

0

0

2

3 1200


January 26 2007




















Sub-Total



36



9


andor Tenants

4

17

654


January 26 2007


APPENDIX





Approaches



(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)













(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)










Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)










(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)














(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)











Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)






(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)








Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)



Specifications



(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)










































programs

17

4 Broaden Scope











CONCLUSIONS

















REFERENCES







June 2005















APPENDICES





APPENDIX













Sub-Total


2 2







Sub-Total



22








Sub-Total







Sub-Total

7

3

5

4


Westford MA


Max Points

HOLD

5 1800


January 26 2007




(EnergyGage)



1 11












Sub-Total




at all




1 43











Sub-Total




Sub-Total


4

22


1


9


andor Tenants


55



January 26 2007


APPENDIX













Sub-Total






Sub-Total




Sub-Total

4


Greensburg KS


Max Points

HOLD

0

0

2

3 1200


January 26 2007




















Sub-Total



36



9


andor Tenants

4

17

654


January 26 2007


APPENDIX





Approaches



(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)













(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)










Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)










(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)














(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)











Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)






(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)








Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)



Specifications



(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)











4 Broaden Scope











CONCLUSIONS

















REFERENCES







June 2005















APPENDICES





APPENDIX













Sub-Total


2 2







Sub-Total



22








Sub-Total







Sub-Total

7

3

5

4


Westford MA


Max Points

HOLD

5 1800


January 26 2007




(EnergyGage)



1 11












Sub-Total




at all




1 43











Sub-Total




Sub-Total


4

22


1


9


andor Tenants


55



January 26 2007


APPENDIX













Sub-Total






Sub-Total




Sub-Total

4


Greensburg KS


Max Points

HOLD

0

0

2

3 1200


January 26 2007




















Sub-Total



36



9


andor Tenants

4

17

654


January 26 2007


APPENDIX





Approaches



(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)













(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)










Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)










(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)














(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)











Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)






(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)








Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)



Specifications



(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)











REFERENCES







June 2005















APPENDICES





APPENDIX













Sub-Total


2 2







Sub-Total



22








Sub-Total







Sub-Total

7

3

5

4


Westford MA


Max Points

HOLD

5 1800


January 26 2007




(EnergyGage)



1 11












Sub-Total




at all




1 43











Sub-Total




Sub-Total


4

22


1


9


andor Tenants


55



January 26 2007


APPENDIX













Sub-Total






Sub-Total




Sub-Total

4


Greensburg KS


Max Points

HOLD

0

0

2

3 1200


January 26 2007




















Sub-Total



36



9


andor Tenants

4

17

654


January 26 2007


APPENDIX





Approaches



(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)













(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)










Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)










(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)














(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)











Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)






(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)








Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)



Specifications



(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)











APPENDICES





APPENDIX













Sub-Total


2 2







Sub-Total



22








Sub-Total







Sub-Total

7

3

5

4


Westford MA


Max Points

HOLD

5 1800


January 26 2007




(EnergyGage)



1 11












Sub-Total




at all




1 43











Sub-Total




Sub-Total


4

22


1


9


andor Tenants


55



January 26 2007


APPENDIX













Sub-Total






Sub-Total




Sub-Total

4


Greensburg KS


Max Points

HOLD

0

0

2

3 1200


January 26 2007




















Sub-Total



36



9


andor Tenants

4

17

654


January 26 2007


APPENDIX





Approaches



(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)













(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)










Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)










(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)














(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)











Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)






(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)








Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)



Specifications



(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)











APPENDIX













Sub-Total


2 2







Sub-Total



22








Sub-Total







Sub-Total

7

3

5

4


Westford MA


Max Points

HOLD

5 1800


January 26 2007




(EnergyGage)



1 11












Sub-Total




at all




1 43











Sub-Total




Sub-Total


4

22


1


9


andor Tenants


55



January 26 2007


APPENDIX













Sub-Total






Sub-Total




Sub-Total

4


Greensburg KS


Max Points

HOLD

0

0

2

3 1200


January 26 2007




















Sub-Total



36



9


andor Tenants

4

17

654


January 26 2007


APPENDIX





Approaches



(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)













(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)










Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)










(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)














(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)











Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)






(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)








Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)



Specifications



(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)





















Sub-Total


2 2







Sub-Total



22








Sub-Total







Sub-Total

7

3

5

4


Westford MA


Max Points

HOLD

5 1800


January 26 2007




(EnergyGage)



1 11












Sub-Total




at all




1 43











Sub-Total




Sub-Total


4

22


1


9


andor Tenants


55



January 26 2007


APPENDIX













Sub-Total






Sub-Total




Sub-Total

4


Greensburg KS


Max Points

HOLD

0

0

2

3 1200


January 26 2007




















Sub-Total



36



9


andor Tenants

4

17

654


January 26 2007


APPENDIX





Approaches



(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)













(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)










Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)










(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)














(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)











Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)






(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)








Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)



Specifications



(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)













(EnergyGage)



1 11












Sub-Total




at all




1 43











Sub-Total




Sub-Total


4

22


1


9


andor Tenants


55



January 26 2007


APPENDIX













Sub-Total






Sub-Total




Sub-Total

4


Greensburg KS


Max Points

HOLD

0

0

2

3 1200


January 26 2007




















Sub-Total



36



9


andor Tenants

4

17

654


January 26 2007


APPENDIX





Approaches



(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)













(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)










Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)










(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)














(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)











Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)






(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)








Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)



Specifications



(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)











APPENDIX













Sub-Total






Sub-Total




Sub-Total

4


Greensburg KS


Max Points

HOLD

0

0

2

3 1200


January 26 2007




















Sub-Total



36



9


andor Tenants

4

17

654


January 26 2007


APPENDIX





Approaches



(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)













(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)










Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)










(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)














(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)











Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)






(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)








Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)



Specifications



(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)





















Sub-Total






Sub-Total




Sub-Total

4


Greensburg KS


Max Points

HOLD

0

0

2

3 1200


January 26 2007




















Sub-Total



36



9


andor Tenants

4

17

654


January 26 2007


APPENDIX





Approaches



(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)













(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)










Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)










(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)














(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)











Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)






(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)








Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)



Specifications



(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)





























Sub-Total



36



9


andor Tenants

4

17

654


January 26 2007


APPENDIX





Approaches



(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)













(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)










Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)










(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)














(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)











Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)






(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)








Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)



Specifications



(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)











APPENDIX





Approaches



(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)













(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)










Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)










(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)














(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)











Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)






(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)








Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)



Specifications



(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)













Approaches



(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)













(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)










Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)










(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)














(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)











Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)






(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)








Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)



Specifications



(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)













Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)










(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)














(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)











Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)






(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)








Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)



Specifications



(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)













Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)






(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)








Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)



Specifications



(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)













Approaches




(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)



Specifications



(Buildertrade)


(Buildertrade)











towards sustainability: green building, sustainability ... · rr-0801: towards sustainability-green...

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