TOWN PLANNING

NIMISHA SAMADHIYA

WHAT IS TOWN PLANNING ?

An attempt to formulate the principles that should guideus in creating a civilized physical background for humanlife whose main impetus is thus … foreseeing and guidingchange.

ORAn art of shaping and guiding the physical growth of thetown creating buildings and environments to meet thevarious needs such as social, cultural, economic andrecreational etc. and to provide healthy conditions for bothrich and poor to live, to work, and to play or relax, thusbringing about the social and economic well-being for themajority of mankind.

TOWN PLANNING

Improvement of life quality

Responsible administration of resources & environment

protection

Rational use of land

Well balanced social &

economic development

The simplest definition of urban planning is that it is theorganization of all elements of a town or other urbanenvironment.

Town planning

Physical

Built environment

Social

Man’s interrelationshi

p & behavior

Cultural

Spiritual environment

Economic

Financial environment

Political

Ideological environment

Ecological

Natural environment

ROLE OF PLANNERS• Consider – “human communities are always in the process of changing”• Recognize – “the complexity of communities”• Concern – “about the future”.

Growth of the city

AIMS & OBJECTIVES OF TOWN PLANNING

HEALTH

• to create and promote healthy conditions and environments for all the people.

• to make right use of the land for the right purpose by zoning

• to ensure orderly development

• to avoid encroachment of one zone over the other

CONVENIENCE

• social, economic, cultural and recreational amenities etc.

• Recreational amenities - open spaces, parks, gardens & playgrounds, town halls Stadiums, community centers, cinema houses, and theatres.

BEAUTY

• To preserve the individuality of the town.

• To preserve the aesthetics in the design of all elements of town or city plan.

Urban design is the process of designing and shaping cities, towns and villages. In contrast to architecture, which focuses on the design of individual buildings, urban design deals with the larger scale of groups of buildings, streets and public spaces, whole neighborhoods and districts, and entire cities, with the goal of making urban areas functional, attractive, and sustainable.

WHAT IS URBAN DESIGN ?

Urban design theory deals primarily with the design and management of public space and the way public places are experienced and used. Public space includes the totality of spaces used freely on a day-to-day basis by the general public, such as streets, plazas, parks and public infrastructure. Some aspects of privately owned spaces, such as building facades or domestic gardens, also contribute to public space and are therefore also considered by urban design theory.

DIFFERENCE

urban design can be argued to relate to the proactive design of urban areas.

urban design focuses on the design, quality, character and appearance of places, including buildings and the spaces between them.

URBAN DESIGN urban planning tends, to focus

on the management of private development through established regulatory planning methods and programs, and other statutory development controls.

Planning also relates to the uses to which those places and spaces are put, and the ways in which they relate to each other.

TOWN PLANNING

HISTORY OF TOWN PLANNING IN INDIADistinct characteristics of urban planning from remains of the cities of Harappa, Lothal, and Mohenjo-daro in the Indus Valley Civilization lead archeologists to conclude that they are the earliest examples of deliberately planned and managed cities.

CHARACTERSTICS:-• The streets of many of these early cities were paved and laid

out at right angles in a grid pattern, with a hierarchy of streets.• Archaeological evidence suggests that many Harappa houses

were laid out to protect from noise and enhance residential privacy; many also had their own water wells, probably for both sanitary and ritual purposes.

• These ancient cities were unique in that they often had drainage systems, seemingly tied to a well-developed ideal of urban sanitation.

INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION • Earliest civilizations in Indus

Valley was discovered in 1856 by a railroad crew. -Harappa -Mohenjo-Daro or “Hill of the Dead” -Both cities shared urban design and architectural features. -3 miles in circumference with populations of 40,000.

• The most important feature of this civilization were the carefully planned cities.

• Originating around 2500 B.C.E. the thriving civilizations survived for around 500 years.

• Both Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, two of the largest among 500 sites, were three miles in circumference with around 40,000 people.

• To the north is a citadel or raised area. In Mohenjo-Daro, the citadel is built on an architectural platform about 45 feet above the plain.

• On the summit was a huge communal bath. Next to the large bath was a huge open space—a granary where food was stored from possible floods. Fortified walls mark the southeast corner.

MOHENJO-DARO AND HARAPPA•The lower city was laid out in a gridiron with the main streets about 45 feet wide.•Private houses, almost every one with its own well, bathing space, and toilet consisting of a brick seat over a drainage area.•Brick-lined drains flushed by water carried liquid and solid waste to sumps, where it was carted away, probably to fertilize nearby fields.

•The town plan was regular.•Even fire-baked bricks were uniform in size and shape.•The regularity of plan and construction suggests a government with organization and bureaucratic capacity.•No monumental architecture clearly marks the presence of a palace or temple.•There is little sign of social stratification in the plan or buildings.

SITE PLAN SITE PLAN

AERIAL VIEW OF THE CITY GREAT BATH & CITADEL