PRESENTATION ON TOWNPLANNING

SUBMITTED TO;KIRAN SIR

SUBMITTED BY;RIYAS.MS6TH SEM

URBAN PLANNINGDEFINITIONHISTORYTHEORYASPECTSPRACTICEIMPACTSDEFINITION.Urban Planning:- design and regulation of the uses of space that focus on the physical form, economic functions, and social impacts of the urban environment and on the location of different activities within it.involving goal setting, data collection and analysis, forecasting, design, strategic thinking, and public consultation.Three actors have main role in urban planning The decision-makersThe technicians The users

HISTORYThe first recorded description of urban planning is described in the Epic of Gilgamesh, Designed cities were characteristic of the Minoan, Mesopotamian, Harrapan, and Egyptian civilizations of the third millennium BC.CLASSICAL AND MEDIEVAL EUROPE FOLLOWED BY

“Hippodamus invented the vision of cities" Aristotle. therefore he was called the father of Urban planning 5th century BC. ideal cities centrally planned in the 15th century, in 1876 the term urbanization posed by Ildefons Cerdà due to re construction processes.

MODERN URBAN PLANNINGPlanning and architecture went through a paradigm shift at the turn of the 20th century. The industrialized cities of the 19th century had grown at a tremendous rate, with the pace and style of building largely dictated by private business concerns. The evils of urban life for the working poor were becoming increasingly evident as a matter for public concern.

THE GARDEN CITY BY EBENEZER HOWARD

Howard wanted to design an alternative to the overcrowded and polluted industrial cities of the turn of the century, and his solution centered on creating smaller “garden cities” (with 32,000 people each) in the country linked by canals and transit and set in a permanent greenbelt.

MODERNISM, LE CORBUSIER’S RADIANT CITY

Le Corbusier’s envisioned building up, not out. His plan, also known as “Towers in the Park,” proposed exactly that: numerous high-rise buildings each surrounded by green space.”)THE STREET GRID, BY FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT

THE SIMPLE, RATIONAL STREET GRID HAS BEEN A DEFAULT CHOICE OF PLANNERS FOR INDUSTRIAL CENTURIES, BY FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT IN 1950S .

THE MEGA REGIONPlanners increasingly talk today about issues involving transportation, the economy and the environment not at the scale of communities or cities, but within whole regions where multiple metros link together.Principles enforced like:- • Setback principle so that daylight would still reach

the streets below.• Transect used by planners as a visual tool to divide

landscapes into multiple uses

REACTION , NEW URBANISMBy the late 1960s and early 1970s, many planners felt that modernism's clean lines and lack of human scale sapped vitality from the community, blaming them for high crime rates and social problem.Various current movements in urban design seek to create sustainable urban environments with long-lasting structures, buildings and a great livability for its inhabitants. The most clearly defined form of walkable urbanism is known as the Charter of New Urbanism. reducing sprawl and supporting sustainable transport. Mixing instead of separating uses Creating Sustainable Places of lasting economic, social, cultural, and environmental value and The public participation .

URBAN SPRAWL SLUM, INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS

Planners argue that modern lifestyles use too many natural resources, polluting or destroying ecosystems, increasing social inequality, creating urban heat islands, and causing climate change. Many urban planners, therefore, advocate sustainable citiesThe term sustainable development came to represent an ideal outcome in the sum of urban planning goals. Sustainability refers to “development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.”

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

1. Compact 2. Efficient land use

and recourses3. Less automobile

use, Better access 4. Less pollution &

Less waste 5. Restoration of

Ecosystem 6. Good housing and

living environments

7. Healthy social ecology

8. Sustainable economy

9. Community participation, Involvement

10. Preservation of local culture & Wisdom

Planning theory is generally called procedural because it generally concerns itself with the process through which planning occurs and whether or not that process is valid, they relate to public participation.1 . Rational planning2. Synoptic planning3. Participatory Planning4. Mixed scanning

model5. Advocacy planning

6. Bargaining model7. Communicative

approach

URBAN PLANNING THEORIES

URBAN PLANNING PROCCESSES

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Sustainable Urban Planning

URBAN PLANNING PROCCESSES

• Rational planningThe rational planning movement emphasized the improvement of the built environment based on key spatial factors. Examples of these factors include:- Exposure to direct

sunlight Movement of vehicular

traffic Standardized housing

units Proximity to green-space

Public participation was first introduced it focused in four elements:- goals and targets Quantitative analysis

for env. Identify alternative

policy options the evaluation of

means ends

• Synoptic Planning

• Rational planning

The rational planning movement emphasized the improvement of the built environment based on key spatial factors. Examples of these factors include:- Exposure to direct

sunlight Movement of vehicular

traffic Standardized housing

units Proximity to green-space

Public participation was first introduced it focused in four elements:- goals and targets Quantitative analysis

for env. Identify alternative

policy options the evaluation of

means ends

• Synoptic Planning

Communicative approach

Participation plays a central role under this model. The model seeks to include as a broad range of voice to enhance the debate and negotiation that is supposed to form the core of actual plan making. In this model, participation is actually fundamental to the planning process happening. Without the involvement of concerned interests there is no planning. 

Aesthetics Safety and security Infrastructure Environmental factors Green spaces Transport

Slums Decay Reconstruction and

renewal New master-planned cities Scope of zoning act

URBAN PLANNING ASPECTS

• Aesthetics The most beautiful are the result of dense, long lasting systems of prohibitions and guidance about building sizes, uses and features. These allowed substantial freedoms, yet enforce styles, safety, and often materials in practical ways. Many conventional planning techniques are being repackaged using the contemporary term SMART GROWTH.

Cities have often grown onto coastal and flood plains at risk of floods and storm surges. Urban planners must consider these threats. Extreme weather, flood, secure emergency evacuation routes and emergency operations centers. Many cities will also have planned, built safety features, such as levees, retaining walls, and shelters.Some city planners try to control criminality with designed structures.

• Safety and Security

• Infrastructure

Mainly represented by access:- clean drinking water Swage system Disposal system Electricity

The Smart Growth seeks to:- Improve quality Reduce the cost Reduce the co2

Environmental protection and conservation are of utmost importance to many planning systems across the world. Not only are the specific effects of development to be mitigated, but attempts are made to minimize the overall effect of development on the local and global environment. This is commonly done through the assessment of Sustainable urban infrastructure and microclimate.

• Environmental factors

• Green spaces

Urban open space is often appreciated for the recreational opportunities it provides. Recreation in urban open space may include active recreation (such as organized sports and individual exercise) or passive recreation, which may simply entail being in the open space. Time spent in an urban open space for recreation offers a reprieve from the urban environment.

Transport within urbanized areas presents unique problems. The density of an urban environment increases traffic, which can harm businesses and increase pollution unless properly managed. Parking space for private vehicles requires the construction of large parking garages in high density areas. This space could often be more valuable for other development.

• Transportation

• National level1. Policy making 2. Strategic objectives

• Regional level1. Land act2. Regional plans, Transportation

• Municipal level1. Land development plan 2. Land use plan3. Master plan

URBAN PLANNING LEVELS

This International Standard defines and establishes definitions and methodologies for a set of indicators to steer and measure the performance of city services and quality of life.Quantitative, qualitative or descriptive sets of measurements and metrics that provide a globally standardized set of definitions and methodologies.This International Standard is applicable to any city, municipality or local government that undertakes to measure its performance in a comparable and verifiable manner, irrespective of size and location or level of development

THE ISO INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ON CITY INDICATOR

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