toxicology of pestisida

8/17/2019 Toxicology of Pestisida

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Dose/ResponseDose/Response

&posure Terminology&posure Terminology

AcuteAcute'' (hort term) high #ose) usually measure# in(hort term) high #ose) usually measure# inminutes to #ays) can !e multiple #oses within a shortminutes to #ays) can !e multiple #oses within a short

perio# *!urst hose on a a+inphos,methyl applicationperio# *!urst hose on a a+inphos,methyl applicationor a -.T. Collins Coc/tail.or a -.T. Collins Coc/tail.

(u!Chronic'(u!Chronic' nterme#iate term) mo#erate to lownterme#iate term) mo#erate to low

#ose) measure# in wee/s to months *e&posure to a#ose) measure# in wee/s to months *e&posure to aseasonal use material) e.g. tria#ime2on on grapes .seasonal use material) e.g. tria#ime2on on grapes .

Chronic'Chronic' Long term) low #ose) measure# in monthsLong term) low #ose) measure# in monthsto years *e&posure to a constant use material) e.g.to years *e&posure to a constant use material) e.g.

sul2uryl 3uori#e 2or home 2umigation.sul2uryl 3uori#e 2or home 2umigation.


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PesticidesPesticides

General ClassesGeneral Classesnsectici#esnsectici#es

1.1. Organophosphates (OP)Organophosphates (OP)

4.4. CarbamatesCarbamates

3.3. Chlorinated Hydrocarbons (CHC)Chlorinated Hydrocarbons (CHC).. Pyrethroi#sPyrethroi#s

5.5. -iologicals-iologicals

6.6. 7etals8lementals7etals8lementals

9.9. nsect :rowth ;egulators *:;nsect :rowth ;egulators *:;


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General ClassesGeneral Classes


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General ClassesGeneral Classes

;o#entici#es;o#entici#es

1.1.CoumarinsCoumarins

2.2.IndandionesIndandiones

3.3.MetalsInorgaMetalsInorganicsnics

!. !.Con"ulsantsCon"ulsants


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General ClassesGeneral ClassesHer!ici#esHer!ici#es

1.1. Chloropheno#yChloropheno#y

4.4. $itro%phenoliccresolic$itro%phenoliccresolic

.. &ipyridyls&ipyridyls.. 'riaines'riaines

.. 'hiocarbamates'hiocarbamates

6.6. PhosphonatesPhosphonates

9.9. OthersOthers


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General ClassesGeneral Classes.


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Insecticide ToxicologyInsecticide ToxicologyOPOP Car!amatesCar!amates

ParathionParathion PropoxurPropoxur

Azinphos-methylAzinphos-methyl ethomylethomyl

Diclor!osDiclor!os Car"ofuranCar"ofuran

#aled#aled Aldicar"Aldicar"

$enamiphos$enamiphos Car"arylCar"arylethidathionethidathion $enoxycar"$enoxycar"

%xydemeton-%xydemeton-

methylmethyl Thiodicar" Thiodicar"

malathionmalathion %xamyl%xamyl


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%Ps and Car"amates%Ps and Car"amates

CarbarylParathion


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%Ps and Car"amates%Ps and Car"amates&oth inhi"it acetylcholinesterase 'ACh()* car"amates doso re!ersi"ly+

%xons of %Ps tend to "e more toxic 'malathion !smaloxon)

%Ps generally are more easily a"sor"ed through the s,inthan car"amates 'same is true of (C formulations)+

Can come in !arious formulations ith !arious sol!ents+

Toxicity !aries+

.ymptoms 0eadache1 nausea1 !omiting1 ea,ness1

hypersecretion1 titching1 diarrhea1 seizures1 2%C1


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C0CsC0Csdichlorodichlorodiphenyldiphenyl

trichloroethanetrichloroethane

chlordanechlordane endrinendrin

dienochlor dienochlor heptachlor heptachlor metho&ychlormetho&ychlor

chlorobenilatechlorobenilate benenebenenehe#achloridehe#achloride

chlorodeconechlorodecone

mire# mire# lin#anelin#ane dieldrindieldrin#ico2ol#ico2ol to#apheneto#aphene en#osul2anen#osul2an

*ed *ed ++ cancelledcancelled


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C0CsC0Cs

Dieldrin

DDT


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C0CsC0Csost C0Cs hich tended to lipid storage ha!e "eencancelled+

Remaining C0Cs usually rapidly meta"olized andexcreted+

2indane1 the cyclodienes and endosulfan can "edermally a"sor"ed+ DDT is !ery poorly a"sor"edthrough s,in+

ost of the highly toxic C0Cs are cancelled in 3.A+

.ymptoms 0eadache1 dizziness1 nausea1 !omiting1

tremor1 hyperesthesia/paresthesia1 con!ulsions1 coma1


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PyrethroidsPyrethroids ,llethrin ,llethrin -ienthrin-ienthrin CismethrinCismethrin

Cy/uthrinCy/uthrin CypermethrinCypermethrin DeltamethrinDeltamethrin

&imethrin&imethrin 0sen"alerate0sen"alerate en"alerateen"alerate

lucythrinatelucythrinate


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PyrethroidsPyrethroids.ynthetic !ersions of pyrethrins 'fromchrysanthemums)+Dermal and inhalation toxicity

relati!ely lo+Ingestion route more pro"lematic+

0igh doses can causeincoordination1 tremor1 sali!ation1!omiting and con!ulsions+

Allergy-li,e reactions can occur15creepy-craly6 s,in sensation'paresthesia)1 especially infen!alerate1 cypermethrin1 and


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$ungicides$ungicidesost fungicides are usually dermal irritants1 eyeirritants1 respiratory irritants1 and potential

sensitizers+ The thiocar"amate fungicides may ha!e anAnta"use reaction+

The metallic materials 'copper) can "e corrosi!e to

eyes and mucus mem"ranes+

%rganometallics 'Cu1 0g1 .n1 Cd) also causesystemic illnesses* most are no longer registered in3.A+


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RodenticidesRodenticides8arfarin1 "romadiolone1 "rodifacoum1 chlorophacinone1etc+ are all hemorrhagic agents+ 8arfarin is medicallyprescri"ed as coumadin+

Thallium sulfate in non-lethal doses can cause painfulneuropathies1 seizures1 dementia and coma+ #otregistered in 3.A+

9inc phosphide dust inhalation causes pulmonaryedema+ Ingested material ill e!ol!e phosphine gas inthe gut+

:ello phosphorous is highly corrosi!e and una!aila"le

in the 3.A+


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0er"icides0er"icidesChlorophenoxy materials are dermal and mucousmem"rane irritants+ Dermal a"sorption is lo+

The nitro-cresolic/phenolics are !ery toxic and easilya"sor"ed through the s,in+ Causes yello discolorationof s,in/eyes/hair+ Decouples oxidati!e phosphorylation*used as 5diet pill6 ';?@@)+

Dipyridyl parauat is a se!ere s,in/eye irritant and isusually fatal in e!en small 'B


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$umigants$umigantsethyl "romide is phasing out of use+ Greatest use isethyl "romide is phasing out of use+ Greatest use is

still agricultural 'commodity1 eld)1 hile structural isstill agricultural 'commodity1 eld)1 hile structural is

dropping+ Can cause dermal "urns if trapped againstdropping+ Can cause dermal "urns if trapped against

the "ody+ Inhalation can cause pulmonary edema andthe "ody+ Inhalation can cause pulmonary edema andcon!ulsions+con!ulsions+

.ulfuryl 7uoride is irritating to mucous mem"ranes+.ulfuryl 7uoride is irritating to mucous mem"ranes+

0as "ecome maEor material for structural use+0as "ecome maEor material for structural use+

Chloropicrin and acrolein are strong lachrymators andChloropicrin and acrolein are strong lachrymators and

se!erely irritating+se!erely irritating+

Phosphine is an upper respiratory tract irritant that canPhosphine is an upper respiratory tract irritant that can

cause nausea1 tachycardia1 paresthesia+cause nausea1 tachycardia1 paresthesia+


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%thers%thersIGRs are usually of !ery lo toxicityIGRs are usually of !ery lo toxicity

55%rganic6 pesticides can "e highly toxic 'nicotine)1%rganic6 pesticides can "e highly toxic 'nicotine)1

sensitizers 'pyrethrum)1 dermal irritants 'rotenone) orsensitizers 'pyrethrum)1 dermal irritants 'rotenone) or

essentially harmless '&T)+essentially harmless '&T)+

ixing Cloroxixing CloroxFF ith ammonia is considered a !iolation ofith ammonia is considered a !iolation of

la"el+ ixing Purexla"el+ ixing PurexFF ith ammonia is considered stupid+ith ammonia is considered stupid+

Arsenicals are still ha!e insecticidal and oodArsenicals are still ha!e insecticidal and oodpreser!ati!e uses+preser!ati!e uses+

D((T 'D((T 'DI(T0:2 T%23AID(DI(T0:2 T%23AID() can cause dermatitis in the) can cause dermatitis in the

antecu"ital and popliteal fossae+antecu"ital and popliteal fossae+

.u ar is a re istered esticide in California.u ar is a re istered esticide in California R @?=@HR @?=@H

toxicology of pestisida

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