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What is toxoplasmosisToxoplasmosis is caused by the toxoplasmaThis disease is zoonotic in natureIt is acquired by the contact with cats or their fecesThis infection may have mild or devastating effects

Species of toxoplasmaThe genus toxoplasma has a single specie Toxoplasma GondiiIDENTIFICATIONOocyst of toxoplasma is found in faeces of cats i-e unsporulated and of 12x10um in size Then it is sporulated within 1-5 daysOocyst contain two sporocyst 1. Each sporocyst contain 4 sporozoites

HostCat is important host Site s is schizonts and gamont s in small intestine.Intermidiate HostMammals including man and birds.Sites includes tachyzoites and bradyzoites in liver muscle and lungs.

Various intestinal stages ShizontsIt is found mainly in jejunum and iliumIs size is of 4-15um in diameterGamontsMost commonly in iliumSize is 10um in diameterTachyzoitesIt is found in fibroblast,hepatocytes.Its size of about 6-8um in diameter

Life cycles

Most cats become infected by ingesting the rodents whose tissues contain the tachyzoitesThe cyst wall will be digested in cat’s stomachIntestinal epithelium liberated bradyzoites intiate cycle of shizogonous and gametogonousOocysts are shed for 1-2 weeks.

Continue…..Then tachyzoites and bradyzoites proceeds as intermidiate hostsIn this sporulated oocyts are ingested by mammal and liberated sporozoites rapidly penetrated intestinal wall and this stage is called tachyzoitesThen on entering into cell it multiplies asexually by process of budding called endodygoneyDue to invasiveness of trachyzoites results in formation of cysts containig thousand of organism and this stage called bradyzoites

Continue…Infection occur by ingestion of tachyzoites and bradyzoites in flesh of intermediate hosts.In this way human and carnivores acquires infection by eating raw meat.DistributionAll over the world.

Clinical signCats:PneumoniaEncephalitisChanges in CNSDogs:FeverAnorexiaDiarrhoea

Continue….Ruminants:FeverNervous signAbortionMan:MyocarditisEncephalitisLow grade fever

DiagnosisSerological examinationBy performing ELISA testTreatmentCombination of pyrimethanmine (anitimalarial drug) and SulphadiazineSpiramycin (human)Clindamycin (cat)

Control By adopting hygienic measure Proper disposal of feacesBy using vaccine

THANKSFAISAL SHAHZAD