toyota vehicle glossary terms

8/6/2019 Toyota Vehicle Glossary Terms

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2-Turn Door Locksn a vehicle with this feature (including all Toyotas with power door locks), only the driver's door is unlocked when

key is turned in that door's lock. A second turn unlocks the other doors. This provides extra security in situations wha driver desires to open only one door, yet also allows the convenience of easily unlocking doors for all passengers.

2WD2-Wheel Drive. Also see Front Wheel Drive or Rear Wheel Drive.

4-Speed Electronically Controlled Automatic Transmission with intelligence (4ECT-i)The 4ECT-i transmission is one of Toyota's most advanced automatic transmissions. The transmission computer networks with the engine computer to control hydraulic shift pressure more precisely than even the 4ECT. It alsoautomatically adjusts for transmission wear over time.

4WD on DemandAllows the driver to go from 2-wheel drive to 4-wheel drive and back while the vehicle is in motion, automaticallyocking the front hubs at speeds up to 62 mph. The driver needs only to turn a dial or push a button to engage 4-whe

drive; it is not necessary to stop the vehicle.

4WD-i4-Wheel Drive with intelligence (Highlander Hybrid) This innovative electric 4WD-i system employs a separate 5068-hp) electric motor (MGR) at the rear that provides up to 96 lb.-ft. of additional drive torque as required. The syslectronically varies the rear torque output depending on driving conditions.

4-Wheel Drive (4WD)A drive system where the engine drives all four wheels, 4WD helps improve traction under many circumstances. 4Wan be part-time (low traction conditions only) or full-time (may be used on dry roads).

4-wheel independent suspensionA type of suspension in which all four wheels are mounted to separate suspension members with no rigid axleonnecting them. Each wheel reacts independently to changes in the road's surface. This suspension design helps red

unsprung weight, improves ride and handling over rough surfaces, and permits room for a larger trunk.

-Speed Electronically Controlled Automatic Transmission with intelligence (5ECT-i)The 5ECT-i transmission is one of Toyota's most advanced automatic transmissions. The transmission computer networks with the engine computer to control hydraulic shift pressure more precisely than even the 4ECT. It alsoautomatically adjusts for transmission wear over time.

-Speed Manual Overdrive TransmissionFifth gear reduces engine rpm at highway cruising speed and provides greater fuel economy, quieter operation, and lwear and tear on the engine.

th-Wheel Trailer HitchA Class IV/V hitch that mounts in the pickup bed and uses a plate in the bed of the truck (similar to a semi-tractor) apin on the trailer. Similar to a gooseneck trailer hitch (both mount inside the bed of a truck); however, a 5th-wheel huses a pin and latch to mount the trailer to the bed. A gooseneck uses a ball and latch.

6-Speed Manual Overdrive TransmissionSixth gear reduces engine rpm at highway cruising speed and provides greater fuel economy, quicker acceleration,



uperior pulling power, quieter operation, and less wear and tear on the engine.

ATopAccess Cab2 front full-opening front-hinged and 2 rear-hinged rearward-opening rear access doors with stationary rear windowand small rear seats.

AccessoriesLike options, these are features that don't come standard with a certain model, but are installed usually by the dealerYou can sometimes ask the dealer to add an accessory to a vehicle on hand.

Acoustic Control Induction System (ACIS)Acoustic Control Induction System optimizes intake air velocity to enhance engine performance.

Active Safety (ABS, VSC, TRAC)A vehicle's safety features or equipment that help avoid collisions.(Examples: ABS, VSC, TRAC, etc.)

Active TRAC (A-TRAC)Using sensors at all four wheels to monitor a loss of traction, Active TRAC employs brake and throttle control to redwheelspin and transfer torque to the wheel with the most traction.

Active-Control Engine Mount (ACEM)Active-Control Engine Mount reduces engine-produced noise, vibration and harshness (NVH).

Adjusted Capitalized CostThe difference between the gross capitalized cost reduction. This is the amount used to calculate the lease payment.

Aerodynamic DragBasically wind resistance, aerodynamic drag is expressed by a measurement called coefficient of drag (Cd). A lowernumber means an automobile cuts through wind more efficiently, resulting in better fuel economy and lower wind n

Air/fuel mixtureThe ratio by weight of the air and fuel in an engine's cylinder.

AlignmentReferring to a vehicle's wheel alignment, it is the proper adjustment of a vehicle that uses the front and rear suspensifor camber, toe, caster and ride height.

All-Wheel Drive (AWD)This system sends power to all four wheels at all times. You do not need to select 2- or 4-wheel drive, as in part-timwheel-drive systems.

Alternator The part of the vehicle's electrical system that converts mechanical energy from a drive belt into electrical energy tooperate the ignition and electrical accessories, and to charge the battery when needed.

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AMCI-Certified TestingAMCI-Certified testing, comparably equipped 4WD vehicles with optional larger V8s, 4-door cabs and 6' beds,Automotive News Full-Sized Pickup segmentation.

Amount FinancedThe agreed-upon sale price of a vehicle plus any charges for taxes, title, license fees, service contracts and insuranceess any down payment and/or net trade-in allowance. This is the amount which is subject to finance charges.

Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS)Anti-lock Brake System (ABS) Computer-controlled ABS modulates brake pressure during hard braking to help avowheel lock-up and maintain steering control. When the wheels begin to lock, the computer causes the brakes to pulsmore rapidly than humanly possible, allowing the wheels to rotate rather than skid.

Anti-Lockout Power Door LocksPrevents the doors from being locked if the keys are in the ignition.

A-pillar

The front pillar of a vehicle that supports the windshield and the front of the roof.

Approach angleThe angle between the ground and a line running from the tire to the front bumper (as viewed from the side). Indicathow steep a ramp a vehicle can negotiate without touching the surface. In off-road driving, provides a good indicatioa vehicle's ability to climb over rocks without damaging the front of the vehicles body or chassis.

Assist GripsHandles mounted on the inside of a vehicle. They provide a convenient place to grab and obtain leverage for enterinand exiting the vehicle.

AT-PZEVAdvanced Technology Partial Zero Emission Vehicle produce extremely low levels of hydrocarbons (HC) and oxidenitrogen (NOx)), emissions that contribute to the formation of smog.

ATA/T) Automatic Transmission.

Auto Sound Levelizer (ASL)Auto Sound Levelizer (audio systems) automatically adjusts volume and tone in accordance with the drive speed.

Automatic Disconnecting Differential System (ADD)The automatic disconnecting differential system (ADD) disconnects the front axles and hub assemblies from the driv

haft at the differential when the vehicle is in 2-wheel drive mode, eliminating the need to disconnect them manuallyalso engages the front axles to the differential when 4-wheel drive is selected by the driver.

Automatic Height Control (AHC)Automatic Height Control (Land Cruiser suspension) is a hydraulic system that allows the drive to raise the LandCruiser's suspension in order to negotiate particularly rough off-road terrain, and to lower it for easy entry and exit.

Automatic Limited-Slip Differential (Auto LSD)



Automatic Limited-Slip Differential (electronic) system helps deliver torque to the wheel with traction.

Automatic Locking Front Hubsn a part-time 4-wheel-drive vehicle, the front axles must disconnect to "freewheel" when in 2- wheel drive. When th

vehicle is shifted into 4-wheel drive, the axles automatically "lock up" in the differential, providing torque at each frwheel. They are activated simply by shifting into 4WD. Manual hubs (the old style) were mechanical systems thatforced the driver to get out of the vehicle and turn a switch on each wheel before they were capable of accepting engpower.

Automatic Locking Retractor (ALR)Automatic Locking Retractor (seatbelt) makes it possible to secure a child seat without using a seatbelt locking clip.

Automatic transmission (AT)A type of transmission that enables the vehicle to change gears without the use of a clutch or manual shifting on the of the driver. Automatic transmissions promote smooth, quiet shift performance.

Automatic Transmission Shift Lock

This safety device requires that the ignition is on and the brake pedal is depressed before the transmission lever can moved out of "Park." The shift lock prevents a car from being put into "Drive" or "Reverse" and acceleratingnadvertently.

Auto-On/ Auto-Off HeadlampsThis system detects the amount of daylight and automatically turns the headlamps on or off as required. It automaticurns lights off when the key is removed and the driver's door is opened. These automatic systems provide an addedevel of convenience, safety and security.

AxleA shaft on which a wheel revolves or which revolves with the wheel. (Also a solid beam that connects the two rear wheels of the vehicle.) Axles help support the vehicle and, in some cases, transmit torque to the drive wheels.

Axle RatioThe number of times the driveshaft rotates to turn the axle shaft one rotation. For example, if the driveshaft gear hadeeth and the axle shaft gear had 30 teeth, the driveshaft gear would have to turn three times to turn the axle shaft ge

once. This translates to a ratio of three-to-one (3:1).

BTopBalance ShaftsBalance shafts are small, weighted shafts - similar to a camshaft - inside the engine block. Two balance shafts rotateopposite directions from each other at twice the crankshaft speed to help "cancel out" engine vibration. Balance shaf

are most common to 4-cylinder engines to help reduce noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) inherent in this enginedesign.

Ball JointA flexible joint consisting of a ball in a socket. It is used primarily in the front suspension because of its wide range motion.

Battery





An electrochemical device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy. Typical automotive batteries supplyource of power for cranking the engine and also the electrical energy for the ignition system.

BeltlineThe line that runs along the bottom edge of the vehicle's glass area and contributes to the vehicle's styling and visualappeal.

BluetoothÂ®BluetoothÂ® |1| is a wireless technology that enables connectivity between two or more devices (for example, cellphone and vehicle) by utilizing a 2.4-GHz radio spectrum that has a range of 10 meters. BluetoothÂ® allows customo use their compatible cell phones hands-free in the vehicle. |1| The phones on this site have been tested for Bluetooompatibility with Toyota vehicles. Performance will vary based on phone software version, coverage and your wirearrier. Phones are warranted by their manufacturer, not Toyota.

Body-on-frameA type of vehicle construction in which the body structure is attached to a separate frame. (Toyota 4Runner is anxample of a vehicle that uses this type of construction.)

Bore x StrokeBore is the measurement of the diameter of each cylinder, and stroke is the distance the piston travels one-way withihe cylinder. By first determining the area of the cylinder and then multiplying that by the stroke, you can obtain the

displacement for each cylinder. Multiply that by the number of cylinders for the total engine displacement (engine s

B-pillar The side or door posts that connect the rocker panel and the roof, providing support for the vehicle's roof.

Brake Assist (BA)n emergencies, some drivers, especially inexperienced ones, often panic and do not apply sufficient pressure on the

brake pedal. Brake Assist measures the speed and force with which the brake pedal is pushed to determine whether tdriver is attempting an emergency stop. If the system determines that is the case, it applies additional brake pressureallow the driver to take full advantage of the ABS brake system. When the driver intentionally eases up on the brakepedal, the system reduces the amount of assistance it provides. This feature comes with VSC.

Brake Caliper The disc brake component that straddles the rotor and houses the piston(s), cylinder(s) and brake pads. The pistonmovement pushes the pad against the rotor to slow or stop the vehicle.

Brake Controller This feature is the interface between a tow vehicle and electric trailer brakes. It can be inertia-activated or based on tdelay from activation of vehicle brakes. Typically located in the tow vehicles driving compartment with an electrica

ine running to the trailer wiring connector. Most require the user to adjust brake gain to compensate for varying traioad. A brake controller is necessary when using electric trailer brakes.

Brake FadeThis refers to a reduction of braking effectiveness caused by brake overheating. It can occur during excessively longhard brake applications, and can be reduced with ventilated disc brakes.

Brake Proportioning Valve



See Load-Sensing Proportioning and Bypass Valve (LS&PBV).

Bumper-Pull Trailer Also known as "tag-alongs," these trailers are pulled from a hitch mounted under the rear of a truck (or car) and havetongue" sticking out the front of the box area of the trailer.

CTopCabsToyota offers three different cab styles in its pickup trucks: Regular cab with front seats only and two doors. Accesswith front seats, small rear seats and four doors (two regular size and two small rear doors). Referred to as an ExtendCab, SuperCab or King Cab by competitors. Double Cab with full-size front and rear seats and four full-size doors.Referred to as a Crew Cab, Super Crew or Quad Cab by competitors.

Camber The outward or inward tilt of the top of a vehicle's tire (as viewed from the front). A tire tipped outward at the top hapositive camber; a tire tipped inward has negative camber.

CamshaftA shaft in the engine that is driven by gears, belts or chains from the crankshaft. Incorporates a series of cam lobes fiming the opening and closing of the engine's intake and exhaust valves.

Capitalized Cost ReductionThe amount of any net trade-in allowance, rebate, noncash credit or cash which you pay that reduces the grossapitalized cost.

Cargo area backup mirrorsCargo area backup mirrors enhance rearward visibility from all angles.

Catalytic converter A muffler-like device in the exhaust system that helps reduce emissions.

Center High-Mount Stop Lamp (CHMSL)This third brake light helps drivers in other vehicles recognize more quickly that the brakes have been applied.

CFC-Free Air ConditioningA vehicle air conditioning system that uses R-134a refrigerant instead of CFC-based chemicals (usually known asFreon).

Chassis

The vehicleâ€™s frame with all the operating parts, including the engine, drivetrain, suspension and brakes (butxcluding the body, accessories and trim).

Child Restraint System (CRS)This system helps to safely meet the needs of family use. CRS top tether and lower ISO-FIX anchors have been fittehe rear seats and floor to allow proper installation of a child safety seat independent of the seatbelt system. CRS

markings are located on buttons at the base of the seatback. Never place a child seat in the front passenger seat. Plachildren securely in the rear seat. For more information on airbags and child seat usage, see the Ownerâ€™s Manua





Closed-End LeaseA type of lease in which the lessee is not responsible for the value of the vehicle at the end of the lease. The lessee isiable for excess mileage and excessive wear and use. This is also called a guaranteed trade-in, net lease or walk-awaease. This is the only type of lease that Toyota Financial Services (TFS) uses.

ClutchUsed in a manual transmission, this device connects and disconnects the engine, the transmission and the clutch pedhat the driver uses to operate it.

Clutch Start-Cancel SwitchThis device in manual transmission-equipped vehicles prevents the vehicle's starter motor from engaging unless thelutch is depressed. This prevents the vehicle from starting while in gear.

Coefficient of dragThe number used to indicate the aerodynamic drag force on a vehicle (a function of exterior styling and the airflow iand around the vehicle). The higher the number, the greater the drag force a vehicleâ€™s engine must overcome at a

oad speed.

Coil SpringA thick steel wire that has been coiled and heat-treated to form a very strong spring. Commonly used in light truck uspension systems, coil springs are space-efficient and can vary in stiffness, even within the same spring (i.e., stiff he top and not stiff at the bottom). The coil springs on a given vehicle largely define how that truck's ride and handl

will feel.

Combustion chamber Area located on the top of the cylinders, where the burning of the engine's air/fuel mixture occurs.

Compression RatioA measurement of how tightly the air-fuel mixture is compressed or squeezed within the cylinder by the piston. Thibe determined by taking the total volume of the cylinder when the piston is at its lowest point (Bottom Dead CenterBDC) and dividing it by the volume when the piston is at its highest point (Top Dead Center, or TDC). In general,higher compression ratios yield greater power.

Connecting rodsMetal rods that connect the pistons to the crankshaft.

Contact patchThe area where the tires touch the road. Generally, the wider the contact patch, the greater the stability.

Continuously variable transmission (CVT)A type of automatic transmission with infinitely variable gear ratios.

Control ArmsA part of the suspension system designed to control wheel movement precisely. It is also known as a wishbone or anarm.

C-pillar



The pillar that supports the back window or the rear portion of the vehicleâ€™s roof.

CrankshaftThe main shaft of the engine that converts the reciprocating motions of the pistons and rods to rotary motion anddelivers it to the front and rear of the engine.

CrewMax4 door cab with choice of 6 passenger (front bench seat) or 5 passenger (captain chairs) and 4 full-opening front-hingdoors and fully retractable rear windows and slide/recline 60/40 rear seats.

Cross member One of several horizontal members in a vehicle's frame that join the side members and add to the vehicle's strength atability.

Cruise controlA method of maintaining a pre-set speed as set by the driver.

Crumple ZonesThese exist at the front and rear of the vehicle to help absorb the impact of a collision. These pre-stressed areas in thfender, hood, frame and related body components are designed to deform in a predetermined manner during collisioTheir purpose is to help lessen the force the impact transfers to the passenger compartment. In essence, the crumple of a vehicle is sacrificed to help protect the occupants.

Curb WeightThe weight of an empty vehicle, without cargo and driver and passengers, but including maximum amounts of fuel, oolant and standard equipment, including the spare tire and tools.

Cylinder A hollow tube that is machined into the engine block and contains a piston.

Cylinder block (engine block)The main structural element of any engine design and the part to which other engine components are attached (usualasting and includes engine cylinders and the upper part of the crankcase).

DTopDaytime Running Lights (DRL)The daytime running light system activates the low beam headlights at a reduced intensity during daylight to keep thar highly visible to other vehicles. On some models, a dash-mounted sensor automatically switches between DRLs he normal intensity low beams according to the lighting conditions (nighttime, tunnel, etc.). (Note: The DRL system

activates either low beams or high beams - it varies by model.)

Departure angleThis is the angle between the ground and a line running from the rear tire to the rear bumper. Indicates a vehicle's abo drive off a ramp or obstacle without damaging the rear of the vehicle. Also see approach angle.

DifferentialA gear assembly that allows one driven wheel to turn at a different speed from the wheel on the other end of the axle





This is necessary since an outside wheel has farther to travel than an inside wheel when turning a corner.

Disc BrakeA disc or rotor is attached to the wheel. A non-moving caliper straddles this disc. When you push the brake pedal, pwithin the caliper squeeze both sides of the disc to slow and stop the wheel. Also see Ventilated Disc Brakes.

DisplacementRefers to the primary measure of an engine's size (volume of air/fuel mixture) and is most often expressed in liters (2.0-liter engine displaces 2,000 cubic centimeters).

Distributor A mechanical component of an ignition system, usually driven by the camshaft, that distributes the electrical power he spark plugs. Replaced in most modern vehicles with a distributor-less ignition system.

Distributorless IgnitionRather than use a mechanical distributor to time spark plug firing, the distributorless Toyota Direct Ignition (TDI)ystem places an ignition coil on top of each spark plug (in some cases, two spark plugs share a coil). This eliminate

many wear items and reduces the number of parts in the system as well as the number of high-voltage wires under thhood.

Double Cab4 door cab with choice of 6 passenger (front bench seat) or 5 passenger (captain chairs) and 4 full-opening front-hingdoors and fully retractable rear windows.

Double Overhead Cam (DOHC)An engine configuration with two overhead camshafts per row of cylinders. One camshaft operates the intake valveshe other operates the exhaust valves. This is the usual arrangement in engines with multi-valve cylinder heads.

Compared to single overhead cam designs, the direct drive used in all Toyota DOHC engines requires fewer movingparts. It eliminates the rocker arm needed to activate the valves, thus improving efficiency and reducing vibration annoise. Compared to push-rod overhead valve (OHV) engines, which use an arrangement by which the camshaft isocated in the engine block and opens the valves via long push rods and rocker arms, it eliminates the need for both hese components. With fewer moving parts, there is less inertia. So, an overhead cam engine can run at a higher spe

and produce more power than a comparably sized pushrod engine.

Double Wishbone SuspensionThis is an independent suspension system in which each wheel is located on a "knuckle" that is connected by ball joo upper and lower A-arms that are unequal in length. This system minimizes changes in track and camber duringornering and when driving over bumps.

Down Payment

The amount of cash or net trade-in allowance applied to reduce the cash sales price of a vehicle. Most retail transactequire a down payment of 10 to 15 percent of the amount to be financed. However, the required down payment caness, depending on your credit standing, ability to repay and other criteria. A down payment helps lower your month

payment, as well as establish equity in your vehicle.

Downhill Assist Control (DAC)On a steep, off-road downhill slope, low-range 4-wheel drive may not be enough to reduce speed. DAC willautomatically apply the brakes to keep the vehicle's speed low without locking the wheels.



D-pillar The vertical, or sometimes diagonal, roof supporting member located at the extreme rear of the roof on station wagominivans and SUVs.

Drive configurationRefers to where the engine is placed in the vehicle and which wheels power the vehicle.

Drive ShaftThe long hollow shaft with universal joints at both ends that carries power from the transmission to the differential iRWD and 4WD vehicles.

DrivetrainThe system that takes engine output and transfers it to the wheels to produce motion. Consists of the transmission,ransfer unit (if 4-wheel drive), driveshaft(s), differential(s) and axle(s).

Drum brakes

Consist of a rotating drum that is attached to the wheel. Drum brakes are popular because of their self-actuating desiAs the brakes are applied, the centrifugal force of the turning drum tends to apply the brakes harder without requirinadditional pressure from the brake pedal.

Dry WeightThe weight of the tow vehicle without cargo or fluids and, in some cases, trailer. Most RV campers include the trailehe dry weight.

Dual Air Bag Supplemental Restraint System (SRS)n vehicles equipped with an air bag Supplemental Restraint System (SRS) [1] an airbag inflates with nitrogen gas

within a fraction of a second to help support a driver's head and upper torso to help prevent serious injury in a severefrontal impact.

Dynamic Laser Cruise Control (DLCC)Dynamic Laser Cruise Control function has two cruise control modes: a vehicle-to-vehicle distance control mode fomaintaining an appropriate distance between two vehicles, and a conventional fixed-speed cruise control mode for ruising at preset speeds.

ETopEarly TerminationWhen a lease is ended by the lessee returning the lease vehicle to the lessor before its scheduled maturity date.

Electric Motor Power Steering (EMPS)Electric Motor Power Steering is standard on Prius because when the engine shuts off, a conventional engine-drivenhydraulic system would stop working and the electric system is more energy-efficient than hydraulic power steeringystems. There is less drag on the engine and it eliminates the need for checking an refilling the system with fluid.

Electrical systemThe system that cranks the engine for starting, supplies high voltage to the spark plugs, powers the lights, and operatother accessories and electrical equipment.

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Electronic Brake-force Distribution (EBD)This system optimizes the braking effort distributed between front and rear axles. Vehicle stability during braking ismproved in conditions that fall short of triggering the ABS. EBD helps minimize stopping distances regardless of loonditions.

Electronic Control Module (ECM)Electronic Control Module.

Electronic Fuel Injection (EFI)A system that injects fuel into the cylinders, and is timed and metered by an electronic control unit.

Electronic Throttle Control with intelligence (ETCS-i)This system replaces the mechanical cable-operated throttle control with an electronic version with inputs from theaccelerator pedal and engine control module. The system is more precise, more efficient and quieter. It also controlsruise control system and engine idle speed when the air conditioning system or other accessories are turned on.

Electronically Controlled Automatic Transmission (ECT)Electronically Controlled automatic Transmission.

Electronically Controlled Automatic Transmission with intelligence (ECT-i)Electronically Controlled automatic Transmission with intelligence.

Electronically Controlled Braking (ECB)Electronically Controlled Braking.

Electronically Controlled Continuously Variable Transmission (ECVT)Electronically Controlled Continuously Variable Transmission (Hybrids).

Electronically Tuned Radio (ETR)n addition to tuning with more precision, an ETR permits adding other electronic features, such as station seek andcan.

ELR/ALR 3-Point SeatbeltsOn ELR/ALR 3-Point Seatbelts |1| the ELR (Emergency Locking Retractor) allows the driver seatbelt to extend andetract with occupant movement, yet locks the belt during a sudden stop or upon impact. The ALR (Automatic Lock

Retractor) makes it possible to secure a child seat without using a seatbelt locking clip. To activate the ALR retractopull the shoulder belt all the way out, then allow it to retract to the desired length. Press down firmly on the child sehe belt retracts to buckle the child seat securely in place. Unbuckling the belt and allowing it to retract fully deactivhe ALR retractor.

Emergency Locking Retractor (ELR)Emergency Locking Retractor (seatbelts) allows the seatbelt to extend and retract with occupant movement, yet it lohe belt during a sudden deceleration, stop or upon impact.

Emergency Locking Retractor/Automatic Locking Retractor (ELR/ALR)Emergency Locking Retractor (seatbelts) allows the seatbelt to extend and retract with occupant movement, yet it lohe belt during a sudden deceleration, stop or upon impact. Automatic Locking Retractor (seatbelts) makes it possibl



ecure a child seat without using a seatbelt locking clip.

Engine block (cylinder block)The main structural element of any engine design and the part to which other engine components are attached (usualasting and includes engine cylinders and the upper part of the crankcase).

Engine Immobilizer An ID code stored in a transponder embedded in the ignition key is compared to the ignition transponder. If the codematch, the immobilizer is deactivated and allows the engine to start. If the codes do not match, the engine will not st

Engine MountEngines (and transmissions) are mounted to a vehicle's frame or sub-frame on top of rubber or fluid-filled rubber devices.

EPA-estimated fuel economyMileage figures arrived at through laboratory tests conducted by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Milefigures for city and highway driving are usually reduced by a set factor to more closely reflect "real-world" driving.

EPSElectric Power Steering.

ErgonomicsThe science of designing and locating a vehicle's switches, controls, instruments, seats, pedals and steering wheel topromote comfort and ease of operation on the part of the driver.

ETCS-iElectronic Throttle Control System with intelligence.

Excessive Wear and UseThe Toyota Touch Lease Plan contains specific standards for excessive wear and use based upon TFS's standards.ncluded are such things as missing parts, scratches, dents, mismatched or bald tires, cracked glass, ripped/burned/tonterior and inoperable mechanical parts. At the end of the initial contract term, if the lessee does not purchase the

vehicle, the lessee must either repair the excessive wear and usage - or pay the lessor the estimated cost of repairs.

Exhaust valvesn the combustion process, these valves control the flow of the burnt air/fuel mixture to leave the engine and emergehe atmosphere.

Extra Value PackageA package contains several options together for one price. The price of the package is less than the price of purchasi

all the options separately. Savings based on Manufacturer's Suggested Retail Price of individual options. Actual deaprice and customer savings may vary.

FTopForce limitersFront seatbelt safety feature that helps reduce the load of the seatbelt on an occupantâ€™s chest, thereby reducing thisk of injury from the seatbelt itself.





Frame, Ladder TypeFrame rails are single piece. The rails are boxed under the engine for support, rolled-over C-shape under the cab for trength and quietness and reinforced under the cargo bed for extra payload support. Crossmembers control twisting

keep the frame rails in parallel alignment.

Front-Wheel Drive (FWD)Allowing more passenger and cargo room by placing the engine transversely (or sideways), this system carries theweight of the engine and transmission over the drive wheels, helping to improve traction in certain situations.

Fuel injectionA type of fuel induction system that uses a pump and injectors to pump fuel under pressure into the incoming air stras opposed to a carburetor. In modern engines, electronic fuel injection (EFI) precisely measures the amount of fuelused, improving drivability, performance, economy and emissions control.

Fuel pumpA device that draws fuel from the fuel tank and delivers it to the fuel injectors.

Full-Floating Rear AxleA "full-floating axle" is used for heavy-duty load conditions. The axle is not attached to the wheel hub. In fact, it ispossible to remove the axle while the wheel is still attached to the differential axle tubes. The axle housing carries thntire load of the vehicle, leaving the fully floating axle to only deal with the engine torque. By separating the two

functions, the rear axle can effectively carry more load and transfer more torque than a semi-floating axle. A full-floating axle is commonly used in heavy-duty 3/4-ton and 1-ton trucks, providing a more even weight distribution ohe axle than a semifloating design.

Full-Time 4-Wheel DriveThis full-time setup means that all four wheels are driving the vehicle at all times. Since the vehicle is always operatn 4-high, no additional driver input is required for normal driving situations.

Fully Boxed FrameUsed on the front section of Toyota pickups, this design incorporates two c-channel frame sections welded together form a box. Reinforcements are pre-welded inside in key areas for additional strength. In addition, this frame sectiondesigned to act as a forward crumple zone for frontal impacts. This frame design provides maximum torsional rigidiupport the engine and transmission of the truck.

GTopGas-Filled Shock AbsorbersContaining compressed nitrogen gas, these shocks generally respond more quickly and do not "fatigue" under hard u

GCWR (gross combined weight rating)The maximum allowable weight of the loaded vehicle, including optional equipment, occupants, luggage or cargo, hand trailer tongue weight. A vehicleâ€™s GCWR should never be exceeded.

Generator The part of a vehicle's electrical system that creates direct current.





Global Positioning System (GPS)Global Positioning System along with the map data DVD are used by the navigation system to help locate a streetaddress, point of interest or other location programmed into the navigation system.

Gooseneck Trailer HitchA Class IV/V hitch that mounts a ball in the bed of a pickup truck (either 2 5/16 or 3 inches in diameter) to engage aoupler on a trailer.

Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR)The maximum amount of weight that can be supported by each axle, as designated by the manufacturer.

Gross Capitalized CostThe agreed-upon value of the lease vehicle (including dealer mark-up). Plus any items you pay for over the lease teruch as taxes, service contracts, insurance and any prior credit or lease balance.

Gross Combined Weight (GCW)The total weight of a vehicle, including all its contents, plus the weight of a trailer and its entire contents. The GCW

hould not be allowed to exceed the Gross Combined Weight Rating (GCWR).

Gross Combined Weight Rating (GCWR)GCWR is the maximum recommended weight of a vehicle with a towed trailer. A vehicle usually can't accept the saoad of people and cargo when towing a trailer as it can without the trailer. GCWR is not the sum of GVWR plus

maximum trailer payload.

Gross Trailer Weight (GTW)The gross vehicle weight of the loaded trailer. See Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW).

Gross Trailer Weight Rating (GTWR)Maximum allowable weight of the loaded trailer. Must be published inside all RV camper trailers sold in NorthAmerica. See Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR).

Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW)The sum of curb weight and payload. Curb weight is the weight of a vehicle with all fluids, less driver, ready to beoperated. Payload is the load added to a vehicle, including the driver, passengers and any other equipment or cargo.

Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR)The maximum allowable loaded vehicle weight. It includes the vehicle and its equipment, fluids, occupants and carg

Ground ClearanceThe distance between the lowest point on the vehicle and level ground (measurement points vary from manufacturer

manufacturer).

HTopHalogen HeadlampsHeadlamps with special bulbs that provide brighter illumination than conventional bulbs yet last longer and use lessnergy. They get their name from the halogen gas inside the bulb.





Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC)Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning systems.

High Solar Energy-Absorbing Glass (HSEA)Helps keep the vehicle's interior cooler and helps reduce interior window fogging.

High-Intensity Discharge Headlamps (HID)HID headlamps use a metal halide bulb as a light source for the low beam. Metal halide bulbs are superior to halogebulbs because the light emitted is closer in color to sunlight. The light shines ahead over a broader area of the road, awell as farther forward, to help increase driver visibility. HIDs also consume less power and last longer than regularhalogen bulbs.

Hill-Start Assist Control (HAC)When starting from a stop on an uphill grade, HAC automatically increases brake pressure to all four wheels to reduearward rolling while the driver steps on the accelerator pedal.

Hitches

A trailer ball can be installed on a bumper for light loads. A frame-mounted weight-carrying receiver hitch can be usfor moderate loads. A frame-mounted weight-distributing receiver hitch can be used for heavier towing. A fifth-whehitch can be used for fifth-wheel trailering.

HomeLinkÂ® Universal Transceiver The HomeLink® System [1] learns the codes for up to three remote-controlled devices through a simple trainingprocess. HomeLink can then activate those devices at the push of a button -- all from one unit permanently mountedhe vehicle's sun visor, overhead console or mirror. There's no transmitter clutter in the vehicle, no batteries to changndividual transmitters to misplace. HomeLink is rolling-code compatible, is powered by the vehicle's charging systan be reprogrammed at any time and can activate home lighting with the available HomeLink Lighting Package.

Horsepower The measurement of the ability to do work over time. One horsepower is the amount of energy needed to raise 100pounds a distance of 330 feet in one minute. Simply put, it is the engine performance rating that helps an enginemaintain and maximize vehicle speeds.

Hybrid Synergy Drive®Refers to Toyota's name for advanced technology hybrid powertrains that combine gasoline and electric propulsion he ability to operate on one or the other, or both, depending on the driving situation. By enabling the vehicle to ope

at its most efficient level, regardless of engine speed, Hybrid Synergy DriveÂ® boosts power output and, at the samime, enhances efficiency and emissions control.

Hydraulic Shift Pressure

Automatic transmissions operate by fluid pressures to engage and disengage the transmission's gears from the engin

Topgnition system

The system that provides the spark to ignite the engine's air/fuel mixture. System components may include the batteoil, distributor, ignition switch, spark plugs and wiring.

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ncluded SwaySway occurs in every conventional trailer system because of the joint between the trailer and tow vehicle. Included sefers to the longitudinal axis of the towing vehicle compared to the longitudinal axis of the trailer with an intersectihe hitch ball.

ndependent SuspensionEach wheel of an independent suspension is sprung separately so that a bump affecting one does not affect the other

nduction systemThe system that delivers the air/fuel mixture to the engine's cylinders.

nitial Contract TermRange in monthly increments from 24 to 48 months.

n-line engineAn engine configuration in which the pistons are arranged in a straight line.

ntake valvesValves through which air and fuel enter the combustion chamber.

Topam protection

A feature that helps prevent power-operated windows, sliding doors and moonroofs from closing when an object is ihe way.

K TopKaizenThe work process and ethic that involves continuous search for improvement, constantly taking measures to improvwork procedures and equipment. Kaizen often involves utilizing teams of employees who revise their work proceduand standards round-the-clock to achieve improvements in efficiency, quality and working conditions.

Knock Sensor (Knock Control System) (KCS)By detecting high frequency vibrations that are early signs of pinging (pre-ignition) or knocking, a computerized engontrol can retard the spark timing until the knock ceases. This allows an engine to take advantage of a highompression ratio (for more power) while reducing the risk of damage from hot weather, increased engine loads or ower grades of gasoline.

L

TopLATCH (lower anchor and tethers for children)Uses lower anchors and tethers in the rear seats to secure child safety seats instead of seatbelts for improved safety aase of use.

Leaf SpringA leaf spring is a flat band of steel, curved into an arc, that usually mounts a solid axle to the vehicle. Most leaf sprihave several bands of steel (a multi-leaf spring). Used in the rear suspension of Toyota trucks, leaf springs are simpl









flexible and very rugged suspension components.

LeaseA contract between lessor and lessee for a specified time period and a specific payment. The title to the vehicle reman the name of lessor as owner unless and until the lessee exercises his/her purchase option. Or, in layman's terms: Aontract for a specified time period and a specific payment. The title to the car is in the name of the lessor, unless thessee exercises the purchase option to take ownership of the car.

LesseeYou, the customer, who signs a lease with the lessor, and pays for the use of the vehicle according to the regulationshe lease.

Lessor The Toyota dealership, and after assignment, the financial institution to which the lease is assigned. The party leasinhe vehicle to the lessee, the actual owner of the vehicle and the lease (i.e., leasing company, dealership or financialnstitution).

Light-Emitting Diode (LED)Light-Emitting Diode (taillamps) make vehicles more distinctive and reduce power consumption.

Limited Slip Differential (LSD)mproves traction by splitting torque evenly and preventing one wheel from slipping or spinning. Especially helpful

during cornering or other slippery situations (snow, gravel, etc.).

Linear Control ValveThe Linear Control Valve contributes to a smooth vehicle ride by enhancing the dampening force of the shock absorunder moderate to rough driving conditions, yet allowing the dampening force to be consistent under smooth drivingonditions.

Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)Liquid Crystal Display screen used on navigation systems.

Load-Sensing Proportioning and Bypass Valve (LSP, BV)Mounted to the frame and the rear axle, the LSP & BV senses the weight distribution of the vehicle and automaticalvaries the amount of hydraulic pressure to the rear brakes based on the load in the vehicle. This helps to reduce rear-wheel lock-up with either light or heavy loads to maintain stopping control.

Locking DifferentialLocks rear wheels together for maximum traction when the vehicle is stuck or in extremely slippery conditions. Shonot be used on dry pavement.

Lock-up torque converter Part of an automatic transmission which, when the vehicle reaches a predetermined speed, forms a solid connectionbetween the engine and the transmission, thereby reducing friction and improving fuel efficiency.

Low Emission Vehicle (LEV)Low Emission Vehicle meets California Low Emission Vehicle and the Federal emissions regulations.



MTopMacPherson Strut Suspension SystemAn independent suspension unit consisting of both a coil spring and a shock strut. (A shock absorber is inside the strt is most commonly found in the front of passenger cars, but can also be used in the rear. This is a compact design t

allows efficient space utilization while providing a smooth, comfortable ride with good handling.

Manual transmission (MT, M/T)A type of transmission that utilizes a mechanical clutch and is operated manually by the driver.

Manufacturer's Suggested Retail Price (MSRP)MSRP [1] is the retail price of the vehicle as recommended by the manufacturer - often called the sticker or list pric

Maximum Loaded Vehicle Weight Rating (MLVWR)The maximum weight that can be loaded in and pulled by the truck, as determined by the manufacturer. Derived frohe Vehicle Capacity Weight, it includes curb weight, vehicle accessories, vehicle options, people calculated at 150

pounds per passenger, and the maximum rated cargo and luggage load.

Micron Air Filter This is a particulate air-filtration system that reduces airborne particles larger than three microns. This helps preventpollens, spores and road dust from entering the cabin, which helps those who suffer from allergies, asthma or other breathing problems.

MIDMulti-Information Display.

Model GradeA certain model (Corolla, Avalon, etc.) may come in several varieties or levels of "trim." These are often designatedwith letter combinations, like CE or XLE. The model grade is usually based on features that come standard with avehicle, though some stylistic differences may also factor in.

MonocoqueA specialized type of unibody construction consisting of thin, carefully joined panels that provide extreme rigidity atrength. Usually used for sports cars and race cars.

MTM/T) Manual Transmission.

Multi-link suspensionA suspension design that uses multiple links to respond more precisely to the terrain and control wheel movement.

Multi-Valve EngineBy using more than the traditional one intake and one exhaust valve (two per cylinder), multiple valves (usually fouylinder) increase the flow of the fuel/air mixture into the engine and exhaust gases out of the engine. It also allows

more central location of the spark plug for more uniform combustion.

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Naturally Aspirated EngineAspiration means breathing. An internal combustion engine that is neither turbocharged nor supercharged. Naturalaspiration gives less power than either turbo- or supercharged engines of the same engine displacement, but generalloperates with better fuel efficiency.

Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH)This term covers a wide range of factors that negatively affect the quiet and quality feel of a vehicle.

OTopOccupant Classification System (OCS)A front passenger seat equipped with occupant classification sensors that will prevent a front passenger airbagdeployment if the system detects a front passenger of insufficient weight.

Odometer An instrument that measures and registers the miles and tenths of miles the vehicle has been driven.

One-Touch Hi-4 Selector n 4x4 Tacomas and 4Runners, this Limited available feature lets the driver shift into 4WD High with the touch of abutton.

Open C-Channel FrameUsed on the rear section of Toyota trucks - behind the cab, this frame design provides optimized ride quality whetheruck is loaded or unloaded. The compliance that is put into this section allows for large payload capacity withoutacrificing durability.

OptionsThese are features that do not come standard with a certain model, but are installed by the factory. Since the vehiclearrive at the dealer already equipped with options, you don't really choose an option; rather, you choose a vehicle wihe options you like. Not all options are available separately or in all regions. You can contact your Toyota dealer to

help you locate a vehicle that is right for you.

OverdrivePart of the transmission system that enables the transmission's drive shaft to run faster than the engine itself. This heo reduce engine wear and noise, and enhance fuel economy.

Overdrive TransmissionOverdrive provides a final drive ratio of less than 1:1. This allows the engine to operate at lower rpm at highwayruising speed and provides greater fuel economy, quieter operation, and less wear and tear on the engine. It also hel

vehicle maximize top-end speed. An overdrive cancel button can be used when hauling heavy loads, climbing hills o

railer towing to prevent the transmission from repeatedly shifting up and down.

OverhangRefers to the section of a vehicle's body that protrudes beyond the tires. For off-road driving, it is preferable to haveminimal overhang for easier maneuvering.

Overhead camA type of engine design in which the camshaft is located directly above the combustion chamber in the cylinder hea





nstead of in the engine block. SOHC (single overhead cam) engines have one overhead camshaft operating all thevalves.

PTopPark AssistAn advanced computerized system that utilizes sonar sensors to detect obstacles directly behind and at the front andorners of the vehicle, then alerts the driver via an indicator light on the dash and a buzzer tone. (Available on Toyot

Sienna.)

Passenger Airbag Cutoff SwitchSome Toyota models feature a Passenger Airbag Cutoff Switch [1] that can manually be set in the "on" or "off" posby turning the ignition key in the cutoff switch located in the center console.

Passenger Window Lock-Out SystemWhen used, this available system disables the passenger-side window from being operated by anyone except the driv

Passive SafetyA vehicle's safety features or equipment that help protect occupants in the event of a collision. (Examples includerumple zones, seatbelts, airbags, etc.) (See Active Safety.)

PayloadThe weight of occupants, equipment and cargo that a truck transports. If the curb weight is increased by addingomponents (such as a bigger engine or an automatic transmission), the payload rating will decrease.

Payload RatingThe maximum allowable weight, including occupants, equipment and cargo, a truck can transport - always determinby the manufacturer. Payload is calculated by subtracting curb weight from GVWR. So, if you increase the curb weby adding components (such as a bigger engine or an automatic transmission), the payload rating will decrease.

PistonCylindrical casting that moves up and down in the cylinder and pushes the engineâ€™s air/fuel mixture in or out whransmitting energy to the crankshaft.

Power-Assisted Rack-and-Pinion SteeringThe power assist to the steering varies according to engine speed. Assist is greatest at low rpm or road speed, such awhen parallel parking. Provides the driver with excellent road feel and precise steering control.

Power-Assisted Variable-Assist Power SteeringThe power-assist to the steering is adjusted according to either engine speed or road speed. Assist is greatest at low r

or road speed, such as when parallel parking. Assist is lowest when the engine or road speed is greatest such as whenruising at highway speeds.

PowertrainConsists of the engine, transmission and final drive of a vehicle.

Privacy GlassA deeply-tinted rear and side window glass that helps keep the sun's rays out of the passenger cabin and provides an


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added measure of occupant privacy.

Projector Ellipsoid System Halogen Headlamps (PES)PES headlamps distribute their light with a convex lens. Compared to more conventional reflector type lamps, PESamps use their light more efficiently and permit their long aerodynamic shape.

PurchaseTo purchase a vehicle is to outright buy it with a cash payment (possibly financed) and assume total ownership of itonce all payments are made.

Purchase OptionAn option in a lease which allows the lessee to purchase the vehicle at the end of the lease term for a specified price

R TopRack-and-Pinion SteeringConsists of a round pinion gear attached to the steering shaft, and a flat bar with gear teeth cut into it, called the rack

The rack and pinion mesh at a point between the front wheels. As the steering wheel is turned, the shaft from theteering column turns the pinion gear, forcing the rack either right or left along a horizontal plane. The rack is linkedhe wheels via tie rods, which push and pull the wheels to steer them. In general, rack-and-pinion steering is precise esponsive.

Radiator A device that transfers heat from the liquid coolant to the atmosphere.

Radio Broadcast Data System (RDS)The RDS on the optional JBL sound system allows the radio to receive digital data transmitted along with the standaFM radio signal. This information can include station call letters, program format, the name of the song and the artisplaying, as well as other useful information. RDS also helps make it easier to find traffic and emergency informationRDS allows customers to receive the weather band, which provides National Weather Service Reports 24 hours a daRDS allows the vehicle owner to personalize the radio for his preferences.

Rear Differential Lock When the transfer case is engaged in "L4," turning on the rear differential lock switch in the instrument panel "locksear differential so both wheels turn at the same rate of speed. This helps provide additional traction in inclement on

and off-road conditions.

Rear Leaf SpringsA long, thin, narrow strip of steel curved in a semi-elliptical arc and connected at each end to the vehicle's frame.Usually, more than one strip is used to form a multi-leaf spring. Rugged and simple in design, leaf springs are extrem

flexible, are able to be layered according to weight application and are designed to support heavy loads. The rear leaprings on Tundra and Tacoma 4x4 and PreRunner models are located above the axle for added ground clearance.

Rear-Seat Audio (RSA)RSA vehicles come equipped with rear-seat audio control panel behind the center console. By using headphones, theear-seat occupants can select a different audio mode than the one selected by the front-seat occupants.

Rear-Wheel Drive (RWD)





With the engine driving only the rear wheels, RWD offers advantages for high-performance driving, towing andarrying heavy loads.

Rebound SpringThe rebound spring helps to smooth vehicle ride on rough surfaces by restraining the elongation of the suspension.

Recirculating-ball steeringA highly durable steering design in which the turning forces are transmitted through ball bearings from a worm gearhe steering shift to a toothed metal block, thereby activating the steering linkage.

Refundable Security DepositAn amount collected by the lessor at the beginning of the lease to ensure the lessee's compliance with the terms of thease. The security deposit is generally refundable at lease end, provided there are no excess mileage, excess wear an

use charges, outstanding parking tickets or unpaid lease payments.

Regenerative brakingAn advanced type of braking system that is found on electric or hybrid vehicles, it works together with an electric m

o slow the vehicle and, at the same time, recapture the vehicleâ€™s energy to help recharge the hybridâ€™s batteryWith this type of brake system, the hydraulic brakes usually operate in only the last few moments of braking for grebraking performance and reduced wear on the front brake pads. (Featured on the Toyota Hybrids.)

Regular Cab2-door cab with choice of bench or captain chair seats.

Reinforced C-Channel FrameUsed under the cab area on Toyota pick up trucks, this frame design utilizes a rolled - lip c-channel structure witheinforced areas to provide optimized vertical load strength for ride quality, and side impact resistance for safety.

Residual ValueThe lease-end value of the vehicle set at lease inception by the lessor. It's usually calculated as a percentage of theMSRP. This is a component of the payment calculation.

Retail ContractA contract representing the time sale of a vehicle to a consumer.

Ring Gear Ring gear helps distribute the load over a larger area so the gears last longer when towing.

Rocker panelsThe panels located on the side of the vehicle below the doors.

RSCASide Curtain Airbags have a roll-sensing deployment feature that will inflate the curtain airbags at severe tilt angles,n a roll condition.

RSERear-seat DVD entertainment system allows rear-seat passengers to view DVD video separately from the front audiystem. The system can play DVD video, audio CDs, video CDs, CD text or DVD audio. All functions can be contr



by a remote control unit.

STopSafety Glass (Laminated)Used in windshields, this glass consists of two panes bonded together with a sheet of plastic sandwiched in betweenThis helps keep the windshield together during an impact, reducing injuries from sharp edges.

Safety Glass (Tempered)This heat-treated glass used in side and rear windows breaks into small blunt pieces when broken.

Scheduled TerminationThe end of the lease term, as called for in the lease. It is also referred to as the scheduled maturity date.

Seatbelt Pretensioners With Force LimitersSeatbelt pretensioners cinch the seatbelts during certain types of frontal impacts. Pretensioning can help the belt tommediately begin absorbing the occupants' forward momentum and help them avoid injury. All Toyota vehicles wi

eatbelt pretensioners also feature force limiters. After the pretensioners deploy and a preset amount of force has beeeached, force limiters slowly release tension on the belt to help absorb the energy of an impact.

Semi-Floating Rear AxleThe rotating axle carries much of the weight of the vehicle and its payload, which in turn creates a "bending load" onaxle. The axle is also responsible for transmitting engine torque to the wheel. Typically used in light-duty trucks, SUand cars.

Sequential Electronic Fuel Injection (SEFI)Sequential Electronic Fuel Injection system is managed by a sophisticated computer that precisely controls when eanjector opens and closes. This improves starting on cold days and helps provide better fuel economy.

Shift by wireTransmission technology in which shift performance is accomplished electronically rather than mechanically for quperformance and reduced maintenance and repairs.

Shock absorbersA sealed chamber filled with hydraulic fluid that helps the suspension system maintain optimum ride and handling.

Side-Impact Door BeamsRequired in all new passenger cars by the federal government, these are steel beams inside the door that deflect certaypes of side impacts. They may help protect passengers from intrusion in certain types of side collisions.

Skid platesPlates located on the underside of a vehicle to protect vital components from damage when driving off road or throuugged terrain.

Smart Key SystemAn advanced computerized system that uses sensors to automatically unlock the doors and start the vehicle without use of a traditional key. Also see keyless entry, keyless start and push-button start.





Spark plugsThe electrical component in the engine's combustion chamber that ignites the air/fuel mixture.

Speed-Rated TiresA designation of the sustained high-speed capability of the tire. Special compounds and construction enable these tiro withstand the increase in pressure that comes at higher speeds. The speed rating is the letter on the sidewall in theire's size (e.g., P205/65HR15, H=130 mph-rated).

SpringsComponents that help the suspension deliver optimum ride and handling. Springs vary by design and include leaf prings, coil springs and torsion bar.

Sprung weightThe portion of a vehicle's weight that is supported by springs (including body, engine, transmission, passengers andargo).

Stabilizer Bar

Sometimes called an anti-roll or sway bar, this is a bar or tube that links one side of the suspension to the other. Thetabilizer bar acts as a torsion spring to resist twisting and reduce body roll during hard cornering.

Stainless Steel ExhaustBecause it is subject to extreme temperatures and water condensation, an exhaust system is particularly prone toorrosion. Stainless steel resists corrosion better than ordinary steel.

Stake Bed PocketsA series of squared-off, functionally designed "holes" or stake pockets along both sides of the top of the Tundra bedallow it to be easily transformed into a stake-bed truck. Each Tundra has four or six stake pockets (depending on cabtyle).

Star Safety SystemTM (STAR)Toyota's Star Safety SystemTM consists of five mechanisms that work together to help keep Toyota drivers in contrThey are:

Anti-lock Brake System (ABS)

Electronic Brake-force Distribution (EBD)

Vehicle Stability Control (VSC)

Traction Control (4-wheel on 4WD models; includes auto limited-slip rear differential function on 2WD models)

Brake Assist (BA)

The combination of components of the Star Safety SystemTM helps the driver maintain control in a variety of drivin

ituations.

Starter motor A small electric motor that initially turns the engine during start-up.

Sub-frameA partial frame that is sometimes bolted to the body of unibody vehicles. A sub-frame can be used to support the en



ransmission and front suspension instead of having these components connect directly to the main body structure.

SULEVSuper Ultra Low Emission Vehicle meets California Super Ultra Low Emission Vehicle and the Federal emissionsegulations.

Synchronizer A cone or sleeve friction device that ensures that the gears in a transmission are rotating at the same speed before theare engaged. This helps reduce gear grinding when shifting.

TTopTachometer An instrument for measuring and indicating the speed at which the engine crankshaft is turning, as measured inevolutions per minute (rpm).

Tailored blanksPieces of metal that become progressively thicker as they get closer to the passenger compartment in order to absorbforce of an impact.

TermThe duration of the retail contract/lease agreement, usually expressed in months (e.g., 24 or 36 months).

Third Party AnalysisR.L. Polk and Co. uses the most accurate and unbiased data available when providing you with competitive vehicle

nformation. Certain specifications, prices and equipment data have been provided under license from R. L. Polk & "Polk"). © 2009 R. L. Polk & Co.. All Rights Reserved. This information is supplied for personal use only and may

be used for any commercial purpose whatsoever without the express written consent of R. L. Polk & Co. Polk makeguarantee or warranty, either express or implied, including without limitation any warranty of merchantability or fitnfor particular purpose, with respect to the data presented here. All specifications, prices and equipment are subject tohange without notice.

Three-Way Catalytic converter (TWC)Three-Way Catalytic converter is an ultra thin-wall, ceramic type of front TWC to improve exhaust gas reductionperformance and comply with the LEV and SFTP emission regulations.

Tie RodRods that link the pitman arm and the idler arm to transmit lateral motion to the steering knuckle arms.

Tie-Down HooksThe cargo bed of Tacoma and Tundra pickups features four tie-down hooks located on the inside of the bed. They mecuring loads easy and convenient.





Tire Aspect RatioThe ratio of the tire section height to section width. The section height is the distance from the rim flange to the treaurface. Section height and width can be read by looking at a cross section of a tire, like cutting a piece out of a pie.

Tire Load IndexPrinted on the sidewall of the tire, the load index is a comparative number that gives the load rating of the tire.

Tire Pressure Monitor System (TPMS)The Tire Pressure Monitor System (TPMS) [1] uses two logic systems to determine the tire pressure and alerts the df the pressure is seriously low. When tire pressure is critically low, an indicator lamp illuminates in the instrument po alert the driver.

Tire Speed RatingTires are speed rated from 99 to 186 mph. The most common speed ratings are T (118 mph) and H (130 mph). Both

hose ratings clearly exceed the nationally posted speed limits and would make excellent long-distance highway tire

Tongue Weight (TW)Trailer Tongue Weight is the amount of weight pressing down on the tow vehicle hitch. To measure trailer tongueweight, place the tongue of the trailer on a scale when the trailer is not attached to the vehicle. Too much tongue wean press the tow vehicle down in back, causing the front wheels to lift to the point where traction, steering response

braking are severely decreased. Suspension or drivetrain damage can result. Too little tongue weight can reduce rearwheel traction and cause instability, swaying or jackknifing. For bumper-pull and receiver-style hitches, to insure prhandling, keep the trailer tongue load between 10%â€“15% of the actual trailer weight, within the limits of themaximum trailer tongue weight allowable. For example, for a 2,500-pound trailer, multiply the weight of 2,500 pou

by 10% to arrive at a figure of 250 pounds If using a 5th-wheel or gooseneck trailer, tongue weight should beapproximately 20â€“25% of trailer weight.

Tonneau Cover The tonneau cover is used to conceal cargo. When the cover is pulled out, it keeps items out of the sun and providesxtra security by keeping personal items out of sight.

TorqueA measurement of force by a twisting motion. In an engine, torque is the twisting force at the crankshaft measured ipound-feet (lb.-ft.). One poundfoot is the force of one pound acting at a right angle at the end of an arm one foot lon

Simply stated, torque is the engine force that gets a vehicle to speed--felt especially at off-line take-off and duringacceleration.

Torque Converter A specialized fluid coupling between the engine and automatic transmission. The torque converter eliminates a foot-operated manual clutch. It allows the transmission to be "in gear" at stops and smooth, automatic and controlled takeoffs and gear shifting during acceleration and towing. This system actually has no direct mechanical connection, but

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actually uses a rotating "fan" in a fluid to send power to wheels. When the engine turns the fan attached to it, it driveurns the fan attached to the transmission, which sends power to the rear wheels.

Torque MultiplicationThe effect that gear ratios have on output torque compared to input torque. For example, if there is 100 lb.-ft. of torq

applied to the input gear of a system where the overall ratio is 2:1, the output torque of the system will be multiplied200 lb.-ft.

Touch-Select 4WD Switchn Tundras, this feature lets the driver select between 2WD and 4HI, and between 4HI and 4LO with a switch foundhe instrument panel.

Tow/Haul ModeDesigned to improve driving and engine braking performance when pulling a heavy trailer or hauling a heavy load bhanging the transmission shift programming to hold engine revs longer before upshifting or downshifting.

Towing CapacityThe maximum weight a truck can pull. Towing the maximum weight may require a particular transmission, trailer hor other equipment.

Towing WeightThe total weight of a trailer and its contents, including filled holding tanks.

Toyota Computer Controlled System (TCCS)A system used in all Toyota vehicles to monitor a variety of factors, including engine speed, engine temperature, air

emperature and engine load. This information is sent to a sophisticated computer, which then coordinates adjustmeno the fuel injection and ignition system. This technology can optimize engine operation for emissions, performancefficiency under varying driving conditions.

Toyota Direct Ignition (TDI)This system eliminates all moving parts within the ignition system (including the distributor cap and rotor) by placinompact ignition coil linked directly to each of the spark plugs (or on V6, one coil for pair), which minimizes misfir

and loss of engine power; in addition, this system may eliminate the need for spark plug wires. The result is improveperformance, greater durability, reliability and reduced maintenance.

Toyota Racing Development (TRD)Toyota Racing Development.

Toyota Vehicle Intrusion Protection (VIP)Toyota Vehicle Intrusion Protection (VIP) is an optional alarm system that flashes the headlamps and taillamps andounds the horn when a secured Toyota vehicle is broken into. It also disables the starter if someone forcibly enters t

vehicle. The system is automatically armed by removing the ignition key from the ignition.



Track The distance from the center of one tire (or wheel) to the opposite tire (or wheel).

Traction Control (TRAC)

The sophisticated Toyota system is an all-speed design that utilizes both brake and engine throttle control. TRAC heo avoid slippage of the driving wheels by slightly applying the brake on a slipping drive wheel and reducing the thro maintain traction according to the road surface conditions. The system eliminates the need for a subtle accelerator

pedal operation and helps ensure vehicle control when starting or accelerating on slippery roads.

Trailer and Receiver Hitch ClassesClass I (light-duty): 2,000-pound maximum trailer weight, 200-pound tongue weight (300 pounds with a weight-distributing hitch).Class II (medium-duty): 3,500-pound-maximum trailer weight, 300-pound tongue weight (up to 5pounds with weight-distributing hitch).Class III (heavy-duty): 5,000-pound maximum trailer weight (7,500-pound trweight with a weight-distributing hitch), 300â€“500-pound tongue weight (up to 750 pounds with a weight-distribut

hitch).Class IV (extra-heavy-duty): 10,000â€“12,000-pound and above maximum trailer weight depending on themanufacturer (1,000-pound tongue weight with a weight-distributing hitch).Class V: Receiver hitch can be over 12,0pounds.

Trailing ArmA suspension component consisting of a longitudinal member that pivots from the body at its forward end and has awheel hub attached at the other end (the trailing end). It is similar to a semi-trailing arm system except that its pivot s directly perpendicular to the vehicle's longitudinal axis.

Transfer Case

Four-wheel drive vehicles require a system of gears between the front and rear axles to transfer power from theransmission to those axles. Transfer cases typically have two gear ranges: high and low. Low range is used for extre

off-road conditions.

Transmission Cooler An auxiliary cooler that is available to provide extra cooling for automatic transmission fluid. Lower temperatures eonger transmission life.

Tread. The outside band of rubber bonded to a tire. The tread is the portion of the tire that contacts the road surface. 2.

Sometimes this term is also interchanged with track.

Tripmeter An instrument that can be used to measure the distance between specific points or between fill-ups.

Turning Circle (Diameter)Typically measured curb-to-curb, this is the tightest possible circle driven by the outside front tire between two



maginary curbs.

Twin-Cam Engine (DOHC)See Double Overhead Cam (DOHC).

Two-Turn Door Locksn a vehicle with this feature (including all Toyotas with power door locks), only the driver's door is unlocked when

key is turned in that door's lock. A second turn unlocks the other doors. This provides extra security in situations whhe driver desires to open only one door, yet also allows the convenience of easily unlocking doors for all passenger

UTopUltra Low Emission Vehicle II (ULEV II)Ultra Low Emission II Vehicle meets California Ultra Low Emission Vehicle II and the Federal Tier 2 Bin 5 emissioegulations.

UnibodyThe floor pan of a vehicle and chassis are connected to form a single structure; there is no separate frame. By weldinall body panels together to form the vehicle's frame, it is possible to build in strength and rigidity with less weight.

Unsprung weightThe weight of vehicle components that are not supported by the springs, including the wheels, tires, brakes anduspension components.

Uphill and Downhill Shift Logic

Advanced computerized technology applied to select automatic transmission models for smoother, more positive shperformance when traveling up or down a hill.

Used VehicleA vehicle that has been previously owned or driven. Also referred to as a pre-owned car.

VTopValet Trunk-Locking SystemA locking system with two different keys. One key can only open the doors and operate the ignition. The second key

opens all locks, including those for the glove box and trunk or rear hatch, and operates the ignition. The purpose is toprovide a valet with a key that operates the ignition, but does not unlock the storage compartments. On cars with foleatbacks, this locking system also includes special seat latches to help keep the contents of the trunk or hatch secur

ValvetrainA collection of components that enables the valves to operate, including the camshaft(s) and all related driveomponents.







Variable Valve Timing and Lift with intelligence (VVTL-i)Based on the VVT-i system, the VVTL-i system has adopted a cam changeover mechanism that varies the amount oof the intake and exhaust valves while the engine is operating at high speeds. In addition to achieving higher enginepeeds and higher outputs, this system enables the valve timing to be optimally set, resulting in improved fuel econo

When the engine is operating in the low- to mid-speed range, the low- and medium-speed cams of the camshafts opeo move the two valves via the rocker arms. Then, when the engine is operating in the high-speed range, the signals he sensors cause the engine's control module (ECM) to change the hydraulic passage of the oil control valve (for th

variable valve lift), thus changing to the operation of the high-speed cams. Now the lift of the intake and exhaust valncreases, allowing the introduction of a greater volume of air-fuel mixture, as well as the discharge of a greater volu

of exhaust gases. As a result, the engine operates at higher speeds and higher outputs when the engine is under moretrain.

Variable Valve Timing with intelligence (VVT-i)This system selects the ideal intake and exhaust valve overlap under all engine operating conditions. VVT-i virtually

liminates the traditional compromises between low-end torque and high-rpm horsepower. It also helps enhance fueconomy and reduces emissions so effectively that it eliminates the need for the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR)missions device.

Vehicle Capacity Weight (VCW)A measurement of cargo capacity. More precise than payload, which factors in optional equipment and people, VCWalso factors in accessory weight plus rated cargo and luggage load.

Vehicle Dynamics Intergrated Management system (VDIM)On hybrid models this system anticipates loss of vehicle control in virtually any direction and helps to correct the

ituation while allowing higher dynamic capability. VDIM constantly calculates vehicle motion based on signals froyaw rate and deceleration sensor, wheel speed sensors and steering angle sensor.

Vehicle Stability Control (VSC)The VSC system electronically monitors speed and direction, and compares the vehicle's direction of travel with thedriver's steering, acceleration and braking inputs. VSC can help compensate for loss of traction which can cause skidutilizes some components shared with the Anti-lock Brake System (ABS) and an electronically controlled enginehrottle as well as a dedicated computer and sensors providing information to the VSC system. These include a yaw ensor, a G-sensor and a steering angle sensor. When VSC is active, a warning beep tone and instrument panel warnight indicate that the system is functioning. In many cases, VSC reacts well before the driver is aware of a loss of

raction. As with other safety technologies, such as anti-lock brakes, it is important to drive safely, since VehicleStability Control cannot defy the laws of physics, nor can it provide more traction than exists in a given condition.

Ventilated Disc brakesA type of brake that consists of a flat rotor or disc that turns with the wheel and a stationary component called a calihat fits around the disc and is supported by suspension components. Because the discs are open, this type of brake h

dissipate heat quickly.



ViscosityRefers to the ability of a liquid to flow. Engine oil with high viscosity is thick and flows slowly while engine oil witow viscosity flows more easily.

V-type engineAn engine configuration in which the cylinders are laid out in a V formation.

WTopWeight-Carrying HitchThis hitch is engineered to carry all of the tongue weight of the trailer.

Weight-Distributing HitchThis hitch, which often includes a sway bar, allows most of the trailer's tongue weight to be transferred to the tow

vehicle's frame (through the hitch receiver). The total load is distributed to all the axles of the truck and trailer.

WheelbaseThe horizontal distance from the center of the vehicle's front wheel to the center of the rear wheel.

Windows Media Audio (WMA)Windows Media Audio is a music media format that can be played on vehicles with WMA/MP3 capabilities.



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