toyota’s initiatives for realizing sustainable mobility · 1 august 28, 2008 toyota motor...

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August 28, 2008

Toyota Motor Corporation

August 28, 2008

Toyota Motor Corporation

Toyota’s Initiatives for Realizing Sustainable Mobility

2

Executive Vice President

Masatami Takimoto

Executive Vice President

Masatami Takimoto

3

３．

Prevention of Air Pollution３．３．

Prevention of Air PollutionPrevention of Air Pollution

１．Reducing Oil Consumption and Promoting Wide Use of Alternative Energies１．１．Reducing Oil Consumption Reducing Oil Consumption

and Promoting Wide Use of Alternative Energiesand Promoting Wide Use of Alternative Energies

２．

Reducing CO2（for preventing global warming）２．２．

Reducing COReducing CO22（（for preventing global warmingfor preventing global warming））

Recognizing Challenges

4

Size and weight reduction is crucial to energy conservation and lower CO2 emissions

Size and weight reduction is crucial to energy conservation and Size and weight reduction is crucial to energy conservation and lower COlower CO22 emissionsemissions

【

Six methods by which world’s most compact vehicle was achieved 】【

Six methods by which world’s most compact vehicle was achieved 】

Differential gear reverse placementDifferential gear reverse placement Center take-off gearboxCenter take-off gearbox

Placement of ultra-thin fuel tank under floorPlacement of ultra-thin fuel tank under floor

Compact air conditioning unitCompact air conditioning unit Asymmetric installment panelAsymmetric installment panel

Slimmed seat backsSlimmed seat backs

Initiatives for Reducing Size and Weight of Vehicles

5

L31.0ℓL3

1.0ℓ

Newly- developed

L41.3ℓ

New Start & Stop system

Newly- developed

L41.3ℓ

New Start & Stop system

L41.8ℓ2.0ℓ

Valvematic system

L41.8ℓ2.0ℓ

Valvematic system

Newly- developed

L42.5ℓ2.7ℓ

Newly- developed

L42.5ℓ2.7ℓ

V62.5ℓ3.0ℓ3.5ℓ4.0ℓ

V62.5ℓ3.0ℓ3.5ℓ4.0ℓ

V84.6ℓ5.0ℓ5.7ℓ

V84.6ℓ5.0ℓ5.7ℓ

Advanced Gasoline Engine Technology

Complete upgrading all of engine series from L3 1.0 ℓ

through V8Complete upgrading all of engine series from L3 1.0 ℓ

through V8

-Promote and expand valvematic system and new start & stop system - Add variations of fuel-efficient engines--Promote and expand Promote and expand valvematicvalvematic system and new start & stop system system and new start & stop system -- Add variations of fuelAdd variations of fuel--efficient enginesefficient engines

6

Advanced Gasoline Engine Technology

＜Improvement of fuel efficiency＞＜Improvement of fuel efficiency＞＜Weight reduction＞＜Weight reduction＞

＜Improvement of performance＞＜Improvement of performance＞

25

20

15

10

5

Fuel

Econ

omy1

0・15

mode

drivi

ng （

km/ℓ）

Engine

former new former new former new former new

Achieved improvement in fuel efficiency by introducing new engines

■Fuel efficiency comparison（new-former）■Fuel efficiency comparison（new-former）

former1SZ-FE

new1KR-FE

former1AZ-FSE

new3ZR-FAE 2JZ-FSE 2GR-FSE 3UZ-FE 1UR-FSE

former new former new

engine

Weig

ht co

mpar

ison b

y outp

ut（kg

/kW/ℓ）

Reduced weight by using aluminum material, and modularized parts.

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0 ■Engine weight comparison（new-former)■Engine weight comparison（new-former)

1.0ℓ

class2.0ℓ

class

3.0ℓ

class 4.0ℓ

class

Performance improved by introducing D-4S, high compression ratio, and lowering friction.

Outpu

t com

paris

on（

kW/ℓ）

50

60

70

‘90 ’95 ‘00 ‘05 ’08（year）

Achieved improvement in fuel efficiency and in performance, and reducing weight at the same time

Achieved improvement in fuel efficiency and in performance, Achieved improvement in fuel efficiency and in performance, and reducing weight at the same timeand reducing weight at the same time

Vitz

Noah

EstimaCrown

1AZ-FSE1KR-FE1SZ-FE 3ZR-FAE 4GR-FSE1JZ-GE 2GR-FE1MZ-FE

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Total number of production volume has reached 20 million

Total number of production volume has reached 20 million

Million units

Diesel Engines Lineup

Wide variation lineup and production volume of Diesel EnginesWide variation lineup and production volume of Diesel EnginesWide variation lineup and production volume of Diesel Engines

1.4 liter

Debut scheduledin 2012

Debut scheduledin 2012

1.6 liter class 2.0-2.2 liter 2.5-3.0 liter V8 4.5 liter

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

20

468

1012

Production Volume of Diesel Engines

8

MomeｎtaryFE

11.4km/LInstantaneous fuel consumption display Instantaneous fuel consumption display

ＥＣＯ Eco drive status indicatorEco drive status indicator

＜Examples of Eco Driving＞● Avoid sudden acceleration● Set higher temperature in summer● Set lower temperature in winter

＜Examples of Eco Driving＞● Avoid sudden acceleration● Set higher temperature in summer● Set lower temperature in winter

Eco Driving Mode Switch

Encouraging “eco driving” ⇒ reduced CO2 emissions volumeEncouraging Encouraging ““eco drivingeco driving”” ⇒⇒ reduced COreduced CO22 emissions volumeemissions volume

Eco Driving Mode SwitchEco Driving Mode Switch New Eco Driving Support SystemNew Eco Driving Support System

Eco Driving IndicatorEco Driving Indicator

- Environmentally considerate driving- Safe driving- Environmentally considerate driving- Safe driving

VehicleVehicle

DriverDriver

AdviceAdvice

Encouraging “Eco Driving”

External environment -Environmental evaluation

- Safety evaluation

- Advice notification

-Point assignment

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Vehicle Weight (ton)

CO2

Emiss

ion

(g/km

)

PriusPriusCamry HVCamry HV

GS450hGS450hRX400hRX400h

LS600hLS600h

GasolineGasoline

DieselDiesel

Gasoline HVGasoline HV

Heavy

Large

EC mode

HVs contribute to reduced CO2 emissionsHVsHVs contribute to reduced COcontribute to reduced CO22 emissionsemissions

Environmental Superiority of Hybrid Vehicles (HV)

10

9090

8080

7070

6060

5050

4040

3030

2020

1010

100100

00

(10 thousand）(10 thousand）

’97’97 ’98’98 ’99’99 ’00’00 ’01’01 ’02’02 ’03’03 ’04’04 ’05’05 ’06’06 ’07’07 ’08’08 ’09’09 (year）(year）

Annual sales of Toyota HV（world wide）Annual sales of Toyota HV（world wide）

Expansion of HV Introduction

Accelerate introducing hybrid models to meet market demandAccelerate introducing hybrid models to meet market demandAccelerate introducing hybrid models to meet market demand

11

55

’03 Prius ’05 RX400h’97 Prius ’06 GS450h ’07 LS600hTe

chno

logy

Tech

nolog

yOu

tput d

ensit

y rati

oOu

tput d

ensit

y rati

o

11

33

66

44

22

Reducing size and weight by increasing output densityReducing size and weight by increasing output densityReducing size and weight by increasing output density

Permanent Magnet MotorPermanent Magnet MotorIncreasing voltageIncreasing voltage

Increasing speedIncreasing speedTwo-stage motor speed

reduction gear Two-stage motor speed

reduction gear

33 kW 50 kW 123 kW 147 kW 165 kW

Evolution of Electric Motors for Hybrid Vehicles

12

55

Tech

nolog

yTe

chno

logy

Outpu

t den

sity r

atio

Outpu

t den

sity r

atio

11

33

44

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Optimizing placement of partsOptimizing placement of partsIntegrating the intelligent power moduleIntegrating the intelligent power module

Improving cooling capabilityImproving cooling capability

Evolution of Inverter for Hybrid Vehicles

Reducing size and weight by increasing output densityReducing size and weight by increasing output densityReducing size and weight by increasing output density

’03 Prius ’05 RX400h’97 Prius ’06 GS450h ’07 LS600h

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0Volume output density (W/ℓ)Volume output density (W/ℓ)

Mass

outpu

t den

sity (

W/kg

)Ma

ss ou

tput d

ensit

y (W

/kg)

Lighter

(Cylindrical)(Cylindrical)

(Square plastic package)(Square plastic package)

Smaller

30% Improvement

30% Improvement

’03 Prius

’00 Prius(Square resin package)(Square resin package)

’97 Prius

RX400h(Square metal package)(Square metal package)

Evolution of Batteries for Hybrid Vehicles

Decreasing size and weight by increasing output densityDecreasing size and weight by increasing output densityDecreasing size and weight by increasing output density

35% Improvement

35% Improvement

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Evolution of Cost Reduction of Hybrid Vehicles

- Realized to cut HV system cost in half over the 1st Prius- Continue to work for further reduction-- Realized to cut HV system cost in half over the 1Realized to cut HV system cost in half over the 1stst PriusPrius-- Continue to work for further reductionContinue to work for further reduction

2nd PriusFirst Prius Next Prius

Achieved ½ cost

reduction Continue further cost reduction

HV S

yste

m C

ost

HV S

yste

m C

ost

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Cumulative CO2 emissions volume = No. vehicles sold driving distance fuel efficiency CO2 emissions factorCumulative CO2 emissions volume = No. vehicles sold driving distance fuel efficiency CO2 emissions factor

（million）（million）

19971997 19981998 19991999 20002000 20012001 20022002 20032003 20042004 20052005 20062006 2007200700

0.20.2

0.40.4

0.60.6

0.80.8

1.01.0

（

Toyota estimates ）（

Toyota estimates ）

20082008

1.21.2

1.41.4

1.61.6

(year)(year)

CO2 emissions volume from conventional gasoline-powered vehicles of equivalent size and performance

CO2 emissions volume from conventional gasoline-powered vehicles of equivalent size and performance

CO2 emissions volume from HVsCO2 emissions volume from HVs

Cumulative HV salesCumulative HV salesCO2 emissions reductionof approximately7.5 million tons

CO2 emissions reductionof approximately7.5 million tons

Effect on CO2 Emissions Reduction by Introducing HV

CO2 emissions reduced by approximately 7.5 million tons due to sales of 1.6 million HVs

COCO22 emissions reduced by approximately 7.5 million tons emissions reduced by approximately 7.5 million tons due to sales of 1.6 million due to sales of 1.6 million HVsHVs

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HV Competitiveness of HV With Other Car Makers

- Toyota overcomes other car makers in HV sales- Toyota HV superiors other makers’ HV in fuel efficiency-- Toyota overcomes other car makers in HV salesToyota overcomes other car makers in HV sales-- Toyota HV superiors other makersToyota HV superiors other makers’’ HV in fuel efficiencyHV in fuel efficiency

(thousand units/year)

2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000Vehicle Weight （ｌｂｓ）

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Fuel

Econ

omy （ｍｐｇ）

◆

◆

◆

◆

◆◆◆

◆◆◆◆

■■■■■■■■

▲▲▲▲ ● ●

’02 ’03 ’04 ’05 ’06 ’07’01’00’99’98’970

50■

Toyota

Maker Ａ

Maker BMaker C

100

150

200

250300

350400450

Toyota HV

Other Makers HV

◆

◆

◆◆

◆▲

▲

▲▲

▲▲

▲

◆

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Household electricityHousehold electricity

Fuel Tank

Recharging battery using an external power sourceShort distance:EV, Long distance:HVRecharging battery using an external power sourceShort distance:EV, Long distance:HV

Engine

Motor

Plug-In Hybrid Vehicle

Battery

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HybridHybrid

Short distance: EVShort distance: EV Long distance: HVLong distance: HV

ElectricityElectricity

What is Plug-In Hybrid Vehicle?

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Partner: EDF

＜ Expected Values for EV Driving Distance ＞（Result of the user questionnaires）

Verification testing is underway in Japan, Europe and the USA⇒confirmation of improved fuel efficiency for plug-in hybrid vehicles

Verification testing is underway in Japan, Europe and the USAVerification testing is underway in Japan, Europe and the USA⇒⇒confirmation of improved fuel efficiency for plugconfirmation of improved fuel efficiency for plug--in hybrid vehiclesin hybrid vehicles

＜ Fuel Efficiency Improvement ＞＜ Fuel Efficiency Improvement ＞Data on driving in JapanData on driving in Japan

1010

88

66

44

22

00 2020 4040 6060

10km10km

20km20km40km40km

OtherOther

No AnswerNo Answer

Results of Verification Testing for Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles

20％

7％7％

19％19％ 22％22％

30％30％

Partner：University of CaliforniaBerkeley, Irvine

(13km EV driving distance)(13km EV driving distance)

Fuel

effici

ency

(g

asoli

ne ve

hicle=

1) Toyota PHVsToyota PHVs

PriusPrius

Level of gasoline vehiclesLevel of gasoline vehicles

Driving distance after battery charged (km)Driving distance after battery charged (km)

http://public-domain-archive.com/national/country.php?target=116



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Biofuel compatible plug-in hybrid vehicle + Solar power generation systemWell to Wheel CO2 emissions can be reduced to zero

BiofuelBiofuel compatible plugcompatible plug--in hybrid vehicle + Solar powerin hybrid vehicle + Solar power generationgeneration systemsystemWell to Wheel COWell to Wheel CO22 emissions can be reduced to zeroemissions can be reduced to zero

Battery of a Bio-fuel Compatible PHV Charged Using a Solar Power Generation System

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Toyota RAV4 EVToyota RAV4 EV

Toyota e-comToyota e-com

Challenges for EV:1) Cruising range, 2) cost, 3) charging time, 4) dedicated charging infrastructure

For the time being, a realistic option as compact commuter vehicles

Challenges for EV:Challenges for EV:1) Cruising range, 2) cost, 3) charging time, 4) dedicated charg1) Cruising range, 2) cost, 3) charging time, 4) dedicated charging infrastructureing infrastructure

For the time being, a realistic option as compact commuter vehiFor the time being, a realistic option as compact commuter vehiclescles

EV Initiatives

Accelerate R&D of Accelerate R&D of new generation EVnew generation EV(in early 2010s)(in early 2010s)

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FFVFFV

FCHVFCHV

Alternative Fuels Initiatives（Bio Fuels, Natural Gas, Hydrogen）

Place HV and PHV as core technologies, Toyota develops and offers items based on the concept “right vehicle for the right place at the right time”

Place HV and PHV as core technologies, Toyota develops and offerPlace HV and PHV as core technologies, Toyota develops and offers items s items based on the concept based on the concept ““right vehicle for the right place at the right timeright vehicle for the right place at the right time””

Bio FuelsBio Fuels- Research for cellulose ethanol manufacture - Completed all models to adopted to E10-Development of vehicles like FFV or BDF-vehicles

to satisfy regional demand

HydrogenHydrogen- Steady advances in FC vehicle technology

Natural GasNatural Gas- Introducing CNG vehicle

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Power splitPower splitdevicedevice

GeneratorGenerator

BatteryBattery

MotorMotorPowerPowerControlControl

UnitUnit

ICE Hybrid VehicleICE Hybrid Vehicle

Hybrid technologyHybrid technologyHybrid technology

Scenarios for Response to Environment and Energy Issues

Elec

tricit

y El

ectri

city

gene

ratio

nge

nera

tion

Hydr

ogen

Hy

drog

en

prod

uctio

npr

oduc

tion

BiomassBiomass

NuclearNuclearenergyenergy

Hydro,Hydro,Solar,Solar,

GeothermalGeothermalenergyenergy

CoalCoal

NaturalNaturalgasgas

OilOil

Synthetic fuelsSynthetic fuels(GTL/CTL/BTL)(GTL/CTL/BTL)


HydrogenHydrogen

Gasoline and Gasoline and diesel fueldiesel fuel (from (from conventional oil conventional oil fields)fields)

Gasoline and Gasoline and diesel fueldiesel fuel(from deep(from deep--sea oil sea oil fields, oil fields, oil shalesshales, etc.), etc.)

GasGas

Gasification/synthetic technology

CO2 reduction technology (during production of fuel)

Obtain desired properties

Technologyutilizing cellulose

CO2 reduction technology (thermal power station)

CO2 reduction technology (during hydrogen production)

Infrastructure development

Hydrogen storage technology

Electrical storage technology for EV

Drilling and refining technologyand cost

Stabilize supply


Gas storagetechnology Build

infrastructure

2010 2030

BioBio--ethanol /ethanol /biobio--dieseldiesel

EngineEngineFuel TankFuel Tank

Bio-fuel,GTL/CTL/BTL,

Gas, etc

Electrical storage technology for PHVs

and small EVs

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GeneratorGenerator

MotorMotor

Plug-in Hybrid VehiclePlug-in Hybrid Vehicle

PlugPlug

PowerPowerControlControl

UnitUnitElec

tricit

y El

ectri

city

gene

ratio

nge

nera

tion

Hydr

ogen

Hy

drog

en

prod

uctio

npr

oduc

tion

BiomassBiomass




CoalCoal


OilOil



HydrogenHydrogen



GasGas






and small EVs







Stabilize supply



infrastructure

2010 2030



EngineEngineFuel TankFuel Tank

Bio-fuel,GTL/CTL/BTL,

Gas, etc

BatteryBattery

25


Electric Vehicle Electric Vehicle

PlugPlug

MotorMotor

EngineEngineFuelFuelTankTank

BatteryBattery


UnitUnit


GeneratorGenerator

Elec

tricit

y El

ectri

city

gene

ratio

nge

nera

tion

Hydr

ogen

Hy

drog

en

prod

uctio

npr

oduc

tion

BiomassBiomass




CoalCoal


OilOil



HydrogenHydrogen



GasGas











Stabilize supply



infrastructure

2010 2030




and small EVs

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BatteryBattery

MotorMotor

Fuel-Cell Hybrid Vehicle(FCHV)

Fuel-Cell Hybrid Vehicle(FCHV)


HydrogenHydrogenTankTank


GeneratorGenerator


UnitUnit

FCFCStackStack

Elec

tricit

y El

ectri

city

gene

ratio

nge

nera

tion

Hydr

ogen

Hy

drog

en

prod

uctio

npr

oduc

tion

BiomassBiomass




CoalCoal


OilOil



HydrogenHydrogen



GasGas











Stabilize supply



infrastructure

2010 2030




and small EVs

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New battery research department to be established as part of efforts to accelerate R&D for a next generation battery

New battery research department to be established as part of New battery research department to be established as part of efforts to accelerate R&D for a next generation batteryefforts to accelerate R&D for a next generation battery

1010 100100 10001000 1000010000

Lithiu

m-ion b

atteri

es

Natio

nal p

rojec

t targe

ts

Lithiu

m-ion b

atteri

es

Natio

nal p

rojec

t targe

ts

’10’10

’20’20

’15’15

Nickel-hydride batteries Nickel-hydride batteries

10001000

20002000

40004000

60006000

80008000

1000010000

Traditional battery performance limit Traditional battery performance limit

Outpu

t Den

sity (

W/l)

Outpu

t Den

sity (

W/l)

Energy Density (W/l) (=Cruising Distance)Energy Density (W/l) (=Cruising Distance)

AResearch bodiesA

Research bodies

BUniversitiesB

Universities

AResearch bodiesA

Research bodies

ElectrochemistryElectrochemistry

Organic and inorganic chemistryOrganic and inorganic chemistry

Chemical engineeringChemical engineering

Analysis Analysis

SimulationSimulation

Recruitment and training of research personnel

Recruitment and training of research personnel

Toyotabattery

researchdepartment

(openlaboratory)

Toyotabattery

researchdepartment

(openlaboratory)

Next Generation Batteries

Research Organization for Next-generation Batteries

“Sakichi”Batteries Physical chemistryPhysical chemistry

Solid-state physicsSolid-state physics

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Global R&D Centers

AustraliaAustraliaAustraliaEuropeEuropeEurope

North AmericaNorth AmericaNorth America South East AsiaSouth East AsiaSouth East Asia JapanJapanJapan

North America Research Center（TRI-NA) is newly-organized

North America Research Center（TRI-NA) is newly-organized

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TODAY for TOMORROWTODAY for TOMORROW

toyota’s initiatives for realizing sustainable mobility · 1 august 28, 2008 toyota motor...

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