toyota’s initiatives for realizing sustainable mobility · 2008-10-02 · 2 . emissions size and...

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1 October 2008

Masatami Takimoto

Toyota Motor Corporation

1 October 2008

Masatami Takimoto

Toyota Motor Corporation

Toyota’s Initiatives for Realizing Sustainable Mobility

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3. Prevent Air Pollution3. 3. Prevent Air PollutionPrevent Air Pollution

1. Reduce Oil Consumption and Promote Wider Use of Alternative Energies

1. 1. Reduce Oil Consumption Reduce Oil Consumption and Promote Wider Use of Alternative Energiesand Promote Wider Use of Alternative Energies

2. Reduce CO2 （for prevention of global warming）2. 2. Reduce COReduce CO2 2 （（for prevention of global warmingfor prevention of global warming））

Recognizing Challenges

3

Size and weight reduction is crucial to energy conservation and lower CO2 emissions

Size and weight reduction is crucial to energy conservation and Size and weight reduction is crucial to energy conservation and lower COlower CO22 emissionsemissions

【

Six methods by which the world’s most

compact vehicle was achieved 】【

Six methods by which the world’s most

compact vehicle was achieved 】Reverse placement of differential gear Reverse placement of differential gear Centered take-off gearboxCentered take-off gearbox

Placement of ultra-thin fuel tank under floorPlacement of ultra-thin fuel tank under floor

Compact air conditioning unitCompact air conditioning unit Asymmetric installment panelAsymmetric installment panel

Slimmed backs of car seatsSlimmed backs of car seats

Initiatives for Reducing Size and Weight of Vehicles

4

L31.0LL3

1.0L

Newly- developed

L41.3L

New Start & Stop system

Newly- developed

L41.3L

New Start & Stop system

L41.8L2.0L

Valvematic system

L41.8L2.0L

Valvematic system

Newly- developed

L42.5L2.7L

Newly- developed

L42.5L2.7L

V62.5L3.0L3.5L4.0L

V62.5L3.0L3.5L4.0L

V84.6L5.0L5.7L

V84.6L5.0L5.7L

Add variations of fuel-efficient enginesAdd variations of fuelAdd variations of fuel--efficient enginesefficient engines

Advanced Gasoline Engine Technology

Complete upgrading of entire engine series from L3 (1.0 L) to V8Complete upgrading of entire engine series from L3 (1.0 L) to V8

5

Advanced Gasoline Engine Technology

＜Improvement of fuel efficiency＞＜Improvement of fuel efficiency＞＜Weight reduction＞＜Weight reduction＞

＜Improvement of performance＞＜Improvement of performance＞

CO2

Decla

red V

alue （

g/km）

Engine

former new former1MZ-FE

new2ZR-FE1ZZ-FE 2GR-FE

former new3GR-FSE2JZ-GE

former new1UR-FSE3UZ-FE

Achieved improvement in fuel efficiency by introducing new engines

■Fuel efficiency comparison（former-new）■Fuel efficiency comparison（former-new）

former1SZ-FE

new1KR-FE

former1AZ-FSE

new3ZR-FAE 2JZ-FSE 2GR-FSE 3UZ-FE 1UR-FSE

former new former new

engine

Weig

ht co

mpar

ison b

y outp

ut（kg

/kW/L）

Reduced weight by using aluminum material and modularized parts.

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0 ■Engine weight comparison（former-new)■Engine weight comparison（former-new)

Performance improved by introducing D-4S, high compression ratio and lowering friction. Ou

tput c

ompa

rison（

kW/L）

50

60

70

‘90 ’95 ‘00 ‘05 ’08（year）

Achieved improvements in weight reduction, fuel efficiency and performance at the same time

Achieved improvements in weight reduction, Achieved improvements in weight reduction, fuel efficiency and performance at the same timefuel efficiency and performance at the same time

300

250

150

100

200

1.0L class2.0L class

3.0L class 4.0L class

Avensis

Lexus RXLexus GS

Lexus LS

6

Diesel Engine Line-up

Expand line-up and increase productionExpand lineExpand line--up and increase productionup and increase production

1.4 liter

Debut scheduledfor 2012

Debut scheduledfor 2012

1.6 liter class 2.0-2.2 liter 2.5-3.0 liter V8 4.5 liter

Million units

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

0.2

0

0.40.60.81.01.2

Production Volume of Diesel Engines1.3 Total

cumulative production has reached 20 million

Total cumulative production has reached 20 million

2007

7

Vehicle Weight (ton)

CO2

Emiss

ion

(g/km

)

PriusPriusCamry HVCamry HV

GS450hGS450hRX400hRX400h

LS600hLS600h

GasolineGasoline

DieselDiesel

Gasoline HVGasoline HV

Heavy

Large

EC mode

HV contribute to reduced CO2 emissionsHV contribute to reduced COHV contribute to reduced CO22 emissionsemissions

Environmental Superiority of Hybrid Vehicles (HV)

8

900900

800800

700700

600600

500500

400400

300300

200200

100100

1,0001,000

00

( thousand）( thousand）

’97’97 ’98’98 ’99’99 ’00’00 ’01’01 ’02’02 ’03’03 ’04’04 ’05’05 ’06’06 ’07’07 ’08’08 ’09’09 (year）(year）

Annual sales of Toyota HV（world wide）Annual sales of Toyota HV（world wide）

Increase promotion of HV

Accelerate promotion of hybrid models to satisfy market demandAccelerate promotion of hybrid models to satisfy market demandAccelerate promotion of hybrid models to satisfy market demand

9

55

’03 Prius ’05 RX400h’97 Prius ’06 GS450h ’07 LS600hTe

chno

logy

Tech

nolog

yOu

tput d

ensit

y rati

oOu

tput d

ensit

y rati

o

11

33

66

44

22

Increase in output density and reduction in size and weightIncrease in output density and reduction in size and weightIncrease in output density and reduction in size and weight

Permanent Magnet MotorPermanent Magnet MotorIncrease in voltageIncrease in voltage

Increase in speedIncrease in speedTwo-stage motor speed

reduction gear Two-stage motor speed

reduction gear

33 kW 50 kW 123 kW 147 kW 165 kW

Evolution of Electric Motors for HV

10

0Volume output density (W/L)Volume output density (W/L)

Mass

outpu

t den

sity (

W/kg

)Ma

ss ou

tput d

ensit

y (W

/kg)

Lighter

(Cylindrical)(Cylindrical)

(Square plastic package)(Square plastic package)

Smaller

30% Improvement

30% Improvement

’03 Prius

’00 Prius(Square resin package)(Square resin package)

’97 Prius

RX400h(Square metal package)(Square metal package)

Evolution of Batteries for HV

Increase in output density and reduction in size and weightIncrease in output density and reduction in size and weightIncrease in output density and reduction in size and weight

35% Improvement

35% Improvement

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HV Competitive Performance

- Toyota far exceeds other car makers in HV sales- Toyota HV are superior in fuel efficiency -- Toyota far exceeds other car makers in HV salesToyota far exceeds other car makers in HV sales-- Toyota HV are superior in fuel efficiency Toyota HV are superior in fuel efficiency

(thousand units/year)

2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000Vehicle Weight （lbs）

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Fuel

Econ

omy （

mpg）

◆

◆

◆

◆

◆◆◆

◆◆◆◆

■■■■■■■■

▲▲▲▲ ● ●

’02 ’03 ’04 ’05 ’06 ’07’01’00’99’98’970

50■

Toyota

Maker A

Maker BMaker C

100

150

200

250300

350400450

Toyota HV

Other Makers HV

◆

◆

◆◆

◆▲

▲

▲▲

▲▲

▲

◆

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Household electricityHousehold electricity

Fuel Tank

Engine

Motor

Plug-in Hybrid Vehicle

Battery

Recharge battery using an external power sourceShort distance: EV Long distance: HV

Recharge battery using an external power sourceShort distance: EV Long distance: HV

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HybridHybrid

Short distance: EVShort distance: EV Long distance: HVLong distance: HV

ElectricityElectricity

What is a Plug-in Hybrid Vehicle?

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Partner：University of CaliforniaBerkeley, Irvine

Partner: EDF

(13km EV driving distance)(13km EV driving distance)

Toyota PHVsToyota PHVs

Verification testing is underway in Japan, Europe and the USAconfirming improved fuel efficiency for plug-in hybrid vehicles

Verification testing is underway in Japan, Europe and the USAVerification testing is underway in Japan, Europe and the USAconfirming improved fuel efficiency for plugconfirming improved fuel efficiency for plug--in hybrid vehiclesin hybrid vehicles

＜ Fuel Efficiency Improvement ＞＜ Fuel Efficiency Improvement ＞Data on driving in JapanData on driving in Japan

PriusPrius

Level of gasoline vehiclesLevel of gasoline vehicles

1010

88

66

44

22

00 2020 4040 6060Driving distance after battery charged (km)Driving distance after battery charged (km)

Results of Verification Testing for Plug-in Hybrid VehiclesFu

el ec

onom

y (g

asoli

ne ve

hicle=

1)

＜ Expected Values for EV Driving Distance ＞（Result from user questionnaires）

10km10km

20km20km40km40km

OtherOther

No AnswerNo Answer

20％

7％7％

19％19％ 22％22％

30％30％

http://public-domain-archive.com/national/country.php?target=116



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Challenges for EV:1) Cruising range, 2) cost, 3) charging time, 4) dedicated charging infrastructure

For the time being, a realistic option as compact commuter vehicles

Challenges for EV:Challenges for EV:1) Cruising range, 2) cost, 3) charging time, 4) dedicated charg1) Cruising range, 2) cost, 3) charging time, 4) dedicated charging infrastructureing infrastructure

For the time being, a realistic option as compact commuter vehiFor the time being, a realistic option as compact commuter vehiclescles

EV Initiatives

Toyota RAV4 EVToyota RAV4 EV

Toyota e-comToyota e-com Accelerate R&D of new generation EV (in early 2010s)

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1010 100100 10001000 1000010000

Lithiu

m-ion b

atteri

es

Natio

nal p

rojec

t targe

ts

Lithiu

m-ion b

atteri

es

Natio

nal p

rojec

t targe

ts

’10’10

’20’20

’15’15

Nickel-hydride batteries Nickel-hydride batteries

Traditional battery performance limit Traditional battery performance limit

Outpu

t Den

sity (

W/ L

)Ou

tput D

ensit

y (W

/ L)

Energy Density (W/L) Cruising DistanceEnergy Density (W/L) Cruising Distance

AResearch bodiesA

Research bodies

BUniversitiesB

Universities

AResearch bodiesA

Research bodies

ElectrochemistryElectrochemistry

Organic and inorganic chemistryOrganic and inorganic chemistry

Chemical engineeringChemical engineering

Analysis Analysis

SimulationSimulation

Recruitment and training of research personnel

Recruitment and training of research personnel

Toyotabattery

researchdepartment

(openlaboratory)

Toyotabattery

researchdepartment

(openlaboratory)

Next Generation Batteries

Research Organization for Next-generation Batteries

“Sakichi”Batteries Physical chemistryPhysical chemistry

Solid-state physicsSolid-state physics

New battery research department to be established as part of efforts to accelerate R&D for a next generation battery

New battery research department to be established New battery research department to be established as part of efforts to accelerate R&D for a next generation batteas part of efforts to accelerate R&D for a next generation batteryry

10001000

20002000

40004000

60006000

80008000

1000010000

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FFVFFV

FCHVFCHV

Alternative Fuels Initiatives（Bio Fuels, Natural Gas, Hydrogen）

With HV and PHV as core technologies, Toyota develops and offers products based on the concept “right vehicle for the right place at the right time”

With HV and PHV as core technologies, Toyota develops and offersWith HV and PHV as core technologies, Toyota develops and offers products products based on the concept based on the concept ““right vehicle for the right place at the right timeright vehicle for the right place at the right time””

Bio FuelsBio Fuels- Research for manufacturing cellulose ethanol - All models adopted to E10-Development of vehicles like FFV or BDF-vehicles

to satisfy regional demand

HydrogenHydrogen- Steady advances in FCV technology

Natural GasNatural Gas- Introduce CNG vehicles

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Power splitPower splitdevicedeviceGeneratorGenerator

BatteryBattery

MotorMotorPowerPowerControlControl

UnitUnit

ICE Hybrid VehicleICE Hybrid Vehicle

Hybrid technologyHybrid technologyHybrid technology

Scenarios for Response to Environmental and Energy Issues

Elec

tricit

y El

ectri

city

gene

ratio

nge

nera

tion

Hydr

ogen

Hy

drog

en

prod

uctio

npr

oduc

tion

BiomassBiomass

NuclearNuclearenergyenergy

Hydro,Hydro,Solar,Solar,

GeothermalGeothermalenergyenergy

CoalCoal

NaturalNaturalgasgas

OilOil

Synthetic fuelsSynthetic fuels(GTL/CTL/BTL)(GTL/CTL/BTL)


HydrogenHydrogen

Gasoline and Gasoline and diesel fueldiesel fuel (from (from

conventional oil conventional oil fields)fields)

Gasoline and Gasoline and diesel fueldiesel fuel

(from deep(from deep--sea oil fields, sea oil fields, oil oil shalesshales, etc.), etc.)

GasGas

Gasification/synthetic technology

CO2 reduction technology (during production of fuel)

Obtain desired properties

Technologyutilizing cellulose

CO2 reduction technology (thermal power station)

CO2 reduction technology (during hydrogen production)

Infrastructure development

Hydrogen storage technology

Electrical storage technology for EV

Drilling and refining technologyand cost

Stabilize supply


Gas storagetechnology Build

infrastructure

2010 2030

BioBio--ethanol /ethanol /biobio--dieseldiesel

EngineEngineFuel TankFuel Tank

Bio-fuel,GTL/CTL/BTL,

Gas, etc

Electrical storage technology for PHVs

and small EVs

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PlugPlug

Elec

tricit

y El

ectri

city

gene

ratio

nge

nera

tion

Hydr

ogen

Hy

drog

en

prod

uctio

npr

oduc

tion

BiomassBiomass




CoalCoal


OilOil






and small EVs







Stabilize supply



infrastructure

2010 2030


Power splitPower splitdevicedeviceGeneratorGenerator

BatteryBattery


UnitUnit

Plug-in Hybrid VehiclePlug-in Hybrid Vehicle



HydrogenHydrogen





GasGas


EngineEngineFuel TankFuel Tank

Bio-fuel,GTL/CTL/BTL,

Gas, etc

20


EngineEngineFuelFuelTankTank

Power splitPower splitdevicedevice

GeneratorGenerator

Elec

tricit

y El

ectri

city

gene

ratio

nge

nera

tion

Hydr

ogen

Hy

drog

en

prod

uctio

npr

oduc

tion

BiomassBiomass




CoalCoal


OilOil











Stabilize supply



infrastructure

2010 2030



and small EVs

PlugPlug

BatteryBattery


UnitUnit

Electric Vehicle Electric Vehicle



HydrogenHydrogen





GasGas


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BatteryBattery

MotorMotor

Fuel-Cell Hybrid Vehicle(FCHV)

Fuel-Cell Hybrid Vehicle(FCHV)


HydrogenHydrogenTankTank

Power splitPower splitdevicedevice

GeneratorGenerator

PowerPowerControlControl

UnitUnit

FCFCStackStack

Elec

tricit

y El

ectri

city

gene

ratio

nge

nera

tion

Hydr

ogen

Hy

drog

en

prod

uctio

npr

oduc

tion

BiomassBiomass




CoalCoal


OilOil











Stabilize supply



infrastructure

2010 2030



and small EVs



HydrogenHydrogen





GasGas


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TODAY for TOMORROWTODAY for TOMORROW

toyota’s initiatives for realizing sustainable mobility · 2008-10-02 · 2 . emissions size and...

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