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Present SimpleE.g. I wear fur

Present Continuous

E.g. I am wearing fur

This is a regular action or habit

This is an action happening now, or

around now.

This is a fact or general truth

This is a trend (i.e. a changing situation).

Exercise 4b in Lebeau and Rees (2008), Language Leader Coursebook and CD-ROM, Pre-Intermediate, Pearson Longman, p. 7.

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Positive

SUBJECT + VERB

E.g. I wear fur in winter.

He wears fur in winter.

Be Have Do SayI am have do say

You / We / They are have do say

He / She / It is has does says

Note some exceptions in these primary verbs:

Leech, G. , Cruickshank, B. and Ivanic, R. (2005), An A-Z of English Grammar & Usage, Pearson Education Limited, p. 422.

Negative

DO or DOES + NOT or NT + VERB

E.g. I do not like the cold, I dontlikethe cold

She does not like the cold, She doesntlikethe cold

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PositiveAUXILIARY BE + -ING FORM OF VERB

E.g. I am (Im)wearing winter clothes.

He is (Hes) wearingwinter clothes.

We are (Were) wearing winter clothes.

Negative

AUXILIARY BE + NOT on NT + -ING FORM OF VERB

E.g. I am (Im)not wearing winter clothes.

He is (Hes) not wearingwinter clothes.

We are (Were) not wearing winter clothes.

Leech, G. , Cruickshank, B. and Ivanic, R. (2005), An A-Z of English Grammar & Usage, Pearson Education Limited, p. 421.

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Question form

USE AM / IS / ARE BEFORE THE SUBJECT

E.g. Is it really cold?

Are you really cold?

AUXILIARY DO or DOES + SUBJECT + INFINITIVE OF VERB

E.g. Do you like the cold?

Does she like the cold?

Question form

AUXILIARY BE + -ING FORM OF VERB

E.g. Is the climate changing?

Arewinters gettingwarmer?

Lebeau and Rees (2008), Language Leader Coursebook and CD-ROM, Pre-Intermediate, Pearson Longman, p. 126.

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When beis the main

verb, we make present

simple questions

With the auxiliary verb

do/does+ subject +

infinitive of the main

verb

When the main verb

isnt be, we make

present simple

questions

With the auxiliary verb

am / is / are+ subject +

-ing form of the main

verb

We make present

continuous questions

With am / is / are

before the subject.

Ex 4b in Lebeau and Rees (2008), Language Leader Coursebook and CD-ROM, Pre- Intermediate, Pearson Longman, p. 9.

GRAMMAR NOTE FOR PRESENT SIMPLE AND PRESENT CONTINUOUS

QUESTION FORM

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Question Word Function

What Information about something

When Asking about time

Where Asking about place

Which Asking about choice

Who Asking about person/peopleWhy Asking about reasons

How Asking about condition/quality

How + adj/adv

How much

How manyHow far

How slow

etc.

Amount/Quantity