trade and business promotion in sadc market access map market research from a tariff barrier...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Trade and Business Promotion in SADC Market Access Map Market Research from a tariff barrier perspective](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/5518c7c3550346991f8b58a6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Trade and Business Promotion in SADC
Market Access MapMarket Research from a tariff barrier perspective
![Page 2: Trade and Business Promotion in SADC Market Access Map Market Research from a tariff barrier perspective](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/5518c7c3550346991f8b58a6/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Training of Trainers in Market Analysis
Agenda
• Background – market access issues today
• Presentation – Market Access Map
• Practical Exercises
![Page 3: Trade and Business Promotion in SADC Market Access Map Market Research from a tariff barrier perspective](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/5518c7c3550346991f8b58a6/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Training of Trainers in Market Analysis
Are tariff barriers still a problem?
Source: 2004 UN Report of the implementation of the Millennium Development Goals – (estimates from UNCTAD, World Bank & WTO)
![Page 4: Trade and Business Promotion in SADC Market Access Map Market Research from a tariff barrier perspective](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/5518c7c3550346991f8b58a6/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Training of Trainers in Market Analysis
Market Access Trends
![Page 5: Trade and Business Promotion in SADC Market Access Map Market Research from a tariff barrier perspective](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/5518c7c3550346991f8b58a6/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Training of Trainers in Market Analysis
Note
• The average developing country belongs to 5 separate regional trade agreements (Global Economic Prospects, Trade Regionalism and Development, World Bank, 2005) – eg EU, NAFTA, COMESA
• Hard to keep track of what tariffs your own country applies and faces as well as the tariffs faced by your competitors
• Need for greater transparency on tariffs and rules of origin
![Page 6: Trade and Business Promotion in SADC Market Access Map Market Research from a tariff barrier perspective](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/5518c7c3550346991f8b58a6/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Training of Trainers in Market Analysis
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Source: Spinanger, Dean “Misuse of AD measures and NTBs”, 2002
Average number of antidumping measures per year
AverageAPECTariff Rate %
Market Access Trends
![Page 7: Trade and Business Promotion in SADC Market Access Map Market Research from a tariff barrier perspective](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/5518c7c3550346991f8b58a6/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Training of Trainers in Market Analysis
Market Access Trends
• Increase in use of non-tariff measures
• Eg: Environmental measures include measures covering:– Food and Plant health standards– Production regulations– Testing requirements – Certification procedures
• US$ 300 billion of world imports are potentially affected by environmental protectionism, of which less than 10 per cent manages to reach the requested standards.
Source: An Assessment of Environmentally-Related Non-Tariff Measures, Lionel Fontagné, Friedrich von Kirchbach, Mondher Mimouni, considering data for 2001
![Page 8: Trade and Business Promotion in SADC Market Access Map Market Research from a tariff barrier perspective](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/5518c7c3550346991f8b58a6/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Trade and Business Promotion in SADC Market Access Map Market Research from a tariff barrier perspective](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/5518c7c3550346991f8b58a6/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Training of Trainers in Market Analysis
A quick tariff
search for companie
s
![Page 10: Trade and Business Promotion in SADC Market Access Map Market Research from a tariff barrier perspective](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/5518c7c3550346991f8b58a6/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Training of Trainers in Market Analysis
Start typing your product name or code & select a match from the
drop-down list of possible options
Choose whether you wish to see
the most detailed
product codes (national tariff line) or at the
HS 6 digit level
![Page 11: Trade and Business Promotion in SADC Market Access Map Market Research from a tariff barrier perspective](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/5518c7c3550346991f8b58a6/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Training of Trainers in Market Analysis
Harmonised System - Quick Revision
• International• 08 Edible fruit and nuts; peel of citrus fruits or melons
– 0804 Dates, figs, pineapples, avocados, guavas, mangoes and mangosteens, fresh or dried
• 080450 Guavas, mangoes and mangosteens, fresh or dried
• National (e.g. USA)
– 08045040 Guavas, mangoes and mangosteens, fresh
– 08045080 Guavas, mangoes and mangosteens, dried
![Page 12: Trade and Business Promotion in SADC Market Access Map Market Research from a tariff barrier perspective](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/5518c7c3550346991f8b58a6/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Training of Trainers in Market Analysis
Preferences are displayed (if
applicable) as well as the MFN or general rate
![Page 13: Trade and Business Promotion in SADC Market Access Map Market Research from a tariff barrier perspective](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/5518c7c3550346991f8b58a6/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
See trade regimes that a
country applies or faces and
rules of origin for many
tradeagreements
![Page 14: Trade and Business Promotion in SADC Market Access Map Market Research from a tariff barrier perspective](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/5518c7c3550346991f8b58a6/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Click to see
rules of origin
![Page 15: Trade and Business Promotion in SADC Market Access Map Market Research from a tariff barrier perspective](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/5518c7c3550346991f8b58a6/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Training of Trainers in Market Analysis
Rules of Origin - NAFTA
![Page 16: Trade and Business Promotion in SADC Market Access Map Market Research from a tariff barrier perspective](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/5518c7c3550346991f8b58a6/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Which trading partners offer
the best market access for
Ghana’s cocoa beans?
![Page 17: Trade and Business Promotion in SADC Market Access Map Market Research from a tariff barrier perspective](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/5518c7c3550346991f8b58a6/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Scroll through the importing countries alphabetically….
or
![Page 18: Trade and Business Promotion in SADC Market Access Map Market Research from a tariff barrier perspective](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/5518c7c3550346991f8b58a6/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Click on the heading “level of protection” to sort by those offering
the lowest tariff
![Page 19: Trade and Business Promotion in SADC Market Access Map Market Research from a tariff barrier perspective](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/5518c7c3550346991f8b58a6/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Or use the filter to show all the records in
one page
![Page 20: Trade and Business Promotion in SADC Market Access Map Market Research from a tariff barrier perspective](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/5518c7c3550346991f8b58a6/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Training of Trainers in Market Analysis
Create a variety of useful reports on
your country or on one of your trading
partners
![Page 21: Trade and Business Promotion in SADC Market Access Map Market Research from a tariff barrier perspective](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/5518c7c3550346991f8b58a6/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Training of Trainers in Market AnalysisTop 200 export transactions, the
import partner per transaction and the
top 3 exporters to the partner
![Page 22: Trade and Business Promotion in SADC Market Access Map Market Research from a tariff barrier perspective](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/5518c7c3550346991f8b58a6/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Training of Trainers in Market Analysis
![Page 23: Trade and Business Promotion in SADC Market Access Map Market Research from a tariff barrier perspective](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/5518c7c3550346991f8b58a6/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Training of Trainers in Market Analysis
![Page 24: Trade and Business Promotion in SADC Market Access Map Market Research from a tariff barrier perspective](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/5518c7c3550346991f8b58a6/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Training of Trainers in Market Analysis
![Page 25: Trade and Business Promotion in SADC Market Access Map Market Research from a tariff barrier perspective](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/5518c7c3550346991f8b58a6/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Trade and Business Promotion in SADC Market Access Map Market Research from a tariff barrier perspective](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/5518c7c3550346991f8b58a6/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Imagine we want to compare the tariffsof several products
exported to several markets
And we’d like to see our country’ssituation relative to our competitors
![Page 27: Trade and Business Promotion in SADC Market Access Map Market Research from a tariff barrier perspective](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/5518c7c3550346991f8b58a6/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Training of Trainers in Market Analysis
Click on the “Detailed Analysis” tab – it will
expand to reveal 3 sub tabs. Select “Applied
Tariffs”
![Page 28: Trade and Business Promotion in SADC Market Access Map Market Research from a tariff barrier perspective](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/5518c7c3550346991f8b58a6/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Training of Trainers in Market Analysis
![Page 29: Trade and Business Promotion in SADC Market Access Map Market Research from a tariff barrier perspective](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/5518c7c3550346991f8b58a6/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Compare the protection levels using AVEs.
![Page 30: Trade and Business Promotion in SADC Market Access Map Market Research from a tariff barrier perspective](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/5518c7c3550346991f8b58a6/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Training of Trainers in Market Analysis
Types of tariff barriers…
• Ad valorem tariffs: – levied on the basis of the value– Eg: 20% of the value of the imported product (majority of countries)
• Specific tariffs:– levied on the basis of volume or weight or unit– Eg: $2 per kilogram (Switzerland, USA, EU, Japan)
![Page 31: Trade and Business Promotion in SADC Market Access Map Market Research from a tariff barrier perspective](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/5518c7c3550346991f8b58a6/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Training of Trainers in Market Analysis
MAcMap Features: Ad Valorem Equivalents
• Ad valorem equivalent tariffs for – specific tariffs, tariff quotas and anti-dumping measures
• AVE = Specific tariff per unit • Unit Value
• AVEs allow us to aggregate tariffs at the sector or regional level; and
• AVEs allow us to compare the protection levels of different countries
• Total AVE – sum of each of the ad valorem equivalents
![Page 32: Trade and Business Promotion in SADC Market Access Map Market Research from a tariff barrier perspective](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/5518c7c3550346991f8b58a6/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Training of Trainers in Market Analysis
Example – why is this is an issue?
Imagine Switzerlandapplies a tariff of $100 per ton to imports of fish fillets from South Africa &Ghana
If Ghana’s exported fish fillets were worth $200 per ton
If South Africa’s exported fish fillets were worth $100 per ton
the equivalent tariff would be 100%
the equivalent tariff faced would be only 50% !
![Page 33: Trade and Business Promotion in SADC Market Access Map Market Research from a tariff barrier perspective](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/5518c7c3550346991f8b58a6/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Compare exporters
AVEs make it easy to
compare the protection applied to different exporters
![Page 34: Trade and Business Promotion in SADC Market Access Map Market Research from a tariff barrier perspective](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/5518c7c3550346991f8b58a6/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Additional support material
A glossary to look up tariff terminology
![Page 35: Trade and Business Promotion in SADC Market Access Map Market Research from a tariff barrier perspective](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/5518c7c3550346991f8b58a6/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Search the Glossary for the term you with to learn more
about
![Page 36: Trade and Business Promotion in SADC Market Access Map Market Research from a tariff barrier perspective](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/5518c7c3550346991f8b58a6/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Read about the Market Access
Map methodology for calculating
AVEs
![Page 37: Trade and Business Promotion in SADC Market Access Map Market Research from a tariff barrier perspective](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/5518c7c3550346991f8b58a6/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Training of Trainers in Market Analysis
Sources of Data• Market Access Map is updated as new tariff data becomes available. Data is
sourced from:
– 2005 data currently available for 25 EU countries, USA, Canada, Switzerland and Tunisia
– Tariff data reported to the UN Tariff and Market Access Database (UN TARMAC) of ITC and UNCTAD
– Bound tariff data from the Consolidated Tariff Schedule of the WTO
– Tariff quota data from WTO (agricultural notification of tariff quota) and national sources for bilateral and regional tariff quota agreements
– Notifications from member countries of the WTO regarding anti-dumping duties and ITC collection directly from some countries.
– Trade data from national sources, IDB (integrated database) /WTO and the COMTRADE database of the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD).
![Page 38: Trade and Business Promotion in SADC Market Access Map Market Research from a tariff barrier perspective](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070306/5518c7c3550346991f8b58a6/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Training of Trainers in Market Analysis
Summary: features of MacMap
• WIDE GEOGRAPHICAL COVERAGE: tariffs applied by 170 countries to the products exported by over 200 countries and territories.
• WIDE COVERAGE OF INSTRUMENTS: Covers: ad-valorem tariffs; specific tariffs; tariff quotas; and antidumping duties
• PREFERENCES: Covers most bilateral and regional agreements. Rules of Origin and Certificates of origin are also included for many agreements.
• ANALYTICAL FLEXIBILITY: Permits analysis by region, by economic sector or by measure