What is trade union?

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3/10/2015

Topics

Trade Unions and their Movement, and Growth in India

National level federation, trade union problems

Trade union organization

Leadership of trade unions

Presenters Idris

Mamtha

Phetsmone

ShilpashreeAGENDA3/10/2015

INTRODUCTION General Background.

The main elements.

With The setting up of large-scale industrial units.

It was the labour protest.3/10/2015workers felt they weren't treated fairly and respectfully by their bosses. They also wanted to be paid more and decrease their work hours. They formed unions because clearly you are a lot stronger against something when you join people that agree with you and have the same feelings and goals. for better payments etc. They wanted a decent living wage, fair treatment, job security, and reasonable working hours. 1.1General BackgroundDevelopment of modern industry, especially in the Western countries, can be traced back to the 18thcentury. Industrial development in India, however commenced from the middle of the 19thcentury. The first organised Trade Union in India named as the Madras Labour Union was formed in the year 1918. Since then a large number of unions sprang up in almost all the industrial centres of the country. Similarly, entrepreneurs also formed their organisations to protect their interests. In 1926, the Trade Unions Act was passed by the Indian Government. The Act gave legal status to the Registered Trade Unions. The Registrars of Trade Unions in different states were empowered to register the Trade Unions in their respective states. These registered Trade Unions (Workers & Employers) are required to submit annual statutory return to the Registrar regarding their membership, General Funds, Sources of Income and Items of Expenditure and details of their assets and liabilitiesGeneral Background

The main elements in the development of trade unions of workers in every country have been more or less the same.

With The setting up of large-scale industrial units, widespread use of machinery, new lines of production, changes in working and living environment of workers, and concentration of industries in large towns.

It was the labour protest on an organized scale, through the support of some philanthropic personalities, that organized labour unions came to be formed.

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According to sec. 2(h) of Trade Unions Act 1926 Trade union means any combination, whether temporary or permanent, formed primarily for the purpose of regulating the relations between workmen and employers, or between workmen and workmen, or between employers and employers, or for imposing restrictive conditions on the conduct of any trade or business, and includes any federation of two or more trade unions.

WHAT IS TRADE UNION?3/10/2015

Trade unions are formed to protect and promote the interests of their members. Their primary function is to protect the interests of workers against discrimination and unfair labor practices. anactorinstanceofdiscriminating,orofmakingadistinction.treatmentorconsiderationof,ormakingadistinctioninfavoroforagainst,apersonorthingbasedonthegroup,class,orcategoryto whichthatpersonorthingbelongsratherthanonindividualmerit:racialandreligiousintoleranceanddiscrimination.

4.1Age4.2Caste Disability Employment Language Nationality Race or Ethnicity Region Religious Beliefs Sex, gender, gender-identity Sexual orientation Othering Reverse DiscriminationUnfair labour practicemeans any unfair act or omission that arises between an employer and anemployeeinvolving(a) unfair conduct by the employer relating to the promotion, demotion, probation (excludingdisputesabout dismissals for a reason relating to probation) or training of anemployeeor relating to the provision of benefits to anemployee;(b) the unfair suspension of anemployeeor any other unfair disciplinary action short of dismissal in respect of anemployee;(c) a failure or refusal by an employer to reinstate or re-employ a formeremployeein terms of any agreement; and(d) an occupational detriment, other than dismissal, in contravention of the Protected Disclosures Act, 2000 (Act No. 26 of 2000), on account of theemployeehaving made a protected disclosure defined in that Act.

5combination of worker.

permanent or temporary.

federation of two or more unions.

It regulate relations.

CHARACTERISTICS 3/10/2015

Representation (Workers Interests)

Negotiation (Collective Bargaining)

Voice in decisions (Lay off, Retrenchment) affecting workers

Member Service (Education, Training, Welfare, Discounts, Loans)

OBJECTIVES 3/10/20157FUNCTIONS Militant functionsTo achieve higher wages and better working conditions

To raise the status of workers as a part of industry

To protect labors against victimization and injustice

3/10/2015Victimisation in the workplaceAn employee who believes they have been discriminated against or sexually harassed has the right to make a complaint, either using the organisations internal complaints procedure or to an external agency such asthe Commission.An employer has a responsibility to ensure that a person is not victimised, or treated unfavourably, because he or she has made a complaint or supported another person to make a complaint.The lawVictimisation is specifically prohibited under theEqual Opportunity Act 2010andfederal anti-discrimination laws.DefinitionVictimisation means punishing or threatening to punish someone. It is against the law to punish or threaten to punish someone because they have:asserted their rights under equal opportunity lawmade a complainthelped someone else make a complaintrefused to do something because it would be discrimination, sexual harassment or victimisation.Examples of victimisationVictimisation in the workplace can include:bullyingand intimidation by co-workersbeing denied a promotion or being moved to a position with lower responsibilitydismissalfrom employmentbeing refused further contract work.The legal definition of victimisation is when someone 'subjects or threatens to subject the other person to any detriment'.Functions of Trade Unions

Trade unions perform a number of functions in order to achieve the objectives. These functions can be broadly classified into three categories:

1. Militant Functions

One set of activities performed by trade unions leads to the betterment of the position of their members in relation to their employment. The aim of such activities is to ensure adequate wages, secure better conditions of work and employment, get better treatment from employers, etc. When the unions fail to accomplish these aims by the method of collective bargaining and negotiations, they adopt an approach and put up a fight with the management in the form of go-slow tactics, strike, boycott, gherao, etc. Hence, these functions of the trade unions are known as militant or fighting functions. Thus, the militant functions of trade unions can be summed up as:To achieve higher wages and better working conditionsTo raise the status of workers as a part of industryTo protect labors against victimization and injusticeOn18,July,2012,India's leading car manufacturerMaruti Suzuki Udyog Ltd in Manesar factory workers in an agitation at factory human resource manager burned to death by workers, made severe damage to companies property and hurt severely several other workers. Thereby MSUL (Maruti Suzuki Udyog Ltd) sacked all of its workers who ever involved in that incident and filed a police complaint against those employees. on 8,November,2012, few workers strike who are dismissed but claims that they were not involved resorted to hunger strike demanding to reinstate them. The labour union of the company "Maruti Udyog Kamgar Union" have lent support to the agitators at Manesar then join them to make representation to the state labour department on this issue.

Mar, 2012,NEW DELHI: Unpaid for months and fed up with hollow promises of getting their dues, pilots of Air India-domestic have decided to put the airline on "cash-and-carry " from April 1.After a meeting of their union, it has been left to individual pilots to tell the management that they will fly from next month only if their dues - five months' performance-linked incentive (PLI) and three months' salary - are paid fully or at least substantially.

While many agitated members wanted some immediate action, the union, Indian Commercial Pilots' Association (ICPA), decided against giving a strike call as such protests have only led to promises from the government in the past, which were never kept.2. Fraternal Functions

Another set of activities performed by trade unions aims at rendering help to its members in times of need, and improving their efficiency. Trade unions try to foster a spirit of cooperation and promote friendly industrial relations and diffuse education and culture among their members. They take up welfare measures for improving the morale of workers and generate self confidence among them. They also arrange for legal assistance to its members, if necessary. Besides, these, they undertake many welfare measures for their members, e.g., school for the education of children, library, reading-rooms, in-door and out-door games, and other recreational facilities. Some trade unions even undertake publication of some magazine or journal.These activities, which may be called fraternal functions, depend on the availability of funds, which the unions raise by subscription from members and donations from outsiders, and also on their competent and enlightened leadership. Thus, the fraternal functions of trade unions can be summed up as:To take up welfare measures for improving the morale of workersTo generate self confidence among workersTo encourage sincerity and discipline among workersTo provide opportunities for promotion and growthTo protect women workers against discrimination

3. Social Functions

Besides the main economic functions consisting basically of organising unions and improving their terms and conditions of employment to enable workers to meet their physical needs, some unions have now started undertaking and organising welfare activities and also providing variety of services to their members and sometimes to the community of which they are a part, which may be grouped under following heads:

1) Welfare activitiesprovided to improve the quality of work life including organisation of mutual fund, cooperative credit societies for providing housing, cooperative stores, cultural programmes, banking and medical facilities and training for women in various crafts to help them to supplement their family income.

2) Education:Education of members in all aspects of their working life including improving their civic life, awareness in the environment around them, enhancement of their knowledge particularly in regard to issues that concern them, their statutory and other rights and responsibilities, workers participation in management.

3) scheme, and procedure for redressing their grievances.Some central union organisations are also assisting the Government in implementing the Workers Education Scheme.

4) Publication of periodicals,news letters or magazines for establishing communication with their members, making the latter aware of union policy and stand on certain principal issues and personnel matters concerning members, such as births, deaths, marriages, promotion and achievements.

5) Research:Of late, this is gaining importance and is intended mainly to provide updated information to union negotiators at the bargaining table. Such research is to be more practical than academic, concerning problems relating to day-today affairs of the union and its activities and union and management relations. Some of the research activities are : (i) collection and analysis of wage data including fringe benefits, and other benefits and services through surveys of comparative practices, data on working conditions and welfare activities; (ii) preparation of background notes for court cases and also position papers for union officials; (iii) collection and analysis of macro data relating to the economy, industry sectors etc. All the above mentioned activities and services are considered normal activities of unions in the Trade Unions Act which stipulates the objectives on which general funds of the union can be spent.

4. Political functions:These functions include affiliating the union with a political party, helping the political party in enrolling members, collecting donations, seeking the help of political parties during the periods of strikes and lockouts.

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3/10/201518,July,2012 Maruti Suzuki

3/10/2015Mar, 2012,Air IndiaFraternal Functions To take up welfare measures for improving the morale of workers

To generate self confidence among workers

To encourage sincerity and discipline among workersTo provide opportunities for promotion and growthTo protect women workers against discrimination

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Social Functions

Welfare activitiesEducation schemeand procedure for redressing their grievancesPublication of periodicalsResearch

Political Functions 3/10/2015

Crafts Unions (Electricians, Plumbers)

Industrial Unions (Coal, transport)

Staff Unions

General Unions TYPES OF TRADE UNIONS3/10/2015

Craft unions:-It is an organisation of workers employed in a particular craft & trade or in a single craft or few occupations. Such organisation link together those workers who have similar skills craft training etc.

ii)Industrial unions:-Covers workers with a variety of skills employed in a single industry e.g. coal industry.Staff unions:The term staff union is popularly used to both craft & industrial union. It is organized the workers on the basis of craft working in the same industry.

iv) General Unions:-It is a organization which covers various industries & labourers having different skills

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It can be divided in to three phases

The first phase (1850 to1900)

The second phase (1900 to 1946)

The third phase began with the emergence of independent India (in 1947)

Growth and Development of the TU Movement(Unionism)

3/10/2015153/10/2015National level federations and Trade union problems

NATIONAL LEVEL FEDERATIONCITUAITUCHMSINTUC

3/10/2015ALL INDIA TRADE UNION CONGRESSTo establish a socialist state in India To improve the economic and social condition of the workersTo safeguard and promote workers rightsTo fight against all type of autocratic against women and harassment at work placeOBJECTIVES

ORGANIZATION STRUCTUREAffiliated unionsGeneral council Provisional bodiesVICE-PRESIDENTGENERAL SECRETARYPRESIDENTTREASURERSECRETREIESMEMBERS

3/10/2015INDIAN NATIONAL TRADE UNION CONGRESSORGANIZATION STRUCTUREINTUCState levelIndustry level federationUnit level

3/10/2015HIND MAZDOOR SABHAORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTUREPRESIDENTVICE-PRESIDENTGENERAL SECRETARYTREASURERMEMBERS

To promote the economic, political and social interest To form a federation of unionTo promote the formation of co-operative societies

OBJECTIVES

OBJECTIVE :To protect the economic, social and political interest of the workersORGANIZATION STRUCTURE:Central committeeState committeeAffiliated unions

CENTRE OF INDIAN TRADE UNIONS

National labor organizationUnited trade union organizationTrade unions co-ordination centreIndian federation of free trade unionsBharatiya mazdooor sanghNational front of Indian trade unionOTHER TRADE UNIONS

Lack of balanced growthLow membershipPoor financial positionPolitical controlMultiplicity of unionsInter-union rivalryTRADE UNION PROBLEMS

Opposition from employersLack of recognitionIlliterate and ignorance of workersHeterogeneous nature of labor

CONTINUED..

Trade Union Organization

Introduction

Atrade union is an organization workers who have come together. To achieve common goals such as protecting the integrity of its trade. To improve their conditions of employment.

Providing assistance and services to their members.

Collectively bargaining for better pay and conditions for all workers.

Working to improve the quality of public services, political campaigning and industrial action.Unions structure diagram

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Mission

To promote training in different areas of employability and facilitate skills development in youth.

To promote and provide free education to increase employability through skill development.

To create more employment opportunities.

Secure the rights of workers at work.

To promote worker education and right at work place.

To enhance the coverage of welfare policies and schemes of the government for women and children.

To ensure occupational safety and health at the work place.

Vision

A living wage to all work-people.

Guaranteed right to work for every citizen.

Provision for adequate leisure in the form of reasonable hours of work and holidays with pay.

Adequate provision for child welfare and maternity protection.

Slum clearance and provision of adequate housing with facilities for recreation and culture.

Repeal of all legislation encroaching upon the fundamental rights of labor.

3/10/2015LEADERSHIP OF TRADE UNIONSThe leadership provides the direction and goals for a particular union. The leaders task is to make the union effective, by improving the terms and conditions of employment of theworker and also by being concerned with the viability of the enterprise.

3/10/2015

3/10/2015Concepts of Trade Union Leadership:

InteractionCreate required environmentProviding support to the groupResolve conflictsLeadership is an emotional and political process

3/10/2015Leadership Functions

3/10/2015Leadership and motivation

For industrial peaceDecisions taken through the process of collective bargaining and negotiations between employer and unions are more influentialEffective communication between the workers and the management Economic development Recruitment & selectionDiscipline among workforceSettlement of ID in rational manner

IMPROTANCE OF TRADE UNIONS 3/10/2015

Emergence of trade union to an extent helped to improve the standard of living of WORKERS but it is fact That trade unions now a days downsized as a toy/instrument of various political parties which force them to regret its moral values3/10/20153/10/2015