tradeoffs and balance: iaq & energy efficiency may 20, 2014 henning bloech, leed ap general...
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Tradeoffs and Balance: IAQ & Energy Efficiency
May 20, 2014
Henning Bloech , LEED APGeneral Manager, Building Performance Programs
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TESTING
INSPECTION
CERTIFICATION
AUDITING
VALIDATION
TRAINING & ADVISORY
Services for today’s challenges
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Rely on UL
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44%OF GLOBAL EXECUTIVES CITED
“GROWING COMPLEXITY OF THE SUPPLY CHAIN” AS THEIR TOP
BUSINESS PRESSURE.
Easing supply chain complexity
• Regulatory compliance and trade requirements for manufacturers and retailers. Prioritizing ethical practices and enabling real-time information and decision making
Services:
Quality Inspections
Performance and Verification Testing
Information Insights
Supply Chain Traceability
Component Certifications
Risk Identification and Management Audits
Social Responsibility and Accountability Audits
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THE MOBILE PAYMENTS INDUSTRY WILL QUADRUPLE
TO MORE THAN
$1.3TRILLION OVER THE
NEXT FIVE YEARS.
• World’s leader in end-to-end transaction security services for financial institutions, merchants, third-party processors and wireless carriers
Services:
Transaction Security Consulting Services
Transaction Security Evaluation Services
Transaction Security Test Services
Transaction Security Training
Advancing transaction security
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BY 2050,THE OVER-80 AGE GROUP IS
PROJECTED TO REACH NEARLY 379 MILLION GLOBALLY. THIS IS ALMOST 5.5
TIMES AS MANY AS IN 2000.
• Focus on aging population and digitalization of industry for healthcare facilities, providers and insurers
Services:
Third-Party Regulatory Approval
Non-Clinical Testing
Clinical Services Audits
Management System Assessment
Usability Testing
Regulatory Support Advisory Services
Clinical Research Organization Advisory Services
Modernizing health sciences
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Facilitating sustainable energy
• Working with manufacturers, governments, utilities and leading research institutions on safety and security of new processes, technologies and products
Services:
Energy Efficiency Testing
Energy Efficiency Certification
Standards Development
Smart Meter and Appliance Services
Renewable Energy Infrastructure
Safety Certification
Performance Certification 80%OF THE WORLD’S ENERGY
DEMAND COULD BE FULFILLED BY RENEWABLES BY 2050.
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Delivering confidence to the food industry
• Advise on safety and security of food and premiums for food and beverage manufacturers, premium manufacturers, packaging vendors and retailers
Services:
QA Program Development
Regulatory Testing
Factory Capability and Quality Audits
Package Review
Food Safety Training
Safety Certification
Food Safety Audits
THE GLOBAL FAST FOOD INDUSTRY IS ESTIMATED TO ACCOUNT FOR REVENUE OF
$706.7BILLION IN 2012, OR ABOUT 38% OF THE GLOBAL FOOD
SERVICE SECTOR.
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MODERN HOMES REACH FLASHOVER
8XFASTER THAN HOMES BUILT
50 YEARS AGO DUE IN PART TO NEW MATERIALS IN BUILDING PRODUCTS AND
FURNISHINGS.
Protecting the built environment
• Focus on the structural integrity and safety of built structures with architects, specifiers, contractors, authorities and fire service
Services:
Safety Research
Fire Service Training
Qualified Contractor Programs
Multi-Attribute Sustainable Product Certification
Safety Certification
Fire Behavior Consulting
Flammability Testing
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INDOOR AIR IS
2-10X MORE POLLUTED THAN
OUTDOOR AIR DUE TO INCREASED CHEMICAL EMISSIONS
AND TIGHTER, MORE INSULATED BUILDINGS.
• Focus on pollutants and emissions and their impact on human health with manufacturers, retailers and built environment professionals
Services:
UL GREENGUARD Certification
Eco-INSTITUT Certification
Chemical Emissions Testing
Indoor Air Quality Certification
Environmental Claim Validation
Championing indoor air quality
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IAQ Experience and Qualification
• Building Investigations (Proactive and Incident Response)
• Occupant Complaint Evaluations • Forensic Investigations • Water Loss Solutions • Mold or Chemical or Odor Remediation Protocols • Design and Management of Large Scale IAQ Studies• Public Relations and Communications Support• LEED Certification and Green Building Services• Litigation Support • Building Moisture Surveys (Moisture Mapping) • Operations and Maintenance Programs
Air Quality Sciences founded in 1989, acquired by UL in 2011
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Why is Indoor Air Quality Important?
• People spend more than 90% of their time indoors
• People receive the majority of their environmental exposure to chemicals indoors (70%+)
• Air pollutions levels indoors are typically 2x5 (sometimes 1,000x) higher than those found outside
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IAQ and Health
• Asthma and allergies • Headaches• Respiratory disease• Eye, nose & throat irritation• Reproductive / developmental
defects• Neurological disease• Cardiovascular disease• Some forms of cancer
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• 14% of annual healthcare cost from IAQ related health effects
• 14.7% increase in math and 13.7% in reading scores through better IAQ
Good IAQ is Good Policy
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• 8-10% increased productivity through improved IAQ
• Average salaries ~ $2,000/m2
• $160/m2 vs. $3/m2
• Offset energy savings 50x
Good IAQ is Good Business
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• Remediation costs on average over 100 times more than prevention
• Estimated 8-10% of buildings with mold and moisture problems in UAE
Good IAQ is Good Business
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What are we breathing?
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Common VOCs in the Air
Carcinogens
Reproductive Toxins
Odorants/Irritants
Other
21%
12%
44%
23%
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Particulates, Dust, and Combustion Gases
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Radon
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Allergens
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Mold
• Mold spores are found everywhere, indoors and outdoors
• Mold GROWTH should not occur indoors
• Key question:
NOT if mold is present?
but…
Is there sustained GROWTH?
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Building Reality
• Aggressive budgets and schedules
• Unproven materials • Unique building features • Little to no IAQ
commissioning
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• Shift from natural to mostly synthetic materials
• Compacted work spaces
• Decreased ventilation
• Tighter Envelopes• Designs can lack necessary
contextual response
Shift in Design & Construction
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Market Survey
Source: McGraw-Hill Construction
For high performance buildings, owners and tenants value indoor air quality/health & well-being most
Bette
r Ind
oor A
ir Qua
lity
Great
er H
ealth
& W
ell-b
eing
Lower
Ope
ratin
g Cos
ts
83% 83%
77%
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Green Building Systems
• Limited focus on IAQ• Insufficient Requirements• Healthy IAQ not a “must have“• Potentially compromising
incentives
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Trend towards requiring less ventilation:1. Energy conservation
2. Cost savings
Ventilation (ACH) Under Default Conditions
Office Classroom Home
ASHRAE 62-2001 0.93 hr-1 5 hr-1 0.35 hr-1
ASHRAE 62.x-2007 0.57 hr-1 3.1 hr-1 0.21 hr-1
Copyright © 2014 Underwriters Laboratories. All rights reserved.
ASHRAE 62 Standard – Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality
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All else being equal …
Lower↓ ventilation → Higher↑ pollutant concentrations
Ventilation
Concentration
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Indoor air quality in ‘Green’ Buildings
Case study conducted by UL Air Quality Sciences on 18 Green Buildings
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Measured TVOC Levels
Copyright © 2014 Underwriters Laboratories. All rights reserved.
Summary of TVOC Values1,124 298 465594 263 256
1,824 290 3991,562 261 473
314 260 659868 312 442255 311 1,571403 348 1,365
1,213 481 4212,429 1,109 930
902 549 1,3911,263 665 1,519
681 319 3,253350 1,121 1,665291 1,298 293
2,140 709 2741,088 270 277
TVOC (µg/m3) 51 Rooms in 18 “Green” Buildings
TVOC (µg/m3)
LEED EQ 3.2 Maximum Level
(µg/m3)
Average 820 500
Median 549 500
Range 256 – 3,253 500
Average # of VOCs
79 ----
More than 50% (26 of 51) readings fail!
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Building 1 Building 2
Case Study #2 - A Tale of Two Buildings
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Building 1
Building 1
Owner: State of Washington,Department of Natural Resources
New Construction
Indoor Air Quality Prioritized:• Proper installation sequence for materials
• Temporary ventilation during construction
• Low-emitting materials specified
• Indoor Air Quality testing before occupancy
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Building 2
Owner: Private,Atlanta Telecommunications Company
New Construction
Indoor Air Quality was not prioritized
Building 2
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Levels Taken for Building 1μ
g/m
3
20 20
200
12 20
250
90
175
018
92
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μg
/m3
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
Criteria Measured Value 1 Week
Measured Value 2 Weeks
Measured Value after 12
Weeks
Formaldehyde
TVOC
Particles
20 20200
92 110
3200
90 84
2800
116
600
Levels Taken for Building 2
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Government Building, Washington DC
• Building purchased for $22M• Floor deflections repaired with epoxy leveling agent,
new carpet laid over top
• Temporary relocation of all tenants due to ongoing
Indoor Air Quality Complaints
• Removal and replacement of leveler
• Replacement of all adsorbtive materials
• 5 years of mitigation topping $6.2M
• Inability to re-lease space for the next 3 years• Demolished
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Courthouses, Florida
Martin County Courthouse• Moldy walls months after opening• Nausea and headaches• $25M remediation ($14M settlements)
Polk County• $27M building cost• Health complaints• $47M remediation cost ($29M insurance,
$7M settlements)
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High End Hotel, Hawaii
• $95M tower opened in April 2001
• 25-story building closed in mid-July 2002 due to mold (453 rooms)
• $200,000 lost revenue per day
• Cost to remediate exceeded $55M
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High End Home, Atlanta
• LEED Gold Certified home• 6 months old• Home residents experiencing irritation and
flu-like symptoms• TVOC levels 6x LEED clearance levels• Over 725 different chemicals present
including Formaldehyde, Acetaldehyde, Ethylene Glycol, Mercury, Ammonia, Plasticizers
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Achieving Balance
Proactive IAQ Management and Preventative Maintenance
throughout building life cycle
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IAQ dependent on a Complex System
• Building Design• Construction Management• Building Envelope• Mechanical Systems• Materials• Plumbing and Water Features• O & M• Cleaning• Occupants
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IAQ dependent on Cooperation
• A & D• Owners & Operators• Government & Regulators• Manufacturers• Facility Managers• Service Providers• Insurance & Banks
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IAQ Policy and Regulation
• Not regulated in US or Europe• Source control focus (CARB, French
VOC Label, DIBt, etc.)• Data vs. Forensic Studies• Balance IAQ – Economy – Sustainability• Enforcement Challenges
• Qualifications and accreditation
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Schematic Design and Design Development
• Moisture Management Plan• Specify low chemical-emitting materials• Design an HVAC system specific to the
project• Know the function and capacity of each
space• Maintain an interactive relationship
between the client, designer, engineer, and contractor
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Site Audit
• Building & Site• Environmental Parameters• HVAC and other systems
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Data Collection
• Moisture• Mold• CO2• Particles• VOCs
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Comprehensive Report
• Audit and Test Results• Interpretations• Gap Analysis• Recommendations• Follow up
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Training and IAQ Management
• Training: building operations personnel
• Moisture & IAQ Management Tools
• Incident response and Communication tools
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IAQ Proactive Approach
• Proactive and Preventative
• Minimal effort = maximum certainty
• Identify and prevent IAQ issues during building design, construction, and operations
• Review impacts of multiple related or interdependent systems
• Audit, assess, sample, review, improve
• Give managers and maintenance staff the tools to maintain a healthy environment
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UL Indoor Air Quality Certification for Buildings
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• Document and Design review• Interior moisture testing• Exterior observations and inspection• Verification that key systems are installed and
operating properly• Testing for CO2 and respirable particle levels• Sampling and analyzing for VOCs• Baseline testing for airborne fungi• Training of operations and maintenance staff• IAQ and moisture management plan• Annual audit
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Benefits
• Reduced risk of asset devaluation or loss
• Reduced maintenance cost
• Higher Occupancy Rates
• Reduced Downtime
• Reduced risk of occupant complaints
• Increased performance of building occupants
• Differentiation in the market through an elegant and branded solution
• Legal Compliance
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52Copyright © 2014 Underwriters Laboratories. All rights reserved.
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Thank You
Copyright © 2014 Underwriters Laboratories. All rights reserved.