tradiciuli rewva saqartvelosi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da

xelovnebis saerTaSoriso centri

Tbilisi, saqarTvelo. 2012

tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi

seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva

da ganviTarebis strategia

© Georgian Arts and Culture Center

kvleva ganxorcielda xelovnebis saerTaSoriso

centris mier, evrokavSiris aRmosavleT partniorobis

programis farglebSi ganxorcielebuli proeqtis

“SemoqmedebiTi industriebis seqtoris gaZliereba

azerbaijanSi, saqarTvelosa da somxeTSi: tradiciuli

rewva – erTiani platforma ganviTarebisTvis”

farglebSi


tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da ganviTarebis strategia

1

kvlevis avtorebi:

maka dvaliSvili, xelovnebis saerTaSoriso centri

Tamar kiknaZe, xelovnebis saerTaSoriso centri

ana SanSiaSvili, xelovnebis saerTaSoriso centri

irina mania, xelovnebis saerTaSoriso centri

konsultantebi:

giorgi yifiani – iuristi, Tbilisis saxelmwifo samxatvro akademia

irakli kaxiZe – sociologi, saqstati

nino evgeniZe –ekonomisti, ekonomikuri politikis kvlevis centri

saerTaSoriso konsultantebi:

saimon elisi, iuneskos kulturis statistikis eqsperti

indrasen venkataSelumi, iuneskos kulturuli industriebisa da tradiciuli rewvis

eqsperti

წინამდებარე პუბლიკაცია განხორციელდა ევროკავშირის მხარდაჭერით. მის შინაარსზე პასუხისმგებელია ხელოვნების საერთაშორისო ცენტრი. პუბლიკაციაში გამოთქმული მოსაზრებები არ გამოხატავს ევროკავშირის პოზიციას.



2

ruben absanZis keramikuli saxelosno q.zugdidi. tel.: 555151529



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Sinaarsi

Sesavali ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 6

1. SemoqmedebiTi da kulturuli industriebi da maTi wvlili ekonomikaSi ......... 8

2. tradiciuli rewva, rogorc ekonomikuri resursi: globaluri tendenciebi

da ekonomikurad warmatebuli saerTaSoriso magaliTebi ............................................................ 11

3. tradiciuli rewva rogorc aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreoba............ 13

4. Catarebuli kvlevis aRwera da meTodologia ................................................................................ 15

5. kvlevis sagani da tradiciuli rewvis gansazRvreba .............................................................. 19

6. qarTuli tradiciuli rewvis mokle istoriuli mimoxilva ........................................... 23

6.1. liTonis damuSaveba ........................................................................................................................................................... 23

6.2. keramika ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 25

6.3. tixruli minanqari .............................................................................................................................................................. 27

6.4. xis mxatvruli damuSaveba .......................................................................................................................................... 27

6.5. qvaze kveTa da gliptika ............................................................................................................................................... 28

6.6. teqstili........................................................................................................................................................................................ 29

7. tradiciuli rewvis socialuri-ekonomikur mniSvneloba ................................................... 32

8. tradiciuli rewvis seqtoris arsebuli mdgomareoba saqarTveloSi .................... 35

8.1. arsebuli organizaciuli struqtura ........................................................................................................... 35

8.1.1. samTavrobo da arasamTavrobo struqturebi ............................................................... 35

8.1.2. samTavrobo da arasamTavrobo iniciativebi ................................................................. 36

8.2. iuridiuli baza ..................................................................................................................................................................... 37

8.2.1. sferos identificirebis sakiTxebi ....................................................................................... 37

8.2.2. saqarTvelos kanoni muzeumebis Sesaxeb ........................................................................... 39

8.2.3. saqarTvelos kanoni saqarTvelodan kulturul faseulobaTa

gatanisa da saqarTveloSi Semotanis Sesaxeb ................................................................................. 39

8.2.4. sferoSi samewarmeo saqmianobis samarTlebrivi formebi da

dabegvris rejimebi, rogorc dafinansebis moZiebis wyaro ............................................... 40

8.2.5. kanoni saavtoro da momijnave uflebebis Sesaxeb ................................................. 43

8.2.6. regulaciebi bunebrivi resursebiT sargeblobis Sesaxeb ............................. 44

8.2.7. saxelmwifo politikis Sefaseba tradiciuli rewvis sferoSi ............... 44

8.3. adamianuri resursebi....................................................................................................................................................... 46

8.3.1. SromiTi resursebi ................................................................................................................................. 46

8.3.2. sqesobriv-asakobrivi, erovnuli da socialuri struqtura ........................ 51

8.3.3. asakobrivi struqtura ......................................................................................................................... 53

8.3.4. erovnuli struqtura ........................................................................................................................... 53



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8.3.5. socialuri struqtura ....................................................................................................................... 55

8.3.6. ZiriTadi mignebebi da problemebi ......................................................................................... 55

8.4. regionaluri gavrceleba ............................................................................................................................................. 55


8.5. mwarmoeblebis struqtura samewarmeo statusis mixedviT ......................................................57


8.6. dargobrivi struqtura .................................................................................................................................................. 58

8.6.1. teqstili ........................................................................................................................................................... 58

8.6.2. Telva ..................................................................................................................................................................... 61

8.6.3. naqargoba .......................................................................................................................................................... 63

8.6.4. qsova ...................................................................................................................................................................... 64

8.6.5. dazgaze qsova .............................................................................................................................................. 64

8.6.6. moCiTuli qsovili .................................................................................................................................. 67

8.6.7. kerva ...................................................................................................................................................................... 68

8.6.8. Rebva ...................................................................................................................................................................... 68

8.6.9. keramika ............................................................................................................................................................... 68

8.6.10. minanqari ............................................................................................................................................................ 72

8.6.11. xis damuSaveba ............................................................................................................................................. 73

8.6.12. liTonis damuSaveba ............................................................................................................................... 77

8.6.13. qva/Zvali ............................................................................................................................................................ 79

8.6.14. mina, tyavis da qaRaldis damuSaveba ................................................................................... 80


8.7. saxelosnoebi da danadgarebi ................................................................................................................................. 81

8.8. produqcia, distribucia, bazari, momxmarebeli, gayidvebi ................................................ 83

8.8.1. produqcia ........................................................................................................................................................ 83

8.8.2. xarisxi ................................................................................................................................................................ 85

8.8.3. fasi ........................................................................................................................................................................ 85

8.8.4. SefuTva da wardgena ............................................................................................................................ 86

8.8.5. momxmarebeli ................................................................................................................................................. 87

8.8.6. distribucia .................................................................................................................................................. 90

8.8.7. gayidvebis arxebi ...................................................................................................................................... 90

8.8.8. eqsporti ............................................................................................................................................................ 93


8.9. Semosavlebi .................................................................................................................................................................................95

8.10. saganmanaTleblo baza saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebi da maTi mimoxilva . 97

9. tradiciuli rewvis ZiriTadi problemebi saqarTveloSi .................................................101



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9.1. organizaciuli struqtura ..................................................................................................................................... 101

9.2. iuridiuli baza ................................................................................................................................................................... 101

9.3. adamianuri resursebi..................................................................................................................................................... 103

9.4. regionaluri gavrceleba .......................................................................................................................................... 103

9.5. mwarmoeblis struqtura samewarmeo statusis mixedviT ......................................................... 104

9.6. dargobrivi problemebi ............................................................................................................................................... 104

9.6.1. teqstili ......................................................................................................................................................... 104

9.6.2. keramika ............................................................................................................................................................. 105

9.6.3. minanqari........................................................................................................................................................... 105

9.6.4. xis damuSaveba ............................................................................................................................................ 105

9.6.5. liTonis damuSaveba ............................................................................................................................. 105

9.6.6. qvaze kveTa ..................................................................................................................................................... 106

9.6.7. mina, tyavi, qaRaldi, wnuli ......................................................................................................... 106

9.7. saxelosnoebi da danadgarebi .............................................................................................................................. 106

9.8. produqcia, distribucia, bazari, momxmarebeli, gayidvebi ................................................ 106

9.9. saganmanaTleblo baza, dawesebulebebi da maTi problemebi ............................................ 107

10. rekomendaciebi .......................................................................................................................................................... 108

10.1. organizaciuli struqtura ..................................................................................................................................... 108

10.2. iuridiuli baza .................................................................................................................................................................... 111

10.3. produqciis ganviTareba .............................................................................................................................................. 115

10.4. SefuTva da wardgena ...................................................................................................................................................... 116

10.5. infrastuqtura ...................................................................................................................................................................... 117

10.6. distribucia ............................................................................................................................................................................. 118

10.7. bazari, gayidvebi ................................................................................................................................................................. 118

10.8. popularizacia da brendingi ................................................................................................................................ 119

10.9. saganmanaTleblo baza .................................................................................................................................................. 119



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Sesavali

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da ganviTarebis strategia” warmoadgens saqarTveloSi 2012-2013 wlebSi Catarebuli

tradiciuli rewvis seqtoris interdisciplinarul kvlevas, romelic moicavs dargSi

arsebuli problemebis analizs da rekomendaciebs, rogorc saxelmwifo politikis

daxvewisa da sakanonmdeblo bazis gaumjobesebisTvis, ise rewvis tradiciebis

SenarCunebis, bazarze orientirebuli produqciis ganviTarebisa da aRniSnuli seqtoris

ekonomikur platformad gardaqmnisTvis.

aRniSnuli kvleva Catarda proeqtis “SemoqmedebiTi industriebis seqtoris gaZliereba,

azerbaijanSi, saqarTvelosa da somxeTSi: tradiciuli rewva - erTiani platforma

ganviTarebisTvis“ farglebSi. proeqti miznad isaxavda amierkavkasiis sam qveyanaSi

SemoqmedebiTi industriebis, kerZod, tradiciuli rewvis sferos mdgradi

ganviTarebisTvis xelsayreli garemos Seqmnas da monawile qveynebsa da evrokavSirs

Soris TanamSromlobis xelSewyobas. igi ganxorcielda xelovnebis saerTaSoriso

centris mier partnior organizaciebTan _ Tbilisis meriasTan, evropis saxlTan,

turizmis erovnul administraciasTan, ekosferasTan (azerbaijani) da arkanelTan

(somxeTi) TanamSromlobiT. proeqti dafinansebulia evrokavSiris aRmosavleT

partniorobis kulturis programis mier.

proeqtSi gaTvaliswinebuli RonisZiebebi ramdenime ZiriTad mimarTulebas moicavda,

kerZod:

a. kvleviTi nawili, romelic miznad isaxavda tradiciuli rewvis seqtoris monacemTa

bazisa da eleqtronuli rukis Seqmnas; arsebuli problemebis gamokveTas da

saxelmwifo politikis daxvewisa da sakanonmdeblo bazis gaumjobesebisTvis

rekomendaciebis SemuSavebas.

b. saganmanaTleblo komponenti, romlis mizani iyo saerTaSoriso da adgilobrivi

eqspertebis mier Catarebuli treiningebiT tradiciuli rewvis organizaciebisa da

ostatebis unarebis amaRleba Tanamedrove bazris moTxovnebis Sesaxeb. aseve, bazarze

orientirebuli tradiciuli rewvis produqciis waxaliseba konkursis “rewvis

saukeTeso produqcia samxreT kavkasiaSi” meSveobiT.saganmanaTleblo komponenti aseve

Seexo kulturis sferos statistikis evropuli da sxva saerTaSoriso standartebis

(UNESCO-s, EUROSTAT) gaziarebasa da praqtikaSi danergvas.

g. farTo sazogadoebis cnobierebis amaRlebaze orientirebul kampania, romelic

miznad isaxavda mdidari tradiciebis da kulturul memkvidreobaze dafuZnebuli

rewvis ekonomikuri potencialis aRqmis amaRlebas da saerTaSoriso konferenciiTa da

sxvadasxva media saSualebebiT cnebis „kulturis ekonomika“ Semotanas da damkvidrebas;

d. TanamSromlobis, gaerTianebebis waxaliseba, romelic gulisxmobda sami qveynis

tradiciuli rewvis seqtoris warmomadgenelTa saerTo qselis Seqmnas, mis

popularizacias da integracias evropul sivrceSi.

proeqtis specifika, rac kulturisa da ekonomikis kavSiris gamokveTas da

SemoqmedebiTi industriebis, kerZod tradiciuli rewvis, rogorc dasaqmebis,

regionaluri ganviTarebis resursad warmoCenaSi mdgomareobs, TavisTavad gulisxmobda

mravaldargobriv midgomas da seqtorTaSoris TanamSromlobas. Sesabamisad, proeqtis

samizne jgufebs warmoadgendnen rogorc samTavrobo seqtoris: kulturis, ekonomikis,

ganaTlebissaministroebis, Sesabamisi saparlamento komitetebis, adgilobrivi

mTavrobebis, muzeumebis, saavtoro uflebebis damcveli saagentoebis, turizmis da

statistikis departamentebis/saagentoebis, saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis:

universitetebisa da profesiuli ganaTlebis centrebis warmomadgenlebi;aseve



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arasamTavrobo seqtori - kulturis sferoSi moRvawe arasamTavrobo organizaciebi,

mcire da saSualo sawarmoebi da individualuri ostatebi, maT Soris diasaxlisebi,

axalgazrdebi, unarSezRuduli da iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli pirebi da regionebis

mosaxleoba.

winamdebare dokumenti moicavs proeqtis kvleviTi komponentis farglebSi

saqarTveloSi Catarebuli farTomasStabiani kvlevisas gamovlenili mdgomareobisa da

gamokveTili problematikis analizs da saerTaSoriso gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT

SemuSavebul samomavlo strategias, romelic Tavis mxriv, miznad isaxavs saqarTveloSi

rewvis seqtoris mdgradi ganviTarebis xelSewyobas.



8

1. SemoqmedebiTi da kulturuli industriebi da maTi wvlili ekonomikaSi

dRevandel msoflioSi SemoqmedebiTi da kulturuli industriebi ekonomikis

umniSvnelovanes mamoZravebel Zalas warmoadgens. Tu meoce saukune industrializaciis

periodi iyo, Tanamedrove msofliom axleburad gaiazra da win wamowia individis,

codnis, SemoqmedebiTi midgomis, rogorc inovaciis pirvelwyaros mniSvneloba da mcire

da saSualo biznesis roli ekonomikis ganviTarebaSi.

“SemoqmedebiTi sawyisis, kulturis, ekonomikis da teqnologiebis sinTezs ZaluZs

Seqmnas inteleqtualuri kapitali, romelsac, Tavis mxriv, didi potenciali aqvs iqces

samuSao adgilebis, eqsportis, kulturuli mravalferovnebisa da socialuri da

adamianuri ganviTarebis xelisSemwyob faqtorad. swored es aris is, rasac

SemoqmedebiTi ekonomika ukve qmnis bevr wamyvan qveyanaSi ekonomikuri zrdis, dasaqmebis,

vaWrobis, inovaciis waxalisebis da socialuri kavSirebis gamyarebis mimarTulebiT.” 1 –

aRniSnulia gaeros 2008 wlis angariSSi SemoqmedebiTi ekonomikis2 Sesaxeb.

SemomqdebiTi da kulturuli industriebis 3 mzardi ekonomikuri potenciali bolo

wlebSi Catarebulma araerTma kvlevam aCvena. maT Sorisaa, 2006 wels evrokomisiis

dakveTiT KEAEuropean Affairs-s mier Catarebuli kvleva “kulturis ekonomika evropaSi” 4,

romelmac gamoavlina, rom SemoqdebiTi ekonomika 2003 wlisTvis evropuli mSp-is 2.6%

qmnida da is daaxloebiT 5 milion adamians asaqmebda. aRniSnulikvlevis Sedegebma

safuZveli Cauyara evrokavSiris wevri qveynebis mier SemoqmedebiTi industriebis rolis

aRiarebas. SemoqmedebiTi industriebis mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb aranakleb sagulisxmo

kvlevas warmoadgens gaeros 2008 wlis “SemoqmedebiTi ekonomikis angariSi” 5, 2009 wels

aseve evrokomisiis dakveTiT KEAEuropean Affairs-s mier Catarebuli kvleva “kulturis

zegavlena SemoqmedebiTobaze” 6 . ukanaskneli periodis kvlevebs Soris mniSvnelovan

informacias iZleva Tera Consultant–is mier Catarebuli kvleva, romlis mixedviTac 2008

wlisTvis SemoqmedebiTi ekonomika evrokavSiris qveynebis masStabiT 8.5 milion samuSao

adgils (mTliani samuSao Zalis 3.8%) da evropuli mSp-is 4.5% qmnida7.

1SemoqomedebiTi ekonomika Tavis TavSi aerTianebs ekonomikur, socialur da kulturul aspeqtebs, mas gaaCnia codnaze-dafuZnebuli ekonomikis maxasiaTeblebi, mis mTavar mamoZravebel Zalas ki SemoqmedebiTi da kulturuli industriebi warmoadgens. Tavismxriv, SemoqmedebiTi industriebi warmoadgens induqtriebs1 The Creattive Economy 2008, UNCTAD/DITC/2008/2, p. iii 2 The Creattive Economy 2008, UNCTAD/DITC/2008/2, p. 4 3 kulturuli industriebi miekuTvneba industriaTa im rigs, romlebic aerTianebs aramaterialuri da kulturuli xasiaTis SemoqmedebiTi Sinaarsis Seqmnis, warmoebis da komercializaciis process. rogorc wesi, SemoqmedebiTi Sinaarsi daculia saavtoro uflebiT, romelsac SesaZloa hqondes, rogorc produqciis, ise momsaxurebis saxe. kulturul industriebSi ZiriTadad moiazreba sagamomcemlo saqme, audiovzualuri da kinematografiuli produqcia, iseve rogorc rewva da dizaini. SemoqmedebiTi industriebi aerTianebs saqmianobis ufro farTo speqtrs, maT Soris kulturul industriebs da, aseve, yvela tipis industrias, romelic Tavis TavSi moicavs kulturul da mxatvrul elements da SemoqmedebiTi sawyisis aqtiur CarTulobas. SemoqmedebiTi industriebi kulturul industriebTan erTad moicavs arqiteqturasa da reklamas. 4 The Economy of Culture in Europe, KEA, Study prepared for the European Commission (Directorate-General for Education and Culture), Brussels, October 2006 http://www.keanet.eu/ecoculture/studynew.pdf 5 The Creative Economy 2008, UNCTAD/DITC/2008/2, http://unctad.org/fr/Docs/ditc20082cer_en.pdf 6 The Impact of Culture on Creativity, KEA, Study prepared for the European Commission (Directorate-General for Education and Culture), Brussels, June 2009 http://ec.europa.eu/culture/documents/study_impact_cult_creativity_06_09.pdf 7The core creative industries generated almost €560 billion of value added and represented approximately 8.5 million jobs in 2008, respectively corresponding to 4.5% of european gdp and 3.8% of european workforce. Tera Consultant, Building a Digital Economy The Importance of saving jobs nin the Eu Cretive Industries, March 2010http://www.teraconsultants.fr/assets/publications/PDF/2010-Mars-Etude_Piratage_TERA_full_report-En.pdf

http://www.keanet.eu/ecoculture/studynew.pdf

http://unctad.org/fr/Docs/ditc20082cer_en.pdf

http://ec.europa.eu/culture/documents/study_impact_cult_creativity_06_09.pdf

http://www.teraconsultants.fr/assets/publications/PDF/2010-Mars-Etude_Piratage_TERA_full_report-En.pdf

http://www.teraconsultants.fr/assets/publications/PDF/2010-Mars-Etude_Piratage_TERA_full_report-En.pdf



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seqtoris kvlevam aseve daadastura, rom SemoqmedebiTi industriebis umetesi nawili,

evropis masStabiT ki 80%, 8 mikro da mcire sawarmoebis saxiT funqcionirebs. mcire da

saSualo sawarmoebi da start-ap kompaniebi ki, Tavis mxriv, evrozonis qveynebSi

inovaciis ZiriTad lokomotivebs warmoadgens. evropaSi sawarmoTa 98% mcire da

saSualo sawarmoebze modis; isini qmnian samuSao adgilebis 2/3-s da mTliani

damatebiTi Rirebulebis 60%-s kerZo seqtorSi. regionebi, romlebic SemoqmedebiTobis

maRali doniT xasiaTdeba, ufro maRalSemosavliani da stabiluria. isini

umniSvnelovanes rols asruleben ganviTarebuli qveynebis ekonomikuri stabilurobis

SenarCunebaSi. Teoriis siswore, romlis Tanaxmadac mcire da saSualo sawarmoebi

mniSvnelovani buferis funqcias asruleben ekonomikuri daRmasvlebis dros, kidev

erTxel daadastura 2008 wlis ekonomikurma krizisma. metic, mcire da saSualo

sawarmoebi dasaqmebis ufro stabilur wyaros warmoadgenen; ekonomikuri daRmasvlis

dros isini naklebad aTavisufleben TanamSromlebs. 2009 wlis dasawyisSi msxvil

sawarmoTa raodenoba, romlebmac dasaqmebulTa raodenoba Seamcires, orjer

aRemateboda mcire da saSualo sawarmoebis da samjer mikrobiznesebis raodenobas,

romelic analogiurad moiqca.

paralelurad, bolo wlebSi mimdinare kvlevebis fonze, adgili hqonda SemoqmedebiTi

industriebis rolis deklarirebas da maTi xelSewyobis strategiebis SemuSavebas

rogorc erovnul, ise saerTaSoriso doneze.

evrosabWom aRiara kulturuli da SemoqmedebiTi industriebis wvlili lisabonis

strategiiT (2000-2010) dasaxuli miznebis miRwevaSi da igi evropuli inovaciuri

potencialis katalizatorad dasaxa. 2002 wels evroparlamentma miiRo rezolucia

(2002/2127 (INI) 9 , romelic Seexo kulturul industriebs da maT rols kulturuli

produqciis da momsaxurebis SeqmnaSi, ekonomikur ganviTarebaSi, ganaTlebasa da

dasaqmebaSi, rogorc erovnul, ise regionul da adgilobriv doneze. kulturis rogorc

ekonomikuri ganviTarebis stimulatoris an katalizatoris gaazreba gaJRerebulia

iuneskos „kulturis gamoxatulebis mravalferovnebis dacvisa da popularizaciis

konvenciaSi“ (parizi, 2005), aseve „evropis kulturis programaSi msoflio

globalizaciis procesSi”, sadac kulturul da SemoqmedebiT industriebs

gansakuTrebuli roli eniWeba. 2009 weli evropaSi gamocxadda SemoqmedebiTobisa da

inovaciis wlad 10 . Sedegad, dReisaTvis evropis da zogadad dasavleTis qveynebis

umetesobaSi SemoqmedebiTi industriebis ganviTareba saxelmwifos kulturuli,

ekonomikuri da industriuli politikis ganuyofeli nawilia. SemoqmedebiTi

industriebis roli naTlad aris gacxadebuli didi britaneTis, niderlandebis, daniis,

SvedeTis, fineTis, safrangeTis da germaniis, italiis, portugaliis, litvis, CexeTis,

bulgareTis, estoneTis da irlandiis erovnul politikaSi. 11 F saerTaSoriso

gamocdileba aCvenebs, rom maTi efeqturi ganxorcielebis Sedegad araerTi samuSao

adgili Seiqmna, mravali regioni gamococxlda, gaizarda maTi turistuli

mimzidveloba. am mxriv yvelaze mowinave qveyanaa didi britaneTi, sadac SemoqmedebiTi

industriebis ganviTareba kulturis, mediisa da sportis departamentma jer kidev 1997

wlidan Seitana sakuTar strategiaSi. londonSi arsebuli kulturuli industriebis

ganviTarebis saagento specialurad SemoqmedebiT seqtorSi moRvawe mikro da mcire

sawarmoebis daxmarebisTvisaa Seqmnili. britaneTis mTavrobis mier daarsebuli

8 The enterpreneurial dimesion of the cultural and creative industries, Untrecht School of Arts K2M ltd, Eurokleis S.r.L, For the Education & Culture DG of the EC, Nomeber 2011., p. 7 9http://www.europarl.europa.eu/oeil/popups/summary.do?id=78496&t=e&l=en 10 Unlocking the potential of the cultural and creative Industries, EC green Paper ( April, 2010). http://ec.europa.eu/culture/our-policy-development/doc/GreenPaper_creative_industries_en.pdf 11 The enterpreneurial dimesion of the cultural and creative industries, Untrecht School of Arts K2M ltd, Eurokleis S.r.L, For the Education & Culture DG of the EC, Nomeber 2011., p. 51

http://www.europarl.europa.eu/oeil/popups/summary.do?id=78496&t=e&l=en

http://ec.europa.eu/culture/our-policy-development/doc/GreenPaper_creative_industries_en.pdf

http://ec.europa.eu/culture/our-policy-development/doc/GreenPaper_creative_industries_en.pdf



10

specialuri programa “SemoqmedebiTi britaneTi” (Creative Britain) miznad isaxavs

xelovnebasa da ekonomikas Soris arsebuli kavSirebis gaRrmavebas. grZelvadiani

strategiis mizanmimarTuli ganxorcielebis Sedegad didi britaneTis SemoqmedebiTi

industriebis seqtori erT-erTi yvelaze swrafad mzardi ekonomikuri seqtoria. jer

kidev 2005 wlisTvis am seqtorSi 1.3 milioni adamiani iyo dasaqmebuli, misi Semosavali

ki 112,5 miliardi funti sterlingi iyo.

SemoqmedebiTi industriebis qveseqtorebis klasifikacia xSirad gansxvavdeba

erTmaneTisgan, rac qveynebis specifikiTaa gamowveuli. Tumca, maT Soris ZiriTadad

moiazreba kino, saSemsruleblo xelovneba, musika, xelovneba da antikvarebi,

arqiteqtura, moda, dizaini, rewva, kompiuteruli TamaSebi, reklama, sagamomcemlo

saqmianoba, televizia da radio. aqedan, dReisTvis, evropis masStabiT yvelaze

maRalSemosavliani seqtorebia moda (247.189.494 evro), dizaini (157,112, 932 evro), radio

da televizia (155.192.531 evro)12.

12 The enterpreneurial dimesion of the cultural and creative industries, Untrecht School of Arts K2M ltd, Eurokleis S.r.L, For the Education & Culture DG of the EC, Nomeber 2011., p. 78



11

2. tradiciuli rewva, rogorc ekonomikuri resursi: globaluri tendenciebi da ekonomikurad warmatebuli saerTaSoriso magaliTebi

kulturuli industriebis calke dargad gamoiyofa tradiciuli rewva, romelic iseTi

seqtorebis paralelurad, rogoricaa musika, kino, arqiteqtura, moda da sxva,

msoflios sxvadasxva qveynisa Tu regionis ganviTarebis umniSvnelovanes resurss da

dasaqmebisa da ekonomikuri zrdis wyaros warmoadgens.

iuneskos monacemebis mixedviT 2006 wels globaluri masStabiT rewvis ostatTa

nawarmis eqsportma 186.5 miliardi a. S. S. dolars miaRwia13.

tradiciuli rewva gansakuTrebul rols TamaSobs ganviTarebadi qveynebis ekonomikaSi.

iuneskos zemoxsenebuli monacemebiT 186.5 miliardidan, 87 miliardi, anu 47%, swored

ganviTarebad qveynebze modis. 14 am tendencias gansakuTrebiT aZlierebs tradiciuli

xelsaqmis da xalxuri rewvis mcire damokidebuleba teqnologiur siaxleebze,

Sesabamisad, finansur kapitalze da, aseve, misi siaxlove adgilobriv resursebTan da

tradiciul codnasTan.

azia da evropa tradiciuli rewvis porduqciis wamyvani saeqsporto regionebia.

indoeTis wili tradiciuli rewvis produqciis msoflio bazarze 2004 wels 1.5% iyo,

1.2 milioni dolaris brunviT, 2006 wlisTvis ki eqportma 1.9 miliard aSS dolars

miaRwia. 2007 wels tradiciuli rewvis produqciiT vaWrobis yovelwliurma zrdam ki

10% Seadgina. Tumca ekonomikuri krizisis Semdeg, misi wili tradiciuli rewvis

produqciis msoflio bazarze 2%-mde davida. 15

ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiT gansakuTrebiT warmatebuli iyo tailandSi

ganxorcielebuli proeqti OTOP One Tambon One Product-i (erTi tamboni (tailandis

administraciuli erTeuli) erTi produqti), romelic 2001 wlidan mimidinareobs.

proeqtis mizani iyo tradiciuli rewvis SenarCuneba tailandis soflis mosaxleobaSi

da maTi Semosavlis gazrda. proeqtis miznebis misaRwevad TiToeul sofelSi moxda

rewvis erTi produqtis identificireba, maTi xarisxis daxvewa, Tanamedrove bazris

standartebis SemuSaveba, produqciis brendingi, adgilobriv mosaxleobaSi mewarmeobis

da biznes unarebis ganviTareba da produqciis saerTaSoriso bazarze marketingi.

Sedegad, tradiciuli rewvis produqciis eqsportiT miRebulma Semosavalma 2002 wlis 2

milioni aSS dolaridan 2004 wlisTvis 102 milion aSS dolars miaRwia16.

gansakuTrebiT STambeWdavia didi britaneTis rewvis seqtorSi ekonomikuri maCveneblebi,

romlis mixedviTac aRniSnuli dargis ekonomikurma brunvam 2012 wels 10.8 miliard

funt sterlings miaRwia. didi britaneTis tradiciuli rewvis sferoSi 169,000 adamiania

dasaqmebuli, rac ekonomikuri gaTvlebiT kidev gaizrdeba da 2022 wlisTvis dasaqmebaSi

zrda 12% miaRwevs. seqtoris wili didi britaneTis ekonomikis mTlian damatebiT

RirebulebaSi 4.4. miliardia 17 , rac, Tavis mxriv, kidev erTxel adasturebs am

industriis did ekonomikur potencials.

13Friel, M., Crafts, A hidden heart of creative industries, Tafter Journal; April, 2010.Retrieved November 15 from http://www.tafterjournal.it/2010/04/02/crafts-a-hidden-heart-of-creative-industries/. 14Friel, M., Crafts, A hidden heart of creative industries, Tafter Journal; April, 2010.Retrieved November 15 from http://www.tafterjournal.it/2010/04/02/crafts-a-hidden-heart-of-creative-industries/. 15 Vanaja Menon, Art of Marketing Village Crafts; Challenges in Applying Quantitative Marketing to Resist Recession, p.1.http://www.wbiconpro.com/509-Vanaja.pdf 16 Creative Industries and Micro & Small Scale Enterprise Development: A contribution to Poverty Alleviation, UNIDO. pp. 31-32 http://www.unido.org/fileadmin/user_media/Publications/Pub_free/69264_creative_industries.pdf 17 Mapping Heritage Crafts, the economic controbution of crafts sector in England, October 2012, http://blueprintfiles.s3.amazonaws.com/1353320471-Mapping_Heritage_Craft.pdf

http://www.wbiconpro.com/509-Vanaja.pdf

http://www.unido.org/fileadmin/user_media/Publications/Pub_free/69264_creative_industries.pdf

http://blueprintfiles.s3.amazonaws.com/1353320471-Mapping_Heritage_Craft.pdf



12

tradiciuli rewvis produqciis eqsportis zemoT aRniSnuli monacemebiT

dadasturebuli pozitiuri globaluri tendenciis da saqarTveloSi arsebuli

potencialis gaTvaliswinebiT, romelic erTi mxriv ganpirobebulia rewvis uZvelesi

tradiciebis dRemde Semonaxuli mravalferovnebiT, xolo meore mxriv, regionisadmi

mzardi turistuli ineteresiT, saqarTveloSi kulturul memkvidreobaze dafuZnebuli

industriebis ganviTarebisa da misi ekonomikuri mdgradobis mniSvnelovani

perspeqtivebi ikveTeba.



13

3. tradiciuli rewva rogorc aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreoba

2003 wels iuneskom “aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvis konvencia” miiRo,

ramac mniSvnelovnad gaafarTova „kulturuli memkvidreobis“ manamde arsebuli gageba da

igi Zeglebisa da koleqciebis garda gaavrcela aramaterialur memkvidreobazec.

konvenciis mixedviT aramaterialur kulturul memkvidreobad aRiarebul iqna

zepirsityvieri tradiciebi, maT Soris ena, rogorc aramaterialuri kulturuli

memkvidreobis gadacemis saSualeba, saSemsruleblo xelovneba, sazogadoebrivi praqtika,

ritualebi, dResaswaulebi, tradiciuli TamaSobebi, kulinaria, adgilobrivi codna da

praqtika, romelic bunebasa da samyaros ukavSirdeba da bolos tradiciuli xelosnoba,

romlis sicocxlisunarianobac zepirsityvier tradiciebze, codnasa da unarebzea

damokidebuli.

aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreoba ar Semoifargleba mxolod erTeuli

gamoxatulebebiT, radgan is, ZiriTadad, mravali dargis momcvelia, Sesabamisad, iuneskos

midgomac kompleqsuria, iTvaliswinebs ra aRniSnuli sferos mravalmxrivobas.

tradiciuli rewva aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis dargebs Soris yvelaze

materialuria, radgan misi produqti materialuria. Tumca, imdenad, ramdenadac rewva da

xelosnoba dakavSirebulia codnasTan da unarebTan, romelic zepirsityvieri tradiciiT

Taobidan Taobas gadaecemoda, konvencia swored aramaterialur unarebsa da codnas

Seexeba da ara romelime konkretul nimuSs. Sesabamisad, konvenciis mizania ara

konkretuli nimuSis dacva, aramed tradiciis SenarCuneba da Taobidan Taobaze gadacemis

uzrunvelyofa.

iseve rogorc aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis sxva dargebs, globalizaciam

didi safrTxe Seuqmna adgilobrivi xelosnobis tradiciebsac. xeliT Seqmnili rewvis

nawarmi xSirad ver uwevs konkurencias qarxnulad warmoebul masobriv iaffasian

produqcias, rac, Tavis mxriv, zogierTi tradiciis dakargvis saSiSroebas qmnis. msoflios

sxvadasxva regionSi mravali ostati cdilobs gaumklavdes aRniSnul sirTules.

kidev erTi sirTule, romlis winaSec globalurad dgas tradiciuli xelosnoba, aris

garemos dacvis sakiTxebi, ramac zogierTi bunebrivi resursisa da nedli masalis

SezRudva gamoiwvia.

imdenad ramdenadac konvencia icavs unarebsa da codnas, misi dacvis mTavari meqanizmi,

swored ganaTlebis, swavlebis komponentis, tradiciis Taobidan Taobaze gadacemis

aucilebloba da misi uzrunvelyofaa.

Tumca axalgazrdebis waxalisebisTvis mxolod unarebis aTviseba ar aris sakmarisi,

Sesamabisad, iunesko xazs usvams rewvis produqciis ekonomikur Rirebulebas da misi

bazris xelSewyobis aucileblobas.xelnakeT produqciaze moTxovnis zrdasTan erTad

Cndeba niSa ama Tu im xalxis tradiciis matarebeli nivTebis marketingisTvis, rac, Tavis

mxriv,aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis sicocxlisunarianobis saukeTeso

garantiaa.

tradiciuli xelosnobis xelSewyobis da dacvis kidev erT meqanizmad moiazreba saavtoro

uflebebis dacva, rac am uflebis mflobel Temebs upiratesobas aniWebs da maTi

produqciis dacvis winapirobas qmnis.

saqarTvelo “aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvis konvencias” 2007 wels

miuerTda, riTac saxelmwifom aRiara aramaterialuri memkvidreobis dacvis aucilebloba

da ikisra konvenciiT gavTvaliswinebuli valdebulebebi, rac gulisxmobs: aramaterialuri



14

kulturuli memkvidreobis sicocxlisunarianobis uzrunvelyofis mizniT mis

identifikacias, dokumentirebas, kvlevas, Senaxvas, dacvas, aRorZinebas, popularizacias,

formaluri da araformaluri ganaTlebis meSveobiT axalgazrda TaobisaTvis mis

gadacemas, aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis sxvadasxva aspeqtis aRorZinebas.

2012 wlis 24 ianvars saqarTvelos kulturisa da ZeglTa dacvis ministris #3/28 brZanebiT

damtkicda aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis obieqtis saaRricxvo baraTi da misi

Sevsebis wesi.



15

4. Catarebuli kvlevis aRwera da meTodologia

winamdebare kvleva warmoadgens saqarTveloSi tradiciuli rewvis seqtoris

kompleqsuri Seswavlis pirvel mcdelobas, rac, TavisTavad arTulebda amocanas,

imdenad, ramdenadac ar arsebobda saqarTvelos rewvis seqtoris specifikis Sesabamisi

aprobirebuli meTodologia da instrumentebi.

kvlevis miznebis, Sinaarsis da meTodologiis SemuSavebisas xelovnebis saerTaSoriso

centris gundi organizaciis 16 wlian gamocdilebasTan erTad daeyrdno sxvadasxva

qveynebSi ganxorcielebul kvlevebs, adgilobrivi da saerTaSoriso eqspertebis,

mowveuli mkvlevarebis (sociologi, ekonomisti, iuristi) Sexedulebebs.amave dros

gaTvaliswinebul iqna artgenis mier 2010-2012 wlebSi Catarebuli kvlevebi: 1. xalxuri

Semoqmedebis ganviTareba saqarTveloSi; 2. rewvis da eTnokulturuli turizmis bazris

ganviTarebis tendenciebi saqarTveloSi.

proeqtis sawyis etapzeve iqna dadgenili kvlevis dizaini, romlis ZiriTad komponentebs

warmoadgenda dargis istoriuli mniSvnelobis analizi, arsebuli iuridiuli bazis,

sociologiuri aspeqtebis da ekonomikuri maCveneblebis kvleva; arsebuli produqciis

xarisxis, teqnologiuri jgufebis, bazris Sefaseba; problemebis identificireba da

tradiciuli rewvis seqtoris mdgradi ganviTarebisTvis rekomendaciebis SemuSaveba.

Seiqmna samuSao jgufi, romelic Sedgeboda xelovnebis saerTaSoriso centris

TanamSromlebisgan:

• mariam dvaliSvili –xelovnebaTmcodne

• ana SanSianSvili – xelovnebaTmcodne

• irina mania – xelovnebaTmcodne

• Tamar kiknaZe – ekonom-geografi

• malxaz gelaSvili, geologi

da mowveuli mkvlevarebisgan:

• giorgi yifiani – iuristi

• irakli kaxiZe – sociologi

• nino evgeniZe - ekonomisti

kvleva ramdenime etapad ganxorcielda:

I - mosamzadebeli etapi

- seqtoris identificireba

vinaidan tradiciuli rewva rogorc zogadad msoflioSi, ise saqarTveloSi, ar

warmoadgens mkacrad gansazRvrul seqtors, kvlevis dawyebis pirvelive etapze

ganxorcielda arsebuli ganmartebebis da midgomebis analizi da kvlevis sagnis da

Sesabamisi definiciebis gansazRvra.

eqspertebis jgufTan erTad moxda terminis _ "tradiciuli rewva" _ ganmartebis

SemuSaveba, saqarTvelosTvis tradiciuli teqnologiuri dargebisa da qvedargebis

klasifikacia, romelic safuZvlad daedo kvlevis mimdinareobas.

• tradiciuli rewvis seqtorze/moqmed ostatebsa da organizaciebze pirveladi

informaciis Segroveba



16

saqarTveloSi, iseve rogorc bevr sxva qveyanaSi, statistikur aRricxvaSi ar xdeba

tradiciuli rewvis calke seqtorad gamoyofa, Sesabamisad, kvlevis dawyebamde

SeuZlebeli iyo winaswari statistikuri masalis moZieba.

seqtoris pirveladi monaxazis Seqmnis mizniT moxda xelovnebis saerTaSoriso centris

bazis Sejereba sxva arsebul sainformacio bazebTan. kerZod, moZiebul iqna kulturis

saministros, turizmis erovnuli saagentos, Tbilisis meriis, festivalis artgenis,

municipalitetebis kulturis ganyofilebebis xelT arsebuli monacemebi tradiciuli

rewvis ostatebisa da sawarmoebis Sesaxeb. kombinirebuli bazis safuZvelze

ganxorcielda seqtorSi dasaqmebulTa raodenobis da misi geografiuli ganawilebis

winaswari Sefaseba da savele samuSaoebis dagegmva.

• arastruqturirebuli da struqturirebuli kiTxvarebis SemuSaveba

SemuSavda 6 sxvadasxva tipis arastruqturirebuli da struqturirebuli kiTxvari,

romelTa samizne jgufs warmoadgendnen:

• tradiciuli rewvis seqtorSi dasaqmebuli ostatebi, romlebic ewevian

warmoebuli produqciis realizacias;

• sawarmoebi, romlebic awarmoeben tradiciuli rewvis nawarms Semdgomi

realizaciis mizniT;

• tradiciuli rewvis nawarmis sarealizacio obieqtebis pasuxismgebeli pirebi;

• ucxoeli turistebi, romlebmac SeiZines tradiciuli rewvis produqcia;

• qarTveli momxmareblebi, romlebmac SeiZines tradiculi rewvis produqcia;

• adgilobrivi eqspertebi, romelTac gaaCniaT dargSi arsebuli mdgomareobis da

samomavlo perspeqtivebis analizisTvis saTanado kompetencia

II etapi – monacemebis Segroveba, savele samuSaoebi

a. raodenobrivi kvleva

savele samuSaos mizani iyo erTis mxriv tradiciuli rewvis seqtorSi moRvawe

organizaciebis, individebis da sarealizacio obieqtebis monacemTa bazis Seqmna, xolo

meores mxriv, maTi ekonomikuri maCveneblebis da aqtualuri problemebis gamokveTa; es

kvlevis yvelaze masStaburi, Sromatevadi da rTuli nawili iyo.

gamomdinare iqidan, rom raodenobrivi kvleva seqtoris ekonomikuri SesaZleblobebis

gansazRvras isaxavda miznad, respodentebis SerCevis erT-erTiaucilebeli kriteriumi

iyo maTi biznes aqtivoba. Tumca tradiciuli rewvis seqtoris monacemTa bazisTvis

srulyofilad warmoCenis mizniT, savele samuSaoebis warmoebisas jgufi aseve aRwerda

im ostatebs, romlebicfloben codnas, magram amJamad ar ewevian namuSevrebis

realizacias, an mxolod sakuTari moxmarebisTvis awarmoeben produqcias.

tradiciuli rewvis produqciis mwarmoebeli: winamdebare gamokiTxvamde aRniSnuli

seqtoris kvlevis praqtikis simwiris gamo, garTulda respondentTa SerCevis CarCos

gansazRvra; Sesabamisad gadawyda SeZlebisdagvarad aRweriliyo tradiciuli rewvis

seqtorSi moRvawe yvela xelmisawvdomi ostati da sawarmo, romelic Semdgomi

realizaciis mizniT awarmoebda produqcias.

sakontaqto informaciis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi savele samuSaoebs win uZRoda

respondetebTan winaswari satelefono komunikacia, romelic miznad isaxavda

potenciuri respondentis validurobis dadgenas, rasac ori ZiriTadi kriteriumi

gansazRvravda:



17

• produqciis tradiciasTan kavSiri (tradiciuli teqnika da dizaini, an romelime

maTgani)

• produqciis realizacia

ZiriTadi savele samuSaoebi Catarda 2012 wlis ivnisidan 2013 wlis martis CaTvliT.

raodenobrivi maCveneblebi Segrovda 40 municipalitetsa da 3 TviTmmarTvel qalaqSi;

Tvisobrivi Taviseburebebis analizi gagrZelda 2013 zafxulSi, romelmac kidev 6

municipaliteti da 1 TviTmmarTveli qalaqi dafara.

sul moxda dakavSireba 537 erTeulTan, aqedan gamokiTxuli iqna 37 sawarmo da 434

individualuri ostati, romelTaganac raodenobrivi kvlevisTvis validuri iyo 31

sawarmo da 373 ostati.

tradiciuli rewvis mewarmeTa identificireba da teqnologiuri jgufis gansazRvra

dargis specifikis kompetencias moiTxovda, ris gamoc sakmaod SezRuduli iyo

interviuerebis raodenobac. savele samuSaoebi ganaxorcieles xelovnebis

saerTaSoriso centris TanamSromlebma, romlebic monawileobdnen meTodologiis

SerCevaSi, ramdenime welia muSaoben centrSi mimdinare tradiciuli rewvis

ganviTarebis programaSi da gaiares specialuri treningi kiTxvarebis Sevsebasa da

siRrmiseuli interviuebis warmoebaSi.

intervius Tan axlda monacemTa bazisTvis rewvis ostatebis, organizaciebis da

sarealizacio obieqtebis Sesaxeb sakontaqto informaciis Sevseba-dazusteba da maTi

namuSevrebis/maRaziebis fotografireba, rac, Tavis mxriv, savele samuSaoebis dros

warmoebul dakvirvebebsa da miRebul gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT dargis xarisxobrivi

da Tvisobrivi Taviseburebebis analizis saSualebas iZleva.

savaWro obieqtebi: tradiciuli rewvis produqciis da misi ekonomikuri potencialis

Sesafaseblad kvlevam moicva tradiciuli rewvis sarealizacio obieqtebi, romelTa

mflobelebmac Tanxmoba ganacxades kvlevaSi monawileobaze. sul gamoikiTxa 32

sxvadasxva tipis savaWro obieqti.

momxmarebeli: RirebulebaTa jaWvis srulyofilad gamovlenis mizniT kvlevaSi

CarTuli iqna momxmareblis poziciac, romelic moicavda:

• ucxoel turistebs

• Sida momxmareblebs

momxmareblis damokidebulebis kvlevisTvis respondentebi SeirCa SemTxveviTi SerCevis

gziT. gamokiTxul iqna 100 Sida momxmarebeli da 90 ucxoeli turisti.

b. Tvisebrivi kvleva (siRrmiseuli interviu)

siRrmiseuli intervius kvlevis instruments warmoadgenda arastruqturirebuli

kiTxvari, xolo respodentebs dargis kompetenturi eqspertebi. aRniSnuli meTodis

gamoyeneba emsaxureboda erTis mxriv sakiTxis siRrmiseul Seswavlas da meores mxriv

kvlevis instrumentis srulyofas. interviu Catarda tradiciuli rewvis sferos 10

adgilobriv eqspertTan.

III etapi

- monacemebis damuSaveba18

monacemebis damuSaveba moxda SPSS20.0 formatSi. miRebuli monacemebis statistikuri

analizi ganxorcielda Semdeg etapebad:

18 tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva. danarTi 2. tradiciuli rewvis seqtoris kvlevis sociologiuri angariSi. kaxiZe i. 2013. gv. 5



18

• Ria kiTxvebis kodireba;

• monacemTa failis momzadeba;

• monacemTa Seyvana;

• monacemTa bazis gawmenda;

• monacemTa bazis damuSaveba da statistikuri analizi;

• seqtoris arsebuli maregulirebeli iuridiuli CarCos kvleva19

Catarda tradiciul rewvasTan dakavSirebuli saerTaSoriso konvenciebisa da

saqarTveloSi moqmedi sakanonmdeblo bazis kvleva. kerZod gaanalizda saqarTvelos

kanoni "kulturuli memkvidreobis Sesaxeb", “saqarTvelos kanoni muzeumebis Sesaxeb”,

kulturuli faseulobebis saqarTvelodan gatanis nebarTvasTan, sagadasaxado

kodeqsTan, bunebrivi resursebis moxmarebasTan da sxva dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi.

• ekonomikuri monacemebis analizi, gaTvlebi da perspeqtivebi20

ekonomikuri kvleva moicavda saqarTveloSi tradiciuli rewvis ekonomikuri

maCveneblebis analizs, dargis warsuli da amJamindeli rolis gansazRvras qveynis

ekonomikaSi.

• monacemTa analizi da rekomendaciebis SemuSaveba

kvlevis Sedegad miRebulma statistikurma informaciam, iseve rogorc savele

samuSaoebis dros warmoebulma dakvirvebebma da miRebulma gamocdilebam, tradiciuli

rewvis seqtoris xarisxobrivi da Tvisobrivi Taviseburebebis analizis saSualeba

Seqmna.

kvlevis Sedegad gamovlenili problemebis analizze dayrdnobiT SemuSavebuli iqna

rekomendaciebi rogorc Sesabamisi samTavrobo struqturebis, ise am seqtorSi moRvawe

arasamTavrobo seqtoris mimarT. rekomendaciebi moicavs iuridiul, ekonomikur,

socialur, infrastruqturul, saganmanaTleblo, garemosdacviT da sxva mimarTulebebs.

19 tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva. danarTi 1. tradiciuli rewvis seqtoris iuridiuli bazis kvlevis angariSi. yifiani g. gv 2. 2013 20 tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva. danarTi 3. tradiciuli rewvis seqtoris ekonmikuri kvlevis angariSi. ekonomikuri politikis kvlevis centri 2013



19

5. kvlevis sagani da tradiciuli rewvis gansazRvreba

kvlevis miznidan gamomdinare, upirveles amocanas warmoadgenda “tradiciuli rewvis”

seqtoris da misi qvedargebis gansazRvra da identificireba.

tradiciuli rewva rogorc zogadad msoflioSi, ise saqarTveloSi rTulad

identificirebadi sferoa imdenad, ramdenadac misi warmoeba araformalur doneze

mimdinareobs da masSi tradiciul xelosnobasTan erTad, SeiZleba moiazrebodes sxva

momijnave dargebic. saerTaSoriso doneze tradiciuli rewvis identificirebas da

saerTaSoriso gansazRvrebis SemuSavebas aseve arTulebs is garemoebac, rom yovel

qveyanas axasiaTebs misTvis specifikuri dargis Tu kategoriis ganviTareba.

"tradiciuli rewva" saqarTvelos samarTlebriv sivrceSi ar aris regulirebuli,

Sesabamisad is gancalkevebul regulirebis sivrces ar waarmoadgens. misi zusti

definicia, misi maxasiaTebeli niSnebi, saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobaSi ar moipoveba, rac

TavisTavad sagrZnoblad arTulebs kvlevis arealis gansazRvras. miuxedavad imisa rom

"kulturis Sesaxeb" saqarTvelos kanonSi gvxvdeba "xalxuri rewva da xeloba", rogorc

"kulturis sferos" Semadgeneli nawili, TviT xalxuri rewva ganmartebuli ar aris,

aseve ar aris dafiqsirebuli misi niSnebi Tu sxva maxasiaTeblebi21 22.

gamomdinare iqidan, rom zemoTxsenebuli Canaweris garda saqarTvelos sakanonmdeblo

sivrceSi „tradiciuli rewva“, rogorc xalxuri rewvis sfero dafiqsirebuli ar aris,

da vinaidan "tradiciuli rewva" faqtobrivad deregulirebulia, kvlevis dros

gamoikveTa im sferoebis analizis aucileblobac, romlebic am dargTan yvelaze

mWidro kavSirSia. "tradiciul rewvasTan" Tvisobrivad yvelaze axlos myofi

samarTlebrivi sistema "kulturuli memkvidreobaa" - sivrce, romlis farglebi, niSnebi,

statusi da sxva samarTlebrivi detalebi dadgenilia saqarTvelos kanoniT

"kulturuli memkvidreobis" Sesaxeb. gansakuTrebiT ki misi Semadgeneli

"aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreoba". raTqmaunda "tradiciuli rewvis" sfero ar

Semoifargleba mxolod kulturuli memkvidreobiT da is saqmianobis ufro farTo

speqtrs aerTianebs.

amasTanave detaluri informacia, regulirebis principebi, rogorc tradiciuli rewvis,

aseve aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis Sesaxeb, metwilad saerTaSoriso

aqtebSi da dokumentebSia mocemuli23.

yuradsaRebia, rom am sakiTxTan mimarTebaSi sxvadasxva qveyanas, Tu organizacias

sxvadasxva definiciebi aqvs SemuSavebuli, magaliTad did britaneTSi iseT

organizaciebs, rogoricaa rewvis sabWo, xelovnebis sabWo, erovnuli memkvidreobis

treiningis jgufi da sxva, sakuTari definiciebiT sargebloben, rac maT samizne

jgufebis zust gansazRvraSi exmareba. 24

21 tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva. danarTi 1. tradiciuli rewvis seqtoris iuridiuli bazis kvlevis angariSi. yifiani g. 2013 gv 4. 22 saqarTvelos kanoni kulturi Sesaxeb. muxli 5. https://matsne.gov.ge/index.php?option=com_ldmssearch&view=docView&id=31402&lang=ge 23 tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva. danarTi 1. tradiciuli rewvis seqtoris iuridiuli bazis kvlevis angariSi. yifiani g. 2013 gv 4. 24Crafts Occupation stabdars Board (COSB), Crafts Council, Arts Council, National Heritage Training Group sakutari definiciebi aqvT SemuSavebuli.(Towards a Definition of Heritage Craft Prepared for Creative & Cultur al Skills by Hilary Jennings p.16

http://blueprintfiles.s3.amazonaws.com/1344600067-Towards-a-Definition-of-Heritage-Craft-final-draft.pdf)



20

iuneskos ganmartebiT25 tradiciulad moiazreba produqcia, romelic:

• Seqmnilia rewvis ostatis mier xeliT an meqanikuri saSualebebis gamoyenebiT;

• warmoebulia raodenobaSi SeuzRudavad

• mdgradi resursebis gamoyenebiT

• gamorCeulia esTetiuri, mxatvruli, religiuri da simboluri niSniT

saqarTveloSi aRniSnuli seqtori ZiriTadad moixsenieba, rogorc "xalxuri rewva",

romelic moicavs rewvis tradiciuli dargebis erTobliobas, Tumca maTi

identificirebis umTavres kriteriums maTi “xalxuri” sawyisebi warmoadgens. es, Tavis

mxriv, zRudavs aRniSnuli sferos farglebs da is mxolod “xalxuri” warmoSobis

xelosnobamde dahyavs.

“xalxuri” sawyisebis garda rewvis mniSvnelovan wyaros warmoadgens kulturuli

memkvidreobis materialuri Zeglebi da samuzeumo koleqciebi, maTi formebi da

ornamentuli motivebi. amdenad, winamdebare kvlevisTvis seqtoris aRmniSvnel terminad

SerCeul iqna “tradiciuli rewva”, romelic, “xalxurisgan” gansxvavebiT, zemoxsenebuli

memkvidreobiT inspirirebul mimarTulebebsac moicavs.

aseve unda aRiniSnos, rom “rewvis” sferoSi ZiriTadad moiazreba tradiciuli

teqnologiebi, romlebic Taobidan Taobas gadaecemoda, Tumca teqnologiur

winsvlasTan erTad rewvac viTardeba, rac teqnologiuri siaxleebis Semotanas da

procesis cvlilebas iwvevs.

TavisTavad gasaTvaliswinebelia is faqti, rom rewva “cocxali” dargia, romelic

mudmivad viTardeba, amdenad aRniSnuli seqtoris kvlevaSi misi es Tavisebureba

aucileblad unda iyos asaxuli. did britaneTSi Catarebuli kvlevis angariSSi

“memkvidreoba Cvens xelTaa” aRniSnulia, rom umniSvnelovanesia tradiciuli rewvis

ganviTarebis aRiareba da “memkvidreobasa” da “Zvels” Soris principuli gansxvavebis

danaxva. 26

amavdroulad, tradiciuli teqnologiebis garda, am dargis umniSvnelovanes monapovars

warmoadgens saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi Camoyalibebuli formebi, ferTa Sexameba,

ornamentuli motivebis mTeli arsenali da maTTan dakavSirebuli funqciuri,

mxatvruli Tu simboluri aspeqtebi, rac seqtoris identificirebaSi maT CarTvas

moiTxovs.

tradiciuli rewva

tradiciul rewvaSi moiazreba SemoqmedebiTi an minabaZis Seqmnis procesi, romlis Sedegadac mxolod xeliT an nawilobriv meqanikuri saSualebebiT iqmneba produqcia,

romelic efuZneba rogorc materialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis motivebs, ise

aramaterialur kulturul memkvidreobas da xalxuri rewvis tradiciebs.

tradiciuli rewvis nawarmi

tradiciuli rewvis nawarmSi moiazreba tradiciuli teqnikiT da/an dizainiT

Sesrulebuli produqcia, rac gulisxmobs tradiciul formebs, ornamentul motivebs, romelTa SeqmnaSi xeliT Sromas mniSvnelovani roli ukavia.

25 http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID=35418&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html 26 Towards a Definition of Heritage Craft Prepared for Creative & Cultur al Skills by Hilary Jennings p.15 http://blueprintfiles.s3.amazonaws.com/1344600067-Towards-a-Definition-of-Heritage-Craft-final-draft.pdf)



21

yovelive zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare winamdebare kvlevisTvis Sesaferis terminad

ganisazRvra “tradiciuli rewva”, romlis mTavar kriteriumad tradiciuli

teqnologiis, tradiciuli dizainis (formebi, ferTa Sexameba, ornamentuli motivebi da

a.S.) an erTerTi maTganis aucilebeli arseboba da xelnakeToba (an nawilobriv

xelnakeToba) dadginda.

Sesabamisad, SemuSavebuli definiciis mixedviT tradiciuli rewvis sferodan

gamoiricxa aratradiciuli teqnologiiT Seqmnili Tanamedrove dizainis xelnakeTi

nivTebi da aseve tradiciuli dizainis, magram mxolod meqanikuri saSualebebiT

Seqmnili produqcia (masobrivi warmoebis suvenirebi da sxva). (SeniSvna: amgvari

produqciis gaerTianeba SesaZlebelia “xalxuri rewvis” calke qve-ganxrad,

gansxvavebuli niSnebiT, teqnologiebiTa da maxasiaTeblebiT; aRniSnuli ganxra

winamdebare kvlevis sagans ar warmoadgens)

tradiciuli rewvis gansazRvrebis SemuSavebis Semdgomi safexuri iyo saqarTvelos

teritoriaze gavrcelebuli dargebis/qvedargebis da funqciuri kategoriebis

identificireba. aRsaniSnavia, rom xSirad, teqnologiuri da funqciuri jgufebi erT

kategoriaSia moqceuli. (mag. keramika, yanwi), magram, gamomdinare iqidan, rom erTi

funqciuri kategoriis nawarmi SesaZloa sxvadasxva teqnologiiT iyos Sesrulebuli,

gamoikveTa am ori jgufis – teqnologiuri da funqciuri, gamijvnis aucilebloba, rac

Tavis mxriv, monacemTa meti sizustis winapirobaa. amgvari dayofa safuZvlad daedo

tradiciuli rewvis mwarmoebelTa kiTxvarebs.

cxrili 1 saqarTvelos teritoriaze gavrcelebuli

tradiciuli rewvis teqnologiri jgufebi da qvejgufebi

1. ტექსტილი

1.1 ქსოვა (ჩხირი, ყაისნაღი ა.შ)

1.2 დაზგაზე ქსოვა (ხალიჩა, გობელენი, ფარდაგი)

1.3 თელვა (თექა)

1.4 მოჩითული ქსოვილი

1.5 ნაქარგობა

1.6 კერვა

2. კერამიკა 2.1 ჩარხზე ამოყვანილი

2.2 ჩამოსხმული

2.3 წნეხვა

3. მინა 3.1 მინა

4. მინანქარი 4.1 ჭედური (ღრმული) 4.2 ტიხრული 4.3 ფერწერული 5. ხის დამუშავება

5.1 ხის დამუშავება 6. ტყავის დამუშავება 6.1 ტყავის დამუშავება 7. ქაღალდის დამუშავება 7.1 ქაღალდის დამუშავება 8. ლითონის დამუშავება 8.1 ჭედურობა 8.2 ჩამოსხმა 8.3 საიუველირო საქმე 9. ქვის/ძვლის დამუშავება 9.1 კვეთა 9.2 მოხატული 9.3 გლიპტიკა 10 შერეული 11 სხვა

22

cxrili 2. saqarTvelos teritoriaze gavrcelebuli

tradiciuli rewvis funqciuri jgufebi da qvejgufebi

ავეჯი

რელიგიური დანიშნულების ნაკეთობები

აქსესუარები

დეკორატიული კომპოზიციები

თოჯინა/სათამაშო

იარაღი

ინტერიერის აქსესუარები

კალათა/გოდორი

მუსიკალური საკრავები

სამკაულები

სამოსი

სუვენირები

ჭურჭელი

ხალიჩა/ფარდაგი

სხვა



23

6. qarTuli tradiciuli rewvis mokle istoriuli mimoxilva

evropisa da aziis gzajvaredinze mdebare saqarTvelo uZvelesi droidan gamoirCeoda

tradiciuli rewvis dargebis mravalferovnebiT. saqarTvelos yvela kuTxesa Tu

regions Tavisi istoria, kultura da TviTmyofadi saxe gaaCnia. swored es ganapirobebs

qveynis kulturul mravalferovnebas da mis xibls. tradiciuli rewva da xelsaqme

saqarTvelos regionebis mravalferovnebis ganuyofeli nawilia da am TvalsazrisiT,

yvela kuTxes misTvis damaxasiaTebeli Taviseburebebi gaaCnia. saqarTveloSi yvelaze

gavrcelebul dargebs miekuTvneba liTonis damuSaveba, minanqari, keramika, xeze da

qvaze kveTa, teqstili, romelic moicavs qargvas, qsovas, maT Soris xaliCebisa da

fardagebis qsovas, Telvas, moCiTvas da sxva.

6.1. liTonis damuSaveba

regionSi arsebuli mdidari bunebrivi resursebis wyalobiT saqarTveloSi

metalurgiuli tradicia jer kidev adreuli brinjaos xanidan ganviTarda, kerZod Zv.w.

IV-III aTaswleulSi, rodesac samxreT kavkasiaSi mtkvar-araqsis kultura iyo

gavrcelebuli (Zv w. 3500-2400). ukve am periodis arqeologiuri masala mowmobs liTonis

damuSavebis maRal ostatobas, rac kidev ufro viTardeba Sua brinjaos xanaSi, e.w.

yorRanul kulturaSi. amis dasturia samxreT da aRmosavleT saqarTvelos

teritoriaze martyofisa da bedenis aRmoCenebi, sadac vxvdebiT rogorc iaraRebs, ise

samkauls: beWdebs, yelsabamebs, qinZisTavebs, romlebic umaRlesi ostatobiTaa

Sesrulebuli.

aranakleb mniSvnelovania ior-alaznis mimdebare teritoriebis aRmoCenebi, maT Soris ki

gamorCeulia Zv. w. XXIII_XXII saukuneebis lomis miniaturuli qandakeba, romelic

cvilis dakargvis teqnikiTa da cvaras imitaciiTaa Sesrulebuli. mas MmsoflioSi

analogi ar moepoveba.

liTonis mxatvruli damuSaveba gansakuTrebul simaRleebs ganviTarebul (Zv. w. XX-XVI)

saukuneebSi yorRanul kulturaSi, e.w. TrialeTis kulturaSi aRwevs. Zvirfasi qvebiT

inkrustirebis e.w. poliqromiuli stili, romelic am periodSi dominirebs, naTlad

aisaxa iseT nimuSebze, rogoricaa TrialeTis cnobili yelsabami aqatis gulsakidiT da

TrialeTis oqros Tasi. calke aRniSvnis Rirsia TrialeTis vercxlis Tasi, romelzec

erT-erT pirvel siuJetur kompozicias vxvdebiT.

Zv. w. XIV–VII saukuneSi, romelic gvianbrinjao-adre rkinis xanis saxeliTaa cnobili

dRevandeli dasavleT saqarTvelos teritoriaze yalibdeba kolxeTis samefo, romelic

e.w. kolxuri culebis warmoebiT gamoirCeva. kolxuri culi, romelic gravirebuli

zoomorfuli ornamentiTaa dafaruli safuZvels uyris adgilobriv kavkasiur

“cxovelur stils”, tradicias, romelic SemdgomSi gavrcelebul brinjaos gravirebul

sartylebsa da brinjaos Camosxmul balTebSi hpovebs Tavisebur gagrZelebas.

ganviTarebuli metalurgiuli tradiciebis gamo Zvelma berZnebma erT-erTi qarTveluri

tomi – xalibebi metalurgiis damfuZneblebad miiCnies.

Zv. w. VI-III saukuneebSi mniSvnelovan winsvlas ganicdis kolxuri oqromqandakebloba,

rac Taviseburad aisaxa argonavtebis miTSi oqromravali kolxeTis Sesaxeb.cxvris

tyaviT mdinareSi oqros mopovebis Zvelkolxuri tradicia, dResac SemorCenilia mTian

svaneTSi.



24

kolxuri oqromWedlobis simaRleebze miuTiTebs vanisa da sairxis umdidresi

aRmoCenebi, sadac gansakuTrebiT gavrcelebulia cvaras teqnika, romelic miniaturuli

zomis oqros burTulebis mirCilvas gulisxmobs. yelsabamebi, diademebi, sasafeTqleebi,

Tavsamkauli, sayureebi dResac aocebs mnaxvels Tavisi daxvewili formiTa da

Sesrulebis ostatobiT.

vanis paralelurad oqromWedlobis centri viTardeba aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi Zv. w.

IV saukuneSi. axalgoris ganZi da misi cnobili cxenebiani sasafeTqleebi, romelic am

nimuSebs Soris erT-erTi saukeTesoa.

paralelurad, aRmosavleT saqarTvelos umniSvnelovanesi centri iyo mcxeTa, sadac

Tavis iyris rogorc aRmosavluri, ise antikuri gavlenebi. am periodis mcxeTis

oqromWedlobisTvis gansakuTrebiT damaxasiaTebelia Zvirfasi qvebiT inkrustacia e.w.

tixruli inkrustacia, rasac emateba cvaras da grexilis gamoyenebac. gansakuTrebiT

unda aRiniSnos antikuri samyaros gavleniT gavrcelebuli gliptika: kameisa da

intalios teqnikis popularoba.

Zveli mcxeTis poliqromiuli samkauli, gansakuTrebiT ki tixruli inkrustacia

SemdgomSi Tavisebur gagrZelebas hpovebs Sua saukuneebis xelovnebaSi, romelic Tavis

mxriv, liTonmqandakeblobis nimuSebis saocari simdidriT gamoirCeva.

qristianobis saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadebam garkveulwilad Secvala

liTomqandakeblobis gezi, romelic farTod gamoiyeneboda Weduri xatebis, jvrebis da

sxva religiuri daniSnulebis nivTebis Sesaqmnelad.

erT-erTi uZvelesi nimuSi 886 wliT daTariRebuli zarzmis fericvalebis xatia,

romelic kargad asaxavs qristianuli saxismetyvelebis saxasiaTo sibrtyobriv-

dekoratiuli stils. X saukunis bolodan es stili icvleba SedarebiT moculobiTi da

plastikuri WedurobiT, romelic Tavis mwvervals XI saukuneSi aRwevs. martvilis

jvari, saRolaSenis da Semoqmedis lorfinebi, wm. mamais tondo da mestiis

sakurTxevliswina jvari qarTuli Sua saukuneebis xelovnebis Sedevrebs miekuTvneba.

Tavis mxriv, mestiis jvari svaneTis Weduri skolis nimuSia, romelic gansakuTrebiT

gamoirCeva Tavisi mdidari tradiciebiT, Zlieri plastikuri xaziTa da uSualo, xSirad

xalxuri gamomsaxvelobiT.Sua saukuneebis Weduri xatebi, jvrebi da sxva saeklesio

nivTebi dResac amSvenebs svaneTis araerTY eklesias.

XII saukunidan qarTul oqromWedlobaSi gansakuTrebiT matulobs dekoratiuli sawyisi,

risi saukeTeso magaliTic minanqris muzeumad wodebuli xaxulis karedia, romlis

fonic vazis stilizebuli ornamentiTaa dafaruli. XII saukunis bolos gansakuTrebiT

izrdeba ornamentis roli da is Tavisi mniSvnelobiT figurul gamosaxulebebs

utoldeba. am mxatvruli tendenciis saukeTeso nimuSebs Tamar mefis epoqis cnobili

qarTveli oqromWedlebis beqa da beSqen opizrebis SemoqmedebaSi vxvdebiT.

Tamaris epoqis Semdeg, mudmivi Semosevebis Sedegad qarTuli liTonmqandakeblobis

ganviTareba Seferxda. wina saukuneebis maRalmxatvrul nimuSebTan SedarebiT

sagrZnoblad daeca Sesrulebis xarisxi, Tumca XV-XVIII saukuneebSi qveynis

teritoriaze kvlav arsebobs mniSvnelovani centrebi, dasavleT saqarTveloSi – levan

dadianis saxelosno, xolo aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi e.w. “kaxeTis” skola, romelic

oqroze kveTis Taviseburi teqnikiT gamoirCeva. XIX saukunis oqromWedlebs Soris

gamoirCeva pepu meunargias Semoqmedeba.

qarTuli liTonmqandakeblobis saeklesio mimarTulebis paralelurad, mdidari

metalurgiuli tradiciebi arsebobda xalxur xelovnebaSi. mWedlobis cnobili centri

iyo raWa, romelic jer kidev brinjaos xanidan gamoirCeva Tavisi metalurgiuli

tradiciebiT.



25

qarTvelebi odiTganve cnobili meiaraReebi iyvnen. XVIII-XIX saukuneSi saqarTveloSi,

kerZod TbilisSi, gansakuTrebiT popularuli xdeba e.w bawaraulis teqnikiT

Sesrulebuli civi iaraRi, romelic did mowonebas imsaxurebda mTel kavkasiaSi,

ruseTsa da evropaSi. am periodSive farTo gavrceleba hpova sevadisa da zarniSis

mxatvrulma teqnikam, romelic iaraRis, samkaulis da WurWlis mosarTavad

gamoiyeneboda.

gansakuTrebuli aRniSvnis Rirsia XIX saukunis bolosa da XX saukunis dasawyisis

“Zvel Tbilisuri” vercxlis nawarmi, romelic im periodis Tbilisur hamqrebSi

iqmneboda. vercxlis WurWlis, azarfeSebis, Tasebis, yaryarebis morTulobaSi

xSirad vxvdebiT im periodis kavkasiaSi gavrcelebul stils, sadac mcenareul

ornamentSi figuraluri, xSirad ZvelTbilisuri tipaJebis gamosaxulebebia

CarTuli.

Sua saukuneebis qarTuli Weduri xelovnebis xangrZlivma tradiciam Taviseburi

gagrZeleba hpova sabWoTa periodSi, rodesac Weduri nimuSebis Tematika saeklesios

nacvlad erovnul motivebze Sesrulebuli saero motivebiT Seicvala.

6.2. keramika

saqarTveloSi keramikis warmoeba uZvelesi droidan iwyeba. qarTul keramikas

gansakuTrebiT gamoarCevs Rvinis WurWlis mravalferovneba, rac, Tavis mxriv, mWidro

kavSirSia meRvineobis uZveles tradiciebTan. qvevri, kula, xelada, azarfeSa, doqi,

fiala, sura, marani _ ziarWurWlis nairsaxeoba, romelic, Tavis mxriv, zoomorfuli da

antropomorfuli formebis uCveulo simdidriT xasiaTdeba, WinWila, xelada da

mravali sxva amis naTeli dadasturebaa.

Tixis nakeTobis pirveli nimuSebi jer kidev neoliTis xanis anu Zveli welTaRricxvis

VIII aTaswleuls miekuTvneba. isini ZiriTadad xelnakeTia da susti gamowviTa da

gakrialebiT, vardisferi an ruxi feriT, martivi formebiT, Wdeuli geometriuli

ornamentiTa da naZerwi kopebiT xasiaTdeba. neoliTis xanis msgavsadBmomdevno xanis,

anu eneoliTis keramika (VI-V aTaswleuli) kvlav xelnakeTia, Tumca Cndeba jamebi da

doqebi, yurebiani WurWeli, gvxvdeba reliefuri daklaknili zolebiT gaformebuli,

moxdenili, kargad gakrialebuli nakeTobani.

keramikis warmoeba gansakuTrebiT maRal doneze adis adre brinjaos xanaSi (III

aTaswleuli), rodesac mTel samxreT kavkasiaSi “mtkvar-araqsis” kultura yalibdeba. am

dros Cndeba axali tipis-Sebolili keramika: Carxis gareSe damzadebuli Savi da ruxi

feris nawarmi, romelSic imata formaTa mravalferovnebam. spiralebis, Citebis

gamosaxulebebiT da sxva siuJeturi kompoziciebiT gamdidrda reliefurad naZerwi

dekori.

Sua brinjaos xanis keramika (III aTaswleulis dasasruli II aTaswleulis I naxevari),

romelic did yorRanul samarxebSia mopovebuli, gvaocebs Tavisi maRalmxatvrulobiT

da Sesrulebis daxvewili teqnikiT. didi zomis WurWeli: piTosebi, hidriebi Semkulia

reliefuri dekoriT. calke jgufs qmnis moxatuli keramika, romelzec naxati Tixaze

yavisferiT an muqwiTel fonze Savi feriT keTdeba.

gvian brinjaos xanis keramika (Zv. w. a. XV-VII ss.) ukve morgvze keTdeba. xasiaTdeba Savi

an ruxi feriT da Semkulia geometriuli ornamentiT. istoriul kolxeTSi WurWels

ukeTdeba zoomorfuli yurebi, aRmosavleTSi anu iberiaSi ki damowmebulia formebisa

da zoomorfuli motivebis simravle. aqve II aTaswleulis dasasruls Cndeba moWiquli

keramikac.



26

antikuri xanis keramika _ didi kolxuri piTosebi Semkulia horizontaluri zolebiT

da vertikaluri reliefuri xazebiT. Sebolil keramikaze gvxvdeba brinjaos

nakeTobebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli zoomorfuli gamosaxulebebic. elinisturi periodis

keramika kolxeTSi igive xasiaTisaa, mravlad mzaddeba amforebi. Cndeba berZnuli

keramikuli nawarmis mibaZva. aRmosavleT saqarTvelosTvis damaxasiaTebelia wiTeli

saRebaviT gaformeba da Tixis feris SenarCuneba. aq gavrcelebuli formaa calyura

doqi, zogjer samtuCa piriT. gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia moxatuli, didi zomis

piTosebi, sadac ornamentul zolebs Soris moTavsebulia siuJeturi kompoziciebi _

nadirobis, brZolis scenebiT.

Sua saukuneebis periodis keramika (IV-XVIII ss.) formaTa mravalferovnebiT da moWiquli

keramikis warmoebiT xasiaTdeba. aq xSirad vxvdebiT ornamentul motivebSi CarTul

zoomorful da antropomorful gamosaxulebebs.

Tu IX-X saukunis keramika xan amokawruli, xanac saRebaviT datanili mcenareuli

ornamentiT gaformebuli, mTlianad moWiquli dabali da Rrma jamebiTaa warmodgenili,

XI-XIII saukunis nawarmi formebis mravalferovnebiT (jamebi, xeladebi, sasmisebi,

Wraqebi, samarileebi) mwvane, cisferi an Ria Sindisferi, iSviaTad lurji WiquriT

xasiaTdeba, romelic WurWlis mxolod Sida nawils faravs, gare mxare ki mouWiqavi

rCeba. ornamentuli mravalferovnebiT xasiaTdeba jamebi, sadac vxvdebiT rogorc

amokawruli ornamentiT gaformebul erTi feris WiquriT dafarul jamebs, ise mravali

feriT moWiqul jamebs, romlebzec vxvdebiT jvrebis, geometriul da mcenareul,

zoomorful da antropomorful gamosaxulebebs.

Sua saukuneebSi saqarTvelos teritoriaze ZiriTad keramikul centrebs warmoadgenda

Tbilisi, dmanisi, rusTavi, iyalTo, kaspi, gudarexi. aRniSnul centrebSi warmoebuli

keramika amierkavkasiis da axloaRmosavlur nakeTobebTan iCens siaxloves.

saqarTveloSi monRolTa SemosevebiT gamowveuli wyvetis Semdeg mxolod XVIII

saukuneSi xdeba keramikuli warmoebis aRorZineba. am dros umetesad mzaddeba moxatuli

keramika. XIX saukuneSi da XX saukunis dasawyisSi farTod viTardeba xalxuri

keramika, rogorc mouWiqavi, ise moWiquli. am periodis saqarTveloSi aRiricxeboda

keramikuli warmoebis ormocdaaTamde centri, gansakuTrebiT gamoirCeoda bodbisxevi,

maCxaani, Telavi, vardisubani, ruispiri, ninowminda, kakabeTi, Tbilisi, mcxeTa, gori,

SroSa, dablagomi, sairme, walenjixa, nagomari.

gansakuTrebiT popularuli iyo goris moWiquli keramika, romelic Tavisi

mravalferovnebiT gamoirCeoda: aq mzaddeboda rogorc yviTelWiquriani mwvane

saRebaviT moxatuli keramika, ise moiasamnisfro Wiqurze mwvane ornamentuli saxeebiT

gaformebuli WurWeli.

mouWiqavi keramikis cnobili centrebi aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi iyo Telavi, dasavleT

saqarTveloSi ki – SroSa. TbilisSi muSaobda aTobiT keramikuli qarxana, romelic

WurWels uSvebda. am periodis nakeTobebs axasiaTebda maRalmxatvruli done, daxvewili

forma, dekoris simdidre da Sesrulebis maRali ostatoba.

XIX saukunis keramikuli tradiciebi XX saukunisis dasawyisis CaTvliT gagrZelda.1959

wlidan ki, Tbilisis saxelmwifo samxatvro akademiaSi keramika-minis kaTedrasTan

arsebuli saswavlo-eqsperimentuli saxelosnos daarsebasTan erTad ganviTareba daiwyo

Tanamedrove qarTulma profesiulma keramikis skolam.

XX saukunis manZilze keramikis warmoebis mniSvnelovani centrebi iyo SroSa, iyalTo,

aseve mcxeTa da zugdidi, sadac keramikuli da faifuris qarxnebi funqcionirebda da

araerTi keramikosi iyo dasaqmebuli.



27

6.3. tixruli minanqari

tixruli minanqari Sua saukuneebis qarTuli xelovnebis udidesi monapovaria. minanqris

medalionebi, iqneboda es wmindanTa mcire zomis xatebi, jvrebi Tu ornamentuli

motivebi, ZiriTadad saeklesio nivTebis Sesamkobad gamoiyeneboda.

saqarTveloSi daculi koleqcia, romelic moicavs rogorc qarTul, ise bizantiur

nimuSebs, msoflioSi erT-erTi umdidresia. tixruli minanqris ganviTarebas

saqarTveloSi Tavisi winapirobebi hqonda, rasac mcxeTis arqeologiuri gaTxrebis

Sedegad aRmoCenili tixruli inkrustaciiT gaformebuli nivTebis mravalferovneba

mowmobs. am mxriv gansakuTrebuli aRniSvnis Rirsia ax. w. aR. 170-180 wlebiT

daTariRebuli asfarugis xmlis qarqaSi, romlis Sesrulebis teqnikac Zalze axlos

dgas tixruli minanqris teqnologiasTan.

bizantiaSi tixruli minanqari VI saukunidan Cndeba, magram am droisTvis is mxolod

umniSvnelo ornamentuli motivebis saxiT arsebobs. qarTuli tixruli minanqris

evolucia ki VIII saukunidan iwyeba, ufro adreuli Zeglebi ar mogvepoveba. minanqris

adreuli Zeglebi muqi zurmuxtisferi minanqriT amovsebuli foniT xasiaTdeba, rasac

mogvianebiT oqros foni cvlis. qarTul minanqars bevri ram aqvs saerTo bizantiurTan,

kerZod ki, Sesrulebis teqnika, feradovani gama da ikonografia, magram yovelive amis

miuxedavad maT Soris principuli gansxvavebac arsebobs, rac, upirveles yovlisa,

gansxvavebul xasiaTSia gamoxatuli. bizantiur daxvewil, daxvewil, mkacr saxeebs

upirispirdeba qarTuli sada, zogjer gulubryvilo, Taviseburi eqspresiis mqone

gamosaxulebebi.

gansakuTrebiT unda aRiniSnos XII saukunis xaxulis RvTismSoblis karedi, romelic

sxvadasxva drois (VIII-XII ss.) qarTuli da bizantiuri warmoSobis minanqris 115 detals

Seicavs. misi centraluri, RvTismSoblis xatis xelebi da saxe ki msoflioSi minanqris

yvelaze didi nimuSia. Tavisi masStabiTa da mxatvruli RirebulebiT xaxulis kareds

xSirad veneciis pala d’oros adareben.

XV saukunidan (romeli periodidanac mxolod ori wminda giorgis firfitaa

SemorCenili) qarTuli tixruli minanqari wyvets Tavis arsebobas. misi tradiciebis

aRorZineba ki mxolod XX saukunis bolos moxerxda.

dReisaTvis tixruli minanqris warmoeba farTod aris gavrcelebuli. is moicavs

rogorc tradiciul religiur Tematikas, ise Tanamedrove samkauls da dekoratiul-

gamoyenebiTi xelovnebis nimuSebs.

6.4. xis mxatvruli damuSaveba

xis mxatvrul damuSavebas umniSvnelovanesi adgili uWiravs rogorc qarTul

saeklesio, ise saero xuroTmoZRvrebasa da dekoratiul-gamoyenebiT xelovnebaSi.

saqarTvelo gansakuTrebiT mdidaria Sua saukuneebis xeze kveTis nimuSebiT. X-XI

saukuneebis Cukulis, jaxunderis (svaneTi), laSes-vanis, mRvimevis (imereTi) eklesiebisa

da sxva araerTi taZris karebi brwyinvaled Sesrulebuli CuqurTmiTa da skulpturuli

figurebiTaa Semkuli. maTi stili savsebiT Seesabameba XI saukunis qvis reliefebisa da

Weduri xelovnebis stils, romelic, Tavis mxriv, gamorCeulia Sesrulebis maRali



28

doniT, daxvewili plastikiTa da proporciebiT. xis karebisTvis masalad umetesad

kakals iyenebdnen. garda sakuTriv karebisa, SemorCenilia maTi CarCoebi da kankelebis

xis koWebi (mag. melesi qarTlSi), romlebic aseve Semkulia xeze kveTili CuqurTmiT.

saeklesio xelovnebis paralelurad, xeze kveTa qarTuli xalxuri xelovnebis erT-

erTi yvelaze ganviTarebuli dargi iyo, rasac TvalnaTliv mowmobs glexuri

sacxovrebeli saxlis interieri da xalxuri aveji: savarZlebi, sakarcxulebi, skam-

loginebi, skivrebi, kidobnebi, akvnebi, musikaluri instrumentebi (Congurebi,

salamurebi), WurWeli da sxva. avejis moCuqurTmeba gansakuTrebiT gavrcelebuli iyo

saqarTvelos mTian regionebSi. xalxuri ornamentuli saxeebis arsenali ZiriTadad

geometriul ornaments, astralur simboloebs, stilizebul antropomorful da

zoomorful motivebs moicavs da saerToa rogorc avejis, ise xalxuri

xuroTmoZRvruli dekorisTvis.

xalxur xuroTmoZRvrebaSi, iqneba es qarTluri Tu mesxuri darbazis, imerul-gurul-

megruli odebis, svanuri saxlis _ maCubis Tu sxva regionebis sacxovreblis

interierisa Tu eqsterieris gaformeba, xeze kveTas gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba

eniWeboda. am mxriv gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia darbazis erT-erTi mTavari elementis _

dedaboZis morTuloba, romelic geometriuli ornamentiT, stilizebuli

antropomorfuli gamosaxulebebiT da sxvadasxva astraluri simboloebiT aris

Semkuli. Tavisebur teqnikas vxvdebiT axalcixuri darbazis saukeTeso nimuSebSi, sadac

darbazis kedlebi Semosilia inkrustirebuli xis panelebiT, romelTa rTuli naxatis

saxeebi awyobilia patara samkuTxa, sworkuTxa an rombis formis profilirebuli

firfitebiT.

Tu aRmosavleT saqarTvelos darbazebSi da svanur maCubSi CuqurTma ZiriTadad Sida

sivrceSia gamoyenebuli, dasavleT saqarTvelos odebSi dekoriT umTavresad aivnis

boZebi da Tavxeebi ifareboda. amasTan dasavlur - qarTuli xeze kveTili CuqurTma

ufro nazia da wminda, vidre aRmosavluri. Cveulebrivi samkuTxovani CaWris teqnikis

garda aq did gavrcelebas poulobs mcenareuli motivebis kveTa horizontalur gluv

fonze, rac metad iSviaTia aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi.

oda saxlis saboloo klasikuri saxe XIX saukuneSi (gansakuTrebiT II naxevridan)

SemuSavda. am dros saqarTvelos yvela kuTxeSi saxlis xuroTmoZRvrul gadawyvetaSi

wamyvan adgils Senobis eqsterieri ikavebs. aivani ukve yvelgan iqca saxlis mTavar

elementad, misi gaformeba ki _ ostatis ZiriTad sazrunavad. amis saukeTeso magaliTad

TbilisSi Camoyalibebuli sacxovrebeli saxlis tipi iqca, gadmokidebuli farTo xis

aivniT, romlis formebic SemdgomSi saqarTvelos TiTqmis yvela qalaqSi gavrcelda.

xeze kveTis Zvelma tradiciebma axali pirobebis Sesaferisad icvala saxe: gaCnda aivnis

grexili svetebi da cxovelxatuli svetisTavebi, rTuli Wviruli naxatis TaRebi da

CarCoebi, ficarSi amoWrili moajirebis mravalferovani saxeebi, romlebic, Tavis

mxriv, saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi Camoyalibebuli ornamentuli motivebidanaa nasesxebi.

dReisTvis xeze kveTa farTod gamoiyeneba taZrebis karebebis, analoRiebis, jvrebis da

sxva saeklesio nivTebis Sesamkobad. amavdroulad, sxvadasxva regionSi SemorCenilia

tradiciuli avejisa da interieris aqsesuarebis warmoebis ramdenime centri. am mxriv

gansakuTrebiT gamorCeulia svaneTi, raWa da zemo aWara, sadac xeze kveTa da xalxuri

xuroTmoZRvrebis tradiciebi jer kidev Semonaxulia.

6.5. qvaze kveTa da gliptika



29

naxevradZvirfasi Tu Zvirfasi qvebis damuSaveba saqarTveloSi uZvelesi droidan iwyeba,

gansakuTrebul ganviTarebas ki axali welTaRricxvis I saukunisTvis iberiis

dedaqalaqSi _ mcxeTaSi aRwevs. sakmarisia aRiniSnos mravali portretuli Tu sxva

gamosaxulebiani gemma da kamea mcxeTis (armazisxevis, bagineTis, samTavros) kldeeTisa

da axali welTaRricxvis I-III saukuneTa sxva samarxebidan. am nimuSebs Soris qvaze

faqizad kveTis xelovnebis namdvili Sedevrebic moipoveba. gemebi (amoRrmavebiT nakveTi

gamosaxulebani) da kameebi (reliefurad nakveTni) patiosan Tvlebzea amoWrili da

Semdeg oqros, vercxlis, brinjaosa Tu rkinis sxvadasxva samkaulSia (metwilad

beWdebSi) Casmuli. iberiaSi maTi farTo gavrceleba aq saTanado saxelosnoebis

arsebobis varaudsac warmoSobs. antikuri gliptikis udavo gavlenis paralelurad

SeiniSneboda kavSiri aRmosavlur parTul da mcireaziur gemmebTan. amave periodSi

Cndeba egvipturi gemmebic.

adre Sua saukuneebis dasawyisSi saqarTveloSi ZiriTadad antikuri dasavluri gemebi

gvxvdeba, Semdeg ki wamyvani roli aRmosavlur, sasanur gemmebs eniWeba. yuradRebas

iqcevs adgilobrivi ostatebis namuSevrebic. VII-VIII ss-dan ganviTarebul Sua

saukuneebamde gliptika ZiriTadad gviandeli xanis sasanuri sabeWdavebis mibaZviT

viTardeba. gviani Sua saukuneebis sabuTebSi, zepirsityvierebasa da mwerlobaSi gvxvdeba

terminebi da cnobebi, romlebic exeba sabeWdavebs, maT masalas, formebs, damzadebis

wess. Semonaxulia rogorc sabeWdavebi, ise maTi anabeWdebi. zogierTi maTgani maRali

ostatobis nimuSs warmoadgens (zurmuxtze Wrili anton kaTalikosis sabeWdavi).

gvxvdeba gerbis gamosaxulebiani sabeWdavebi. am mxriv sagangebod aRsaniSnavia

kaTalikos domenti II-is (XVIIs.) sabeWdavi, romlis ostats Zveli religiuri siuJetebi

axleburad, Tavisi epoqis Sesabamisad gadmoucia. XIX saukunis sabeWdavebis udidesi

nawili warweriania, gvxvdeba gerbis gamosaxulebiani sabeWdavebic.

gliptikis paralelurad Sua saukuneebis saqarTveloSi farTod gavrcelda reliefuri

xelovneba, romelic taZrebis fasadebis, kankelebis da stelebis Sesamkobad

gamoiyeneboda. adre Sua saukuneebis elinistur gavlenebs gardamaval xanaSi (VIII-IX

saukuneebSi) cvlis xazobriv-dekoratiuli stili, romelic sibrtyobriobiT,

utrirebuli formebiT da stilizaciis maRali xarisxiT gamoirCeva. X-XI saukuneebi

Sua saukuneebis qarTuli plastikis oqros xanaa. daxvewili formebi da proporciebi,

Sesrulebis maRali ostatoba da ornamentuli motivebis mravalferovneba am periodis

qvaze kveTis nimuSebis Taviseburebas warmoadgens. aRniSnuli tendencia grZeldeba XII-

XIII saukuneebis manZilzec. momdevno periodis qvaze kveTis nimuSebSi aSkaraa

ornamentis sqematizacia,Ggviani Sua saukuneebis reliefebisTvis ki damaxasiaTebeli

xdeba pirobiToba da xalxur sawyisebis win wamoweva.

XIX saukuneSi qvaze kveTis umniSvnelovanes dargad yalibdeba saflavis qvebis morTvis

xelovneba, romelic XIX saukuneSi XX saukunis dasawyisis CaTvliT TiTqmis mTeli

qveynis masStabiT gavrcelda. qvaze kveTili portretebis simravle am periodSi

aRniSnuli dargis gansakuTrebul popularobaze metyvelebs.

dReisaTvis qvaze kveTis xelovneba gamoiyeneba taZris fasadebis, kankelebis

morTulobaSi, gliptika ki popularulia rogorc saeklesio nivTebis, ise

samkaulis warmoebaSi.

6.6. teqstili

saqarTveloSi qsovilis warmoebas uZvelesi droidan misdevdnen. Sesabamisad,

saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi yalibdeboda qsovilis damzadebis da damuSavebis



30

teqnologiuri da mxatvruli xerxebi iqneba es dazgaze Tu Cxirze qsova, Telva, qargva,

qsovilis daCiTva Tu sxva. N

xelsaqmeSi daostateba qalisTvis odiTganve aucilebeli movaleoba iyo. Sesabamisad,

isini bavSvobidanve swavlobdnen matylis, selis, kanafis, abreSumis damuSavebasa da

Rebvas. qsovilebisa da Zafebis SesaRebad bunebrivi saRebavebi gamoiyeneboda, rasac

“tutisRebva” ewodeboda.

Teqis warmoebis kvals saqarTveloSi uZvelesi droidan vxvdebiT. misi ganviTarebis

istoria ZiriTadad mTian regionebs ukavSirdeba (TuSeTi, xevsureTi, fSavi, svaneTi,

zemo raWa, javaxeTi da a.S.). samatyle jiSis cxvari gansakuTrebiT gavrcelebuli iyo

TuSeTSi. amdenad, saukeTeso nawarmad saqarTveloSi TuSuri Teqa miiCneva, romelic

martivi da daxvewili ornamentiT gamoirCeva. moTelili matylisgan ZiriTadad

samoseli da interieris aqsesuarebi mzaddeboda.

mxatvruli xerxebisa da Sesrulebis teqnikis mravalferovnebiT gamoirCeva qarTuli

naqargoba, romelic gamoiyeneboda rogorc saeklesio nivTebis Sesamkobad, ise saero

samosis da sayofacxovrebo nivTebis da aqsesuarebis gasaformeblad.

Sua saukuneebis naqargobis mdidari koleqcia, romelic moicavs liturgiuli

daniSnulebis nivTebs: gardamoxsnebs, samRvdelo pirTa Sesamosels da a.S., ZiriTadad

oqromkediTaa Semkobili. naqargobaze arsebuli saqtitoro warwerebi, eklesia-

monastrebis cxovrebis wesis aRmnusxveli dokumentebi migvaniSnebs, rom saeklesio

daniSnulebis naqargoba eklesia-monastrebsa da didgvarovan ojaxebSi iqmneboda.

Sesabamisad, qarTuli saeklesio naqargobis Cvenamde moRweuli brwyinvale nimuSebi

Sesrulebis maRali ostatobiT da ferTa daxvewili SexamebiT gamoirCeva, rac maT Sua

saukuneebis xelovnebis umniSvnelovanes nimuSebad aqcevs.

naqargobas aranaklebi mniSvneloba eniWeboda sxvadasxva kuTxis samosis gaformebaSi,

iqneba es qalis grZeli, sartyliT da CixtikopiT damSvenebuli klasikuri qarTuli

kaba, Tu mTiani regionebis samosi. am mxriv gansakuTrebiT gamorCeulia xevsuruli

samoseli _ ”talavari”, romelic muqi lurji an Savi Salisgan (toli) ikereboda. qalis

samosi Sedgeboda “sadiacosgan” da zemodan mosasxami “qoqlosgan”, romelic

geometriuli ornamentis rTuli aplikaciiT, jvruli naqargobiT da wvrili mZivis

SemkulobiT iyo morTuli. morTulobisTvis aseve gamoiyeneboda liTonis monetebi,

Zvlis Rilebi, romlebsac sakraluri funqcia hqonda. naqargobiT iyo gaformebuli

mamakacis samosic “samxedrioni”, romelic dafaruli iyo jvrisa da mnaTobTa

simboloebiT. samosis ganuyofeli nawili iyo naqsovi windebi, xSirad “daSibvis”

teqnikiT Sesrulebuli paWiWebi, “TaTebi”, an CiTebi.

saqarTveloSi tradiciuli rewvis mniSvnelovani dargi iyo xaliCebisa da fardagebis

qsova, romelic jer kidev neoliTis xana iRebs saTaves. am mxriv gansakuTrebiT

mniSvnelovania Zv. welTaRricxvis III aTaswleuliT daTariRebuli iltos namosaxlari,

sadac aRmoCnda vertikaluri saqsovi dazgisa da sabeWuris fragmenti. agreTve bedenis

#15 samarxi (Zv. w. XIX s.), sadac saqarTvelos teritoriaze sxvadasxva qsovilis, Teqisa

da fardagis uZvelesi fragmentebi iqna mokvleuli.

saqarTveloSi mexaliCeobis kerebi iyo kaxeTSi, TuSeTSi, xevsureTSi, samxreT

saqarTveloSi (axalcixe) da sxva. gansakuTrebuli aRniSvnis Rirsia xevsuruli da

TuSuri xaliCebisa da fargadebis muqi ferebis TavSekavebuli palitra, romelic

gansxvavdeba mezoblad mdebare baris kaxeTSi Seqmnili namuSevrebis ferTa gamisgan,

romlebSic, Tavis mxriv, aRmosavluri gavlenebi Warbobs.

gansakuTrebiT unda aRiniSnos meabreSumebis tradiciebi, romlis istoriac

saqarTveloSi savaraudod, V saukuneSi iwyeba. abreSumis parki da misi nawarmi

saqarTvelos sparseTis bazarze gahqonda. meabreSumeobis gansakuTrebuli aRmavloba



31

SeiniSneba XIX-XX ss-Si, rodesac qarTuli abreSumis eqsporti qveynisTvis Semosavlis

mniSvnelovani wyaro iyo.

qsovilis mxatvruli gaformebis istoriaSi umniSvnelovanesi adgili uWiravs e.w.

“lurj sufras”, romelic XIX saukuneSi farTod gavrcelda saqarTvelos sxvadasxva

regionSi. `lurji sufra” qsovilis “negatiuri” Rebvis teqnikiT iqmneboda.

qsovilze naxati xis saCiTavi yalibebiT daitaneboda. “lurji sufrisTvis” tipiuri

ornamentuli motivebi da zoomorfuli da antropomorfuli gamosaxulebebi

(irmebi, lomebi, Tevzebi, Citebi da sxva) xSirad uZveles xalxur ornamentis

motivebidanaa nasesxebi. cnobilia, rom “lurji sufra” mxolod sadResaswaulo

SemTxvevebSi iSleboda, rac kidev erTxel miuTiTebs aRniSnul gamosaxulebaTa

sakralur mniSvnelobaze. qsovili gaformebas saqarTveloSi saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi

axasiaTebda ornamentis sisadave da bunebrivi saRebavebiT miRebul ferTa Sexamebis

TavSekavebuli xasiaTi, rac Tavis mxriv, qarTuli xelovnebis zogadi, yvela dargisTvis

saerTo Taviseburebaa.



32

7. tradiciuli rewvis socialuri-ekonomikur mniSvneloba

tradiciuli rewva odiTganve iyo Sinameurneobis ganuyofeli nawili. igi erTi mxriv,

emsaxureboda ojaxis samosiT, samuSao iaraRebiT, saojaxo da sxva nivTebiT

uzrunvelyofas da, amave dros, warmoadgenda aReb-micemobis sagans. savaWro

urTierTobebis ganviTarebasTan erTad xelosnuri nawarmi ara marto adgilobrivi,

aramed saerTaSoriso vaWrobis ZiriTad sagnad iqca. sawarmoebis da industrializaciis

ganviTarebam nel-nela Caanacvla xelosnuri nawarmi, Tumca tradiciuli rewva jer

kidev did rols asrulebda mecxramete saukunis saqarTvelos ekonomikaSi, roca

qveyanaSi warmoebisa da momsaxurebis ZiriTadi tvirTi amqrebsa da maT gaerTianebebze

modioda.

XIX saukunis TbilisSi amqroba umniSvnelovanesi movlena iyo, romelic profesiulTan

erTad socialur struqturasac warmoadgenda. amqars sakuTari ganawesi gaaCnda,

romelTanac mravali wesi, adaTi da Cveuleba iyo dakavSirebuli. xelosnobis

TviToeul dargs sakuTari amqari hyavda. am organizaciaSi Sesvla SeeZlo yvela

adgilobrivad mcxovreb xelosans ganurCevlad wodebisa da erovnebisa. amqars hyavda

Tavisi gamgeoba, romelsac ganagebda ustabaSi (ostatebis Tavi). Yyvela amqars sakuTari

droSa hqonda, romelzec gamoxatuli iyo gerbi, amqris simbolo. ustabaSis arCeva

xdeboda kenWisyriT. amqars gaaCnda sakuTari wesdeba, romliTac mkacrad iyo daculi

kolegialoba. qalaqis mosaxleoba, mdidari Tu Raribi, Tvlida, rom xelobis codna

aucilebeli iyo, swored amitom isini TavianT mcirewlovan Svilebs amqarSi ostats

abarebdnen. Cveulebriv Segirdoba 5-6 wlis ganmavlobaSi grZeldeboda. Semdgomi etapi

qargloba iyo. qargals Segirdisgan gansxvavebiT ufleba hqonda Tavad aerCia ostati. am

etapebis gavlis Semdeg mowafe ostati xdeboda, sakuTari damRis uflebiT. Aamqaris

wesdeba gansazRvravda rogorc ostatisa da Segirdis urTierTobas, ise amqris

wevrebis ojaxebis movla-patronobis wesebsac. 27

XIX saukunis meore naxevridan saqarTveloSi xelosnuri damzadebis gverdiT fexs

ikidebs jer manufaqturuli, xolo Semdeg ki _ qarxnul-fabrikuli warmoebac.

tradiciuli rewvis aRorZinebisa da misi ekonomikuri potencialis waxalisebis

TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovani roli Sesarula kavkasiis kustarulma komitetma, romelic

1899 wels Seiqmna ruseTis imperiis soflis meurneobis saministrosTan. misi mizani iyo

ruseTis imperiis mier kavkasiis masStabiT xalxuri xelosnobisa da xelovnebis

SemorCenili kerebis aRricxva-aRnusxva da kavkasiis, rogorc xelnakeTi nivTebis

eqsportioris, potencialis dadgena. es msoflios sxvadasxva qveyanaSi mimdinare

moZraobebis garkveuli gamoZaxili iyo, romelTa mizani masobrivi produqciis

sapirispirod, xelnakeTi xelovnebis nimuSebis, dekoratiul-gamoyenebiTi xelovnebis

maRalmxatvruli nimuSebis Seqmna da maTi mxardaWera iyo (britanuli xelovnebisa da

xelosonobis moZraobis da ruseTis abramcovos koloniა). komitetis Stab-bina

TbilisSi mdebareobda. organizaciis mizani iyo Seeswavla arsebuli xalxuri

xelovnebis kerebi (gansakuTrebuli aqcenti mexaliCeobaze keTdeboda, radganac

moTxovnileba saerTaSoriso bazarze xelnakeTi Zveli kavkasiuri xaliCebisadmi Zalze

maRali iyo). kavkasiis kustaruli komitetis mier samxreT kavkasiis qveynebis (somxeTi,

saqarTvelo, azerbaijani) teritoriebze sxvadasxva saxelosnoebi daarsda, sadac

tradiciuli xalxuri rewvis dargebis safuZvleze axali nivTebi iqmneboda. kavkasiis

kustarul komitetis laboratoriebs, iseve, rogorc ruseTsa da inglisSi,

profesionali mxatvrebi xelmZRvanelobdnen, romlebic tradiciuli formebiTa da

27ი. griSaSvili, Tbilisis literaturuli bohema, Tbilisi, 1927, gv. 38-52



33

Zveli ornamentuli saxeebis gamoyenebiT, axal nimuSebsa da eskizebs qmnidnen. komitetis

saqmianoba, aseve, iTvaliswinebda tradiciuli, xalxSi SemorCenili dekoratiul-

gamoyenebiTi xelovnebis nimuSebis Segrovebas, rasac TbilisSi kavkasiis kustaruli

komitetis muzeumis daarseba mohyva (dRevandeli dekoratiul-gamoyenebiTi da xalxuri

xelovnebis muzeumi). amave komitetis interesebis sferoSi Sedioda kavkasiaSi iseTi

tradiciuli dargebis aRorZineba rogoricaa, magaliTad, meabreSumeoba. TbilisSi

muStaidis baRSi 1887 wels gaixsna meabreSumeobis sadguri, sadac adgilobriv abreSums

amuSavebdnen. amave adgilas maleve daarsda msoflioSi erT-erTi pirveli unikaluri

abreSumis muzeumi, romlis saeqspozicio karadebi kustaruli komitetis saxelosnoebSi

damzadda. kavkasiis kustaruli komiteti gansakuTrebiT aqtiurad muSaobda

mexaliCeobis aRorZinebis dargSi - mexaliCeobis sxvadasxva xalxur kerebSi

grovdeboda tradiciuli naxatebi da profesionali mxatvrebis (straume da daviT

ciciSvili) mier gadamuSavebuli eskizebiT axali namuSevrebi iqmneboda. orjer

daibeWda kavkasiuri xaliCebis eskizebis feradi albomebi, romlebic rogorc nimuSebi

urigdebodaT xalxur ostatebs sxvadasxva regionebSi. kavkasiis kustaruli komitetis

nawarmi aqtiurad monawileobda msoflios saerTaSoriso gamofenebSi, sadac ramdenime

namuSevarma oqros medali da sapatio diplomebic miiRo (mag. parizis gamofenis didi

oqros medali xaliCa “miri” da aseve didi vercxlis medalic)

1926 wels safuZveli Caeyara da 1930 wels mwyobrSi Cadga Tbilisis maudis fabrika,

romelic 1953 wels gadakeTda Tbilisis maud-kamvolis kombinatad.

XIX saukuneSi da XX saukunis dasawyisSi saqarTveloSi aRiricxeboda keramikuli

warmoebis ormocdaaTamde centri, gansakuTrebiT gamoirCeoda bodbisxevi, maCxaani,

Telavi, vardisubani, ruispiri, ninowminda, kakabeTi, Tbilisi, mcxeTa, gori, SroSa,

dablagomi, sairme, walenjixa, nagomari.

XX saukunis manZilze keramikis warmoebis mniSvnelovani centrebi iyo SroSa, iyalTo,

aseve mcxeTa da zugdidi, sadac keramikuli da faifuris qarxnebi funqcionirebda da

araerTi keramikosi iyo dasaqmebuli.

1980-iani wlebisaTvis msubuqi mrewveloba saqarTvelos ekonomikaSi wamyvan dargs

warmoadgenda. sakmarisia iTqvas, rom igi awarmoebda qveynis saerTo produqciis 58%-

59%-s, xolo am dargSi dasaqmebulTa raodenoba mTeli Sromisunariani mosaxleobis 38-

40%-s Seadgenda. aqedan msubuqi mrewvelobis sawarmoTa mier realizebuli produqciis

Sedegad respublikis biujetis Semosavali 40-45% ifareboda. funqcionirebda iseTi

msxvili, teqnikurad maRal doneze aRWurvili fabrika-qarxnebi, rogoric iyo gorisa da

quTaisis bambeulis kombinatebi, Tbilisis kamvoluri darTvisa da maudis fabrikebi,

tyavis gadamamuSavebeli qarxnebi qalaq Tbilissa da quTaisSi, qalaq Tbilisis

fexsacmlis fabrikebi ,,isani“ da ,,nariyala“, tyavfexsacmlis kombinati q. quTaisSi da

mravali sxva.

sabWoTa periodSi msubuqi mrewveloba saqarTveloSi ZiriTadad Semotanil nedleulze

iyo orientirebuli. sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg Sewyda nedleulis miwodeba, ris

gamoc sawarmoebis umravlesobam Sewyvita funqcionireba. 28

sabWoTa kavSiris periodSi XX saukunis 70-ian wlebSi saqarTvelos respublikis

mrewvelobis saministrosTan Sinameurneobis ganviTarebis mizniT Seiqmna sawarmo

"solani", romelic aerTianebda 4000-ze met binaze momuSave ostats, aseve dargobriv

sawarmoebsa ("cexebs"); hyavda 7000-ze meti dasaqmebuli saqarTvelos teritoriaze.

"solani" awarmoebda mravalferovan produqcias - teqstili, liTonmqandakebloba, xe,

biJuteria, rogorc sxvadasxva gamoyenebiTi funqciuri jgufebis produqcias, aseve

28 q. abaSiZe, msubuqi mrewvelobis roli saqarTvelos turistuli biznesis ganviTarebaSi, disertacia warmodgenilia doqtoris akademiuri xarisxis mosapoveblad, saqarTvelos teqnikuri universiteti, Tbilisi, 2013, gv. 46



34

sasuveniro nawarms. hqonda maRaziebis qseli, eweodnen eqsports ruseTsa da sabWoTa

kavSiris respublikebSi. maTi Tviuri Semosavali iyo daaxloebiT naxevari milioni

maneTi, saidanac 80% "gegmis" saxiT Sedioda biujetSi xolo 20%-iT ifareboda

sakuTari xarjebi. 29

paralelurad ZeglTa dacvis prezidiumTan, 1979 wels Seiqmna xalxuri rewvis da

Sinamrewvelobis kombinati, romlis Seqmnis mizani iyo Tanxebis moZieba Zeglebis

sarestavraciod. kombinati awarmoebda da realizacias ukeTebda sakavSiro masStabiT,

teqstilis (xaliCebi, fardagebi,) xis, metalis da tradiciuli rewvis TiTqmis yvela

teqnikaiT Sesrulebul produqcias. 80-iani wlebis bolos kombinatis wliurma

Semosavalma daaxloebiT 20 milion maneTs miaRwia, romlis 30% xmardeboda Zeglebis

restavracias, rac daaxloebiT wliur 6 milion maneTs Seadgenda. ZeglTa dacvis

kombinatis warmatebuli saqmianobis Sedegad maTi ricxvi gaizarda 5-mde da Tbilisis

garda dafara mTeli saqarTvelo (wyaltubo, quTaisi a.S.).

tradiciuli rewvis produqciis warmatebul warmoebaze mowmobs isic, rom am dros

bevri sazogadoebrivi gaerTianeba, Tavisi Semosavlebis gazrdis mizniT swored

xalxuri rewvis produqciis kombinatebs xsnida. aseTi iyo, mag. Teatralur

sazogadoebasTan arsebuli kombinati, xalxuri rewvis centri, dekoratiul-gamoyenebiT

xelovnebis muzeumi, aseve funqcionirebda SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis socialuri

jgufebis (yrumunjebis, usinaTloTa) saxelosnoebi. 30

29“solanis” generaluri direqtoris zurab ugulavas siRrmiesuli interviu

30 siRrmiseuli interviu ZeglTa dacvis prezidiumis wevrTan da ZeglTa Ddacvis sazogadoebasTan arsebuli samxatvro kombinatis mTavar mxatvar zurab focxiSvilTan.



35

8. tradiciuli rewvis seqtoris arsebuli mdgomareoba saqarTveloSi

8.1. arsebuli organizaciuli struqtura

8.1.1. samTavrobo da arasamTavrobo struqturebi

tradiciuli rewvasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi, Tavisi kulturuli da ekonomikuri

aspeqtebiT sxvadasxva samTavrobo struqturebis saqmianobasTan ikveTeba. maT Soris:

samTavrobo struqtura tradiciul rewvasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi

kulturisa da ZeglTa dacvis saministro.

- xelovnebisa da ganaTlebis

departamenti;

- kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvis

sammarTvelo;

- kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvis

erovnuli saagentos

aramaterialuri kulturuli

memkvidreobis departamenti;

xalxuri rewvis da dekoratiul - gamoyenebiTi xelovnebis programebi

aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis dacva;

tradiciuli rewvis ostatebisaTvis statusis miniWeba da waxalisebis strategiebis SemuSaveba.

ekonomikisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis saministro

ekonomikuri waxalisebis strategiaSi tradiciuli rewvis dargis integracia

ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministro saganmanaTleblo (saskolo, umaRlesi da profesiuli) programebSi tradiciuli rewvis integracia.

garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministro

nedleulis mopovebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi.

sportisa da axalgazrdobis saqmeTa saministro

axalgazrdobis dasaqmebaze orientirebuli iniciativebSi rewvis integracia.

regionuli ganviTarebisa da infrastruqturis saministro

tradiciuli rewvis, rogorc regionaluri ganviTarebis resursis adgilobrivi ganviTarebis strategiebSi integracia da misi Semdgomi ganxorcieleba.

finansTa saministro

rewvis sferosTan dakavSirebuli sagadasaxado sakiTxebi

saqarTvelos sagareo saqmeTa saministro saerTaSoriso doneze qveynis kulturis brendingis strategiaSi tradiciuli rewvis komponentis CarTva

turizmis erovnuli administracia

tradiciuli rewvis, turistuli potencialis amaRleba, turistul marSrutebSi rewvis Temis CarTva.

energetikis saministro da licenzirebis saagento

masalis/nedleulis mopovebasTan da licenziasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi



36

8.1.2. samTavrobo da arasamTavrobo iniciativebi

ukanaskneli aTwleulis ganmavlobaSi tradiciuli rewvis sferoSi araerTi samTavrobo

da arasamTavrobo iniciativa ganxorcielda.

kerZod, mniSvnelovani proeqti iyo kulturis da ZeglTa dacvis saministros mier 2012

wels strasburgis saSobao bazrobaze saqarTvelos xalxuri rewvis produqciis

statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri “saqstati”

tradiciuli rewvis monacemTa Segroveba

kulturis sferosTan dakavSirebuli statistikis warmoeba

saqarTvelos inteleqtualuri sakuTrebis erovnuli centri “saqpatenti”

tradiciuli rewvis produqciis saavtoro uflebebis dacvis sakiTxebi regulireba

saqarTvelos savaWro samrewvelo palata

rewvis, rogorc dasaqmebisa da ekonomikuri ganviTarebis stimulatoris mxardaWera, eqsporti

saqarTvelos parlamentis komitetebi: ganaTlebis mecnierebis da kulturis komiteti

tradiciul rewvasTan dakavSirebuli sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebis inicireba.

Tbilisis meria tradiciul rewvis qalaqis ganviTarebis gegmaSi integracia

adgilobrivi mTavrobebi adgilobrivi kulturuli resursebis mobilizeba, ganviTarebis strategiebSi integracia da maTi Semdgomi ganxorcieleba

saqarTvelos sapatriarqo tradiciuli rewvis popularizacia da samrevlo skolebSi danergva

umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebi, Tbilisis saxelmwifo samxatvro akademia

saganmanaTleblo procesSi aramateriualuri kulturuli memkvidreobis da xalxuri rewvis integracia

saqarTvelos folkloris saxelmwifo centri

tradiciuli rewvis resursebis kvleva da ganviTareba

muzeumebi da samecniero institutebi:

- xalxuri da gamoyenebiTi

xelovnebis muzeumi

- saqarTvelos erovnuli muzeumi

- mxareTmcodneobis muzeumebi

- g. CubinaSvilis saxelobis qarTuli

xelovnebis istoriisa da ZeglTa

dacvis kvlevis erovnuli centri

tradiciuli rewvis resursebis kvleva, samuzeumo koleqciebis interpretaciasa da saganmanaTleblo programebSi integracia



37

wardgena. amasTanave, kulturis saministrom gamosca katalogis “suvenirebi

saqarTvelodan” ori tomi da sxvadasxva saerTaSoriso festivalebze waradgina

tradiciuli rewvis produqcia.

q. Tbilisis meriis ekonomikuri samsaxuris da turizmis erovnuli administraciis mier

organizebul yovelwliur turistul bazrobebze, gansakuTrebuli adgili eTmoboda

xalxuri rewvis ostatebis produqciis wardgenas saqarTvelos yvela regionidan. aseve

xalxuri rewvis ostatebi monawilebdnen adgilobrivi municipalitetebis mier

organizebul festivalebSi.

tradiciul rewvas mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravs “folkloris saxelmwifo centris”

moRvaweobaSi. centri 1936 wlidan funqcionirebs rogorc xalxuri Semoqmedebis

kabineti, xalxuri Semoqmedebis saxli (1937-1980 wlebi), xalxuri Semoqmedebisa da

kulturul-saganmanaTleblo muSaobis respublikuri samecniero-meToduri centri (1980-

2004 wlebi), xolo 2005 wlidan rogorc folkloris saxelmwifo centri, axorcielebs

sxavadsxva proeqtsa da organizebas ukeTebs gamofenebs;

2011 wlidan Tbilisis saxelmwifo samxatvro akademiis bazaze gaixsna saxelosno

„lurji sufra“, romelic mimarTulia lurji sufris warmoebis aRorZinebaze;

saqarTvelos erovnuli muzeumis giorgi Citaias saxelobis eTnografiuli muzeumi

atarebs xalxuri rewvis saganmanaTleblo programebs da sazafxulo skolebs.

paralelurad, ukanaskneli ori aTwleulis ganmavlobaSi dargis ganviTarebaSi

aqtiurad aris CarTuli arasamTavrobo da kerZo seqtori. maT Soris aaip. xelovnebis

saerTaSoriso centri ganaxorcielebs xalxuri rewvis ganviTarebaze da adgilobriv

da saerTaSoriso marketingze mimarTul mraval programas. programa faravs rogorc

saganmanaTleblo, aseve sagamofeno da marketingze mimarTul aqtivobebs.

gamoirCeva festivali „art geni“, romelic 2003 wlidan yovelwliurad imarTeba.

Ffestivali xalxuri xelovnebis, maT Soris tradiciuli rewvis ostatebis

popularizacias eweva. 2006 wels artgenis jgufi mier gamoica katalogi “saqarTvelos

xalxuri rewvis ostatebi”.

aRsaniSnavia “teqstilis jgufis” iniciativebi, romelic wlebis manZilze muSaobda

teqstilis ganviTarebaze TuSeTis, kaxeTisa da samcxe javaxeTis teritoriaze. M

“teqstilis jgufis” iniciativiT teqstilis nawarmi araerxel warsdga santa fes

xalxuri xelovnebis gamofena-gayidvaze.

amasTanave, am periodis ganmavlobaSi saerTaSoriso organizaciebis mxridan gamoikveTa

interesis zrda dargSi momuSave mcire Temebis, adgilobrivi arasamTavrobo

organizaciebis, Tu sxva kerZo iniciativebis xelSewyobis da dafinansebis mxriv. aseve

tradiciuli rewvis seqtori moiazreba „socialuri sawarmos“ Seqmnis da

funqcionirebis aspeqtSic, romlebic faraven sxvadasxva socialur jgufebs, maT Soris

SezRuduli unaris mqone adamianebis aqtiobebsac.

8.2. iuridiuli baza

8.2.1. sferos identificirebis sakiTxebi31

saqarTvelos samarTlebriv sivrceSi arsebuli ZiriTadi sakanonmdeblo aqti

kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvis kuTxiT aris saqarTvelos kanoni "kulturuli

31 tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva. danarTi 1. tradiciuli rewvis seqtoris iuridiuli bazis kvlevis angariSi. yifiani g. gv 2. 2013



38

memkvidreobis Sesaxeb". uSualod tradiciuli rewvis sferosTan dakavSirebuli

teqnikuri sakiTxebi, iuridiuli regulaciebi da meqanizmebi, (rac konvenciebSi

deklarirebuli miznebis misaRwevad unda Seiqmnas), swored am kanonSi unda iyos

detalurad gawerili.

Tumca, kanonSi ar aris dafiqsirebuli, ganmartebuli an regulirebuli „tradiciuli

rewva“, „kulturuli industria“. am sakanonmdeblo vakuumis miuxedavad, yuradReba unda

gamaxvildes "aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis" mimarTulebiT dawesebul

regulaciebze. am kanoniTac dadgenilia "aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis"

legaluri definicia:

saqarTvelos kanoni "kulturuli memkvidreobis Sesaxeb",

muxli 3, "l" qvepunqti;

aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreoba – zepirsityvierebis tradiciebi da gamoxatvis formebi, enis, rogorc materialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis matareblis, CaTvliT, saSemsruleblo xelovneba, adaTwesebi, Cveulebebi, tradiciul xelovnebasTan dakavSirebuli codna da unar-Cvevebi, aseve maTTan dakavSirebuli instrumentebi, sagnebi, artefaqtebi da kulturuli sivrceebi, romlebic sazogadoebis, jgufebisa da, zogierT SemTxvevaSi, calkeuli pirebis mier aRiarebulia maTi kulturuli memkvidreobis nawilad;

kanonis Sesabamisad, aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis identifikaciaze,

dokumentur (audio-video, werilobiT) fiqsaciaze, Senaxvasa da dacvaze pasuxismgebel

saxelmwifo organod gansazRvrulia saqarTvelos kulturisa da ZeglTa dacvis

saministro. aseve gansazRvrulia, rom "aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis

obieqtebis aRricxvisa da identifikaciis mizniT iqmneba aramaterialuri kulturuli

memkvidreobis obieqtTa sia da saxelmwifo reestri".

dReisaTvis aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis Sesaxeb regulaciebi mxolod

"kulturuli memkvidreobis Sesaxeb" saqarTvelos kanonSi arsebuli am zogadi

CanaweriT Semoifargleba, rac realurad ver aregulirebs aRniSnul sferos.

materialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis mimarT, kanonSi sakmaod dawvrilebiT da

detalurad aris gawerili sxvadasxva iuridiuli meqanizmi, procedura, samarTlebrivi

reJimi, maTTan dakavSirebuli iuridiuli Sedegi, kulturuli memkvidreobis

gamoyenebisa Tu dacvis pirobebi da pasuxismgebloba misi xelyofis SemTxvevaSi. es

samarTlebrivi sistema, xSir SemTxvevaSi arasruli da arasrulyofilia, xSirad

saWiroebs dakonkretebas, detalizacias Tu ganmartebebs, magram xarvezebis miuxedavad

mainc qmnis regulirebis erTian sivrces. aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreoba

sakanonmdeblo doneze sruliad ignorirebulia da praqtikulad regulaciis gareSea

darCenili.

materialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis urTierTqmedeba "tradiciul rewvasTan",

Tundac memkvidreobis calkeuli obieqtebis aslebis damzadebis sakiTxebi da a.S.

kanonSi gansazRvruli ar aris.

2012 saqarTvelos kulturisa da ZeglTa dacvis ministris wlis 24 ianvris #3/28

brZaneba "aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis obieqtTa siisa da reestris

formis damtkicebis Taobaze" - aRniSnuli kanonqvemdebare normatiuli aqti

gansazRvravs aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobisaTvis statusis miniWebis,

kategoriis gansazRvris, misi reestrizaciis wesebs. am dokumentiT damtkicebulia yvela



39

aucilebeli saregistracio Tu reestris forma, kerZod: "aramaterialuri kulturuli

memkvidreobis obieqtTa siis forma", "aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis

ZeglTa saxelmwifo reestris forma", "aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis

obieqtis/Zeglis saaRricxvo baraTi", „aramaterialuri Zeglis saaRricxvo

dokumentaciis formebi". brZanebiT aseve gansazRvrulia am dokumentaciis Sevsebis wesi,

mocemulia calkeul obieqtTa pasportizaciisaTvis aucilebeli savaldebulo grafebi

da aRweriloba, gawerilia am procesTan dakavSirebuli yvela sxva procedura.

damatebiT dadgenilia, rom reestrs awarmoebs saqarTvelos kulturisa da ZeglTa

dacvis saministro, xolo aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis obieqts Zeglis

statuss aniWebs saqarTvelos kulturisa da ZeglTa dacvis ministri.

debulebiT aseve gansazRvrulia, rom "aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis

Zeglebze vrceldeba kulturuli memkvidreobis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanoniT

ZeglisaTvis dadgenili reJimi", Tumca raime saxis reJims, procedurebs Tu

samarTlebriv meqanizmebs aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis mimarT

"kulturuli memkvidreobis Sesaxeb" kanoni saerTod ar adgens.

aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis reestrizaciis wesi faqtobrivad

"kulturuli memkvidreobis ZeglTa reestris" procedurebis dublirebas axdens da

raime mniSvnelovani TaviseburebiT ar gamoirCeva. es wesic, iseve rogorc ZiriTadi

kanoni, saerTod ar iTvaliswinebs aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobisaTvis

damaxasiaTebel specifikas, mis Taviseburebas, rac sabolood masac siRrmiseulad

gauazrebeli da naCqarevad, erTi lokaluri amocanis gadawyvetis mizniT Seqmnili

wesis saxes aZlevs.

8.2.2. saqarTvelos kanoni muzeumebis Sesaxeb32

kanoni aregulirebs saxelmwifo muzeumebis sferos, "am kanonis ZiriTadi miznebia

saqarTvelos samuzeumo saqmianobis samarTlebrivi urTierTobis mowesrigeba da

saqarTvelos samuzeumo fondis dacva" (muxli 2, punqti 1), magram vinaidan tradiciuli

rewvis ZiriTad damaxasiaTebel niSans misi swored kulturul memkvidreobaze

dafuZneba warmoadgens, es kanoni da samuzeumo sfero sakmaod mniSvnelovan gavlenas

axdens tradiciuli rewvis dargebze.

unda aRiniSnos, rom muzeumebis kanoni moZvelebulia da SeusabamobaSia saqarTvelos

kanonTan "kulturuli memkvidreobis Sesaxeb", samarTlebrivi teqnikis TvalsazrisiTac

sasurvelia misi sruli gadamuSaveba, gamarTva, sakanonmdeblo sivrcesTan

SesabamisobaSi moyvana, rac sabolood misi axali redaqciiT SemuSavebas gulisxmobs.

kanonis erT-erTi xarvezia masSi mocemuli regulaciebis bundovaneba da gaurkvevloba,

rac SemdgomSi maTi araerT mniSvnelovani ganmartebis saSualebas iZleva da mraval

garTulebas iwvevs.

8.2.3. saqarTvelos kanoni saqarTvelodan kulturul faseulobaTa gatanisa da

saqarTveloSi Semotanis Sesaxeb

iuridiuli TvalsazrisT arasrulyofilia saqarTvelodan kulturul faseulobaTa

gatanisa da saqarTveloSi Semotanis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonic, romelSi arsebuli

Canaweris Sesabamisad, sabaJo organoebi valdebulni arian moiTxovon "kulturuli

faseulobis saqarTvelodan gatanis nebarTva" eTnografiul masalis gatanis SemTxvevSi,

32 tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva. danarTi 1. tradiciuli rewvis seqtoris iuridiuli bazis kvlevis angariSi. yifiani g. gv 2. 2013



40

rac sruliad bundovania, radgan misi definicia saqarTvelos samarTlebriv sivrceSi

ar arsebobs. Tumca aqvs gansazRvrulia, rom "kanonis moqmedeba ar vrceldeba

Tanamedrove suveniruli xasiaTis nakeTobaze, agreTve seriuli da masobrivi warmoebis

kulturuli daniSnulebis nivTze", rac aseve Zalze pirobiTi gansazRvrebaa da

subieqtur Sefasebebs efuZneba. 33

8.2.4. sferoSi samewarmeo saqmianobis samarTlebrivi formebi da dabegvris rejimebi,

rogorc dafinansebis moZiebis wyaro

rewvis seqtorSi arsebuli iuridiuli saxis problemebs Soris unda aRiniSnos

samewrameo statusebTan dakavSirebuli problemebi. "mewarmeTa Sesaxeb saqarTvelos

kanonis” Sesabamisad, nebismieri samewarmeo saqmianoba saTanado wesiT unda iqnes

registrirebuli. 34 Tumca amave kanonSi gansazRvrulia gamonaklisebi, romlis

mixedviTac samewarmeo saqmianobad ar iTvleba fizikuri pirebis saxelovnebo,

samecniero, samedicino, arqiteqturuli, saadvokato an sanotaro, saaudito,

sakonsultacio (maT Soris, sagadasaxado konsultantTa), sasoflo-sameurneo an satyeo-

sameurneo saqmianoba; 35am Canaweris Sesabamisad, "saxelovnebo" saqmianoba, anu nebismieri

SemoqmedebiTi saqmianoba, romlis Sedegadac iqmneba calkeuli namuSevari ar

warmoadgens samewarmeo saqmianobas da Sesabamisad ar saWiroebs mis registracias,

sagadasaxado aRricxvaze ayvanas, buRalteriis, dokumentbrunvis mowesrigebas da

salaro aparats 36.

Tumca dReisaTvis am punqtiT gaTvaliswinebul CamonaTvalSi tardiciuli rewva ar

moiazreba. moqmedi sagadasaxado kodeqsis Sesabamisad tradiciuli rewvis rogorc

ekonomikuri saqmianobis warmarTvis samarTlebrivi formebi ar gansxvavdeba sxva

saqmianobebisgan. kerZod iuridiuli pirebisTvis es aris: SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis

sazogadoeba – Sps; solidaruli pasuxismgeblobis sazogadoeba – sps; komandituri

sazogadoeba – ks; saaqcio sazogadoeba – ss; kooperativi. tradiciuli rewvis

integracia aseve SesaZlebelia arasamewarmeo iuridiuli pirebis saqmianobaSic, Tuki

igi “... atarebs damxmare xasiaTs da emsaxureba saerTo mizans, ar cvlis arakomerciuli

iuridiuli piris xasiaTs. aseTi saqmianobis Sedegad miRebuli mogebis ganawileba

kavSiris wevrebsa da fondis Semomwirvelebs Soris dauSvebelia”37.

fizikuri pirebis SemTxvevaSi registracia xdeba rogorc: individualuri mewarme da

gadasaxadis gadamxdeli fizikuri piri. rogorc sawarmoebi aseve fizikuri pirebi

Cveulebrivi dabegvris reJimebiT sargebloben.. amTaviTve unda iTqvas, rom 2011 wels

amoqmedebul saqarTvelos sagadasaxado kodeqsSi minimumamdea dayvanili gamonaklisi

sagadasaxado reJimebi 38 . Tumca arsebobs ori biznes statusi, romelic garkveuli

SeRavaTebiT sargeblobs kerZod:

1. saSemosavlo gadasaxadisgan Tavisufldeba mikrobiznesis statusis mqone

fizikuri piri. statusis miniWeba xdeba individze, romelic ar qiraobs damatebiT

muSaxels da romlis wliuri agregirebuli Semosavali 30.000 lars ar aRemateba. garda

amisa, Tu individi dakavebulia romelime CamoTvlilTagani saqmianobiT (puloverebisa

da analogiuri nawarmis warmoeba; zeda tansacmlis warmoeba, garda modelebis

33 კულტურულ ფასეულობათა საქართველოდან გატანისა და საქართველოში შემოტანის შესახებ საქართველოს კანონი, მუხლი 4. 34 “სამეწარმეო საქმიანობად მიიჩნევა მართლზომიერი და არაერთჯერადი საქმიანობა, რომელიც ხორციელდება მოგების მიზნით, დამოუკიდებლად და ორგანიზებულად."მეწარმეთა შესახებ" საქართველოს კანონი, მუხლი 1, პუნქტი 2 35 "მეწარმეთა შესახებ" საქართველოს კანონი, მუხლი 1, პუნქტი 3 36 tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva. danarTi 1. tradiciuli rewvis seqtoris iuridiuli bazis kvlevis angariSi. yifiani g. gv 2. 2013 37 საქართველოს სამოქალაქო კოდექსი. მუხლი 30 38 tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva. danarTi 3. tradiciuli rewvis seqtoris ekonmikuri kvlevis angariSi. ekonomikuri politikis kvlevis centri 2013



41

demonstrirebisa da Cvenebisa; sacvlebis warmoeba; Tavsaburavebis warmoeba; danarCeni

tansacmlisa da aqsesuarebis warmoeba; xis sxvadasxva nawarmis warmoeba; tansacmlisa

da Tavsaburavebis xis sakidebis warmoeba; xis saojaxo nivTebisa da samzareulos

sakuTnoebis warmoeba; faifurisa da qaSanuris sameurneo-sayofacxovrebo nakeTobebis

warmoeba; sameurneo-sayofacxovrebo WurWlisa da inventaris warmoeba; musikaluri

instrumentebis warmoeba; akordeonebisa da analogiuri sakravebis, maT Soris, tuCis

garmonikebis warmoeba; sasule musikaluri instrumentebis warmoeba; cocxebisa da

jagrisebis warmoeba; ...; fexsacmlisa da tyavis nawarmis remonti; ...) igi dawesebuli

30.000 laris zeda zRvarisganac Tavisufldeba 39 . Tumca am SemTxvevaSi statusis

mflobeli Tavad unda axorcielebdes saqonlis sacalod miwodebas saboloo

momxmareblisTvis. Sesabamisad zeda zRvarisgan gaTavisufleba Seexeba mxolod im

ostatebs, romlebic ar TanamSromloben maRaziebTan, salonebTan Tu sxva saxis

SuamavlebTan. am statusis mflobelTa urTierToba gayidvis Suamaval rgolebTan aseve

garTulebulia im garemoebiT, rom es ukanasknelni ver qviTaven mikromewarmeze gacemul

Tanxebs saerTo Semosavlidan, rac zrdis maTTvis mogebis gadasaxads.

საქართველოს საგადასახადო კოდექსი მუხლი 106. ხარჯები, რომელიც არ გამოიქვითება ერთობლივი შემოსავლიდან არ გამოიქვითება: ვ) მიკრო ბიზნესის სტატუსის მქონე ფიზიკური პირისგან შეძენილ საქონელზე/ მომსახურებაზე გაწეული ხარჯი

am statusis mqone pirebi ganTavisuflebulni arian sakontrolo-salaro aparatis qonis

valdebulebisgan, da evalebaT mxolod yovelwliuri sagadasaxado deklaraciis

wardgena40.

2. SeRavaTani ganakveTiT, kerZod brunvis 5 procentiT, an, calkeul SemTxvevebSi,

brunvis 3 procentiT ibegreba mcire biznesis statusis mqone mewarmeebi. aRniSnuli

statusi vrceldeba im mewarme fizikur pirebze, romelTa wliuri Semosavali 100.000

lars, xolo sasaqonlo-materialuri maragebis naSTi ki 150 000-s ar aRemateba;

sakanonmdeblo doneze kulturuli memkvidreobis sferosTvis specializirebuli

faqtiurad erTaderTi SeRavaTi Seexeba dRg-gan gaTavisuflebas CaTvlis uflebis

gareSe, romelic sxva SemTxvevebis garda vrceldeba aseve “piris mier saqarTvelos

kulturisa da ZeglTa dacvis saministrosTan SeTanxmebiT msoflio memkvidreobis

nusxaSi Setanili, erovnuli mniSvnelobis kategoriis an/da sakulto-religiuri

daniSnulebis kulturuli memkvidreobis Zeglebis sarestavracio, sareabilitacio,

saproeqto da kvleviTi samuSaoebis Sesrulebaze;” 41 Tumca aRniSnuli SeRavaTi

praqtikaSi ZiriTadad materialuri memkvidreobis Zeglebis SemTxvevaSi gamoiyeneba da

faqtiurad ar moqmedebs aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis SemTxvevaSi.

sasurveli iqneboda aRniSnuli CamonaTvalis koreqtireba am muxlis aramaterialuri

memkvidreobis Zeglebze gavrcobobis mizniT. Tumca amisaTvis pirvel rigSi

aucilebelia aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis reestriTan dakavSirebuli

problemebis mogvareba.

Sesabamisad tradiciuli rewva, iseve rogorc kulturuli industriebis sxva dargebi,

samewarmeo saqmianobis TvalsazrisiT saqarTveloSi sxva dargebTan gaTanabrebul

mdgomareobaSia da ar sargeblobs raime SeRavaTebiT. aRniSnuli mdgomareoba xels

uSlis maT ekonomikurad momgebian saqmianobad ganviTarebas, vinaidan specifikidan

gamomdinare zogadad kulturuli industriebis dargebisTvis dafinansebis moZieba

39 მთავრობის დადგენილება #415, 2010 წლის 29 დეკემბერი 40 საქართველოს საგადასახადო კოდექსო, მუხლი 84. 41 საქართველოს საგადასახადო კოდექსი, მუხლი 168



42

gacilebiT rTulia, vidre sxva, ekonomikis “tradiciuli dargisTvis” ara marto

saqarTveloSi, aramed dasavleTSic. amgvari realobis mizezebi ganpirobebulia

sferoSi moRvawve mcire da saSualo mewarmeobisTvis damaxisiaTebeli niSnebiT,

romlTa gamoc isini “maRali riskis” sawarmoebad miiCnevia. 42 am niSnebis umetesoba

qarTuli tradiciuli rewvis sawarmoebisTvisac damaxasiaTeblia. kerZod:

- warmoebis umetesobis mTavari motivacia damfuZneblisTvis gamoxatvis saSualebaa,

xolo Semosavali da mogeba rogorc wesi meoradia;

- SedarebiT mcire komerciuli ambiciebi da komerciuli zrdis Soreuli xedvis

nakleboba; am biznesebis umetesobas proeqtis xasiaTi aqvs, rac zRudavs

“korporatiuli xedvis” Camoyalibebas;

- sawarmoebi efuZnebian individual niWs, rac arTulebs mcire sawarmodan saSualo an

did sawarmod gardaqmnas;

- finansuri operatorebi sirTuleebs awydebian iseTi biznes aqtivebis SefasebaSi

rogoricaa saavtoro uflebebi, licenziebi, aseve naklebi yuradReba eqceva iseT

aramaterialur aqtivebs rogoricaa SemoqmedebiToba, inovacia, niWi, originaloba,

romlebic SemoqmedebiTi industriebis ZiriTad aqtivebs warmoadgens;

- SemoqmedebiTi industriis produqciaze moTxovnis gansazRvris sirTule

- saxelmwifo dafinansebis didi mniSvneloba seqtoris stabilurobisTvis

arsebul situaciaSi evropis ZiriTad qveynebSi SemoqmedebiTi industriebis dafinasebis

wyaroebis sqema warmodgenilia grafikze 27. 43 . aRniSnuli dafinansebis wyaroebis

umetesoba saqarTveloSi, sxvadasxva mizezis gamo, tradiculi rewvis biznesisTvis,

iseve rogorc mTlianad kulturuli industriebisTvis dReisaTvis xelmiuwvdomelia.

evropis sxvadasxva qveyanaSi SemuSavebulia kulturis arapirdapiri mxardaWeris, anu

sagadasaxado SeRavaTebis saSualebiT kulturis sferoSi damatebiTi Tanxebis moZiebis

gansxvavebuli sistemebi, Tumca arsebobs kulturis sferoSi Semowirulobebis da

sponsorobisTvis sagadasaxado SezRudvebis dawesebis zogadi tendencia. bolo

periodSi am tendenciiT dainteresdnen safrangeTi da italiac, qveynebi romlebSic es

RonisZiebebi arasdros TanaSobda mniSvnelovan rols 44 . saqarTveloSi aRniSnuli

meqanizmebi dReisaTvis ar moqmedebs, vinaidan sakanonmdeblo bazaSi ar aris

gaTvaliswinebuli kulturis dafinansebisTvis dabegvris gansakuTrebuli reJimebi, jer

kidev damtkicebis procesSia kanoni qvelmoqmedebis Sesaxeb. Sesabamisad sferoSi

sponsorobis motivacia mxolod kerZo kompaniebis socialuri pasuxismgeblobiT da

marketinguli miznebiT aris ganpirobebuli.

grafiki 1

42 KEA, Promoting Investment in the Cultural and Creative Sector: Financing Needs, Trends and Opportunities. 2010. p. 18-19

43 KEA, Promoting Investment in the Cultural and Creative Sector: Financing Needs, Trends and Opportunities. 2010. p. 29 44 European parliameny, Finanansing the Arts and Culture in the EU, Brussels, 2006

kulturuli da SemoqmedebiTi

seqtorebis dafinansebis wyaroebi

saxelmwifo

mxardaWera

garantiebi

grantebi

sakredito

finansireba

saaqcio

dafinanseba

wilebi,

aqciebi

sxva

sponsoroba

sesxebi

mikro-

kreditebi

biznes

mfarvelebi



43

arapirdapiri mxardaWera

tradiciuli rewvis sferos warmomadgenlebisTvis rTulia aseve kreditebis moZiebac.

erTi mxriv, rogorc aRiniSna, sfero ar aRiqmeba sakredito institutebis mier

stabilur momgebian warmoebad, meore mxriv ki ar arsebobs garantiebis gacemis

saxelmwifo programebi, romelic mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs evropis sxvadasxva

qveynebSi. am mxriv, saintereso iniciativa iyo socialuri mewarmeobisTvis Tbilisi

meriis proeqtiT SeRavaTiani kreditebis gacemis programa. Tumca, rogorc wesi,

kulturis warmomadgenlebs uWirT seqtoraTaSorisi sqemebis gamoyeneba, rac erTi mxriv

maTSi msgavsi sqemebis Sesaxeb informirebulobis amaRlebas da meore mxriv,

specialuri sqemebis SemuSavebas moiTxovs.

kulturis saxelmwifo dafinansebaSi saqarTveloSi SedarebiT mniSvnelovan rols

TamaSobs grantebi, romelTa ZiriTadi gamcemia kulturis da ZeglTa dacvis

saministro, aseve tenderebi (kulturis da ZeglTa dacvis saministro, saqarTvelos

kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvis erovnuli saagento, Tbilisis meriis kulturuli

RonisZiebebis samsaxuri), Tumca am dafinansebebSic aramaterialur kulturul

memkvidreobas da kerZod tradiciul rewvas Zalze mcire adgili ukavia. dafinansebis

kidev erTi wyaroa saerTaSoriso donori organizaciebi, Tumca kulturis

mimarTulebiT maTi dafinanseba ganuxrelad mcirdeba. amave dros aRsaniSnavia, rom

grantebi rogorc wesi, gaicema proeqtebisTvis da ara sawarmoebisTvis, rac biznesis

ganviTarebis kuTxiT savaraudod naklebad efeqturia. saqarTvelos prioritetul

mimarTulebebSi kulturis zogadad da konkretulad tradiciuli rewvis ganviTarebis

deklarirebas SesaZloa am mimarTulebiTac Sedegebis momtani iyos.

8.2.5. kanoni saavtoro da momijnave uflebebis Sesaxeb45

tradiciuli rewvis sferos regulaciisTvis mniSvnelovania "saavtoro da momijnave

uflebebis Sesaxeb" kanonic, romlis ixedviTac saavtoro ufleba vrceldeba

mecnierebis, literaturisa da xelovnebis nawarmoebebze, romlebic warmoadgens

inteleqtualur SemoqmedebiTi saqmianobis Sedegs, ganurCevlad nawarmoebis

daniSnulebisa, avkargianobisa, Janrisa, moculobisa, gamoxatvis formisa da

saSualebisa. 46 saavtoro uflebebs ukavSirdeba nawarmoebis gamoyenebis ufleba,

„qonebrivi uflebebi“, romelic „tradiciuli rewvis“ da kulturuli industriebis

ganviTarebisaTvis sakmaod mniSvnelovani da yuradsaRebi faqtoria. aRniSnulidan

gamomdinare, tradiciuli rewvisa Tu kulturuli industriis funqcionireba mWidrod

aris dakavSirebuli saavtoro da momijnave uflebebTan, Tumca aqve unda aRiniSnos,

rom sruliad tradicili namuSevarze saavtoro ufleba ar registrirdeba, radgan is

sajaro sakuTrebaa. am SemTxvevaSi gamoiyeneba warmoSobis adgilis registracia, rac

45 tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva. danarTi 1. tradiciuli rewvis seqtoris iuridiuli bazis kvlevis angariSi. yifiani g. gv 2. 2013 46 "საავტორო და მომიჯნავე უფლებების შესახებ" საქართველოს კანონი,

sagadasaxad

o motivacia

Semowirul

obebi



44

garkveuli regionisTvis damaxasiaTebeli rewvis produqciis brendirebis kidev erTi

saSualeba SeiZleba iyos. Tumca raime kriteriumebi rodis eniWeba tradiciuli rewvis

nimuSebs saavtoro uflebebi gansazRvruli ar aris.

8.2.6. regulaciebi bunebrivi resursebiT sargeblobis Sesaxeb47

mSvnelovani iuridiuli problemaa dakavSirebuli bunebrivi resursebiT

sargeblobasTan. dRes arsebuli mdgomareobiT raime saxis gancalkevebuli regulaciebi

tradiciuli rewvis sferos mimarT dawesebuli ar aris, Sesabamisad moqmedebs

Cveulebrivi mkacrad regulirebuli procedurebi. 48 magaliTisaTvis: tradiciuli

sawnaxelis dasamzadeblad saWiro mrgvali moris mosapoveblad, aucilebelia

Sesabamisi xis moWris specialuri nebarTvis, licenziis floba, rac sawnaxelis

ostatisTvis zemoxsenebuli masalis mopovebis SesaZleblobas faqtiurad gamoricxavs.

analogiuri situaciaa bunebrivi wiaRiseulis kuTxiTac, keramikuli masalis (maT Soris

qvevrebis) dasamzadeblad aucilebeli Tixis mosapovebladac analogiuri bunebrivi

resursiT sargeblobis licenziaa aucilebeli. aRniSnuli situacia sakmaod rTul

mdgomareobaSi ayenebs ostatebs.

sasurvelia, gaTvaliswinebuli iyos tradiciuli rewvis sferoSi momuSve ostatebis

mier bunebrivi resursebiT sargeblobis SesaZlebloba garkveuli SeRavaTebiTa da

specialuri nebarTvebis gareSe. isvev rogorc es SeRavaTi dawesebulia bunebrivi

resursebis mopovebasTan dakavSirebul samecniero da kulturul-saganmanaTleblo

saqmianobas mimarTebaSi49;

8.2.7. saxelmwifo politikis Sefaseba tradiciuli rewvis sferoSi50

raime saxis dokumenti, sadac asaxuli iqneboda saxelmwifo politika aramaterialuri

kulturuli memkvidreobis, aseve tradiciuli rewvis sferoSi, romliTac dadgenili

iqneboda saxelmwifos damokidebuleba tradiciuli rewvis mimarT, (romlis arsebobac

parizis 2003 wlis konvenciiT saxelmwifos erT-erT valdebulebad aris gansazRvruli),

samwuxarod amJamad ar arsebobs. Sedegad, am sferoSi arsebul samarTlebriv vakuums,

saxelmwifo politikis ararsebobac emateba.

realurad bundovania aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis gamovlenis,

Sefasebisa da aRricxvis kriteriumebi, gaurkvevelia "Zeglis" statusis misaniWeblad

aucilebeli niSnebi. ar arsebobs samarTlebrivi meqanizmebi, regulaciebi da reJimebi.

aqedan gamomdinare ucnobia ra samarTlebriv Sedegebs iwvevs aramaterialuri

kulturuli memkvidreobis obieqtisaTvis Tundac "Zeglis" statusis miniWeba an/da misi

pasportizacia.

realurad, winaswar dagegmili samuSao gegma an/da grafiki aramaterialuri

kulturuli memkvidreobis Seswavlis Tu aRricxvis kuTxiT, aseve miznobrivad am

samuSaoze mimagrebuli jgufi an specialisti, saministroSi amJamad gansazRvruli ar

aris51.

47 tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva. danarTi 1. tradiciuli rewvis seqtoris iuridiuli bazis kvlevis angariSi. yifiani g. gv 2. 2013 48 ბუნებრივი რესურსებით სარგებლობისათვის მოსაკრებლის შესახებ საქართველოს კანონი 49 ბუნებრივი რესურსებით სარგებლობისათვის მოსაკრებლის შესახებ საქართველოს კანონის მე7 მუხლი 50 tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva. danarTi 1. tradiciuli rewvis seqtoris iuridiuli bazis kvlevis angariSi. yifiani g. gv 2. 2013 51 2013 wels saqarTvelos ZeglTa dacvis erovnuli saagentos iniciativiTa da “kulturis da menejmentis

laboratoriisa” da eqspertTa jgufis mier Seiqmna aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis kanonproeqti.

aRniSnuli kanonproeqtis samuSao jgufis wevri iyo xelovnebis saerTaSoriso centris TanamSromeli da

aRniSnuli kvlevis Tanaavtori ana SanSiaSvili, ramac, Tavis mxriv, saSualeba Seqmna kvlevis Sedegad



45

saxelmwifo dafinansebis kuTxiT Tu SevafasebT, 2013 wlis saxelmwifo biujetis

Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonSi aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreoba Zalwe mwirad

moixsenieba.

saqarTvelos kanoni "2013 wlis saxelmwifo biujetis Sesaxeb", 8.3

”kulturuli memkvidreobis dacva da samuzeumo sistemis srulyofa (programuli kodi 33 04)"

materialuri da aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis, kulturis uZravi da moZravi Zeglebis kulturul RirebulebaTa aRricxva;

es Canaweri Zalzed zogadia, amasTan, masSi ar aris gamijnuli materialuri da

aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis aRricxva/pasportizaciisaTvis gamoyofili

saxsrebi, maTi odenoba an Sefardeba. Sesabamisad, ra dafinanseba gamoiyofa swored

aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis aRricxvisaTvis sruliad gaugebaria,

savsebiT SesaZlebelia, rom am programiT gaTvaliswinebuli sufsidia mxolod

materialuri memkvidreobis aRricxvas moxmardes, an sulac am programis sxva muxlebis

dasafinanseblad iqnas gamoyenebuli, sadac aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreoba

nominaluradac ar figurirebs.

amave kanonis muxl 8.3.2 gaweril programaSi “kulturuli memkvidreobis dacva” (kodi 33

04 02) arsebuli CamonaTvali ZiriTadad materialur memkvidreobazea orientirebuli,

maSin rodesac aramaterialuri Zeglebi saqarTvelos kulturuli memkvidreobis

ganuyofel nawils warmoadgens.

kulturuli memkvidreobis dacva (programuli kodi 33 04 02)

saqarTvelos arqiteqturuli kompleqsebis (istoriuli dasaxlebebisa da qalaqebis), kulturuli memkvidreobis calkeuli nimuSebis dacva da reabilitacia;

muzeumebisa da muzeum-nakrZalebis materialur-teqnikuri bazis gaumjobeseba, teqnikuri xelSewyoba da maTi srulyofili funqcionirebisaTvis Sesabamisi pirobebis Seqmna;

samuzeumo koleqciebis diagnostika, eqsponatTa restavracia, aRricxva, inventarizacia da pasportizacia;

kulturuli memkvidreobis ZeglTa mdgomareobis kontrolis, prevenciuli konservaciisa da riskisaTvis mzadyofnis mizniT efeqtiani meqanizmebis Seqmna;

erTiani sainformacio sistemis/sivrcis Seqmnis mizniT kulturuli memkvidreobis monacemTa bazis Sevseba;

kulturuli memkvidreobis ZeglTa/kompleqsTa konservacia-restavracia momavali TaobebisaTvis SesanarCuneblad da turizmisaTvis mimzidveli garemos Sesaqmnelad;

kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvis organizaciebTan TanamSromloba da UNESCO-s valdebulebebis Sesruleba;

SemuSavebuli rekomendaciebis kanonproeqtSi integrirebisa. materialuri da aramaterialuri kulturuli

memkvidreobis dacvis meqanizmebis gansxvavebuli specifikidan gamomdinare, (Tu pirveli dacvaSi metwilad

gulisxmobs aRmkveT RonisZiebebs, meore SemTxvevaSi ZiriTadi dacvis meqanizmi ganaTlebis stimulirebasa da

sxva xelSemwyobi RonisZiebebis gatarebaSi mdgomareobs), kanonproeqti iTvaliswinebs “kulturuli

memkvidreobis kanonSi” cvlilebas da aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis kanonis calke gamoyofas.

amJamad, mimdinareobs kanonis samuSao versiis ganxilva sxvadasxva samTavrobo struqturebTan.



46

qveynis farglebis gareT arsebul saqarTvelos kulturuli memkvidreobis ZeglTa monitoringi, Seswavla, Sesabamis saxelmwifoebTan erTad erToblivi RonisZiebebis dagegmva da ganxorcieleba.

zemoxsenebuli Canawerebis garda sxva programuli dafinansebebi kulturis dargSi

zogad xasiaTs atarebs da am sferos yvela dargs aerTianebs. aramaterialuri

kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvis, popularizaciis, xelSewyobis, miTumetes

tradiciuli rewvis sferos ganviTareba/waxalisebis kuTxiT biujetSi programuli

dafinanseba gansazRvruli ar aris.

tradiciuli rewvis dafinansebi wyaroebis SezRudva aseve ganpirobebulia

qvelmoqmedebis Sesaxeb kanonis, kulturis dafinansebisTvis dabegvris gansakuTrebuli

reJimebis ararsebobiT, rac faqtiurad blokavs biznes seqtoridan kulturaSi da maT

Soris tradiciul rewvaSi saxsrebis Semodinebas.

kidev erTi normatiuli aqti saqarTvelos samarTlebriv sivrceSi, sadac

dafiqsirebulia „tradiciuli rewva“ aris 2010 wlis 25 ivnisis saqarTvelos mTavrobis

№172 dadgenilebiT „saqarTvelos regionuli ganviTarebis 2010-2017 ww. saxelmwifo

strategiis damtkicebisa da saqarTvelos regionuli ganviTarebis samTavrobo komisiis

Seqmnis Sesaxeb„ - damtkicebuli saqarTvelos regionuli ganviTarebis 2010-2017 ww.

saxelmwifo strategia, sadac „xalxuri rewva“, rogorc kulturuli turizmis

Semadgeneli erT-erTi segmenti strategiul mimarTulebad aris miCneuli da

aRiarebulia saxelmwifos valdebulebebis misi ganviTarebis xelSewyobis kuTxiT.

saqarTvelos regionuli ganviTarebis 2010-2017 ww. saxelmwifo strategia, muxli 5.2. 5.2. turizmis ganviTarebis xelSewyoba 3. saWiroa, SemuSavdes Sesabamisi meqanizmebi turizmis seqtoris diversificirebisa da Sida turizmis ganviTarebis mizniT, romlebic xels Seuwyobs turizmis sxvadasxva saxeobis ganviTa-rebas qveyanaSi, maT Soris:

– kulturuli turizmi (istoria, xuroTmoZRvreba, xelovneba, xalxuri rewva, religiuri turebi);

am Canaweris miuxedavad raime moqmedebebi an saxelmwifo aqtivoba „xalxuri rewvis“

waxalisebis, mxardaWeris an ganviTarebis kuTxiT jer ar dafiqsirebula.

8.3. adamianuri resursebi

8.3.1. SromiTi resursebi

kvlevis erT-erT mizans warmoadgenda tradiciul rewvaSi Cabmuli adamianuri

resursebis Sefaseba. rogorc meTodologiis aRwerisas aRiniSna, savele samuSaoebis

warmoebas win uswrebda seqtoris winaswari Sefaseba da erTiani sawyisi bazis Seqmna,

romelSic Sevida 1178 individi da 37 sawarmo. dakavSireba moxda individebis 43%-Tan da

sawarmoTa 85%-Tan. kvlevis msvlelobisas gamoikveTa ori tendencia:

vinaidan arsebuli bazebi Sedgenili iyo sxvadasxva organizaciis mier drois

sxvadasxva monakveTSi da gansxvavebuli miznebisTvis, gaerTianebulma bazam moicva

ostatebis farTo speqtri, romelTa nawili scdeboda winamdebare kvlevisTvis

SemuSavebul CarCos. kerZod ver akmayofilebda “tradiciuli rewvis” miRebul

definicias an ar eweoda samewarmeo saqmianobas. aravalidur kontaqtTa kidev erT



47

nawils warmoadgendnen erTeulebi, romlebmac Sewyvites tradiciul rewvaSi TavianTi

saqmianoba da uaxloes momavalSi ar apirebdnen mis ganaxlebas. sul aravaliduri

kontaqtebi Seadgenda dakavSirebulTa 13.44%. (ix. grafiki 2.). sawarmoebis winaswari baza

SedarebiT zusti aRmoCnda, aravalidurTa ricxvi am kategoriaSi mxolod 6.6%-s

Seadgenda.

grafiki 2. dakavSirebul pirTa validurad da aravalidurad ganawileba

meore tendencia iyo axali “saxelebis” gamovlena. savele samuSaoebis warmoebisas

xdeboda adgilobrivi mosaxleobis damatebiTi gamokiTxva bazaSi araregistrirebuli

pirebis mosaZieblad. uxeSi daSvebiT, am gziT gamovlinda daaxloebiT ostatTa 10% da

sawarmoTa 5%.

aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom savele samuSaoebis win, dazustebuli bazebis uqonlobis gamo

ver moxerxda SerCevis CarCos gansazRvra, ris gamoc Catarebul gamokiTxvas

reprezentatiulad ver miviCnevT. Tumca, kvlevam moicva saqarTvelos yvela regioni da

pirveladi bazis 44.6%, rac saSualebas gvaZlevs vivaraudoT, rom gamokiTxvis Sedegad

gamovlenili tendenciebi validuria gamokiTxvis miRma darCenili simravlisTvisac. am

mosazrebas amyarebs gamokiTxvis Semdeg, 2013 wlis ganmavlobaSi Catarebuli Tvisobrivi

kvlevis Sedegad miRebuli suraTic.

tradiciuli rewva, misi specifikidan da, aseve, saqarTveloSi arsebuli dargobrivi da

organizaciuli struqturidan gamomdinare, ar warmoadgens did “damsaqmebels”.

gamokiTxuli ostatebis umetesoba (84%) muSaobs marto, damxmareebis gareSe da mxolod

16% sargeblobs sxva pirebis anazRaurebadi SromiT. “individualur damsaqmebelTa~

76.7% asaqmebs sam adamianze naklebs da mxolod 23% samze met adamians.

sferoSi moRvawe sawarmoebic ZiriTadad mcire zomisaa. maT umetesobaSi (85.7%) mxolod

6-10 dasaqmebulia, xolo 14.3% asaqmebs 10-dan 15-mde adamians. (ixiliT grafiki 3)

samwuxarod, kvlevis dros yuradReba ar gamaxvilebula sawarmoebis Tu individualuri

mewarmeebis mier dasaqmebulTa Sesasrulebel samuSaoze, rac ar iZleva maTi

kvalifikaciis gansazRvris saSualebas.

amgvarad, zemoT moyvanil monacemebze dayrdnobiT, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom tradiciuli

rewvis individualuri ostatebis raodenoba saqarTveloSi dReisaTvis daaxloebiT 960

13.44

12.06

74.51

პირები რომლებიც არ ან აღარ მუშაობენ ტრადიციული რეწვის სფეროში პირები რომლებიც მუშაობენ მაგრამ ვერ/არ იღებენ შემოსავალს ვალიდური პირები



48

Seadgens, xolo sawarmoTa raodenoba 40-mdea. maT mier dasaqmebulTa saerTo raodenoba

daaxloebiT 540-ia, Sesabamisad, tradiciuli rewvis produqciis SeqmnaSi sul Cabmulia

daaxloebiT 1500 adamiani.

grafiki 3 tradiciuli rewvis sawarmoTa procentuli ganawileba

dasaqmebulTa raodenobis mixedviT

rogorc vxedavT, mdidari tradiciebis da seqtoris didi potencialis miuxedavad

tradiciul rewvaSi dasaqmebulTa saerTo ricxvi saqarTvelos SromiTi resursebis

mxolod 0.07% Seadgens. Tumca aRniSvnis Rirsia is faqtic, rom ver moxerxda

tradiciuli rewvis “momsaxure” dargebSi dasaqmebulTa raodenobis Sefaseba. mizezebze,

romlebic ganapirobebs tradiciuli rewvis mokrZalebul rols saqarTvelos

ekonomikaSi, momdevno TavebSi ufro detalurad iqneba saubari.

wina periodis statistikuri masalis uqonlobis gamo SeuZlebelia msjeloba

dasaqmebulTa raodenobis dinamikaze. sabWoTa periodSi arsebuli tradiciuli rewvis

gaerTianeba “solani”-is gen. direqtor zurab ugulavasTan siRrmiseuli intervius

dros aRiniSna, rom mxolod am gaerTianebaSi gasuli saukunis 80-ian wlebSi

dasaqmebuli iyo 7000 adamiani, rac TiTqmis 4.5-jer aRemateba seqtorSi dRes

dasaqmebulTa ricxvs. es monacemi sagulisxmoa, Tumca, ar warmoadgens realur

Sesadarebel sidides, radgan SeuZlebelia Sefasdes “solani”-s mier gamoSvebul

produqciaSi tradiciuli rewvis realuri wili, im gansazRvrebiT, romelsac

winamdebare kvleva eyrdnoba. amasTanave sabWoTa ekonomika, misi marTvis modelidan

gamomdinare, obieqturad ar asaxavda da ar pasuxobda arsebul moTxovnas. Sesabamisad,

calkeuli sferoebis ganviTareba xdeboda xelovnurad, saxelmwifo subsidirebis gziT,

rac SeuZlebels xdis sistemis gareT dargis ganviTarebis tendenciis dadgenas.

am TvalsazrisiT sainteresoa tradiciul rewvaSi Cabmuli pirebis analizi wlebis

mixedviT. kvlevam aCvena, rom 2006 wlamde dargisadmi interesi mcirdeboda, magram

bolo 5 wlis ganmavlobaSi tradiciul rewvaSi Cabmuli ostatebis procentulma wilma

23.3%-s miaRwia, rac 5.2% -iT aRemateboda wina periodis maCvenebels. sawarmoTa

SemTxvevaSi mudmivi matebis tendencia gamovlinda, Tumca 2007-2012 wlebis periodSi es

zrda gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani iyo da 53.3% Seadgina.

37.1

22.9

25.7

14.3

%

1-3 დასაქმებული



10+ დასაქმებული



49

SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom aRniSnuli piki garkveulwilad 2008-2009 wlebSi

saqarTveloSi umuSevrobis maCveneblis mkveTr zrdas (13.3%-dan 16.9%-mde) (cxrili 3)

ukavSirdeba, vinaidan, sfero tradiciulad warmoadgens damatebiTi Semosavlis wyaros

da mcire sawyisi danaxarjebis gamo xSirad TviTdasaqmebis yvelaze xelmisawvdom

saSualebas. am periodSi tradiciul rewvaSi Cabmuli ostatebis 67.8% swored

ekonomikurad yvelaze aqtiur (26-55 weli) asakobriv jgufze modis.

grafiki 4. gamokiTxulTa Soris tradiciul rewvaSi Cabmuli

ostatebis da sawarmoTa ganawileba staJis mixedviT

aseve savaraudoa, rom rewvaSi “axalmosulTa” procentul matebaze garkveuli gavlena

iqonia tradiciuli rewvis produqciaze gazrdilma moTxovnam, rac ganpirobebuli iyo

erTis mxriv saqarTveloSi daqiravebiT dasaqmebulTa saSualo Tviuri nominaluri

xelfasis zrdiT da, Sesabamisad, mosaxleobis msyidvelobiTi unaris mcired amaRlebiT

(grafiki 5) da meores mxriv _ Semosuli ucxoeli turistebis, rეwvis produqciis erT-

erTi mTavari momxmareblis - raodenobis mkveTri matebiT. (cxrili 3)

sawarmoebis SemTxvevaSi TiTqmis 40%-iani matebis damatebiTi wamaxalisebeli piroba

iyo kanonmdeblobis gasamartiveblad gatarebuli farTo reformebi, romlis Sedegad

saqarTveloSi araformaluri seqtoris sidide bolo ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi

mniSvnelovnad Semcirda. aRuricxavi warmoebis wilma 2004 wlis 32%-dan 2010 wels 22%-

mde daiklo. yvela es reforma mimarTuli iyo ekonomikuri zrdis xelSewyobisken, iseTi

sakanonmdeblo CarCos Seqmnisken, romelic legalur bizness waaxalisebda52.

cxrili 3. dasaqmeba da umuSevroba53

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

ეკონომიკურად აქტიური მოსახლეობა

(სამუშაო ძალა), ათასი კაცი 2023.9 2021.8 1965.3 1917.8 1991.8 1944.9 1959.3 2029.1

დასაქმებული, ათასი კაცი 1744.6 1747.3 1704.3 1601.9 1656.1 1628.1 1664.2 1724.0

52 tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva. danarTi 3. tradiciuli rewvis seqtoris ekonmikuri kvlevis angariSi. ekonomikuri politikis kvlevis centri 2013 53 statistikis sammarTvelos veb-gbverdi http://www.geostat.ge/?action=page&p_id=145&lang=geo

2.40%

20.90% 17.10%

26.50% 31.60%

1.60% 6.70%

53.30%

20.00%

13.30%

6.70%

0.00%

10.00%

20.00%

30.00%

40.00%

50.00%

60.00%

< 1 წელი 1 - 5 წელი 6 - 10 წელი

11 - 20 წელი

> 20 წელი მიჭირს პასუხის გაცემა

ინდ.ოსტატები

იურიდ.პირები

http://www.geostat.ge/?action=page&p_id=145&lang=geo



50

უმუშევარი, ათასი კაცი 279.3 274.5 261.0 315.8 335.6 316.9 295.1 305.1

უმუშევრობის დონე, პროცენტებში 13.8 13.6 13.3 16.5 16.9 16.3 15.1 15.

grafiki 5. daqiravebiT dasaqmebulTa saSualo Tviuri

minimaluri xelfasi saqarTveloSi32



51

cxrili 4. Semosuli turistebis dinamika wlebis mixedviT54

wlebi 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

turistebis

raodenoba 559,753 763,231 1,051,749 1,290,108 1,500,049 2,031,717 2,822,363 4,389,256

8.3.2. sqesobriv-asakobrivi, erovnuli da socialuri struqtura

kvlevis Sedegebis analizma aCvena, rom tradiciul rewvaSi qalebis procentuli wili

ufro maRalia, vidre qveynis saSualo maCvenebeli. maTze modis dargSi dasaqmebulTa

62.3% maSin, rodesac qalebi mTeli mosaxleobis 52.3%-s Seadgenen. ganviTarebadi

qveynebisgan gansxvavebiT, msgavsi disbalansi arc qalebis maRali umuSevrobiT aris

ganpirobebuli, vinaidan saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuris monacemebiT

umuSevrobis done qalebSi ufro dabalia, vidre mamakacebSi.

grafiki 6 umuSevrobis done sqesobriv WrilSi55

msgavsi ganawileba ar SeiZleba aixsnas arc sferos specifikiT, vinaidan saqarTvelos

tradiciuli rewva sakmaod mravalferovania da aerTianebs rogorc qalebis, aseve

mamakacebis dasaqmebis tradiciul dargebs. Tumca, tradiciul rewvaSi arsebuli

dabali Semosavlebi udaod amcirebs mamakacebis interess sferosadmi da ganapirobebs

qalTa siWarbes, vinaidan, rogorc wesi, saqarTveloSi qalebi mamakacebze xSirad arian

Cabmuli mcire damatebiTi Semosavlis momtan saqmianobaSi. aRniSnuli tendenciebi kidev

ufro ganmtkicda post-sabWoTa periodSi ekonomikur saqmianobaSi qalTa rolis

gaaqtiurebiT. aqtiur mosaxleobaSi TviTdasaqmebulTa procentuli ganawilebis

statistikuri monacemebis mixedviT TviTdasaqmebul qalTa procenti qalTa samuSao

ZalaSi 1998-2012 ww. TiTqmis mudmivad uswrebs kacebis maCvenebels (grafiki 7).

54 saqarTvelos turizmis erovnuli administraciis vebgverdi http://gnta.ge/stats/portal/ 55 saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri http://www.geostat.ge/?action=page&p_id=148&lang=geo

http://gnta.ge/stats/portal/



52

grafiki 7. TviTdasaqmebulTa procenti aqtiur mosaxleobaSi (samuSao Zala) ganawileba

qalebsa da kacebSi56

gansxvavebulia qalTa da mamakacTa dasaqmebis suraTi teqnologiuri jgufebis

mixedviT. rogorc grafiki 8-ze da 9-ze Cans, teqstili naTlad aris gamokveTili

rogorc “qalTa dargi”, xolo xis da liTonis damuSaveba rogorc “mamakacTa dargebi”.

minanqris damuSavebaსა da keramikaSi sqesobrivi ganawileba met-naklebad Tanabaria.

grafiki 8. qalebis dasaqmeba teqnologiuri jgufebis mixedviT

56 saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri http://www.geostat.ge/?action=page&p_id=148&lang=geo

0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

ქალები

კაცები

76.50%

5.56%

0.43% 10.68%

3.85%

2.99% 0.43% 2.56% 0.43% 0.43% 0.85%

ტექსტილი

კერამიკა

მინა

მინანქარი

ხის დამუშ.

ტყავის დამუშ.

ქაღალდის დამუშ.



53

grafiki 9. kacebis dasaqmeba teqnologiuri jgufebis mixedviT

8.3.3. asakobrivi struqtura

tradiciuli rewvis asakobrivi struqtura ZiriTadad emTxveva saqarTvelos

ekonomikurad aqtiuri mosaxleobis struqturas, Tumca aris rigi gansxvavebuli

tendenciebi. tradiciuli rewvis ostatebSi yvelaze aqtiurad 36-45 wlamde (25.9%) da

45-55 wlamde (26.7 %) asakobrivi jgufebia warmodgenili, rac jamurad 10.79%-iT maRalia

am jgufebis wilze saqarTvelos ekonomikurad aqtiur mosaxleobSi. 35 wlamde asakis

da 56 welze xandazmulTa asakobriv jgufebSi SeimCneva mcire “CamorCena” saqarTvelos

saSualo maCveneblebTan _ Sesabamisad, 5.9% da 5%. Tuki am tendenciebs daveyrdnobiT,

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom tradiciuli rewva sakmaod mniSvnelovania yvelaze aqtiuri asakis

warmomadgenelTa dasaqmebisTvis, xolo axalgazrdebis interesi SedarebiT mcirea.

aRsaniSnavia isic, rom mamakacebSi maRalia 56-65 da >66 asakobrivi jgufebis wilic,

Sesabamisad 26.24% da 14.18% maSin, rodesac qalebSi am asakobriv jgufebze mxolod

9.44% da 4.29% modis. aRniSnuli garemoeba savaraudod 56 welze zemoT mamakacebSi

TviTdasaqmebis gazrdili aucileblobiT aris ganpirobebuli.

8.3.4. erovnuli struqtura

kvlevis Sedegad miRebuli suraTis Sesabamisad tradiciuli rewvis ostatTa erovnuli

struqtura erTgvarovania. gamokiTxulTa 97.8% qarTvelia, 0.8% rusi, 0.8% somexi da

0.27% osi. aRsaniSnavia rom gamokiTxuli somexi ostatebis SemTxvevaSi mkveTrad iyo

gamoxatuli maTTvis tradiciuli teqnikis (qvaze kveTa, xeze Wra) da dizainis

gamoyeneba. gaerTianebul bazaSi aseve figurirebdnen azerbaijaneli ostatebi, Tumca

winaswari kontaqtiT gamovlinda, rom isini ar xvdebodnen winamdebare kvlevisTvis

SemuSavebul CarCoSi. savaraudoa, rom kvlevis miRma darCa erovnuli umciresobebis

validuri ostatebis nawili. Sesabamisd, momaval kvlevebSi erovnul struqturis

dazustebis mizniT sasurveli iqneboda damatebiTi wyaroebis moZieba erovnuli

umciresobis warmomadgenelTa gamosavlenad.

0.70%

11.19% 1.40%

11.89%

53.85%

0.70%

0.70%

26.57%

9.79%

6.29% 1.40%

ტექსტილი კერამიკა მინა მინანქარი ხის დამუშ. ტყავის დამუშ. ქაღალდის დამუშ. ლითონის დამუშ. ქვის/ძვლის დამუშ. შერეული სხვა



54

grafiki 10. tradiciuli rewvis ostatTa asakobrivi struqtura

grafiki 11 saqarTvelos ekonomikurad aqtiuri mosaxleoba

asakobriv WrilSi

2.80

5.59

5.59

18.88

26.57

26.57

13.99

0.85

6.41

21.79

29.91

27.35

9.40

4.27

1.59

6.10

15.65

25.73

27.06

15.92

7.96

0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00

16-18

19-25

26-35

36-45

46-55

56-65

>66

%

ასაკ

ობრ

ივი

ჯგუ

ფებ

ი

მთლიანად რეწვაში

ქალი

კაცი

1.81

8.36

19.06

19.57

22.43

16.15

12.63

0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00

15-19

20-25

25-34

35-44

45-54

55-64

65+



55

8.3.5. socialuri struqtura

kvlevis dros gamokiTxulTa miRma darCa ostatTa socialuri mdgomareoba. marTalia

statistikuri monacemebis uqonlobis gamo Znelia Sefasebis gakeTeba, magram savele

muSa jgufis dakvirvebiT SeiZleba gamoiyos ramdenime tendencia:

• tradiciul rewvaSi, TviTdasaqmebis mizniT, xSirad erTvebian diasaxlisebi,

umuSevrebi da pensionerebi.

• tradiciuli rewva garkveul rols TamaSobs SezRuduli unarebis mqone,

iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa da sxva mowyvladi jgufebis dasaqmebaSi. maTi CarTva

ZiriTadad am jgufebTan momuSave arasamTavrobo organizaciebis bazaze xdeba.

8.3.6. ZiriTadi mignebebi da problemebi

saqarTveloSi tradiciuli rewvis potenciali srulad ar aris gamoyenebuli. amJamad

sferoSi dasaqmebulia daaxloebiT 1500 individi, rac saqarTvelos ekonomikurad

aqtiuri mosaxleobis mxolod 0.07%-s Seadgens;

tradiciuli rewva gamoirCeva qalTa aqtivobiT, rac mniSvnelovanwilad ganpirobebulia

dargSi dabali SemosavlebiT da saqarTveloSi qalTa aqtiuri roliT TviTdasaqmebaSi;

calsaxad ikveTeba sferoTi axalgazrdebis dabali daintereseba, rac tradiciuli

rewvis rigi dargebis “daberebas” (gansakuTrebiT kacebis dasaqmebis dargebi) iwvevs,

aferxebs Taobidan Taobaze codnis gadacemas da tradiciuli teqnikebis dakargvis

saSiSroebas qmnis.

tradiciuli rewvis erovnuli struqtura ZiriTadad erTgvarovania, qarTvelebi

Seadgenen 97.8%, Tumca erovnuli struqtura dazustebas moiTxovs

tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi arasamTavro organizaciebis mier mas mniSvnelovani

roli eniWeba SezRuduli unarebis mqone, iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa da sxva

mowyvladi jgufebis dasaqmebaSi.

8.4. regionaluri gavrceleba

saqarTveloSi mcire da saSualo biznesis ganviTarebis erT-erTi problema misi

uTanasworo geografiuli ganawilebaa – registrirebul kompaniaTa 45% TbilisSi

mdebareobs. es tendencia tradiciul rewvaSic SeiniSneba, Tumca nakleb Zlierad.

kvlevaze dayrdnobiT seqtoris geografiuli ganawileba SeiZleba Semdegnairad

Sefasdes:

individualur ostatTa didi nawili, daaxloebiT 26%, TbilisSi cxovrobs, Tumca

mosaxleobaSi ostatTa procentuli SemadgenlobiT Tbiliss saSualo maCvenebeli aqvs.

am maCveneblis sididiT gamoirCeva raWa-leCxumi, qvemo svaneTi da guria, aseve mcxeTa-

mTianeTi, aWara da samcxe-javaxeTi. naTelia, rom saqarTveloSi tradiciul rewvis

ZiriTadi “mizidulobis” arealebi mTiani regionebia, rac upirveles yovlisa,

saqarTvelos mTianeTSi tradiciebis siZlieriT aris ganpirobebuli.

rac Seexeba sawarmoebs, maTi ricxvi TavisTavad Zalze mcirea da ganzogadebis gakeTeba

rTulia. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom gamokiTxul sawarmoTa daaxloebiT 26% ganlagebulia

TbilisSi, xolo danarCeni TiTqmis Tanabradaa ganawilebuli qveynis sxva mxareebze.



56

graf

iki

12. trad

iciu

li r

ewvis o

stat

Ta pr

ocentuli maCvenebel

i mT

lian mosax

leo

baS

i

reg

ionebis

mix

edviT



57

marTalia tradiciuli rewva, rogorc TviTdasaqmebis da damatebiTi Semosavlis wyaro,

gansakuTrebiT “mimzidveli” unda iyos soflis mosaxleobisTvis, magram ostatebis

gamokiTxvis analizi aCvenebs, rom ostatTa mxolod 28% ar cxovrobs urbanul zonaSi,

maSin rodesac mTlianad mosaxleobis 46.8% soflis mosaxlea. es, sxva mizezebTan

erTad, mniSvnelovanwilad gamowveulia distribuciis arxebis ararsebobiT (ix. Tavi

8.8.6), rac soflis mosaxleobisTvis nawarmis bazarze moxvedras Zalian aZnelebs da

Sesabamisad, aferxebs maT Cabmas amgvar ekonomikur saqmianobaSi.

tradiciuli rewvis geografiul ganawilebaSi aseve SeiZleba aRiniSnos saqarTvelos

mxareebis mier maTTvis istoriulad damaxasiaTebeli dargebis SenarCuneba. ase

magaliTad, mTian raionebSi: svaneTi, aWara, raWa kvlav dominirebs xis damuSaveba,

imereTSi farTod aris gavrcelebuli keramikis warmoeba da a.S.


tradiciuli rewvis regionaluri ganviTareba SedarbiT Tanabaria, Tumca mosaxleobaSi

trdiciulir rewvis ostatebis wiliT gamoirCeva raWa-leCxumi, qvemo svaneTi da guria,

aseve mcxeTa-mTianeTi, aWara da samcxe-javaxeTi. naTelia, rom saqarTveloSi tradiciul

rewvis ZiriTadi “mizidulobis” arealebi mTiani regionebia

ganuviTarebeli infrastruqturis gamo tradiciuli rewva ver asrulebs Tavis rols

regionebis da, kerZod, sasoflo dasaxlebebis ganviTarebaSi, razedac metyvelebs misi

koncentracia urbanul zonaSi (mwarmoebelTa 72%).

8.5. mwarmoeblebis struqtura samewarmeo statusis mixedviT

kvlevam daadastura winasawari molodini, rom tradiciuli rewvis mwarmoebelTa

umetesoba individualuri piria. amasTan, maTi 65.8% ar aris daregistrirebuli

sagadasaxado bazaSi, 19.6% registrirebulia rogorc ind. mewarme, xolo 14.6% rogorc

mewarme fizikuri piri. registraciis aseTi dabali maCvenebeli, upirveles yovlisa,

ostatebisTvis sagadasaxado uwyebasTan urTierTobis problemurobiT aixsneba. erTi

mxriv, maT ar aqvT saTanado codna registraciis aucileblobis, arsebuli statusebis,

Semdgomi angariSgebis sistemis Sesaxeb, rac, xSir SemTxvevaSi, registraciisadmi

erTgvar SiSs da undoblobas iwvevs; meore mxriv, regionSi mcxovrebi ostatebisTvis

registraciis da angariSgebis procedura damatebiT garTulebulia sagadasaxado

uwyebis maT dasaxlebul punqtSi ararsebobiT da internetis naklebi

xelmisawvdomobiT. fokus jgufebSi muSaobisas aseve gamovlinda, rom is ostatebic ki,

romlebic daregistrirebulni arian da yovelwliurad awarmoeben saTanado

angariSgebas, bolomde ver erkvevian arsebuli statusebis upiratesobebSi da aRricxvis

Tu angariSgebis niuansebSi.

aRsaniSnavia, rom daregistrirebulTa Pprocentuli wili mniSvnelovnad didia

TbilisSi. aq cxovrobs daregistrirebuli ostatebis 47.2%. aseve maRalia TbilisSi

mcxovrebi ostatebis registraciis maCvenebelic - 49.5%. dedaqalaqis gareT situacia

mkveTrad icvleba. aq gamokiTxul ostatTa mxolod 26.7%-ia daregistrirebuli.

rogorc ukve aRiniSna, saqarTveloSi tradiciul rewvaSi CarTuli iuridiuli pirebis

raodenoba sakmaod mcirea. sawyis bazaSi mocemuli iyo 37 kontaqti, sul gamoikiTxa 31.



58

statusis TvalsazrisiT organizaciebis umetesoba – 38.7% daregistrirebulia rogorc

a(a)ipi. es ganpirobebulia imiT, rom tradiciulma rewvam mniSvnelovani datvirTva hpova

SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis, iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli pirebis problematikaze

momuSave arasamTavrobo organizaciebis Tanmdev saqmianobaSi. Sps-ze modis 35.5%, xolo

25.8%-s faqtiurad ar gaaCniaT statusi, magram mikuTvnebul iqnen iuridiul pirebs

“garegani niSnebis” safuZvelze. aq ZiriTadad Sedis monastrebTan arsebuli

saxelosnoebi, saxelovnebo skolebSi arsebuli wreebi da a.S.


sferos umetesi nawili realurad aRuricxavia, rac arTulebs ekonomikuri statistikis

warmoebas da aseve, dargis ganviTarebis ekonomikuri gegmisa da prognozebis gakeTebas.

amis mizezebad SeiZleba dasaxeldes:

a. naklebi gaTviTcnobierebuloba sagadasaxado statusebis da registraciis

aucileblobis/formebis Sesaxeb;

b. bundovani da rTulad gasagebi sagadasaxado kodeqsi, romelic sagadasaxado

uwyebasTan urTierTobis SiSsac ki iwvevs.

g. regionebSi, gansakuTrebiT soflad mcxovrebi ostatebisTvis sagadasaxado

uwyebasTan urTierTobis damatebiTi satransporto da drois danaxarjebTan kavSiri.

8.6. dargobrivi struqtura

rogorc aRiniSna, winamdebare kvleva warmoebda winaswar identificirebuli 10

teqnologiuri jgufis da 22 teqnikis mixedviT. kvlevam aCvena, rom dReisaTvis

saqarTveloSi yvela maTgani “cocxalia”, Tumca mniSvnelovani gansxvavebebi arsebobs

maT gavrcelebaSi. Tu erTi teqnika farTod aris gavrcelebuli da misi Taobidan

Taobaze gadacema aqtiurad mimdinareobs, magaliTad Teqa, zogieri teqnika Zalze

iSviaTad gvxvdeba da gaqrobis seriozuli safrTxis winaSe dgas, mag. meabreSumeoba

(ixileT grafiki 13)

8.6.1. teqstili

saqarTveloSi yvelaze gavrcelebul teqnologiur jgufs teqstili warmoadgens. is

yvelaze mravalferovania qsovilis damuSavebis teqnologiuri qvedargebis

TvalsazrisiTac, romelTagan yvelaze gavrcelebulia Telva, dazgaze qsova, naqargoba,

moCiTuli qsovili, CxiriTa da yaisnaRiT qsova da kerva. yoveli maTgani, Tavis mxriv,

sxvadasxva teqnikebisgan (mag. dazgaze qsova: fardagi, xaliCa, gobeleni da mravali

sxva) Sedgeba.

teqstilSi gamokiTxul ostatTa 49.07% muSaobs. rogorc ukve aRiniSna, aRniSnuli

teqnologiuri jgufi ZiriTadad qalebis dasaqmebiT xasiaTdeba (99.06%). geografiuli

ganawilebis TvalsazrisiTac teqstili erT-erTi yvelaze Tanabri ganawilebiT

xasiaTdeba. Tumca, gamokiTxulTa Soris teqstiliT dakavebuli ostatebis

gansakuTrebiT maRali wili gamovlinda TbilisSi (43.03%). aseve mniSvnelovani adgili

ukavia samegrelo-zemo svaneTs (8.61%), mcxeTa-mTianeTs (8.61%) da kaxeTs (8.61%).

savaraudod kaxeTis procentuli wili realurad ufro maRalia, vinaidan alvanis

municipalitetSi (romelic tradiciulad fardagebis, CiTebis da a.S. qsovis centrs



59

warmoadgens) gamokiTxul ostatTa monacemebi statistikur analizSi ar yofila

gamoyenebuli.

didia teqstilis procentuli wili sawarmoTa Soris. sul gamokiTxul sawarmoTa 67%

awarmoebs teqstilis produqcias, magram niSandoblivia, rom 20 sawarmodan mxolod

oTxia Sps. danarCeni maTgani a(a)ip an monasterTan arsebuli saxelosnoebia.

grafiki 13. gamokiTxuli individualuri ostatebis

ganawileba teqnologiuri jgufebis mixedviT*

*SeniSvna: zogierTi individi muSaobs ramdenime teq. jgufSi. Sesabamisad jamuri % 100-s

aRemateba

cxrili 5. teqstilSi momuSave ostatTa % regionSi gamokiTxulTa Soris

მხარე % მხარე %

თბილისი 43.03 სამეგრელო-ზემოსვანეთი 8.61

ქვემო ქართლი 5.64 აჭარა 6.82

სამცხე-ჯავახეთი 6.53 შიდა ქართლი 6.82

იმერეთი 2.67 მცხეთა-მთიანეთი 8.61

გურია 1.78 კახეთი 8.61

რაჭა-ლეჩხუმი, ქვემო სვანეთი 0.88

49.07

8.75

0.53

11.94

22.81

1.86

0.53 10.88

3.98

2.92 1.06 ტექსტილი

კერამიკა

მინა

მინანქარი

ხის დამუშავება

ტყავის დამუშავება

ქაღალდის დამუშავება

ლითონის დამუშავება

ქვის/ძვლის დამუშავება

შერეული

სხვა



60

produqciis TvalsazrisiT am jgufSi ZiriTadad iwarmoeba tansacmeli, aqsesuarebi,

interieris aqsesuarebi (fardagi, xaliCa, kompoziciebi), saTamaSoebi. sul daaxloebiT

456 dasaxelebis jgufi gamoiyo. fasebis TvalsazrisiT, zogad saSualo maCveneblebTan

SedarebiT, produqcia naklebi fasisken miiswrafis. produqciis kategoriebis TiTqmis

80% 50 larze iafia da mxolod 3%-ia 500 larze Zviri.

miuxedavad imisa, rom Cvens xelT ar arsebobs wina wlebis analogiuri monacemebi,

garkveuli teqnologiebis wilis zrda da zogierTi maTganis daqveiTebis tendencia

naTelia. amis saukeTeso magaliTad dReisaTvis Telvis teqnikis maRali procenti

SeiZleba moviyvanoT.

grafiki 14. teqstilis jgufSi warmoebuli produqciis

ganawileba fasebis mixedviT

grafiki 15. teqstilSi momuSave ostatTa ganawileba teqnikis mixedviT

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

<20

21-50

51-100

101-500

501-1000

>1000

%

ფას

ი ლ

არში

0.005.00

10.0015.0020.0025.0030.0035.00

%



61

8.6.2. Telva

bolo 5-7 wlis ganmavlobaSi SeimCneva Teqis gansakuTrebuli popularoba, rac

sxvadasxva faqtorebiT unda iyos ganpirobebuli. erTi mxriv, es aris internetSi

arsebuli farTo resursebi, sxva dargebTan SedarebiT Teqis teqnikis simartive da

naklebi Sromatevadoba, xolo meore mxriv, bolo wlebSi qalebis dasaqmebaze

orientirebul programebSi Teqis teqnikis swavlebis CarTva. Sesamabisad Teqis

teqnikaSi bevri “axalmosuli” ostati muSaobs: gamokiTxulTa 42% xuTi an naklebi

welia CarTulia tradiciul rewvaSi.

mniSvnelovani diversifikacia ganicada produqciam, tradiciul produqcias svanur

qudebs, nabdebs, fardagebs dRes Teqis produqciis mxolod mcire wili ukavia (avtorTa

mxolod 22% awarmoebs tradiciuli dizainis nimuSebs), ZiriTadi nawili ki

Tanamedrove samosi da aqsesuarebia, kerZod: Sarfebi, faCuCebi, Teqis saTamaSoebi,

yvavilebi, samkauli (mZivebi, Tmis samagrebi da a.S.), romelTac erTmaneTis msgavsi,

standartuli dizaini gaaCnia.

mniSvnelovnad gamartivda Telvis teqnika, rac gamoixateba nakeTobisTvis simyaris

misacemad saxameblis gamoyenebaSi (adre es xangrZlivi TelviT miiRweoda), da aseve

Teqis sxva qsovilebTan kombinirebSi.

TavisTavad produqciis diversifikacia, iseve rogorc teqnikaSi Tanamedrove

teqnologiebis gamoyeneba dadebiTi movlenaa, Tumca Telvis SemTxvevaSi naklebad

gamocdili kadrebis, axali tipis produqciis da gamartivebuli teqnikis gamoyenebis

erTobliobam umetes SemTxvevaSi Teqis produqciis zogadi xarisxi mniSvnelovnad

gaauaresa.

Teqis produqciis masobrivi xasiaTis miuxedavad qveynis masStabiT SemorCenilia

tradiciuli teqnilogiebi, mag. svaneTSi svanuri qudi, samegreloSi nabdebis Telvis

teqnologia, aseve stefanwmindaSi, pankisis xeobasa da alvanSi nabdebis, qudebis,

fardagebisa da cxenis Culebis Telva.

qeTevan xatiaSvili

Teqis saTamaSoebi

Tbilisi. tel.:597675863



62

jara niJaraZe

svanuri qudebis ostati

Jibiani, sof.uSguli, mestiis municipaliteti

tel.: +995 790955991

svanuri qudebis ostati jara niJaraZe svaneTis

ulamazes sofelSi uSgulSi cxovrobs. man qudebis

damzadeba dedisgan iswavla. ostati misi ojaxis

mamakecebisTvis bavSvobidan amzadebda svanur qudebs.

kargad moTelili qudi wylis dasalevad gamoiyeneboda.

es iyo simbolo mayvSis Zalauflebisa. sadResaswaulod

TeTr quds xmarobdnen, Savs _ samgvloviarod, xolo

ruxs _ yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi.

“

lia da gulnaz qoTilaiZeebi

Teqis ostatebi

gulnaz da lia qoTilaiZeebi sofel lalisyurSi

cxovroben. ukve 13 welia erToblivad muSaoben Teqaze da

naruqze. debi qoTilaiZeebi Teqisgan da naruqisgan

dekoratiuli kedlis panoebs, Sarfebs, sanaTebs,

fardagebs da interieris gasaformebeli aqsesuarebs

qmnian. maTi namuSevrebi TavSekavebuli ferebiT, zomieri

kombinaciiT da Sesrulebis maRali xarisxiT gamoirCeva.

Cveni namuSevrebis dizaini erTi SexedviT Tanamedrovea,

magram yvelaferi mainc Cveni fesvebidan modis. Teqaze

muSaobas sanam daviwyebdiT sofelSi mcxovreb xelsaqmeSi

gamocdili qalbatonebisgan miviReT codna qarTuli

tradiciuli ornamentis Sesaxeb. dRes rasac vakeTebT,

albaT Zvelis ganaxlebas vuwodebdi”



63

ZiriTadi masala kvlav matylia, rogorc adgilobrivi warmoSobis, ise importirebuli

(mirinosi). Tumca, rogorc ukve aRiniSna xSirad “safuZvlad” gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva

tipis qsovili, romelzec iTeleba matyli.

aRsaniSnavia isic, rom saerTaSoriso gamocdilebis gaziareba am dargSi Seexo mxolod

gamoyenebul masalas (merinosi, qimiuri saRebavebi) da ara aRWurvilobas. gamokiTxul

ostatTagan Telvis procesSi arc erTi maTgani ar iyenebs meqnikur danadgarebs, Tumca

magaliTad nepalSi farTod gamoiyeneba martivi xelis presebi, romlebic maRal

xarisxTan erTad mniSvnelovnad amcireben Sromis danaxarjebs.

Teqis produqciaSi didi adgili uWiravs saTamaSoebs, romlebic aseve metwilad

erTmaneTis msgavsia, Tumca arsebobs gamonaklisebic, romlebic maRali xarisxiTa da

saTamaSoebis dizainis originalurobiT xasiaTdeba.

8.6.3. naqargoba

teqstilis teqnologiuri qvedargebidan, gavrcelebis TvalsazrisiT meore adgilze

naqargobaa. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom naqargobaSi Teqis msgavsi radikaluri cvlilebebi ar

momxdara. am dargis produqciis fuqncionaluri jgufebi ZiriTadad kvlav tansacmeli,

aqsesuarebi (qudebi, samajuri, Tavsamkauli, a.S.), saeklesio da saojaxo nivTebia.

(sufrebi, xelsaxocebi). marTalia gvxvdeba funqcionaluri inovaciebi (mag. mobiluri

Casadebebi), magram produqciis realuri gamravalferovneba ar SeimCneva.

Tumca gamokiTxul ostatTa 85% tradiciuli dizainiT muSaobs, unda aRiniSnos, rom

naqargobaSi faqtiurad dakargulia saqarTvelos regionaluri gansxvavebebi. Warbobs

fSav-xevsureTisTvis tipiuri jvruli naqargoba, Sesabamisad sxva regionebis

damaxasiaTebeli Taviseburebebi naklebad aris warmodgenili. xevsuruli ornamentiT

formdeba mamakacis qudebi, mandilebi, CanTebi, qisebi, samajurebi, Tavsamkauli.

miuxedavad aRniSnuli popularobisa, xevsuruli samosisTvis damaxasiaTebeli

mravalferovneba: naqargobis, CanaWrulis (aplikaciis) da wvrili mZivis kombinacia,

rasac emateba Tavad naqargobis gansxvavebuli teqnikebis gamoyeneba, Tanamedrove

nawarmSi mxolod jvruli naqargobiTaa Canacvlebuli, rac mniSvnelovnad aRaribebs

maT dizains.

rogorc aRiniSna, ZiriTadad gamoiyeneba jvruli naqargoba, maSin rodesac wyliT,

oqromkerdiT qargva SedarebiT iSviaTia. Aoqromkerdis teqnika ZiriTadad gamoiyeneba

saeklesio daniSnulebis nivTebis mosarTavad, iSviaTad samkaulis an aqsesuarebis

gasaformeblad.

bazarze arsebuli naqargi produqciisTvis aseve damaxasiaTebelia funqciuri

kategoriebis da maTi formebis standartuloba, magaliTad, CanTebis, safuleebis da

sxva nivTebis tipiuri forma, romelic naklebad aris tradiciuli, Tumca amvadroulad

verc Tanamedrove bazris moTxovnas akmayofilebs (magaliTad. CanTis zoma, forma,

Sesakravi, sakidi. a.S.).

iseve, rogorc Teqis nawarmSi, naqarg produqciaSic xSirad vxvdebiT dabali xarisxis

namuSevrebs, rac gamoixateba feradovani Sexamebebis siWreleSi. es erTi mxriv,

ganpirobebulia importirebuli saqargavi Zafebis palitriT, romelic gansxvavdeba

tradiciuli bunebrivi saRebavebiT miRebuli TavSekavebuli feradovnebisgan, meore

mxriv Sromis ekonomiis mizniT gviritis zomis gazrdiT, rac aseve dabla swevs

produqciis dones.

saqargav safuZvlad gamoyenebuli kanvis SezRuduli arCevanis gamo, TiTqmis ucvlelad

dominirebs Savi foni, romelic tradiciulia, Tumca Zvel namuSevrebSi aseve gvxvdeba

lurjis, Sindisfris, RviZlisfris sxvadasxva tonebis fonad gamoyeneba, rasac iSviaTad



64

vnaxavT Tanamedrove produqciaSi. yovelive es garkveulwilad xels uwyobs produqciis

standartizacias.

uaRresad Sromatevadi saqmianobis gamo, naqargi xarisxiani produqcia sakmaod Zvirad

Rirebulia. gauTviTcnobierebeli myidvelisTvis gaweuli Sromis saTanado dafaseba

rTulia, rac saboloo jamSi maTi realizaciis problemas qmnis.

8.6.4. qsova

teqstilSi momuSave ostatebis 19% modis qsovaze. produqciis umetesoba CxirebiT aris

Sesrulebuli, daaxloebiT 20% yaisnaRiT naqsovia. funqcionaluri jgufebidan bazarze

ZiriTadad aqsesuarebia (qudebi, Sarfebi, windebi, CiTebi) warmodgenili. naqsov

produqciaSi Warbobs Sereuli dizainis nawarmi (48%), maSin rodesac tradiciul

dizainze _ 38%, xolo Tanamedroveze mxolod 14% modis. Sereuli dizainis

namuSevrebis siWarbe savaraudod bolo wlebSi Tanamedrove dizainis naqsov qudebze da

Sarfebze gaCenili moTxovnis Sedegia. tradiciuli

nimuSebi – windebi, CiTebi kvlav ucvleli saxiT

gvxvdeba, Tumca windebis SemTxvevaSi, ucxoeli

momxmareblis gemovnebaze morgebuli ufro mkveTri

ferebis Semosvla SeimCneva. gamoyenebuli masala

ZiriTadad Salis Zafia, Tumca aris bambis da

xelovnuri Zafebic.

adgilobrivi warmoebis Zafebis simwiris gamo saqsov

masalad ZiriTadad gamoiyeneba Semotanili Zafebi,

rac kidev ufro metad aZvirebs saboloo

produqciis fass.

saqarTvelos masStabiT ostatebis mxridan

matylisgan Zafis damzadebis mxolod erTeuli

SemTxvevaRa gvxvdeba.

8.6.5. dazgaze qsova

dazgaze qsova ZiriTadad fardagebis, xaliCebis da

gobelenis qsoviT aris warmodgenili. es

mimarTuleba mniSvnelovnad “dasustda” 90-iani

wlebis Semdeg, rodesac gardamavali ekonomikis

pirobebSi moxda arsebuli fabrikebis daxurva.

dReisaTvis teqstilSi momuSave gamokiTxul

ostatTa 10.5%-i dakavebulia dazgaze qsoviT.

metwilad iqsoveba fardagebi da gobelenebi. amasTan

aRsaniSnavia, rom gobelenis qsoviT ZiriTadad specialuri ganaTlebis mqone ostatebi

arian dakavebulni, xolo fardagebs xalxuri rewvis ostatebi da maTi mowafeebi qmnian.

savaraudod swored amitom fardagebSi da xaliCebSi tradiciuli ornamentebi da

dizaini Warbobs, xolo gobelenSi _ Tanamedrove.

saqarTveloSi mexaliCeobis tradiciebi SemorCenilia axalcixeSi, alvanSi,

dedofliswyaroSi, duSeTsa da siRnaRSi funcionirebs xaliCebis mcire fabrikebi da

saxelosnoebi.

funqciurad dazgaze naqsovi fardagebis garda vxvdebiT amave qsovilisgan Sekeril

CanTebsa da aqsesuarebs (dedofliswaro), romelTa dizainic sxvadasxva masalebis

kombinaciiT aris gamdidrebuli.

marina iWirauli, CiTebis ostati axmetis r-ni, sof. qv. alvani

tel.: +995 555464472



65

mariam JuJunaZe

(maro bebo)

qsovis ostati

misamarTi:sof. musxi,

axalcixis municipaliteti

tel: +995 599321432; +995 790284877

sofel musxSi jer kidev SemorCenilia mexaliCeobis uZvelesi

tradiciebi, romlis matarebelic cnobili ostati mariam JuJunaZea

(maro bebo).

maro bebo warmoSobiT aspinZis raionidan aris. matyli da Zafi misi

cxovrebis ganuyofeli nawilia. ostati glexis ojaxSi daibada,

daamTavra skola, saeqTnoze undoda umaRlesSi Cabareba magram ver

moxvda.

`sofelSi rZis produqtebis aRmricxvelad vmuSaobi. 1955 wels

gavTxovdi garigebiT da 40 weli Cems qmarTan erTad vicxovre. qsova

bicolebisgan viswavle. Tavidan matylis CeCvas mavalebdnen,

mogvianebiT qsovac viswavle. omis dros ZiriTadi Sesamoseli

matylisgan ikereboda, omis dasrulebis Semdeg ki rodesac

tansacmlis qarxnuli warmoeba daiwyo meti matyli darCa sofelSi da

dedam gadawyvita fardagebis qsova dagvewyo. am dros skolaSic

vswavlobdi, skolis mere ki zogjer Ramis sam saaTamde dazgasTan

vijeqi da vqsovdi. Tavidan xaliCis Sua nawils deda qsovda kideebs ki

me. Zvel fardagebs exlac rom vuyureb zustad vici ra nawilia masSi

Cemi. mas mere, mTeli cxovrebis manZilze vqsov. bavSvi rom gamiCnda

akvani fexze mqonda gamobmuli da ise vqsovdi.~

maro babos saxelosnoSi saswavlebelia, sadac soflis axalgazrdebi swavloben xaliCebis xsovas. erTi ocneba

maqvs Cemi sikvdilis Semdeg es skola mainc arsebobdes, sxva mizani ar maqvs.”

maro bebo Tavisi kuTxis cocxali ganZia, romelsac gansakuTrebuli wvlili miuZRvis qarTuli tradiciebis

SenarCunebasa da ganviTarebaSi.

misi fardagebis fasi saSualod 600 laridan iwyeba, xaliCebis fasi ki 1500 laridan.



66

art studio `fesvebi~”

xelmZRvaneli: nino baxutaSvili

misamarTi: 9 Zmis quCa # 18,

q. dedofliswyaro

tel/Tel: +995 555 561494

el-fosta: [email protected]

art-studio ” fesvebi” 2005 wels daarsda dedofliswyaroSi.

saxelosnos saqmianobis mTavari mizani Tavidanve iyo istoriul-

eTnografiul wyaroebze dayrdnobiT tradiciuli qiziyuri

xelsaqmis aRdgena-ganviTareba da adgilobrivi qalbatonebis

saqmianobaSi aqtiuri CarTva iyo. TiToeuli monawile mokle droSi

daeufla fardagisa da gobelenis qsovis sxvadasxva teqnikas, Teqis

moTelvas, misgan sxvadasxva aqsesuaris damzadebas. am samuSao-

saswavlo process qalbatoni nino baxutaSvili xelmZRvanelobs,

romelic qmnis dizains da saxelosnos saqmianobis ZiriTad

mimarTulebas gansazRvravs.

fesvebi” saxelosnoebis erT-erT im mcire ricxvs miekuTvneba,

romelsac bunebrivi saRebavebiT Rebvis didi gamocdileba aqvs.

eTnografiul masalaze dayrdnobiT maT aRadgines Rebvis

tradiciuli meTodbi,rolebic praqtikulad dakarguli iyo.

saxelosnoSi iqsoveba fardagebi, xurjinebi, CanTebi da sxva.

namuSevrebis dizaini tradiciulia, gamoyenebulia qarTuli

ornamenti, ferebi da ferTa kombinaciebi. amave dros, saxelosnoSi

Tanamedrove moTxovnilebebs adaptirebuli koleqciac iqmneba, sadac

ferebi ufro naTelia, dizaini ki metad esadageba yoveldRiur

cxovrebas.

saxelosnoSi misul stumars saSualeba aqvs ixilos namuSevris Seqmnis

sruli procesi Zafebis Rebvidan dawyebuli misi qsoviT

dasrulebuli.

mailto:[email protected]



67

saqarTveloSi tradiciulad xdeboda dazgaze bambis, Salis, abreSumis, selis qsovilis

qsova. samwuxarod dReisaTvis mxolod erTeuli SemTxvevebia dafiqsirebuli, rac

fabrikuli qsovilis mravalferovnebis da xelmisawvdomobis pirobebSi xeliT naqsov

qsovilze dabali moTxovniTaa ganpirobebuli. faqtiurad dakargvis piras aris

meabreSumeobis tradicia, romelic saqarTveloSi V saukuneebidan dasturdeba. 57

gamokiTxuli ostatebidan mxolod 2-s hyavs abreSumis Wia da Tavisi moxmarebisTvis

iRebs mcire raodenobiT abreSumis Zafs.

Tumca, Sesabamisi reklamis da swori niSis moZebnis SemTxvevaSi xeliT naqsov qsovils

SesaZloa mniSvnelovani perspeqtivebi hqondes.

8.6.6. moCiTuli qsovili

moCiTuli qsovili dRes saqarTvelosTvis naklebad tradiciuli batikiTaa

warmodgenili. batika saqarTveloSi 90-ian wlebSi abreSumis moCiTvasTan erTad gaxda

popularuli. rogorc sxva mraval dargSi, gamokiTxulTa SedarebiT didi procenti

(50%-ze meti) Tbilisze modis. produqciis dizainis 81% Sereulia da mxolod

ostatebis 3.8% Tvlis, rom tradiciul dizainSi muSaobs. dRes ZiriTadad

gavrcelebulia batikis civi da cxeli teqnika.

iSviTobaa tradiciuli xis saCiTavi yalibebiT gaformebuli qsovilebi. am mxriv

aRsaniSnavia bolo wlebSi Tbilisis samxatvro akademiis iniciativa, romlis bazaze

ganxorcelebuli kvlevebis Sedegad moxda moCiTuli qsovilis da kerZod tradiciuli

lurji sufris damzadebis teqnologiis aRdgena da saxelosnos Seqmna, romelic

tradiciuliL negatiuri teqnikiT moCiTul lurj sufrebs amzadebs.

gvxvdeba kompiuteruli BbeWdviT Sesrulebuli lurji sufrebic, romlebic teqnikis

sruli meqanizaciis garda, xelovnuri qsovilis da anabeWdis dabali xarisxiT

gamoirCeva.

57 (თამარ ბრეგაძე; გამა რადიაციის გავლენა თუთის აბრეშუმმხვევიას ცხოველმყოფელობაზე. დისერტაცია http://www.nplg.gov.ge/dlibrary/collect/0002/000177/tamar%20bregadze%20disertacia.pdf).

samoseli pirveli

"სამოსელი პირველი" მომხმარებელს ქართულ ტრადიციულ სამოსს სთავაზობს, რომელიც თანამედროვე მოთხოვნების მიხედვით არის შექნილი. კომპანია განსაკუთრებულ ყურადღებას აქცევს ეროვნული სამოსის (როგორც ქალის, ისე მამაკაცის) და აქსესუარების წარმოებას, როგორებიცაა ჩოხის მასრები, ხანჯლები და სატევრები, ქალისა და მამაკაცის სარტყელები, საფულეები, ქისები, ქალისა და მამაკაცის ეროვნული სამოსის შესატყვისი ჩექმა, ფეხსაცმელი თუ მრავალი სხვა.



68

moCiTuli qsovilis produqcia warmoadgenilia SarfebiT, kedlis panoebiT, interieris

aqsesuarebiT, lurji sufrebiT. saintereso praqtikas wamoadgens kavSiri Tanamedrove

modis industriasTan kerZod, dargis mier qsovlis damzadeba Tanamedrove samosis

Sesaqmnelad. marTalia msgavsi kavSirebi dReisaTvis gamonaklisis xasiaTs atarebs,

magram SeiZleba ganxilul iqnas rogorc ganviTarebis erT-erT perspeqtiul

mimarTulebad, ara marto moCiTuli qsovilisTvis, aramed rewvis sxva dargebisTvisac.

amave dros unda aRiniSnos, rom moCiTul qsovilis produqcia araskmarisad iyenebs mis

xelT arsebul funqcionaluri mravalferovnebis SesaZleblobebs.

8.6.7. kerva

miuxedavad imisa, rom kerva sayofacxovrebo doneze yvelaze gavrcelebuli dargia

tradiciul rewvaSi mas sakmaod mcire adgili ukavia. teqstilis jgufSi kerva moCiTul

qsovilTan erTad yvelaze naklebad gavrcelebulia. gamokiTxul ostatTa mxolod 8%

aris dakavebuli kerviT. am kategoriaSi Sevida tradiciuli samosis kerva da iseTi

nawarmi, romelSic wamyvani roli sxva teqnikas ar ekuTvnis. mag. qvilTi (CanaWrebi),

Sekerili saTamaSoebi/Tojinebi da aqsesuarebi, sadac wamyvani naqargoba ar aris.

qvilTis produqcia sakmao popularobiT sargeblobs ostatebs Soris. produqciis

xarisxi da dizaini kervaSic sakmaod meryevia, maRalmxatvruli namuSevrebidan sakmaod

dabali donis nawarmamde.

gamoiyenebuli qsovili sakmaod mravalferovania, Tumca metwilad gamoiyeneba

importirebuli masalebi.

8.6.8. Rebva

naturaluri saRebavebiT Rebva (tutisRebva) kvlevaSi ar aris gamoyofili calke

teqnikad, vinaidan gamokiTxvebma aCvenes rom, rom ostatebis gansazRvruli raodenoba

nedleulis naturaluri saRebavebiT Rebvis teqnologias floben da praqtikaSi iyeneben

magram ZiriTadad mxolod piradi produqciis Sesaqmnelad da ara SeRebili

nedleulis damoukideblad realizaciis mizniT. rogorc wesi Telvis, dazgaze qsovis

ostatebi, da SedarebiT iSviaTad mqsovelebi, mxolod sakuTari moxmarebisTvis Rebaven

nedleuls, da ukve mza produqciis realizacias axdenen; Tumca interviuebis dros

bevrjer aRiniSna, rom naturaluri Rebva Zalze Sromatevadia, drois did

danakargebTan aris dakavSirebuli, da rom misaRebi fasis SemTxvevaSi isini mzad

iqnebodnen ukve mza naturalurad SeRebili nedleuli SeeZinaT.

8.6.9. keramika

keramikaSi gamokiTxul ostatTa 8.75%-ia dakavebuli, romlebSic qalebis da kacebis

wili daaxloebiT Tanabaria. miuxedavad statistikuri masalis ararsebobisa SeiZleba

iTqvas, rom keramikuli warmoeba sabWoTa periodis Semdeg sagrZnoblad Semcirda,

vinaidan funqionireba Sewyvita keramikulma qarxnebma TbilisSi, mcxeTaSi, iyalToSi,

zugdidSi.

dReisaTvis keramikuli warmoebiT gamoirCeva Tbilisi, sadac gamokiTxul ostatTa daax.

12%-ia keramikiT dakavebuli. amave dros dedaqalaqSi cxovrobs gamokiTxul

keramikosTa 46%. maRalia keramikosTa raodenobis maCvenebeli imereTSi - 19% da 14%

(vinaidan kvlevis dros ver moxda SroSis raionis srulad dafarva, savaraudod, es

maCveneblebi kidev ufro maRalia). aseve mcxeTa-mTianeTSi - (mcxeTa) 17% da 11%;

kaxeTSi (Telavi, iyalTo) keramikuli warmoeba SedarebiT “dakninebulia” da faqtiurad

danarCeni regionebis Tanabaria.



69

grafiki 16. gamokiTxul keramikosTa ganawileba mxareebis mixedviT

ZiriTadad vxvdebiT Camosxmul an Carxze amoyvanil produqcias, iSviaTad presiT an

xeliT naZerw nawarms.

calke unda aRiniSnos qvevris damzadebis teqnologia. aRsaniSnavia rom bolo

droisTvis saqarTveloSi sul ramdenime qvevris ostati iyo darCenili da dargi

dakargvis realuri safrTxis winaSe idga. Tumca, organizacia Living Roots-is damfuZnebelTan, q-n ia TabagarTan (igi mravali welia muSaobs saqarTveloSi Rvinis

turizmis ganviTarebaze, qvevris Rvinis popularizaciasa da aRiarebaze) siRrmiseul

interviuSi aRniSna rom 2013 wels iuneskos mier „qvevris Rvinis dayenebis uZvelesi

qarTuli tradiciuli meTodisTvis“ msoflio aramaterialuri memkvidreobis statusis

miniWebam da “qvevris Rvinis” popularizaciis mimdinare kampaniam ukve gamoiRo Sedegi

qarTuli aramaterialuri kulturis memkvidreobis am nawilis gadarCenisTvis.

dReisaTvis gazrdilia moTxovna qvevrebze ara marto qveynis SigniT, aramed gaCnda

ucxouri SekveTebic, rac am xelobis SenarCunebis did imedebs iZleva. ganviTarebis am

tendenciis SenarCunebis SemTxvevaSi aRniSnuli praqtika SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas,

rogorc dakargvis safrTxis winaSe myofi dargebis gadarCenisTvis sapopularizacio

kampaniis mniSvnelobis warmatebuli magaliTi.

am teqnologiuri jgufis gamorCeuli maxasiaTebelia maRali specialuri ganaTlebis

mqone pirebis procentuli wili. profesiul da umaRles saswavlebelSi SeZenili

codnis mqoneTa odenoba gamokiTxul ostatebSi 80%-s aRemateba, maSin rodesac

zogadad tradiciuli rewvisTvis es maCvenebeli mxolod 32%-ia.

es garemoeba ganapirobebs keramikuli nawarmis SedarebiT maRal xarisxs, Tumca

aRniSnuli potenciali srulad ar aris gamoyenebuli produqciis funqciis da dizainis

diversifikaciaSi.

keramikis produqcias ZiriTadad tradiciuli formebis da daniSnulebis WurWeli

warmoadgens, romelSic tradiciulad Rvinis WurWels wamyvani adgili ukavia. gvxvdeba

mcire zomis suvenirebi (magnitebi, doqebi a.S.), SedarebiT mcirea saxlis aqsesurebi da

sxva nawarmi. Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom ostatTa mxolod 14% miiCnevs Tavis

produqcias tradiciul dizainad da 86% Sereulad.

0.005.00

10.0015.0020.0025.0030.0035.0040.0045.0050.00

თბი

ლის

ი ქვ

ემო

ქარ

თლ

ი სა

მცხე

-ჯავ

ახეთ

ი იმ

ერეთ

ი გუ

რია

რ

აჭა-

ლეჩ

ხ., ქ

ვ. …

სა

მეგრ

ელო

-…

აჭარ

ა ში

და

ქარ

თლ

ი მც

ხეთ

ა-მთ

იანე

თი

კახე

თი

% გამოკითხულ

კერამიკოსებში მხარის % მხარეში გამოკითხულ ოსთატთა შორის კერამიკოსთა წილი



70

grafiki 17. keramikos ostatTa

ganawileba codnis SeZenis gzebis mixedviT

keramikaSi, sxva dargebTan SedarebiT metad SeimCneva gasxvaveba Tbilissa da regionebs

Soris produqciis xarisxsa da dizainSi. regionebSi metad aris gavrcelebuli

mouWiqavi keramika (kaxeTi, SroSa), xarisxi ZiriTadad dabali da saSualo. Warbobs

tradiciuli formebi (Rvinis WurWeli, kecebi, qvevrebi, Toneebi).

am mxriv gamorCeulia gori, sadac erTeulis saxiT, magram SenarCunebulia gorisTvis

tipiuri moWiquli keramika. Mmzaddeba Rvinis WurWeli, marnebi, romelTac sxvadasxva

tradiciuli antropomorfuli da zoomorfuli formebi aqvs.

Tbilisuri produqcia ZiriTadad saSualo da maRali xarisxisaa, umeteswilad

moWiquli. marTalia aqac sWarbobs tradiciuli formebi, magram bolo wlebSi SeimCneva

gamravalferovnebis tendencia da saerTaSoriso bazris mimdinareobebis

gaTvaliswinebis mcdeloba. gvxvdeba Tanamedrove WurWlis (yavisa da Cais nakrebebi da

sxva.) warmoebis SemTxvevebi.

produqciis tipis mxriv keramikul produqciaSi ramdenime ZiriTadi jgufi SeiZleba

gamoiyos.

- xalxuri sawyisebis keramika, romelic tradiciuli formebs imeorebs, Tumca maT

Sorisac arsebobs gansxvavebebi xarisxisa da dizainis donis TvalsazrisiT (goris

keramika, SroSis, kaxuri mouWiqavi keramika)

- samuzeumo aslebis Temaze, an maTi motivebiT STagonebuli keramikuli nawarmi

(Savpriala keramikis aslebi, kolxuri culebisa da brinjaos balTebisa da sartylebi

ornamentiT gaformebuli keramkuli suvenirebi da sxva)

- Tanamedrove WurWeli, tradiciuli ornamentebiT

- dabali xarisxis kiCizaciisken midrekili suveniruli produqcia

- maRali xarisxis da funqciuri suvenirebi

gamokiTxul ostatebSi gamovlinda 80-mde dasaxelebis produqcia. maTi 80%-ze meti 50

larze naklebi Rirebulebisaa. Sesabamisad zogad suraTTan SedarebiT keramikuli

nawarmSi sakmaod maRalia 50 larze Zviri Rirebulebis produqciis wili.

12%

2% 5%

17%

64%

თვითნასწავლი

სხვა ოსტატისგან

მემკვიდრეობით

პროფესიულ სასწავლებელში

უმაღლეს სასწავლებელში



71

gamoyenebul masalebSi ZiriTadad gamoiyeneba adgilobrivi Tixa. aRsaniSnavia, rom

ostatebs problemebi eqmnebaT nedleulis mopovebaze. arsebuli karierebidan Tixis

mopoveba, misi damuSaveba da realizacia legalurad ar mimdinareobs, Sesabamisad,

Tixis Sesyidvis kanonieri gzebi Zalze SezRudulia. keramikosTa umetesobas uwevs

ukanoni gzebiT moipovos masala, rac Tavis mxriv, did problemas uqnis dargis Semdgom

ganviTarebas.

გიორგი ტატულაშვილი

კერამიკოსი

გორი, ნინოშვილია ქ. 10

ტელ: +995 599 275568, +370 27 0029

ელ-ფოსტა: [email protected]

XIX საუკუნეში და XX საუკუნის დასაწყისში

საქართველოში განსაკუთრებით ცნობილი იყო

გორის მოჭიქული კერამიკა, რომელიც გამოირჩეოდა

სტილის მრავალფეროვნებით. აქ მზადდებოდა

როგორც ყვითელჭიქურიანი მწვანე საღებავებით

მოხატული კერამიკა, ისე მოიასამნისფერო ჭიქურზე

მწვანე საღებავებით შესრულებული ორნამენტული

სახეები.

სწორედ ამ ტრადიციების გამგრძელებელი, ქალაქ

გორში მცხოვრები ოსტატი გიორგი ტატულაშვილია.

ხელობა წინაპრებისგან ისწავლა . ხალხურ

კერამიკაზე მუშაობდნენ მისი ბაბუა და მამა. წლების

წინ ბატონი გიორგის სახლი გორში საზოგადოებრივი

თავშეყრის ადგილს წარმოადგენდა. მის

სახელოსნოში XIX საუკუნის შეშის ღუმელია

შემორჩენილი, რომელიც მის ბაბუას ეკუთვნოდა.

ტატულაშვილების კერამიკა განთქმული იყო გორში

და საპატიო სტუმრები ყოველთვის მათი სახელოსნოს

დასათვალიერებლად მიჰყავდათ მასპინძლებს.

ბატონი გიორგის მოჭიქული ჭურჭელი

მრავალფეროვანია. ამზადებს ფიალებს, დოქებს,

სამქვევრებს, ჯამებს, სამაწვნე ქილებს და სხვა ღვინის

თუ საყოფაცხოვრებო ნივთებს. გამორჩეულია მისი

თეთრ ჭიქურიანი ჭურჭელი, რომელზეც ცისფერი

საღებავებით მცენარეული ორნამენტია დატანილი



72

cxrili 6 produqciis ganawileba fasebis mixedviT

produqciis fasi

% ganawileba

keramikul nawarmSi

% ganawileba mTlianad

rewvaSi

<20 44.58 32.9%

21-50 37.35 28.9%

51-100 8.43 13.0%

101-500 7.23 16.4%

501-1000 2.41 4.0%

>1000

4.6%

kvlevis dros gamovlinda, rom keramikaSi arsebobs ganviTarebis realuri potenciali

da Sesazlebelia moxdes sawarmoTa raodenobis zrda uaxloves momavalSi. aRniSnuli,

sxva maCveneblebTan erTad, mniSvnelovnad iqneba ganpirobebuli qarTuli spirtiani

sasmelebis (Rvino, WaWa) eqsportis zrdiT, vinaidan Rvinis sasaCuqre produqciisTvis

xSirad swored keramikuli WurWeli gamoiyeneba. aseve mniSvnelovani wvlili

keramikuli sawarmoebis ganviTarebaSi SesaZloa qondes kulturuli memkvidreobis

Zeglebis reabilitaciaSi adgilobrivi keramikuli kramitis gamoyenebas.

8.6.10. minanqari

rogorc aRiniSna minanqris teqnologiis aRdgena saqarTveloSi meoce saukunis bolos

moxda, rewvis ostatebSi ki gansakuTrebuli popularoba bolo 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi

moipova. am dargSi momuSave ostatTa 70%-is staJi 10 welze nklebia da maT 32%-s

minanqarze muSaoba sxva ostatisgan aqvT naswavli. swored es garemoeba ganapirobebs

minanqris gavrcelebis da produqciis Taviseburebebs.

geografiuli ganawilebis TvalsazrisiT mkveTrad aris gamorCeuli minanqris

koncentracia qalaqebSi (gamokiTxul ostatTa 44% TbilisSi, xolo 91% urbanul

zonaSi cxovrobs), rac logikuria SedarebiT “axali” dargisTvis. am teqnologiur

jgufSi gamoiyo 3 teqnika: Weduri, tixruli da ferweruli minanqari. 46 gamokiTxul

ostatTagan 43 muSaobs tixrul minanqarSi, 9 ostati ferwerulSi da mxolod 2 ostati

WedurSi (SeniSvna: zogierTi ostati 2 an 3 teqnikas flobs).

produqciaSi funqcionaluri TvalsazrisiT sWarbobs samkaulebi, SedarebiT mcire

raodenobaa kompoziciebi. sul gamovlinda 120-mde dasaxelebis produqcia. minanqris

produqciisTvis damaxasiaTebelia Sereuli dizainis siWarbe – ostatTa 62.2% Tavisi

namuSevrebs swored am kategorias akuTvnebs. savaraudod, am garemoebam mniSvnelovnad

Seuwyo xeli minanqris gansakuTrebul popularobas saqarTveloSi.

funqcionaluri daniSnulebidan, gamoyenebuli masalebidan (oqro, vercxli, spilenZi,

minanqari) da Tavad teqnologiis Sromatevadobidan gamomdinare minanqris produqciis

Rirebuleba saSualo maCveneblebze maRalia (ixileT cxrili 7)



73

cxrili 7. produqciis ganawileba fasebis mixedviT

produqciis fasi

% ganawileba minanqris

nawarmSi

% ganawileba mTlianad

rewvaSi

<20 23.58 32.9%

21-50 22.64 28.9%

51-100 18.87 13.0%

101-500 23.58 16.4%

501-1000 4.72 4.0%

>1000 6.60 4.6%

amgvarad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom minanqris produqciis saSualo fasi sakmaod maRalia,

daaxloebiT 280 lari.

bolo wlebSi minanqris produqciis popularoba gamowveulia, rogorc minanqris

samkaulis didi mowonebiT adgilobriv da ucxoel momxmarebelTa Soris, ise

dasaqmebaze orientirebul specialur kursebSi minanqris swavlebis CarTviT. Tumca,

amavdroulad, yovelive aman Seqmna xarisxis problemac, romelic naklebad

gaTviTcnobierebuli myidvelisTvis SesaZloa yuradRebis miRma darCes.

amasTan minanqris ostatebis umetesoba ar flobs oqromWedlobis teqnikebs, Sesabamisad,

xdeba namuSevrebisTvis formebis SekveTa, an mza formebs SeZena, rac garkveulwilad

minanqris produqciis standartizacias iwvevs.

8.6.11. xis damuSaveba

rogorc kvlevam aCvena xis mxatvruli damuSaveba dResac erT-erT mniSvnelovan dargs

warmoadgens. masze modis ostatTa 22.81%. es dargi sakmaod gansxvavdeba tradiciuli

rewvis sxva dargebisgan Tavisi geografiuli ganawilebiT da sqesobriv-asakobrivi

struqturiT.

upirveles yovlisa unda aRiniSnos, rom xis damuSavebaSi maRalia soflis mosaxleobis

wili – 38% maSin, rodesac tradiciuli rewvis saerTo saSualo maCvenebeli mxolod

28%-ia. SedarebiT mcirea Tbilisis wili (13.95%) gamokiTxul xis ostatebs Soris, iseve

rogorc xis damuSavebiT dakavebulTa wili TbilisSi mcxovreb ostatebSi (9.5%). maSin

rodesac es ukanaskneli raWa-leCxumisTvis 64.71%-s aRwevs. am regionze modis

gamokiTxul xis ostatTa 12.8%, Tumca, savaraudod, es maCvenebeli gaizrdeba leCxumis

sruli monacemebis analizisas. xeze kveTis ostatTa mniSvnelovani raodenoba modis

aseve imereTze da samcxe-javaxeTze (ix. cxrili).

rogorc mosalodneli iyo, xis damuSaveba xasiaTdeba mamakacebis maRali procentuli

SemadgenlobiT - 89.5%. maSin rodesac, saSualod tradiciuli rewvaSi mamakacebis wili

mxolod 37.7%-ia. asakobrivi TvalsazrisiT yvelaze didi raodenoba 46-55 wlamde

asakobiriv jgufze modis - 25.58%. sakmaod dabalia axalgazrdaTa wili, 35 wlamde

ostatebze modis mxolod 20.93%. asakobriv struqturasTan erTad Tu imasac

gaviTvaliswinebT, rom xis damuSavebaSi gansakuTrebiT maRalia didi “staJis” mqone

ostatTa raodenoba da Zalze mcirea axalmosulTa wili, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom am

dargSi daberebis realuri tendencia SeimCneva.



74

grafiki 18. gamokiTxuli xis ostatebis regionaluri ganawileba

grafiki 19. xis ostatebis ganawileba staJis mixedviT

amave dros aRniSvnis Rirsia is faqtic, rom, rogorc statistikuri monacemebi

cxadyofs, xeze kveTaSi gansakuTrebiT maRalia im ostatebis wili, romlebmac codna

“araformaluri ganaTlebis” gziT miiRes (TviTnaswavli, sxva ostatisgan da

memkvidreobiT: jamSi 62%). SesaZloa swored es ganapirobebs xeze kveTis produqciis

iseT Taviseburebebs, rogoricaa tradiciuli dizainis maRali % (46.51%) da Tanamedrove

dizanis umniSvnelo wili (8.14%) funqcionaluri daniSnulebis mixedviT ZiriTadad

iwarmoeba aveji, sayofacxovrebo WurWeli, saeklesio nivTebi, mcirea samkaulis da

dekoratiuli nivTebis wili. mniSvnelovani wili uWiravs saeklesio daniSnulebis xeze

namuSevrebs. maT Sorisaa eklesiebis karebebi, kankelebi, analoRiebi, xatebi, jvrebi da

sxva. aRsaniSnavia tradiciuli avejis warmoeba, rac ZiriTadad moicavs skam-loginebs,

skamebs, sakarcxulebs, sajalaboebs, samfexa savarZlebs, dabal tabla magidebs,

skivrebs da sxva.

0.0010.0020.0030.0040.0050.0060.0070.00

თბი

ლის

ი

ქვემ

ო ქ

ართ

ლი

სამც

ხე-ჯ

ავახ

ეთი

იმერ

ეთი

გურ

ია

რაჭ

ა-ლ

ეჩხუ

მი, …

სამე

გრელ

ო-…

აჭარ

ა

შიდ

ა ქა

რთ

ლი

მცხე

თა-

მთია

ნეთ

ი

კახე

თი

%

გამოკითხულ ხის ოსტატთა განაწილება მხარეების მიხედვით (%)

მხარეების მიხედვით გამოკითხულ ოსტატთა შორის ხეზე მომუშავეთა % შემადგენლობა

0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00

< 1 წელი

1 - 5 წელი

6 - 10 წელი

11 - 20 წელი

> 20 წელი

%



75

სოფელი მარადიდი

xelvaCauris municipaliteti

sofeli maradidi, xelvaCauris municipalitetSi, mdinare Woroxis marcxena

mxares mdebareobs. am lamaz sofelSi akvnebis keTeba uZveless tradicias

warmoadgenda. TiTqmis yovel ojaxSi mamakaci am saqmiT iyo dakavebuli.

magram akvanma Tavisi funqcia Tanamedrove cxovrebaSi dakarga da soflis

mosaxleoba nel-nela anebebs Tavs aRniSnul saqmianobas.

axmed svaniZe: ” erTxel mamaCema akvani moitana saxlSi Sevxede davinteresdi

da mamas vTxove eswavlebina CemTvis”

qemal bedinaZe: ” 30 welia akvnebs vamzadeb. trdiciis mixedviT akvnis arc

dawva arc gadagdeba ar SeiZleba. akvnebis keTeba mama-papidan modis da mec

Cems Svilebs vaswavle rom ar daikargos da SenarCundes.

alik didmaniZe ” akvnebis keTeba biZaSvilma maswavla, dResac vakeTeb, radgan

es aris is saqme romelic gansakuTrebiT miyvars.

sofeli maradidis stumroba gansakuTrebul STabeWdilebas axdens

mogzaurze. aq mosul stumars lamazi buneba da adgilobrivi meakvneebis

saxelosnoebi daxvdeba.

ზაზა გათენაშვილი

xeze kveTis ostati

misamarTi: devnilTa dasaxleba,

q. 14, bina 8, werovani, mcxeTa-mTianeTis municipaliteti

tel/ Tel: +995 593650894

zaza gaTenaSvili werovanSi devnilTa dasaxlebaSi cxovrobs da mravali welia

qarTul tradiciul avejs, xis skivrebs, larnakebs, niRbebs da sayofacxovrebo

nivTebs amzadebs. misi xis namuSevrebi tradiciuli qarTuli xalxuri ornamentebis

da formebis gamoyenebiT aris Seqmnili da amave dros ostatis TviTmyofadi

xelweriT gamoirCeva.

vcxovrobdi axalgorSi, xeze kveTa mamam maswavla, romelic ormoci wlis

ganmavlobaSi aswavlida da dResac aswavlis bavSvTa saxlSi” - ambobs batoni zaza..-

mamis swavlebis Semdeg aTi weli sxva ostatTan viare da gaviRrmave codna. dRes

Tavad myavs moswavleebi. muSaobis procesSi Zvel qarTul ornamentebs da muzeumSi

daculi eqsponatebis nimuSebs viyeneb. adre Tu katalogebis mixedviT vmuSaobdi

dRes imdenad gamjdari maqvs qarTuli ornamentebi, rom yovelgvari Canaxatis

gareSe vmuSaob.”



76

aRniSnuli teqnologiuri jgufis mcire nawils warmoadgens tradiciuli xuroobac, rac gulisxmobs Wviruli aivnebis, saxlebis mSeneblobas da zogadad, tradiciuli xis xalxur arqiteqturasTan dakavSirebul codnas (raWa, samegrelo da sxva). aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis es elementi rTulad identificirebadia, radgan ostatTa umetesoba, dReisaTvis moTxovnis klebasTan erTad, am mimarTulebiT aRar muSaobs, TumcaRa flobs aRniSnul unarebs. Sesabamisad, winamdebare kvlevaSi, sadac validuroba ganisazRvreboda produqciisa da biznes aqtivobis mixedviT, mravali aseTi ostati ver moxvda, imdenad ramdenadac amJamad mxolod sadurglo saqmiT aris dakavebulni. xis produqciaSi calke jgufs qmnis tradiciuli musikaluri instrumentebi, romelTa

umetesobac xisgan mzaddeba: Congurebi, fandurebi, salamurebi. maTi ZiriTadi

momxmarebeli folkloruli ansamblebi da zogjer ucxoeli turistebic arian. am

mxriv, unda gamoiyos bolo dros bazarze gaCenili xis miniaturuli sakravebi,

romlebic sasuveniro xasiaTisaa.

fasis TvalsazrisiT, 50 laramde produqciis raodenoba saSualosTan SedarebiT

mcirea. gansakuTrebiT maRalia 1000 larze Zviriani nivTebis wili, rasac teqnologiuri

jgufis produqciis funqcionaluri kategoriebis Tavisebureba, kerZod avejis

mniSvnelovani wili, ganapirobebs.

cxrili 8. xis namuSevrebis ganawileba fasis mixedviT

Rirebuleba larebSi % ganawileba xis produqciaSi

% ganawileba mTlianad rewvaSi

<20 26.98 32.9%

21-50 20.63 28.9%

51-100 14.29 13.0%

101-500 20.63 16.4%

5001-1000 5.82 4.0%

>1000 11.64 4.6%

xis damuSavebaSi ZiriTadi gamovlenili problemebi nedleulis mopovebas Seexeba.

vinaidan xis Wra mkacrad kontrolirebad sferos warmoadgens, xSirad ostatebs ar

aqvT SesaZlebloba moipovon maTTvis gamosadegi erTiani xis masala. kvlevis dros

gamovlinda, rom swored am mizeziT raWaSi faqtiurad aRar mzaddeba tradiciuli xis

sawnaxelebi (xorgoebi), romelTa damzadebisTvis gamoiyeneboda erTiani Txilis merqani.

Sesabamisad es tradicia dakargvis safrTxis winaSe dgas.

xis damuSavebaSi gamoikveTa dakargvis winaSe mdgomi kidev ori mimarTuleba, Tumca am

SemTxvevaSi aRniSnuli funqciis moZvelebiT aris gamowveuli. aRniSnuli dargebia

akvnebis da navebis damzadeba. akvnebis damzadebiT gansakuTrebiT gamoirCeva sofeli

maradidi (xelvaCauris municipaliteti) sadac kvlevis dros gamokiTxul iqna akvnebis

damzadebiT dakavebuli 3 ostati. Tumca cnobilia, rom XX saukunis II naxevarSi MmTeli

sofeli am xelobiT irCenda Tavs. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom xdeba ara mxolod akvnis

damzadebis teqnikis, aramed Tavad soflisTvis Semosavlis wyaros da unikalobis

dakargvac.

calke unda aRiniSnos CiCilakis damzadebis teqnologia, romelic ZiriTadad guriaSia

gavrcelebuli. saaxalwlod CiCilakis popularoba am tradiciis SenarCunebis

mniSvnelovani winapirobaa, Tumca meCiCilake ostatebi arcTu xSiria.

77

8.6.12. liTonis damuSaveba

liTonis damuSaveba CarTuli ostatebis raodenobis mixedviT mTliani tradiciuli

rewvis 10.88% Seadgens. rogorc mosalodneli iyo liTonis damuSavebiT dakavebul

ostatTa 85.4% mamakacia. asakobrivi sturqtura, marTalia ZiriTadad emTxveva

tradiciuli rewvis zogad suraTs - wamyvani adgilis 36-45 da 46-55 asakobriv jgufebs

ekuTvnis (gamokiTxulTa 31.7% da 24.4%) - magram, rewvaSi dakavebul mamakacTa asakobriv

sturqturasTan SedarebiT, dargis mniSvnelovani siaxalgazrdave SeimCneva, vinaidan 55

wels zemoT jgufze mxolod 24.1% modis maSin, rodesac zogadad mamakacebisTvis es

maCvenebeli 40.6%-s Seadgens. miuxedavad amisa, gamokiTxulTa 48.9% ukve 20 welze metia

muSaobs. maT Soris arc erTi ostats ar aqvs 6 welze naklebi staJi. es calsaxad

miuTiTebs 90-iani wlebis bolos saqarTveloSi liTonis damuSavebis aRmavlobaze.

mxareebis mixediT liTonis damuSaveba yvelaze metad gavrcelebulia raWa-leCxumSi da

samcxe-javaxeTSi, razec miuTiTebs tradiciul rewvaSi CarTulTa Soris liTonis

damuSavebis ostatebis maRali procentruli wili (ix. grafiki 19).

grafiki 20. liTonis damuSavebis ostatTa regionaluri ganawileba

raWa-leCxumi aseve liderobs 1 sul mosaxleze liTonis damuSavebaSi CabmulTa %

raodenobiT (0.0078%) da 6-jer aRemateba Tbilisis (0.0012%) maCvenebels. liTonis

damuSavebis kerebidan gansakuTrebuli aRniSvnis Rirsia sof. Rebi (onis raioni). maTi

produqcia ZiriTadad sasoflo-sameurneo moxmarebisaa da ar warmoadgens sasaCuqre

bazris nawils, Tumca rogorc samWedlo saqmis moqmedi centri is umniSvnelovanesia

aramaterialuri kulturuli mekvidreobis TvalsazrisiT.

liTonis damuSavebaSi codnis gadacemis procentuli ganawileba emTxveva tradiciuli

rewvis ZiriTad tendenciebs. yvelaze maRali procenti TviTnaswavl ostatebze modis

(26.83%), Tumca maRalia saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebSi naswavlTa jamuri

maCvenebelic (43.9%)

0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00

თბილისი

შიდა ქართლი

აჭარა

რაჭა-ლეჩხუმი, ქვემო …

სამეგრელო/ზემო სვან.

იმერეთი

კახეთი

სამცხე-ჯავახეთი

მცხეთა-მთიანეთო

ქვემო ქართლი

გურია

%

მხარეში გამოკითხულ ოსტატთა შორის ლთ.დამჲშავების ოსტატთა წილი გამოკითხულ ლით. დამუშავების ოსტატთა შორის მხარის %



78

teqnikis TvalsazrisiT gamokiTxul ostatTa 68% flobs Wedurobas, 39% saiuveliro

saqmes da 10% Camosxmas. Tumca produqcia ar gamoirCeva didi mravalferovnebiT.

ZiriTadad warmodgenilia samkaulebi, iaraRi (xanjlebi, danebi), saeklesio nivTebi.

faqtiurad ar gvxvdeba saojaxo daniSnulebis nivTebi, gamonaklisia LliTonis aveji.

dizainis TvalsazrisiT avtorTa 46% Tavis produqcias tradiciulad miiCnevs, 43% _

Sereulad da mxolod 11% _ Tanamedroved. fasis TvalsazrisiT liTonis produqcia

gamoirCeva maRali RirebulebiT. 50 larze naklebi Rirebulebisaa produqciis

saxeobebis 33.33%, maSin rodesac es maCvenebeli saSualod rewvisTvis 61.8%-s Seadgens.

cxrili 9. liTonis damuSavebis produqciis

ganawileba fasis mixedviT

Rirebuleba

larebSi

% ganawileba liTonis

damuSavebaSi

% ganawileba

mTlianad rewvaSi

<20 16.13 % 32.9%

21-50 17.20% 28.9%

51-100 15.05% 13.0%

101-500 31.18% 16.4%

501-1000 9.68% 4.0%

>1000 10.75% 4.6%

liTonis nawarmSi SeiZleba gamovyoT ramodenime ZiriTadi jgufi:

- meiaraReoba, romelic sakmaod popularulia, maT Soris axalgazrdebSi. es

ZiriTadad moicavs danebis, xmlebis, xanjlebis Wedvas da mxatvrul damuSavebas.

zogierTi ostati mxolod mWedelia, am SemTxvevaSi maTi nawarmis mxatvrulad

gaformebas sxva ostatebi asruleben.

- sameurneo daniSnulebis nawarmi, romelic soflebSi SemorCenili xalxuri

xelosnobis tradiciebiT sazrdoobs. am mxriv gamorCeuli mWedelTa sofeli _ Rebi.

- samkauli, romlis mxatvruli gaformebisTvis gamoiyeneba filigrani, (grexili),

sevada, iSviaTi gamonaklisis saxiT gvxvdeba cvaras teqnikiT Serulebuli nimuSebi.

- samuzeumo aslebi, romlebic Tanamedrove tradiciuli rewvis mniSvnelovan

nawils warmoadgens. es ZiriTadad winaqristianuli liTonmqandakeblobis nimuSebia,

romlebic sxvadasxva muzeumebis koleqciebSi inaxeba. aRniSnuli produqcia aseve

xasiaTdeba xarisxis gansxvavebuli doniT. Tu zogierTi namuSevari, Sesrulebis maRali

xarisxiT da Sesabamisad, maRali fasiT xasiaTdeba, dabalfasiani produqcia, romelSic

xSirad gamoyenebulia iaffasiani masalebi, (wvrili mZivi, biJuteria), dabali xarisxiT

gamoirCeva.

- kiCizaciisken midrekili melxioris dekoratiuli suvenirebi, iaraRi, Tasebi,

yanwebi, da sxva.

- Weduroba, romelic ZiriTdad saeklesio nivTebisTvis gamoiyeneba, xatebi

eklesiebis karebebi da sxva. aRniSnuli dargi Sua saukuneebis Weduri xelovnebis

nimuSebis ikonografiasa da ornamentul saxeebs iyenebs. amave teqnologiiT sruldeba

dekoratiuli kompoziciebi, romlebic xSirad sabWoTa periodSi erovnul motivebze

Seqmnili kompoziciebis tradiciebs agrZelebs.



79

giorgi iakobaSvili

gliptikis ostati

misamarTi: nucubiZis IIImkr, I kvart., X korpusi, bina № 8, Tbilisi,

tel: +995 593338157

saqarTveloSi gliptika, Zvirfass qvaze kveTis xelovneba uZvelesi

droidan aris cnobili.

Tanamedrove gliptikis ostatTa Soris gansakuTrebuli adgili ukavia

giorgi iakobaSvilis Semoqmedebas. batoni giorgi mravali welia

Zvirfass da naxevrad Zvirfass qveze kveTis xelovnebiT aris dakavebuli da

ZiriTadad saeklesio Temaze muSaobs. is amzadebs xatebs, patara

zardaxSebs, zarebs bibliuri siuJetebiT, jvrebs da aseve kameebs.

17 wlidan vmuSaob am sferoSi. Tavdapirvelad qandakebaze vswavlobdi da

Semdeg nel-nela gliptikam damainteresa” - ambobs batoni giorgi -

ZiriTadad saeklesio nivTebze vmuSaob. tradiciuli Tematika wamyvania

Cems namuSevrebSi. magram vfiqrob, rom mainc Tavisufali var

SemoqmedebiTad da TiToeuli namuSevarisadmi Cemeuli midgoma da xedva

maqvs yovelTvis.”

ostatis namuSevrebi maRali mxatvruli RirebulebiT da Sesrulebis

gansakuTrebuli ostatobiT gamoirCeva. TiToeuli namuSevari

damoukidebeli xelovnebis nimuSia.

am teqnologiur jgufis problemebs Soris SeiZleba davasaxeloT Zvirfasi liTonebis

qveynidan gatanasTan dakavSirebuli problema, romelic xels uSlis oqromWedelTa

namuSevrebis eqsports.

8.6.13. qva/Zvali

qvis damuSavebas tradiciuli rewvis seqtorSi 3.98% uWiravs, rac am mimarTulebiT

mdidari tradiciebis mqone qveynisTvis gansakuTrebiT dabalia. Tumca aqve unda

aRiniSnos, rom iseve rogorc xeze kveTas, qvis damuSavebasac farTo gamoyeneba aqvs

saeklesio xuroTmoZRvrebaSi. amdenad, qvaze kveTis ostatebis Sroma xSirad

Sewirulobaa, rac ver CaiTvleba biznes aqtivobad, romelic, rogorc araerTxel

aRiniSna, kvlevis erT-erT umniSvnelovanes kriteriums warmoadgenda. aseve, aRniSnul

teqnologiur jgufTan dakavSirebiT unda iTqvas, rom qvaze kveTis umniSvnelovanes

nawils warmoadgens qandakeba, romelic, rogorc saxviTi xelovnebis dargi ar Sedioda

winamdebare kvlevis farglebSi, (garkveuli gamonaklisebis garda, rodesac mcire

plastikis nimuSebi aSkara “xalxuri” sawyisebiTaa nasazrdoebi).

naxevradZvirfasi qvebis damuSavebis mxriv unda aRiniSnos gliptika,

romelic Zvirfas liTonSi Casmuli kameebisa da intalioebiT Semkuli samkaulisa da

miniaturuli saeklesio nivTebis, mcire zomis xatebis da sanawileebis saxiT gvxvdeba.



80

naxevradZvirfasi qvebis damuSavebaSi SeiZleba gamoiyos giSris mxatvruli damuSaveba

tyibulis raionSi, sadac giSerSi vercxlisa da oqros inkrustaciiT formdeba da

sakmaod originaluri namuSevrebi iqmneba. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom adgilobrivad

arsebuli giSris resuresebis miuxedavad, nedleulis mompovebeli industriis

ararsebobis gamo ostatebs masalis mopovebis kuTxiT mniSvnelovani problemebi

eqmnebaT.

am dargSi calke aRniSvnis Rirsia qvis kecebis damzadeba. kvlevis dros guriis

regionSi gamovlinda ori ostati, romlebic agrZelebs qvis kecebis damzadebas, rac,

Tavis mxriv, am xelobis dakargvis realur safrTxeze miuTiTebs.

8.6.14. mina, tyavis da qaRaldis damuSaveba

minis, tyavis da qaRaldis damuSaveba qarTul tradiciul rewvaSi dReisaTvis Zalzed

mwirad aris warmodgenili. am dargSi muSaobs gamokiTxul ostatTa Sesabamisad 0.53%,

1.86% da 0.53%. Sesabamisad Zalze mcirea gamokiTxul ostatTa absoluturi raodenoba

(Sesabamisad 2, 7 da 2), ris gamoc raodenobrivi maCveneblebis ilustrirebis gareSe

warmovadgenT ZiriTad dakvirvebebs.

mina mniSvnelovan kriziss ganicdis, rac pirvel yovlisa ganpirobebulia am dargis

infrastruqturuli sistemis rRveviT da teqnologiuri sirTuleebiT. moiTxovs ra

maRal temperaturas, rogorc wesi namuSevrebi iqmneboda ara individualur

saxelosnoebSi, aramed minis sawarmoebSi arsebul RumelebSi. amJamad minis sawarmoebis

raodenoba mcirea, aRniSnuli kavSirebis darRvevis, ostatebs aRar miuwvdebaT xeli

Rumelebze da Sesabamisad veRar qmnian namuSevrebs. Dargis aRorZienis susti

mcdelobebia Tbilisis samxatvro akademiis saswavlo bazaze, tumca saerTo jamSi es

minis ganviTarebis zogad suraTs ver cvlis.

tyavis damuSaveba. miuxedavad imisa, rom tyavis damuSaveba da Semdgomi gamoyeneba

qveynis masStabiT mimdinareobs (ikereba fexsacmeli, CanTebi) tradiciuli

teqnologiebisa da dizainis gamoyeneba sakmaod iSviaTia.

am mimarTulbiT ZiriTadad vxvdebiT aqsesuarebis _ samkaulis, Tmisamagrebis, CanTebisa

da safulebis gaformebas.

tradiciuli rewvis sxva dargebs wnuls, qaRaldis, rqis da sxva masalaTa damuSavebas

mcire nawili uWiravs. rqisgan rogorc wesi, mzaddeba tradiciuli yanwebi, romelic

popularuli sasmisi da sasuvenire produqciaa.

wnuli produqcia ZiriTadad moicavs kalaTebs, godrebs, gidels, dekoratiul vazebs

da a.S. wnuli nawarmis mniSvnelovani centrebi gvxvdeba qarTlSi, imereTSi, guriasa da

aWaraSi. is iwarmoeba, rogorc piradi moxmarebisTvis, ise Semdgomi realizaciis mizniT.

magram unda aRiniSnos, rom rewvis es dargi saTanado biznes midgomis da marketingis

pirobebSi mniSvnelovani potencialis matarebelia.


1. dReisaTvis saqarTveloSi praqticirebs qveynisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli

tradiciuli rewvis yvela ZiriTadi teqnologiuri jgufi

2. teqstili tradiciul rewvis dargebSi yvelaze gavrcelebulia, masze modis

gamokiTxul ostatTa 49.07%. danarCeni dargebis ganawileba Semdegia: keramika 8.75, mina

0.53, minanqari 11.94, xis damuSaveba 22.81, tyavis damuSaveba 1.86, qaRaldis damuSaveba 0.53,

liTonis damuSaveba 10.88, qvis/Zvlis damuSaveba 3.98, Sereuli 2.92, sxva 1.06.



81

3. dargebi mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba sqesobrivi struqturiT. kacebis maRali %

wili aRiniSneba liTinos (85.4%) da xis damuSavebaSi (85.5%), qalebi Warbobs teqstilSi

(99.06%)

4. dargebSi ostatTa daberebis tendencia SeimCneva xis damuSavebaSi, sadac 35

wlamde asakis ostatTa % mxolod 20.93%-ia da aseve mcirea axalmosulTa wili

5. gamovlinda dakargvis winaSe mdgomi tradiciebi: akvnebis, navebis, qvis kecebis

damzadeba, meabreSumeoba, selis qsovilis warmoeba, tolis qsova. am mimarTulebiT

mxolod erTeuli ostatebi arian SemorCenilni. xelSewyobas saWiroebs aseve qvevrebis,

sawnaxelebis damzadeba. teqstilidan SedarebiT mcired aris warmodgenili wyliT,

oqromkerdiT qargva.

6. gamovlinda tradiciuli rewvis rigi dargebis aRdgenis warmatebuli magaliTebi:

luri sufra, minanqari, batika.

7. rig dargebSi, kerZod qargvaSi, keramikaSi SeimCneva regionaluri avTenturobis

ganmansxvavebeli niSnebis waSla, rac erTferovans qmnis tradiciuli rewvis

produqciis bazars

8. adgilobriv bunebriv resursebze dafuZnebuli dargebis mniSvnelovan problemas

warmoadgens nedleulis xelmisawvdomoba, rac zogadad infrastruqturis gaumarTaobiT

da/an, erTi mxriv mopovebiTi dargebis (mag. giSris) arasaTanado muSaobiT da meores

mxriv dawesebuli SezRudvebiT (mag. xis Wra) aris gamowveuli.

8.7. saxelosnoebi da danadgarebi

tradiciuli rewvis TiTqmis yvela dargi produqciis warmoebisTvis saWiroebs

saTanadod aRWurvil saxelosnos. teqnologiuri jgufebis mixedviT samuSao pirobebi

da Sesabamisad saxelosnoebis teqnikuri moTxovnebi erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdeba,

magaliTad, rogorc kvlevam daadastura, keramikis, minis, liTonis, xis ostatebs

auciloblad esaWiroebaT damoukidebeli samuSao farTi, maSin rodesac minanarqris

ostatebis nawili specialuri saxelosnos gareSe, saxlSi muSaobs. yvelaze naklebad

saxelosnos problema teqstilis qvedargebs (qargva, Cxirze qsova) aqvT. rogorc

aRiniSna, teqstilis teqnologiur jgufSi ZiriTadad diasaxlisi qalebi arian

dasaqmebulni, romlebic saojaxo saqmis paralelurad saxlebSi muSaoben. rac Seexeba

fardagebis, an sxva msgavsi didi zomis produqciis saxelosnoebs, isini, ZiriTadad am

dargSi moRvawe organizaciebis, saganmanaTleblo skolebis, an sxva kerZo Tu

profesiuli saswavleblebis bazebiT sargebloben (mag. sapatriarqos samrevalo).

Sesabamisad saqarTvelos teritoriaze arsebuli saxelosnoebis klasifikacia

Semdegnairadaa SesaZlebeli:

• saxelosno, romelic ostatis binaSi an saxlSia.

• saziaro, kerZo saxelosno, romlebSic erTi dargis ramodenime ostati muSaobs

• saxelmwifo dawesebulebebTan arsebuli skola-saxelosnoebi, maT Soris

saxelmwifo universitetebTan (Tbilisis saxelmwifo samxatvro akademia), municipalur

saxelovnebo skolebTan. amave kategorias SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT sapatriarqos samrevlo

skolebTan arsebuli saxelosnoebi.

• sxvadasxva arasamTavrobo da donori organizaciebis mxardaWeriT Seqmnili

saxelosnoebi

• organizaciebisa da sawarmoebis saxelosnoebi



82

kvlevis Sedegebis analizma aCvena, rom ostatebis umetesoba 60.76% saxlSi muSaobs.

sakuTari saxelosno gaaCniaT ostatebis 33.51% procents. aseve niSandoblivia, rom

mxolod 3% qiraobs farTs saxelosnosTvis.

saxelosnoebi mravalferovania, rogorc teqnologiuri, ise infrastruqturuli

mowyobis TvalsazrisiT. Tu maTi erTi nawili (sakmaod mcire) saTanadod aris

aRWurvili, meore nawili didi potencialis miuxedavad, saWiroebs mniSvnelovan

infrastruqturul mxardaWeras _ danadgarebis ganaxlebas, farTis optimalur

aTvisebas, interieris saTanado ganaxleba-gaformebas.

tradiciuli rewvis warmoebis ganviTarebas xels uSlis iaraRebisa da danagdarebis

arasrulyofilad gamoyenebis problemac. rac ganpirobebulia umeteswilad saxsrebis

uqonlobiT, magram aseve teqnologiuri inovaciis mniSvnelobis arasaTandod gaazrebiT.

xSiras ostatebi ar arian informirebulebi im teqnologiuri siaxleebis Sesaxeb, rac

wundebuli produqciis minimalizacias da Sromis ekonomiis wyarod Sesazlebelia

iqces. rig SemTxevebSi, ki am teqnologiebze wvdomac aris garTulebuli.

mniSvnelovan problemas warmoadgens tradiciuli rewvis saxelosnoebisTvis

gamoyofili sajaro sivrceebis nakleboba, magaliTad qveynis masStabiT qalaqis Tu

soflebis istoriul nawilSi, mxareTmcodneobis muzeumebTan da sxva dawesebulebebTan

amgvari sivrceebis ar arseboba, rac Tavis mxriv, gazrdida maT turistul potencials,

meore mxriv ki tradiciuli rewvis centrebis ekonomikuri mdgradobis da,

amavdroulad, tradiciuli codnisa da unarebis SenarCunebis mniSvnelovani winapiroba

iqneboda.

grafiki 21. saxelosnoebis ganawileba tipologiis mixedviT

010203040506070 60.76

25.34

8.17 3 0.27 1.36 0.27 0.54 0.27

%



83

Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom am mimarTulebiT arsebobs warmatebuli magaliTebic,

kerZod saxelosnoebis, romlebic amaJamad moqmed turistuli marSrutebSia CarTuli da

tradiciuli rewvis ostatebisa da organizaciebisTvis alternatiuli Semosavlis

wyaros warmoadgens. msgavi warmatebuli magaliTi saerTaSoriso praqtikaSic araerTia,

rac miuTiTebs, rom saxelosnoebis infrastruqturis gamarTvam da maTi (iseve, rogorc

Rvinis marnebis mowyoba da e.w. “Rvinis gzis” marSrutSi Casma) turistul marSrutebTan

dakavSirebam, SesaZloa, sagrZnoblad gazardos tradiciuli rewvis ostatebisa da

organizaciebis Semosavlebi, rogorc turistuli jgufebis maspinZlobiTa da

tradiciuli teqnologiuri procesis demonstrirebiT, ise maTi produqciis adgilze

marketingis TvalsazrisiT.

8.8. produqcia, distribucia, bazari, momxmarebeli, gayidvebi

tradiciuli rewvis bazris kvleva ramdenime mimarTulebiT ganxorcielda. Seswavlil

iqna warmoebuli produqcia, misi kategoriebi, xarisxi, fasTa ganawileba, aseve

gayidvebis arxebi da momxmarebeli.

aseve gayidvebis arxebis dadgenis mizniT, mosamzadebel etapze ganxorcielda savaWro

obieqtebis tipologiis dadgenda da maTTvis kiTxvaris SemuSaveba, romelic kvlevis

ZiriTadi instrumenti iyo.

xolo tradiciul rewvaze arsebuli moTxovnis Sefasebis mizniT Catarda adgilobrivi

momxmareblis da ucxoeli turistebis gamokiTxva. amave dros gayidvebis raodenobis,

adgilis da ZiriTadi arxebis sakvlevi kiTxvebi CarTuli iyo ostatebis da sawarmoebis

kiTxvarebSi.

8.8.1. produqcia

warmoebuli produqciis da savaWro obieqtebSi arsebuli asortimentis analizma aCvena,

rom tradiciuli rewvis bazarze dRes daaxloebiT 500-mde dasaxelebis produqtia

warmodgenili, romlebic SeiZleba Semdeg ZiriTad funqcionalur kategoriad

dajgufdes:

aqsesuarebi, samkaulebi, WurWeli, interieris aqsesuarebi, religiuri daniSnulebis

nivTebi, aveji, Tojina/saTamaSo, musikaluri sakravebi, iaraRi, samosi, dekoratiuli

kompoziciebi, xaliCa/fardagi, suveniri, sxva.

gamokiTxul ostatTa yvelaze didi kategoria - 27.93% aqsesuarebs awarmoebs, meore

adgilzea samkaulebi (12.4%). 5%-ze naklebia xaliCis/fardagis, iaraRis, musikaluri

sakravebis, saTamaSoebis, samosis da avejis mwarmoebel ostatTa ricxvi. danarCeni

kategoriebi 5-10%-ian monakveTSi Tavsdeba.

produqciaSi Warbobs Sereuli dizainis mqone namuSevrebi - gamokiTxul ostatTa 47.3%;

Tavis namuSevrebs tradiciul dizains akuTvnebs ostatTa 36% da mxolod 16.7%

Tanamedroves, Tumca savaWro obieqtebSi meti aqcenti tradiciul dizainze keTdeba.

maRaziebis asortimentis analizma aCvena, rom produqciis 60%-ze meti tradiciuli

dizainis namuSevrebi gamokiTxuli maRaziebis 53%-Sia warmodgenili, Sereuli dizanis

– mxolod obieqtebis 28.1%-Si, xolo Tanamedrove – mxolod 9.4%-Si.



84

grafiki 22. tradiciuli rewvis produqciis ganawileba

funqcionaluri jgufebis mixedviT

teqnikis TvalsazrisiT orive SemTxvevaSi tradiciuli teqnologiebi liderobs:

gamokiTxul ostatTa 77.6% da savaWro obieqtebis 81.3% (60%-ze meti produqcia), rac

warmoebul produqciasa da adgilobriv bazarze arsebul moTxovnas Soris

Sesabamisobaze miuTiTebs. magram, meore mxriv, rewvis saukeTeso nimuSad ucxoeli

turistebis 55.7% da adgilobrivi momxmareblis 43.5% saiuveliro nawarms da minanqars

asaxelebs, produqcias sadac yvelaze metad Warbobs Sereuli dizainis nivTebi

(minanqris SemTxvevaSi 62.2%). es gamowveulia momgebiani TanxvedriT - erTi mxriv

samkaulze Tanamedrove yofaSi arsebuli maRali moTxovniT (minanqris produqciis

udides nawils swored minanqris samkauli warmoadgens, romelic am dargis aRorZinebis

Semdeg gansakuTrebuli popularobiT sargeblobs), rogorc adgilobriv, ise ucxoel

momxmarebelTa Soris, xolo meore mxriv am kategoriis produqciaSi Tanamedrove

tendenciebis meti gaTvaliswinebiT. amave dros produqciis upiratesobad sakmaod cota

respodenti miiCnevs inovaciurobas (adgilobrivebis 5.4%, ucxoelebis 3.2%),

gansxvavebulobas (orive SemTxvevaSi 0.5%) da eqskluziurobas (adgilobrivebis 0.5), anu

faqtorebs, romelbic dRevandeli myidvelisTvis Zalze mniSvnelovania da SenaZenis

gakeTebis erT-erT mniSvnelovan motivs warmoadgens.

gansakuTrebiT unda aRiniSnos tradiciuli rewvis produqciaSi “suvenirizaciis”

tendencia, ris gamoc meti aqcenti keTdeba maT dekoratiul, “sasaCuqre” funqciaze,

xolo naklebi gamoyenebiT mxareze, rac, Tavis mxriv, zRudavs adgilobrivi

momxmareblis arCevans. mwarmoeblebi ar iTvaliswineben adgilobrivi da ucxoeli

myidvelebis sxvadasxva moTxovnebs: adgilobrivi myidveli ucxoeli turistisgan

gansxvavebiT naklebad yidulobs suvenirs piradi moxmarebisTvis, aseve naklebad

awuxebs transportirebasTan dakavSirebuli problemebi, Tumca misTvis meti

mniSvneloba aqvs produqciis funqciurobas, inovaciurobas, Tanamedrove adamianis

0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00

აქსესუარები სამკაულები

ინტერიერის აქსესუარები ჭურჭელი

დეკორატიული კომპოზიციები რელიგიური დანიშნულების ნაკეთობები

სუვენირები ავეჯი

სამოსი თოჯინა/სათამაშო

მუსიკალური საკრავები იარაღი

ხალიჩა/ფარდაგი სხვა

%



85

cxovrebis wesTan Sesabamisobas. Tumca warmatebuli magaliTebi (mag. minanqirs

samkauli) naTlad miuTiTebs, rom am moTxovnebis dakmayofilebis SemTxvevaSi qarTuli

tradiciuli rewvis produqciam SesaZlebelia didi popularobis mopovos adgilobriv

momxmarebelSi. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom mxolod ucxoel turistze orientirebuli

produqcia TavisTavad ganapirobebs gayidvebis sezonurobas da rogorc

mwarmoeblisTvis, aseve Sualeduri rgolisTvis arastabilur Semosavals.

aRniSnulze dayrdnobiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom qarTuli tradiciuli rewvis produqciis

Semdgomi ganviTareba unda moxdes tradiciebTan arsebuli mWidro kavSiris

SeinarCunebis, magram inovaciuri midgomebis Semotanis, Tanamedrove gemovnebis da

funqciaze moTxovnis Sesabamisad dizainis diversifikaciis mimarTulebiT. aseve

mniSvnelovania produqciis diversifikacia adgilobrivi momxmareblis

8.8.2. xarisxi

qarTuli tradiciuli rewvis produqciis xarisxSi mniSvnelovani gansxvavebebi

SeimCneva. eqsportiorebis, sabiTumo Semsyidvelebis, agentebis, aseve sertificirebis

raime sistemis ararsebobis pirobebSi ostatebi faqtiurad ar awydebian im rgolebs,

romlebic tradiciuli rewvis produqciis xarisxis kontrols axorcieleben. met-

naklebad es funqcia nakisri aqvT maRaziebs, Tumca umetes maTganSi xarisxis kontrols

didi yuradReba ar eqceva.

logikuria, rom msgavs sistemaSi tradiciuli rewvis produqciis xarisxi sakmaod

meryevia. ostatebis mniSvnelovani nawili ver grZnobs xarisxis standartis dacvis

aucileblobas, rasac adasturebs adgilobrivi momxmareblis (32.1%) da ucxoeli

turistis (8.8%) kvlevaSi dabali xarisxis erT-erT mniSvnelovan problemad dasaxeleba.

8.8.3. fasi

tradiciuli rewvis fasebi gansxvavdeba da moicavs yvela kategoriis produqcias

dawyebuli iafiani sasuveniro nawarmidan damTavrebuli eqskluziuri ZviradRirebuli

nivTebiT. Tumca dargis da momxmareblis specifikidan gamomdinare procentulad iafi

kategoriis produqcia sWarbobs. am kategoriaSi Sedis suvenirebi (xSirad iaffasiani da

sakmaod uxarisxo) da yvelaze didi funqciuri kategoriis – aqsesuqrebis SedarebiT

iafi nawili. warmoebuli saxeobebis 32.9%-i 20 laramde Rirebulebisaa, xolo kidev

28.9% 20-dan 50 laramde.

cxrili 10. produqciis ganawileba fasis mixedviT

Rirebuleba

larebSi

% ganawileba tradiciuli rewvis

produqciaSi

<20 32.9%

21-50 28.9%

51-100 13.0%

101-500 16.4%

501-1000 4.0%

>1000 4.6%



86

aRniSnuli miuTiTebs, rom arsebuli xarisxis, dizainis, cnobadobis, popularobis da

sxva maxasiaTeblebis gaTvaliswinebiT tradiciuli rewvis mwarmoeblebis mier

dawesebuli fasebi momxmareblisTvis maRalia, miuxedavad imisa rom produqciis nawili,

gayidvis pirdapiri arxebis saSualebiT, Tavad mwarmoeblis fasSi iyideba, xolo

nawili mxolod erTi rgolis – maRaziebis fasnamatiT (30-dan -50% mde).

cxadia, rom qarTuli tradiciuli rewvis produqciis TviTRirebuleba ver gauwevs

konkurencias ganviTarebad qveynebs, sadac muSaxelis Rirebuleba Zalze dabalia.

magaram, amave dros, sferoSi moRvawe ostatebis kooperaciis, momijnave dargebTan

TanamSromlobis gziT SesaZlebelia nedleulze danaxarjebis Semcireba.

arsebul viTarebaSi did mniSvnelobas iZens qarTuli tradiciuli rewvis brendireba,

sazogadoebaSi misi popularobis da prestiJulobis amaRleba, rac gazrdis

tradiciuli rewvis faseulobas.

8.8.4. SefuTva da wardgena

dReisaTvis saqarTveloSi tradiciuli rewvis produqciis umetesobas, rogorc wesi,

ar gaaCnia sacalo SefuTva da msoflioSi miRebuli standartis mixedviT Sedgenili

Tamxlebi informacia

Tamnxlebi informaciis mTavari funqcia:

(a) momxmareblis informireba produqciis damzadebis adgilis, masalis da

moxmarebis Sesaxeb;

(b) informaciis miwodeba produqciis kulturuli konteqstis, istoriis da im

xalxis Sesaxeb, vis mierac aris damzadebuli produqcia

(g) produqciis zomisa da feris gansazRvra.

arsebuli saerSaToriso standartis mixedviT Tanmxlebi informacia unda moicavdes

Semdegs:

(a) produqciis funqciis, istoriul-kulturuli konteqstis aRwera-daxasiaTebas;

(b) produqtis masalis/zomis daxasiaTebas; (saRebavebi, damRebi Zvirfasi liTonebi:

oqro da vercxli a.S)

(c) moxmarebis wesis Sesaxeb informacias (garecxvis, gaSrobis da gauTavebis

instruqciebi);

(d) sainformacio iarliyi produqtis usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb: janmrTeloba da

usafrTxoeba (saTamaSoebi, saRebavebi, qimikatebi...); xanZris dros riski,

(e) avtoris/organizaciis saxels, sakontaqto informacias da damzadebis qveynis

miniSnebas.

Tanmxlebi informaciis meSveobiT produqciis Rirebuleba matulobs, vinaidan

momxmareblisTvis naTeli xdeba misi kulturuli Rirebuleba da tradiciuli

funqciuri da simboluri datvirTva.

SefuTva prodquciis brendirebis umniSvnelovanesi nawilia, rac aseve ignorirebulia

mravali ostatis mier. Tumca adgilobrivi momxmareblis 15% da ucxoeli turistis

11.5% SefuTvas qarTuli tradiciuli rewvis produqciis mTavar naklad miiCnevs.

aranakleb mniSvnelovania wardgena-eqsponirebis sakiTxi, romelic marketinigis

mniSvnelovani winapirobaa. am aspeqtis arasaTanado aRqmas vawydebiT ara mxolod

calkeuli ostatebis, aramed maRaziebis, gansakuTrebiT ki suvenirebis salonebis



87

istoriali

Tbilisi, niko nikolaZis 7,

tel. +995322931335

brendi” istoriali” momxmarebels sTavazobs qarTuli

oqromWedlobis uZvelesi da unikaluri nimuSebis mixedviT Seqmnil

samkaulis da mcire plastikis, sufris aqsesuarebis, keramikis da

tradiciuli xalxuri rewvis nimuSebis farTo arCevans. koleqciaSi

warmodgenil yovel nivTs axlavs SefuTva da informacia, romlis

meSveobiTad gaecnobiT motivebis uZvelesi originalebis istorias.

SemTxvevaSi, sadac garda imisa, ar aris produqciis xarisxis kontroli, eqspoziciac

sruliad SemTxveviT, qaotur xasiaT atarebs.

8.8.5. momxmarebeli

momxmareblis TvalTaxedvis kvlevisTvis gamoyenebul iqna adgilobrivi momxmareblis

da ucxoeli turistis kiTxvari. vinaidan kvlevis pirveladi mizani tradiciuli rewvis

resursebis da mwarmoebelTa Seswavla iyo, kvlevis resursebis dazogvis mizniT,

momxmareblebis kvleva mcire masStabiT Catarda da ZiriTadi tendenciebis dadgeniT

Semoifargla. kvlevis procesSi gamokiTxul iqna 101 adgilobrivi momxmarebeli da 150

ucxoeli turisti. marTalia ar ganxorcielebula winaswari SerCeva, magram savele

jgufis mier interviuebi Catarda saqarTvelos sxvadasxva regionSi tradiciuli rewvis

savaWro obieqtTan da festivalebsa Tu bazrobebze, sadac am dargiT dainteresebuli

momxarebeli iyo warmodgenili.

rogorc mosalodneli iyo tradiciuli rewvis momxmarebelTa umetesoba qalia, maTi

wili adgilobriv momxmareblebSi 73.3% xolo turistebSi 62.9%. asakobrivi jgufebis

mixedviT yvelaze aqtiuri orive SemTxvevaSi 26-35 da 46-55 jgufebis warmomadgenlebi

arian.



88

cxrili 11. momxmareblis asakobrivi struqtura

ასაკობრივიჯგუფი ადგილობრივიმომხმარებელი % ტურისტი %

<18 6.9 4.5

19-25 20.8 10.1

26-35 25.7 22.5

36-45 13.9 20.2

46-55 23.8 22.5

56< 8.9 9.0

ucnauria adgilobriv momxmareblebSi 36-45 asakobrivi jgufis Zalze mcire procenti -

13.9%. samwuxarod, momxmarebelTa Soris ar Catarebula kvleva maTi tradiciul

rewvasTan damokidebulebis Sesaxeb, amitom rTulia am suraTis axsna arsebuli

monacemebiT.

zogadi tendenciiT ucxoeli turisti mets xarjavs tradiciuli rewvis nimuSebze

vidre adgilobrivi momxmarebeli. magaliTad 50 larze naklebi Rirebulebisas

yidulobs qarTvelTa 48.5% maSin rodesac ucxoelebSi es maCvenebeli mxolod 22.7%-ia.

xolo 500 laramde xarjavs adgilobrivis momxmareblis 95% da ucxoelis 70.5.

Sesabamisad 500 larze ZviradRirebul kategoriaSi ucxoeli turistebi Warboben. Tumca

arsaniSnavia, rom adgilobrivi momxmarebelis meti procenti iZens nimuSebs 101-200 da

201-500 laris kategoriaSi, rac vfiqrobT rom miuTiTebs adgilobrivi momxmarebelSi

arsebul pontencialze, rac ar aris gamyarebuli saTanado asortimentiT, vinaidan

dargSi arsebuli zogadi aRqmiT tradiciulir ewvis ZiriTad momxmarebels ucxolebei

warmoadgenen rac Tavis gavlenas axdes warmoebuli produqciis funqcionalur

daniSnulebaze da dizainze.

grafiki 23. ucxoeli turistis da adgilobrivi momxmareblis mier tradiciuli

rewvis produqciaze daxarjuli Tanxebis ganawileba

0.010.020.030.040.050.0

%

GEL

უცხ. ტურისტი

ადგილობრივი მომხმარებელი



89

marTalia kvlevam mxolod individualuri momxmareblebi moicva, magram ostatebis

gamokiTxvam cxadyo, rom rewvis dRevandel bazarze aseve arseboben korporatiuli

klientebi. marTalia ostatTa mxolod 13.7% yidis Tavis produqcias am kategoriaze,

magram korporatiuli klientebi metad TanamSromloben sawarmoebTan da savaWro

obeqtebTan. Sesabamisad izrdeba maTi wilic – sawarmoebisTvis 28.61% xolo savaWro

obieqtisTvis 37.5%, Tumca yvela SemTxvevaSi korporatiul myidvelze gayiduli

produqcia rogorc wesi 20% zRvarSi eqceva.

cxrili 12. ostatis, sawarmos da savaWro obieqtis gayidvebis struqtura

momxmareblebis mixedviT

gamokiTxvis Sedegad aseve gaanalizebuli iqna moTxovna sxvadasxva tipis produqciaze.

gamokiTxvam aCvena, rom rogorc adgilobrivi momxmareblelSi (32.6%), aseve ucxoel

turistebSi (32.4%) yvelaze didi popularobiT samkauli sargeblobs. mas mniSvnelovnad

CamorCeba suvenirebi, Sesabamisad 19% da 18.9%. Zalain mcirea moTxovna avejze (am

kategoriis ZiriTadi myidveli korportaiuli klientebia (ZiriTadad sazogadoebrivi

kvebis obieqtebi, romelTa gamokiTxva ar momxdara) da iaraRze.

moTxovna-miwodebis analizisTvis Sedarebul iqna ostatebis mier warmoebuli

funqciuri jgufebis procenti da maTze arsebuli moTxovna. marTalia es monacemebi

produqciis TiToeul jgufSi gayidvebis da warmoebuli produqciis raodenobrivi

maCveneblebis gareSe ar iZleva naTel suraTs, magram sagulisxmoa mniSvnelovani

gansxvaveba samkaulis da aqsesuarebis jgufebSi. Tu pirvel SemTxvevaSi samkaulis

warmoebaSi CarTulia ostatebis mxolod 13.59%, xolo samkaulze momxmareblis

moTxovna bevrad meti - 32 %-ia, aqsesuarebis SemTxvevaSi suraTi sapirispiroa,

ostatebis mier warmoebuli aqsesuarebis procenti - 27.95%, mniSvnelovnad aRemateba

masze arsebul moTxovnas, romelic mxolod 8.5 %-ia.

miwodeba-moTxovnaSi arsebuli xarvzebi gamovlinda savaWro obieqtebis gamokiTxvaSic.

maTi 28% aRniSnavs, rom bolo wlis ganmavlobaSi SeqmniaT deficiti tradiciuli

rewvis ama Tu im produqciaze, rac Tavis mxriv, miuTiTebs mwarmoebelsa da

realizators Soris koordinaciis naklebobasa da zogierTi produqciis SemTxvevaSi

warmadobis dabal maCvenebeze.

გაყიდვების %

ადგილობრივიმომხმარებელი ტურისტი კორპორატიულიკლიენტი

ოსტატი საწარმო სავაჭროობიექტი ოსტატი საწარმო

სავაჭროობიექტი ოსტატი საწარმო

სავაჭროობიექტი

% % %

0 11.2 20.0 9.36 34.4 45.7 9.38 86.4 71.39 62.5

20%-მდე 10.93 20.0 34.38 12.8 8.6 25.84 8.27 11.43 34.38

40%-მდე 18.67 17.1 9.38 10.4 8.6 5.84 1.87 8.57 3.13

60%-მდე 18.13 11.4 21.88 24.53 25.7 4.16 1.33 5.71

80%-მდე 10.93 11.4 12.50 13.87 8.6 2.50 0.8

100%-მდე

30.13 20.0 8.93 4 2.9 4.16 1.33 2.9



90

cxrili 13. mwarmoeblis da momxmareblis procentuli ganawileba produqciis

funqcionaluri jgufebis mixedviT

პროდუქცია ოსტატების განაწილება ფუნქც. ჯგუფების მიხედვით

%

ადგილობრივი მომხმარებელი %

ტურისტი

%

აქსესუარი(ფეხსაცმელი, ქამარი, ჩანთა, ქისა)

27.95 8.1% 8.6%

სამკაული 13.59

32.6% 32.4%

იარაღი 1.54 2.7% 2.7%

მუსიკალურისაკრავი 2.69 4.3% 4.3%

ჭურჭელი 8.21 7.1% 7.0%

სათმაშო (თოჯინა, სხვა) 4.10 7.6% 7.5%

ტანსაცმელი 4.10 10.9% 10.8%

რელიგიური დანიშნულების ნაკეთობა

5.13 3.8% 3.8%

ავეჯი 2.95 1.6% 1.6%

სუვენირი 11.54 19.0% 18.9%

მიჭირსპასუხისგაცემა 2.2% 2.2%

8.8.6. distribucia

kvlevis dros naTlad gamovlinda, rom tradiciuli rewvaSi ar arsebobs distirbuciis

meqanizmebi. ostatebi Tavad axdenen savaWro obieqtebisTvis produqciis miwodebas, rac

maTgan damatebiT droiT da transportirebis danaxarjebs moiTxovs da zRudavs

distribuciis areals. aRniSnuli gansakuTrebiT problematuria regionSi

macxovreblebisTvis, romlebic metad arian moSorebulni ZiriTad bazars - Tbiliss.

Sesabamisad, tradiciuli rewvis produqciis mimoqceva saqarTvelos teritoriaze

sakmaod SezRudulia. Tbilisis gareT mcxovrebi ostatebis mxolod 30% awvdis Tavis

namuSevrebs dedaqalaqs da Tbiliseli ostatebisTvis mxolod 17% akeTebs namuSevrebis

realizacias regionebSi.

8.8.7. gayidvebis arxebi

tradiciuli rewvis nawarmis realizacia saqarTveloSi mimdinareobs gayidvebis

rogorc pirdapiri gziT ostati-saboloo momxmarebeli, aseve Suamavlis saSualebiT.

sul gamokiTxvisas dasaxelda gayidvis Semdegi arxebi:



91

pirdapiri: (1) SekveTiT; (2) saxelosno; (3) Ria bazroba; (4) festivali, dReoba; (5)

internet gayidvebi

arapirdapiri/Suamavlis saSualebiT: sxvadasxva tipis maRaziebi

rogorc kvlevam aCvena, ostatebis 57.6% TavianTi namuSevrebis 60%-ze metis

realizacias erTi romelime arxiT axdens. amave dros ostatTa 81.3% gayidvebis mxolod

3 an nakleb arxs mimarTavs, rac miuTiTebs imaze, rom ostatebi arsebuli

komercializaciis sistemaSi ver axdenen gayidvebis arxebis diversifikacias. ufro

metic, kiTxvaze ra gzebiT axdenT Tqveni namuSevrebis realizacias gamokiTxvis dros

271-jer dasaxelda gayidvis pirdapiri arxebi, xolo arapirdapiri - mxolod 184-jer.

pirdapiri arxebidan wamyvani roli saxelosnoebidan (ostatebis 56.09%) gayidvas

uWiravs. amasTan ostatTa 21.9% Tavis namuSevrebis 80% saxelosnodan yidis. SekveTebis

% sakmaod dabalia 9.23%, Tumca garkveulwilad SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom

gamokiTxvisas saxelosnodan gayidvaSi zogierTi ostati SekveTebsac gulisxmobda.

swored amaze miuTiTebs is faqti, rom ostTa 34.5% 6 TveSi ramdenjerme mainc iRebs

SekveTas.

calke segments warmoadgens Ria bazrobebi (mudmivi) (12.8%), gamofena/gayidvebi dReobebi

da saxalxo dResaswaulebi (21.40%). Ria bazrobebidan aRsaniSnavia mSrali xidi

(Tbilisi), mecnierebaTa akademiis mimdebare teritoria (Tbilisi), sveticxovelis

mimdebare teritoria (mcxeTa), keramikasa da wnulze specilizirebuli SroSis bazroba

(imereTi). gansakuTrebiT dabalia internet gayidvebi, am arxiT gamokiTxul ostatTa

mxolod 1.1% sargeblos, maSin rodesac magaliTad did britaneTSi es maCvenebeli

35.3%. 58

grafiki 24. gayidvebis pirdapiri arxebi

arapirdapiri arxebSi mxolod sxvadasxva tipis savaWro obieqtebi gamovlinda.

arcerTxel ar dasaxelebulo sabiTumod movaWreni, Suamavlebi an sxva msgavsi

rgolebi.

maRaziis tipis savaWro obieqtebSi gamoiyo 5 ZiriTadi jgufi:

58 Crafts in an Age of Change p. 26

9.23

56.09

12.18

21.4

1.11

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

შეკვეთით

სახელოსნო

ღია ბაზრობა

რეწვის ბაზრობა, ფესტივალი/დღეობა

ინტერნეტ გაყიდვები

%



92

(1) suvenirebis maRaziebi –

obieqtebi, romlebic dabali da

saSualo Rirebulebis da

xarisxis produqcias sTavazoben

momxmarebels.

(2) salonebi – gamoirCevian

SedarebiT maRali xarisxis

produqciiT, romelic gaTvlilia ara

mxolod turistze, aramed

adgilobriv momxmarebelzec

(3) maRazia/galereebi – galereebTan

arsebuli maRaziebi, romlebic ufro

maRalmxatvrul, metwilad Sereuli

da Tanamedrove dizainis produqcias

sTavazoben momxmarebels. amave

kategorias mivakuTneT art-kafeebis

salonebi.

(4) samuzeumo maRaziebi

(5) Sereuli maRaziebi (romlebic sxva produqcisTan erTad rewvis produqciasac

yidian).

(6) saeklesio maRaziebi

kvlevis dros gamokiTxuli iqna 32 maRazia, ix. % ganawileba.

Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom samuzeumo maRaziebis wili realobaSi mniSvnelovand

dabalia, vinaidan kvlevis dros gamokiTxul iqna am tipis obieqtebis svaraudod 90%,

maSin rodesac danarCeni tipis maRaziebis uxeSi SefasebiT 70%. aseve ganmartebas

saWiroebs saeklesio maRaziebis dabali %. miuxedavad imisa, rom am tipis obieqtebi

sakmaod mravladaa saqarTveloSi, isini metwilad Semotanili produqciiT vaWroben da

mxolod iSviaT SemTxvevebSi qarTuli tradiciuli rewvis produqciiT. eWvgareSea

suvenirebis maRaziebis yvelaze maRali procentuli wili. gamokiTxul ostatTa

umetesoba – 67% Tavisi produqciis garkveul nawils am tipis maRaziebSi ukeTebs

realizacias.

grafiki 26. gayidvebis arapirdapiri arxebi

3

7

8

14

67

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

შერეული მაღაზია

საეკლესიო მაღაზია

სამუზეუმო მაღაზია

გალერეის მაღაზია

სუვენირების სალონი

%

შერეული მაღაზია

18%

სამუზეუმო

მაღაზია 21%

გალერეა/სალონი

21%

სალონი 6%

სუვენირების


საეკლესიო


grafiki 25.savaWro obieqtebis tipologia



93

geografiuli ganawilebis TvalsazrisiT maRaziebis koncentracia TbilisSia, sadac

ganlagebulia gamokiTxul obieqtTa 60%. Semdeg modis baTumi, mcxeTa da gori.

8.8.8. eqsporti

saqarTvelos eqsportSi tradiciuli rewvis gamoyofa praqtikulad SeuZlebelia. maSin

rodesac xelovnebis nimuSebi calsaxad aris gamoyofili sasaqonlo kodebSi.

magaliTad59:

9701 სურათები, ნახატები და პასტელები, ხელით შესრულებული

9702 გრავიურების, ესტამპების და ლითოგრაფიების დედნები

9703 ქანდაკებების და სტატუეტების დედნები ნებისმიერი მასალისაგან

tradiciuli rewvis SesaZlo produqciis kategoriebSi ar xdeba xeliT da manqaniT

Sesrulebuli nimuSebis gamijnva. miT umetes SeuZlebelia tradiciuli rewvis gamoyofa

Tanamdrove xelsaqmisgan. magaliTad38:

6001 ხაოიანი ტილო ტრიკოტაჟისა, მანქანით ან ხელით ნაქსოვი

6002 სხვა ტრიკოტაჟის ტილო, მანქანით ან ხელით ნაქსოვი

6004 ტრიკოტაჟის ტილოები მანქანით ან ხელით ნაქსოვი, სიგანით 30 სმ-ზე მეტი,

eqsportis Sesaxeb mwiri informaciis mopovebul SesaZlebeli gaxda Catarebuli

kvlevis dros. gamokiTxul ostatTa mxolod 5.8% aRniSna, rom namuSevrebs yidis

sazRvargareT. maTi daaxloebiT 50% namuSevrebs saerTaSoriso bazrobebze waradgens,

rac dReisaTvis saqarTveloSi ar warmoadgens sistematur praqtikas da, rogorc wesi,

drodadro xorcieldeba sferoSi moRvawe sxvadasxva organizaciebis mier. rogorc

warmatebuli praqtika SeiZleba aRiniSnos 2007 wels saqarTvelos teqstilis jgufis

monawileoba santa fes bazrobaze, sadac pirdapirma gayidvebma 12000 aSS dolari

Seadgina, xolo SekveTebis odenobam 3000 aSS dolari. 60 Tumca gamofenebze da

bazrobebze warmatebuli monawileoba mniSvnalovnad aris dakavSirebuli

sistmaturobasTan da Tanmimdevrul politikasTan.

SedarebiT stabilur eqsports ewevian ostatebi, romlebic sazRvargareT namuSevrebis

realizacias eqspatriati axloblebis saSualebiT axdenen. aRniSnuli ostatebi Tavisi

namuSevrebis 60%-dan-100%-mde eqsportze yidian. es kidev erTxel miuTiTebs, rom

qarTuli tradiciuli rewvis produqciis saeqsporto bazris moZieba dRevandeli

mdgomareobiTac aris SesaZlebeli, Tumca saWiroa xelSemwyobi RonisZiebebi da am

mimarTulebiT komerciuli saqmianobis waxaliseba.

59 saqartvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri http://geostat.ge/?action=page&p_id=136&lang=geo

60 Baseline Survey to Evaluate Folk Art Development in Georgia. Art Gene. 2010. p. 11



94


1. saqarTveloSi tradiciul rewvas ar gaaCnia raime saxis sadistribucio qseli

rac mniSvnelovnad zrudav produqciis mimoqcevas teritoriaze

2. tradiciuli rewvis bazarze dRes daaxloebiT 500-mde dasaxelebis produqtia

warmodgenili. gamokiTxul ostatTa yvelaze didi kategoria - 27.93% aqsesuarebs

awarmoebs, meore adgilzea samkaulebi (12.4%). 3. produqciaSi Warbobs tradiciuli teqnologiebi – gamokiTxul ostatTa 77.6% da

Sereuli dizainis mqone namuSevrebi - ostatTa 47.3%. 4. dizains da tradiciebTan kavSirs qarTuli tradiciuli rewvis nimuSebis mTavar

Rirsebad miiCnevs adgilobrivi momxmarebelis Sesabamisad 22.7% da 37.3%, aseve ucxoeli

turistebis 30% da 27.3% 5. produqciis umetesoba ganicdis inovaciurobis, dRevandel yofasTan misadagebis

deficits 6. produqcia metwilad orientirebulia ucxoel myidvelze, rac zRudavs

momxmareblis kategoriebs da iwvevs gayidvebis sezonurobas 7. tradiciul rewvaSi ar moqmedebs xarisxis kontrolis raime gamarTuli

meqanizmi, rac produqciis xarisxSi mniSvnelovan gansxvavebebs iwvevs

8. momxmareblis TvalsazrisiT produqciis maRali TviTRirebuleba warmoadgens

tradiciuli rewvis erT-erT mniSvnelovan problemas

9. adgilobriv bazarze ZiriTadi momxmarebels warmoadgenen qalebi (adgilobrivi

momxmareblis 73.3% da ucxoeli turistis 62.9%) da 26-35 da 46-55 asakobrivi jgufis

warmomadgenlebi.

10. ostatebis 81.3% gayidvebis 3 an nakleb arxs mimarTavs, amaTan metad gamoiyeneba

gayidvebis pirdapiri arxebi, rac erTi mxriv distribuciis qselis ar arsebobiT da

meore mxriv savaWro obieqtebTan TanamSromlobisTvis sagadasaxado statusis saWiroeba

ganapirobebs.

11. tradiciuli rewvis saqarTvelos eqsportSi gamoyofa ver xerxdeba sasaqonlo

kodebSi misi gamijnvis SeuZleblobis gamo. marTalia ostatebis 5.8% aRniSnavs, rom

namuSevrebis realizacias eqsportis gziT axorcielebs, magram, rogorc wesi es

arastabiluri da wyvetili procesia.



95

8.9. Semosavlebi

rogorc ukve aRiniSna, tradiciuli rewva oficialur statistikaSi ar aisaxeba. amgvar

viTarebaSi dargSi arsebuli Semosavlebis da gayidvebis Sesaxeb informaciis erTaderT

wyaros kvlevisTvis kiTxvarebis analizi warmoadgenda.

tradiciuli rewvis gamokiTxuli ostatebis wliuri Semosavali zogadad 100 laridan

50000 laramde meryeobs. ostatebis yvelaze didi kategoriis (31.9%) wliuri Semosavali

101-500 laramdea, daaxloebiT 65%-is saqarTveloSi mamakacis 2011 wlis saarsebo

minimumze (1893 l. weliwadSi) 61 da TiTqmis 90%-is 2011 wlis saSualo xelfasze (7632 l.)

naklebi. mTlianad rewvisTvis saSualo wliuri Semosavali 2820 lars Seadgen. maSin

rodesac aSS-Si 2001 wels tradiciul rewvaSi CarTul ostatTa saSualo Semosavali

xarjebis gareSe 50000 aSS dolars Seadgenda, rac qveyanaSi saSualo Semosavals 26%-iT

aRemateboda62.

amgvari situaciis mizezebi garda ukve ganxiluli sakanonmdeblo, bazris, distribuciis

da sxva sakiTxebisa, mniSvnelovnad aris ganpirobebuli im faqtiT, rom saqarTveloSi

tradiciuli rewvas arc saxelmwifo da arc sazogadoeba ar miiCnevs ekonomikis erT-

erT dargad da potencialis mqone biznesad. tradiciuli rewvis dominanturi aRqma

daaxloebiT aseTia - saqarTvelos kulturuli memkvidreobis nawili, romelic dacvas

da SenarCunebas saWiroebs. dargi romelic aseve warmoadgens damatebiTi mcire

Semosvlis wyaros. meoradi da hobis tipis saqmianoba. diasaxlisebisTvis garkveuli

Semosavlis wyaro. msgavsi damokidebuleba Warbobs ara marto sazogadoebaSi, aramed

TviT dargSic. magaliTad gamokiTxuli ostatebis mxolod 2.1% sargeblobs buRaltris

momsaxurebiT, rac calsaxad miuTiTebs imaze, rom dargs aklia biznes midgoma. maSin

rodesac aSS-Si tradiciuli rewvis sferos brunva 2001 w. 13.8 miliard aSS dolars

Seadgenda da erT rigSi idga iseT dargebTan rogoricaa fexsacmelebis warmoeba- $41.6 mlrd., Jurnalebi - $31.9 mlrd., taqsebis biznesi $3.7 mlrd., aviabileTebi - $29.5 mlrd.,

Tambaqo - $ 2.4 mlrd. 63.

arsebul viTarebaSic ki navaraudevi iyo, rom gansxvavebebi iqneboda sxvadasxva

midgomis mqone ostatebis SemosavlaSi. vinaidan ganxorcielebuli kvleva ar moicavda

ostatebis damokidebulebebis analizis komponents, ganmasxvavebel niSnad miCneul iqna

sagadasaxado uwyebaSi registracia, rac Cveni azriT garkveulwilad gulisxmobs

individis mier sakuTari samewarmeo saqmianobisadmi seriozul damokidebulebas.

grafiki 27-ze naCvenebia wliuri Semosavlebi sxvadasxva jgufis ostatebisTvis. rogorc

vxedavT, yvelaze dabali maCvenebeli aris teqstilSi, sadac ostatebis 80.1%

dauregistrirebelia. am jgufSi 5000 larze naklebi modis ostatebis 93.3%-ze, maSin

rodesac registrirebuli ostatebisTvis es maCvenebeli 78.7%, xolo daregistirebuli

kaci ostatebisTvis 68.2%.

Tu tradiciul rewvaSi grafikze moyvanil Semosavlebis procentul ganawilebas

ZiriTad tendenciad miviRebT, maSin SeiZleba iTqvas, rom tradiciul rewvaSi

dasaqmebuli ostatebis wliuri brunva 2.7 milion laramdea.

61 საქართველოს სტატისტისკის ეროვნული სამსახური. http://geostat.ge/?action=page&p_id=178&lang=geo 62 A report on traditional Crafts and Economic Developemnt in Michigan . 2006. p.19 http://www.craftworksmichigan.org/craftworksreport.pdf

63 A report on traditional Crafts and Economic Developemnt in Michigan . 2006. p.19 http://www.craftworksmichigan.org/craftworksreport.pdf



96

grafiki 27. tradiciuli rewvis sxvadasxva kategoriis

ostatebis ganawileba saS. wliuri Semosavlebis mixedviT

magram aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom msgavs gamokiTxvebSi mudmivad ikveTeba respodentebis

mxridan Semosavlebis Semcirebis tendencia. Sedarebis mizniT saSualo Semosavalis

gaangariSeba moxda meore meTodiTac. kerZod, gamoTvlili iqna wlis ganmavlobaSi

warmoebuli produqciis Rirebuleba. vinaidan tradiciul rewvaSi namuSevrebi did

partiebad ar iwarmoeba da, rogorc wesi, ostatebis mier iqmneba realizaciis mixedviT,

yevlaze pesimisturi prognoziT navaraudevi iyo, rom ostati yidis damzadebuli

produqciis 60%-s. am gziT miRebuli Sedegis mixedviT saSualo Semosavali Seadgens

daaxloebi 7300 lars, xolo tradiciuli rewvis ostatebis mTliani brunva daaxloebiT

12 mln. lars.

sagulisxmoa rom ostatebis Zalze mcire nawili awarmoebs gayidvebis da xarjebis

aRricxvas, rac sakmaod arTulebs maTTvis Semosavlebis realuri sididis da miT

umetes sufTa mogebis gansazRvravs. Sesabamisad, seqtoris sididis dasazusteblad

moyvanili monacemebi saWiroebs Semdgom gadamowmebas da informaciis sxvadasxva

wyarosTan Sepirispirebas..

nebismier SemTxvevaSi, dReisaTvis tradiciuli rewvaSi Semosavlebis saSualod dabali

done eWvs gareSea, Tumca sferoSi arsebuli mdgomareobis, sazogadoebaSi

damkvidrebuli damokidebulebis, saxelmwifos mxridan xelSewyobis ararsebobis, biznes

midgomebis naklebobis fonze mdomareoba, SesaZloa, kidev ufro mZime yofiliyo.

0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0

<100

101-500

501-1000

1001-5000

5001-10000

10001-20000

20001-50000

%

ლარ

ი

ტექსტილის ოსტატები

დარეგისტრირებული ოსტატები

დარეგისტირებული კაცი ოსტატები

მთლიანად რეწვის ოსტატები

saqarTveloSi მამაკაცის საარსებო მინიმუმი 2011w. (wliuri 1893 l)

saqarTveloSi saSualo xelfasi

2011w. (wliuri 7632l)



97

iuridiuli pirebis Semosavlebze saubari rTulia ramdenime mizezis gamo. am

kategoriaSi gamokiTxuli erTeulebidan sakmaod dabali procenti (35.5%) iyo

daregistrirebuli Sps-d, danarCeni organizaciebi warmoadgendnen a(a)ip an

dauregistrirebel erTeulebis, romlebic faqtiurad ar arian TavianTi arsiT

komerciuli organizaciebi da tradiciul rewvas misdeven TavianTi beneficiarebis

dasaqmebis an mimdinare programebis farglebSi. amave dros Zalze mcire iyo

gamovlenili organizaciebis mTliani raodenobac, rac ar iZleva miRebuli Sedegebis

ganzogadebis safuZvels. magaliTisTvis, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom gamovlenili

warmatebuli sawarmoebis wliuri brunva naxevar milions aRemateba.

8.10. saganmanaTleblo baza saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebi da maTi mimoxilva

istoriulad industria Segirdobis (meisterchaft) institutze dayrdnobiT ganviTarda.

Sesabamisad, dResac SemoqmedebiTi industriebis ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT

gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba saganmanaTleblo saqmianobas, formalur da

araformalur wavlebas ganaTlebis yvela doneze. am sakiTxs Seexo 2005 wlis

belfastis konferencia, romelzec ganxiluli ganaTlebis da swavlebis problemebi.

aqve gamoikveTa SemoqmedebiTi orientaciis mniSvneloba ganaTlebis yvela sferosTvis,

aseve saganmanaTleblo sistemaSi SemoqmedebiTi industriebisaTvis saWiro unarebis

CarTvis aucilebloba.

aseve unda aRiniSnos, aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis da Sesabamisad

tradiciuli rewvis dacva-SenarCunebis upirvelesi gzac, swored saganmanaTleblo

procesis da Taobidan Tobaze gadacemis uzrunvelyofaa.

dReisaTvis saqarTveloSi tradiciuli rewvis swavleba sxvadasxva formaluri da

araformaluri gzebiT mimdinareobs. Tumca am sferoSi codnis damoukideblad

SeZenasac mniSvnelovani adgili ukavia. Catarebuli kvlevis analizma aCvena, rom

dRevandlamde ostatebis umetesoba swored am gziT CaerTo tradiciul rewvaSi (32.1%).

codnis gadacemaSi daaxloebiT Tanabar rols TamaSobda erTi mxriv profesiuli da

umaRlesi saswavleblebi (Sesabamisad 15% da 16.8%), meore mxriv ki memkvidreobiToba

(14.2%) da sxva ostatisgan (13.4) codnis miReba.

aRsaniSnavia rom, dReisaTvis es tendenciebi savaraudod icvleba. gamokiTxuli

ostatebis sakmaod didi nawili - 31.3% CarTulia saswavlo procesSi. Tumca maTi

umetesoba (30.8%) profesiul saswavleblebSi aswavlis, 20.5% - Segirdebs, da mxolod

12% _ sakuTar ojaxis wevrebsa da naTesavebs.

tradiciuli rewvis saswavlo dawesebulebi dReisaTvis moicavs: umaRles

saswavlerblebs, profesiul saswavleblebs, saxelmwifo dawesebulebebTan arsebul

skola-saxelosnoebs, municipalur saxelovnebo skolebTan, sapatriarqos samrevlo

skolebTan arsebul saxelosnoebs. aseve dasaqmebaze orientirebuli profesiuli

gadamzadebis sxvadasxva kursebs. aRniSnul jaWvSi faqtiurad ar aris CarTuli

skolamdeli da saSualo ganaTlebis dawesebulebebi.



98

grafiki 28. gamokiTxuli ostatebis ganawileba

miRebuli codnis arxebis mixedviT

saxelmwifo universitetebi (mag. Tbilisis saxelmwifo samxatvro akademia) arsebuli

dizainis fakulteti moicavs Semdeg mimarTulbebs:

• mxatvruli keramika

• mxatvruli mina

• teqstilis dizaini

• modis dizaini

• samrewvelo dizaini

• xis mxatvruli damuSavebis da avejis dizaini

• samkauli da liTonis dekoratiuli plastika

• lurji sufris kvleviTi laboratoria

Sesabamisad, Tanamedrove teqnologiebisa da dizainis garda swavlebis procesSi

CarTulia tradiciuli teqnologiebisa da dizainis swavlebac.

Tumca umaRlesi saswavlo dawesebulebebSi miRebuli profesiuli codna gansxvavdeba

xalxuri zepirsityvieri tradiciisagan, romelTan ufro mWidro kavSiric mxolod

gaamdidrebs dizainis kursdamTavrebul profesionalebs.

rogorc kvlevam aCvena, tradiciuli rewvis swavlebis mimarTulebiT mniSvnelovan

rols asrulebs municipaluri saxelovnebo skolebi, romlebic qveynis masStabiT

gvxvdeba. saxviTi xelovnebis garda maT programaSi xSirad vxvdebiT teqstilis, xeze

kveTis, liTonze plastikis, keramikis, minanqris saswavlo kursebs. aqve unda aRiniSnos,

15.0

14.2

13.4

32.1

16.8

7.8

.3 .5

%

პროფესიულ სასწავლებელში

მემკვიდრეობით გადმომეცა ჩემი წინაპრებისგან

ვისწავლე სხვა ოსტატისაგან სახელოსნოში

თვითნასწავლი ოსტატი ვარ

უმაღლესი სასწავლებელი

ტრადიციული რეწვის შემსწავლელი კურსები

ვისწავლე მეგობრისგან

ვისწავლე სასულიერო აკადემიაში



99

rom es kursebi ZiriTadad mozardi axalgazrdobisTvisaa gankuTvnili. aqve unda

aRiniSnos saskolo programebSic ostatebis dasaqmebac, Tumca samwuxarod zogierT

SemTxvevaSi pedagogebis SerCevisas ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli regionSi arsebuli ufro

Rirebuli adamianuri resursebis arseboba, rac Tavis mxriv saganmanaTleblo da

kulturul wreebs Soris arakoordinirebuli moqmedebis Sedegia.

tradiciuli rewvis swavlebis da gavrcelebis TvalsazrisiT uniSvnelovanesi adgili

uWiravs sapatriarqos samrevlo skolebTan da monastrebTan arsebul saxelosnoebs,

rogorc TbilisSi, ise regionebSi (fokani, snos minanqris saxelosnoebi, axalcixis

sasuliero saswavlebeli, varZiis dedaTa monasteris qargvis, moxeuri Teqis da mravali

sxva saxelosno). bunebrivia, aRniSnuli saganmanaTleblo centrebis umTavres

mimarTulebas saeklesio xelovnebis ganviTareba da maTi tradiciebis gagZelebaa

(oqromkediT qargva, Weduri xatebi, xis saekesio nivTebi, minanqris xatebi, jvrebi da

sxva), Tumca aqve vxvdebiT naqargobiTa, minanqriT, TeqiT Sesrulebul saero

namuSevrebsac.

gansakuTrebiT unda aRiniSnos dasaqmebaze orientirebuli profesiuli gadamzadebis

kursebi da arasamTavrobo iniciativebi, romelTa meSveobiTac araerTi “axali” ostati

Semata seqtors. am mxriv gansakuTrebiT mdidaria Teqis da minanqris teqnologiuri

jgufebi. aRniSnul kursdamTavrebulTa maxasiaTebelia namuSevrebis SedarebiT

masobrivi xasiaTi, dabali xarisxi, Tumca bunebrivia, gvxvdeba gamonaklisebic. aseve

SeimCneva tendencia, rom kursdamTavrebulTa mxolod mcire procenti agrZelebs

SemdgomSi aRniSnul dargSi moRvaweobas. gvxvdeba gansakuTrebiT warmatebuli

SemTxvevebic, rodesac saxezea produqciis xarisxisa da dizainis daxvewa da rewvis

Semosavlis wyarod qceva.

calke unda aRiniSnos rewvis mimarTulebiT sazogadoebis gaTviTcnobierebis

aucilebloba, romelic aseve mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli ganaTlebis sferosTan. kvlevam

daadastura, rom tradiciuli rewvis produqciis xarisxis dabal dones xSirad swored

sazogadeobis gauTviTcnobierebloba ganapirobebs, amis magaliTia qimiuri saRebavebiT

SeRebili Teqis uxarisxo produqcis mozRvaveba bazarze.

msgavsi problemis winaaRmdeg warmatebul magaliTad SeiZleba ganvixiloT iaponiis

precedenti, sadac 2002 wlidan kiotoSi tradiciuli rewvis swavleba saSualo skolaSi

yvela doneze iqna integrirebuli. masSi 60 skola da meabreSumeobisa da keramikis

mravali cnobili ostati Caer 64 . saerTaSoriso praqtikis kidev mravali precedenti

miuTiTebs tradiciuli rewvis, rogorc aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis da

amavdroulad dasaqmebis potenciis mqone dargis ganaTlebis sferoSi integraciis

aucileblobaze.

64 www.web-japan.org/trends01/article/030221sci_r.html



100

სათემო კავშირი ” ნუკრიანის” სახელოსნოები

სოფელი ნუკრიანი, სიღნაღის მუნიციპალიტეტი კულტურის სახლის შენობა, 1 სართული

ტელ. (+995 77) 202 111

ნუკრიანის” სახელოსნოები სოფელ ნუკრიანში,

საქართველოს ერთ-ერთ ულამაზეს კუთხეში - ქიზიყში

მდებარეობს.

ნუკრიანის სახელოსნოები 2003-2005 წლებში დაარსდა.

ყველაფერი იმით დაიწყო, რომ სოფელ ნუკრიანის

რამოდენიმე ქალბატონმა გაიარა სამკერვალო კურსები

თბილისში, ხოლო ორგანიზაცია World Vision-მა

” კავკასიური სახლის” სოფელ ნუკრიანის ფილიალს 6

საკერავი მანქანა გადასცა საჩუქრად. ამის შემდეგ შეიქმნა

სათემო კავშირიც, რომლის პროექტები ითვალისწინებდა

ახალგაზრდებისთვის და ზრდასრულთათვის სხვადასხვა

სასწავლო-საგანმანათლებლო პროგრამებს.

კავშირის ბაზაზე ქვილთის, ქსოვის, ქარგვის და თელვის

სახელოსნოები დაარსდა, სადაც სოციალურად დაუცველმა

ქალბატონებმა დაიწყეს ხელობის შესწავლა/ სრულყოფა

და შემდგომში მუშაობა. აქ მზადდება ქვილთის

გადასაფარებლები, თექის პანოები, აქსესუარები და სხვა.

სახელოსნოში შექმნილი ნამუშევრები გამოირჩევა სუფთა

შესრულებით და დამუშავების მაღალი ხარისხით.



101

9. tradiciuli rewvis ZiriTadi problemebi saqarTveloSi

winamdebare kvlevam saqarTveloSi tradiciuli rewvis seqtorSi araerTi sruliad

gansxvavebuli tipis problema gamoavlina.

9.1. organizaciuli struqtura

vinaidan tradiciuli rewva kulturis, ekonomikis, ganaTlebis da garemos dacvis sxva

mravali samTavrobo Tu arasamTavrobo rgolis saqmianobasTan ikveTeba (ix gv 49)

umTavres problemas am mimarTulebiT warmoadgens arakoordinirebuli midgoma.

magaliTad ver vxdebiT ekonomikuri waxalisebis strategiaSi tradiciuli rewvis

dargis integracias tradiciuli rewvis turistuli potencialis amaRlebas,

tradiciuli rewvis, rogorc regionaluri ganviTarebis resursis adgilobrivi

ganviTarebis strategiebSi integracis.

am TvalsazrisiT aRsaniSnavia saqarTvelos ZeglTa dacvis erovnuli saagentoSi

aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis departamentSi Statis simcire (iseve,

rogorc am mimarTulebiT gamoyofili biujetisa), rac Tavis mxriv, xels uSlis ufro

masStaburi RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebas.

arakoordinirebuli midgoma Cans adgilobrivi mTavrobebis donezec. miuxedavad imisa,

rom municipalitetebTan arsebuli kulturis samsaxurebi floben informacias

regionebSi mcxovreb ostatebze, maTi bazebi arasrulia. aseve xSiria kulturis

samsaxuris TanamSromlebis gauTviTcnobiereba tradiciuli dargebis teqnologiuri

jgufebsa da specifikaSi.

aqve unda aRiniSnos saxelmwifo doneze tradiciuli rewvis da zogadad kulturis

statistikis warmoebis zogadi xasiaTi, rac droSi seqtorSi mimdinare cvliebebis

analizis saSualebas zRudavs.

organizaciuli struqturis TavlsazrisiT problemebs vawydebiT arasamTavrobo

seqtoris donezec. miuxedavad calkeuli kerZo iniciativebisa, tradiciuli rewvis

organizaciebsa da individebs Soris TanamSromlobis SemTxvevebi Zalze iSviaTia. es,

Tavis mxriv, iwvevs SromiTi da fuladi danaxarjebis araekonomiur xarjvas. ararsebobs

msgavsi kavSirebi da asociaciebi, romelic calkeul iniciativebs koordinacias

gauwevda da seqtoris interesebs daicavda. gamokiTxul ostatTa 85% saWirod miiCnevs

msgavsi asociaciis arsebobas.

9.2. iuridiuli baza

iuridiuli TvalsazrisiT, tradiciuli rewvis sferos pirveladi problema misi

identificirebis sakiTxia. "tradiciuli rewvis" zusti definicia, misi maxasiaTebeli

niSnebi, saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobaSi ar moipoveba, Sesabamisad saqarTvelos

samarTlebriv sivrceSi am dargis gancalkevebul regulirebis sivrces gamoyofa

faqtiurad SeuZlebelia.

qveyanaSi ar arsebobs saxelmwifo politika aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis,

aseve tradiciuli rewvis sferoSi, romliTac dadgenili iqneboda saxelmwifos

damokidebuleba tradiciuli rewvis mimarT.



102

tradiciuli rewvis seqtoris regulirdeba dReisaTvis xdeba kulturuli memkvidreobis

kanoniT, romelSic aramaterialuri memkvidreoba mxolod zogadi Canaweris saxiTaa

Setanili. misi specifika ki, romelic sruliad gansxvavdeba materialuri kulturuli

memkvidreobis dacvis meqanizmebisgan ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli.

aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis saaRricxvo baraTis forma da Zeglis

statusis miniWebis kriteriumebi SemuSavebulia materialuri memkvidreobis specifikis

mixedviT da ver pasuxobs akm-s Taviseburebebs.

kidev erTi normatiuli aqti saqarTvelos samarTlebriv sivrceSi, sadac

dafiqsirebulia „tradiciuli rewva“ aris 2010 wlis 25 ivnisis saqarTvelos mTavrobis

№172 dadgenilebiT „saqarTvelos regionuli ganviTarebis 2010-2017 ww. saxelmwifo

strategiis damtkicebisa da saqarTvelos regionuli ganviTarebis samTavrobo komisiis

Seqmnis Sesaxeb„ - damtkicebuli saqarTvelos regionuli ganviTarebis 2010-2017 ww.

saxelmwifo strategia, sadac „xalxuri rewva“, rogorc kulturuli turizmis

Semadgeneli erT-erTi segmenti strategiul mimarTulebad aris miCneuli, Tumca, raime

moqmedebebi an saxelmwifo aqtivoba „xalxuri rewvis“ seqtoris waxalisebis,

mxardaWeris an ganviTarebis kuTxiT jer ar dafiqsirebula.

arasrulyofilia saqarTvelos muzeumebis kanoni, romelic SeusabamobaSia saqarTvelos

kanonTan "kulturuli memkvidreobis Sesaxeb". kanonis erT-erTi xarvezia masSi

mocemuli regulaciebis bundovaneba da gaurkvevloba, rac SemdgomSi maTi araerT

mniSvnelovani ganmartebis saSualebas iZleva da mraval garTulebas iwvevs.

iuridiuli TvalsazrisT arasrulyofilia saqarTvelodan kulturul faseulobaTa

gatanisa da saqarTveloSi Semotanis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonic, romelSi arsebuli

Canaweris Sesabamisad, sabaJo organoebi valdebulni arian moiTxovon "kulturuli

faseulobis saqarTvelodan gatanis nebarTva" eTnografiul masalis gatanis SemTxvevSi,

rac sruliad bundovania, radgan misi definicia saqarTvelos samarTlebriv sivrceSi

ar arsebobs. Tumca, aqve gansazRvrulia, rom "kanonis moqmedeba ar vrceldeba

Tanamedrove suveniruli xasiaTis nakeTobaze, agreTve seriuli da masobrivi warmoebis

kulturuli daniSnulebis nivTze", rac aseve Zalze pirobiTi gansazRvrebaa da

subieqtur Sefasebebs efuZneba. 65

gaurkvevelia gansazRvravs Tu ara "mewarmeTa Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanoni” tradiciuli

rewvas samewarmeo saqmianobad. vinaidan muxli1 punqtis 3-is mixedviTac samewarmeo

saqmianobad ar iTvleba fizikuri pirebis saxelovnebo, samecniero, samedicino,

arqiteqturuli, saadvokato an sanotaro, saaudito, sakonsultacio (maT Soris,

sagadasaxado konsultantTa), sasoflo-sameurneo an satyeo-sameurneo saqmianoba 66 ; am

Canaweris Sesabamisad, "saxelovnebo" saqmianoba, anu nebismieri SemoqmedebiTi saqmianoba,

romlis Sedegadac iqmneba calkeuli namuSevari ar warmoadgens samewarmeo saqmianobas

da Sesabamisad ar saWiroebs mis registracias, sagadasaxado aRricxvaze ayvanas,

buRalteriis, dokumentbrunvis mowesrigebas da salaro aparats.

tradiciuli rewva saqarTveloSi ar sargeblobs raime speciuluri dabegvris

statusiT. arsebuli SeRavaTiani reJimi – “mikro mewarme” ver pasuxobs tardiciuli

rewvis sferos specifikas da xSir SemTxvevaSi saSemosavlo gadasaxadisgan

ganTavisuflebis sanacvlod uketavs tradiciuli rewvis ostatebs produqciis gayidvis

Suamav rgolebTan urTierTobis saSualebas.

gamomdinare iqidan, rom tradiciuli rewva ostatebisTvis xSirad meoradi saqmianobaa

da aseve, vinaidan, rogorc xelovani adamianebi, isini sakmaod Sors arian biznesisgan,

65 კულტურულ ფასეულობათა საქართველოდან გატანისა და საქართველოში შემოტანის შესახებ საქართველოს კანონი, მუხლი 4. 66 "მეწარმეთა შესახებ" საქართველოს კანონი, მუხლი 1, პუნქტი 3



103

maTTvis sagadasaxadosTan urTierToba sirTules warmoadgens da saWiroebs damatebiT

sakonsultacio momsaxurebas.

tradiciul rewvaze faqtiurad ver vrceldeba msoflio memkvidreobis nusxaSi

Setanili, erovnuli mniSvnelobis kategoriis an/da sakulto-religiuri daniSnulebis

kulturuli memkvidreobis Zeglebis sarestavracio, sareabilitacio, saproeqto da

kvleviTi samuSaoebis Sesrulebaze dRg-gan gaTavisufleba CaTvlis uflebis gareSe,

romelic gaTvalsiwinebulia saqarTvelos sagadasaxado kodeqsis 168 muxliT

ar arsiebobs kulturis sferoSi finansebis mozidvis iseTi meqanizmebi, rogoricaa

Semowirulobebsa da dafinansebaze gadasaxadebis gansakuTrebuli dabegvris reJimebi.

tradiciuli rewvis seqtors, misi biznes sferoSi dabali integraciidan gamomdinare,

erTi mxriv ar miuwvdeba xeli sakredito dafinansebaze, meores mxriv ki

seqtoraTaSorisi dafinansebi wyaroebze.

kulturis sferoSi ar arsebobs specializirebuli grantebis gamcemi saxelmwifo

fondebi. aRniSnuli saqmianoba saministros da saagentos prerogativaSia, rac zRudavs

sagranto saxsrebis wyaroebs, garkveulwilad amcirebs ganxorcielebuli proeqtebis

raodenobas da efeqtianobas.

ar aris srulyofili saavtoro uflebebis dacvis da registraciisaTvis tradiciuli

rewvis nimuSebisTvis saavtoro uflebebis miniWebis kriteriumebi.

tradiciuli rewvis rigi dargebisTvis mniSvnelovan problemas warmoadgens bunebrivi

resursebiT sargeblobasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi. tradiciuli rewvis sferosTvis

am kuTxiT raime SeRavaTebi dawesebuli ar aris, rac, xSir SemTxvevebSi, ostatebisTvis

nedleulis mopovebas uSlis xels da rig dargebs dakargvis saSiSroebis winaSe

ayenebs.

saxelmwifo dafinansebaSi aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreoba faqtiurad ar

aris an Zalze bundovnad aris gaTvaliswinebuli.

9.3. adamianuri resursebi tradiciul rewvis potenciali saqarTveloSi ar aris srulad gamoyenebuli. amJamad

sferoSi dasaqmebulia daaxloebiT 1500 individi rac saqarTvelos ekonomikurad

aqtiuri mosaxleobis mxolod 0.07%-s Seadgens;

umniSvnelovanes problemad ikveTeba axalgazrdebis mcire daintereseba, rac

tradiciuli rewvis rigi dargebis “daberebas” (gansakuTrebiT kacebis dasaqmebis

dargebi) iwvevs, aferxebs Taobidan Taobaze codnis gavrcelbas da tradiciuli

teqnikebis dakargvis saSiSroebas qmnis.

9.4. regionaluri gavrceleba

tradiciuli rewva ganuviTarebeli infrasturqturis gamo ver asrulebs Tavis rols

regionebis, da kerZod sasoflo dasaxlebebis ganviTarebaSi, razedac metyvelebs misi

koncentracia urbanul zonaSi (mwarmoebelaTa 72%).

saqarTvelos regionebSi aSkarad SeimCneva tradiciuli rewvis wamaxalisebeli

programebis da iniciativebis nakleboba



104

9.5. mwarmoeblis struqtura samewarmeo statusis mixedviT

sferos umetesi nawili realurad aRuricxavia, rac arTulebs ekonomikuri statistikis

warmoebas da aseve dargis ganviTarebis ekonomikuri gegmisa da prognozebis gakeTebas.

amis mizezebad SeiZleba dasaxeldes: a. naklebi gaTviTcnobierebuloba sagadasaxado

statusebis da registraciis aucileblobis/formebis Sesaxeb; b. bundovani da rTulad

gasagebi sagadasaxado kodeqsi, romelic sagadasaxado uwyebasTan urTierTobis SiSsac

ki iwvevs. regionebSi, gasakuTrebiT soflad mcxovrebi ostatebisTvis sagadasaxadosTan

urTierTobis damatebiTi satransporto da drois danaxarjebTan kavSiri.

9.6. dargobrivi problemebi

9.6.1. teqstili

teqstilis jgufi, romelic, rogorc araerTxel aRiniSna, yvelaze didi kategorias

warmoadgens gansakuTrebiT ganicdis xarisxis problemas. es upirvelesad exeba bolo

dros masobrivad gavrcelebul Teqas, sadac xSirad vxvdebiT Telvis saxameblis

gamoyenebas (adre es xangrZlivi TelviT miiRweoda) da aseve Teqis kombinirebas sxva,

xSirad xelovnur da uxarisxo qsovilebTan.

naklebad gamocdili kadrebis mier axali tipis produqciis da gamartivebuli teqnikis

gamoyenebam umetes SemTxvevaSi Teqis produqciis xarisxi mniSvnelovnad gaauaresa.

naqargobis teqnologiur jgufSi, sadac Warbobs fSav-xevsureTisTvis tipiuri jvruli

naqargoba, SeimCneva saqarTvelos regionaluri gansxvavebebis nivelireba. bazarze

arsebuli naqargi produqciisTvis aseve damaxasiaTebelia funqciuri kategoriebis da

maTi formebis standartuloba, tipiuri formebi, romelic naklebad aris tradiciuli,

Tumca verc Tanamedrove bazris moTxovnas akmayofilebs.

iseve, rogorc Teqis nawarmSi, naqarg produqciaSic xSirad vxvdebiT dabali xarisxis

namuSevrebs, rac gamoixateba feradovani Sexamebebis siWreleSi. es erTi mxriv,

ganpirobebulia importirebuli saqargavi Zafebis palitriT, romelic gansxvavdeba

tradiciuli bunebrivi saRebavebiT miRebuli TavSekavebuli feradovnebisgan, meore

mxriv Sromis ekonomiis mizniT gviristis zomis gazrdiT, rac aseve dabla swevs

produqciis dones.

mkveTri qimiri ferebis da xelovnuri Zafis gamoyeneba SeimCneva CxiriT naqsov

produqciaSic, rac didwilad agdebs maT xarisxs.

mniSvnelovani problemaa xelnakeTi Zafebis da tradiciul bunebriv saRebavebSi

SeRebili nawarmis deficiti.

90-iani wlebis Semdeg arsebuli fabrikebis daxurvis Semdeg sagrZnoblad dasustda

dazgaze qsovis teqologiuri jgufi, dReisaTvis teqstilSi momuSave gamokiTxul

ostatTa 10.5%-i dakavebulia dazgaze qsoviT.

saqarTveloSi tradiciulad xdeboda dazgaze bambis, Salis, abreSumis, selis qsovilis

qsova. samwuxarod dReisaTvis mxolod erTeuli SemTxvevebia dafiqsirebuli, rac

fabrikuli qsovilis mravalferovnebis da xelmisawvdomobis pirobebSi xeliT naqsov

qsovilze dabali moTxovniTaa ganpirobebuli.

faqtiurad dakargvis piras aris meabreSumeobis tradicia, romelic saqarTveloSi V

saukuneebidan dasturdeba.



105

iSviaTobaa moCiTuli qsovilic, romelic Secvlilia kompiuteruli beWdviT

Sesrulebuli qsovilebiT, romlebic teqnikis sruli meqanizaciis garda, xelovnuri

qsovilis da anabeWdis dabali xarisxiT gamoirCeva. amasTan moCiTuli qsovilis

arsebuli produqcia, funqcionaluri TvalsazrisiT, sakmaod mwir asortiments iZleva.

9.6.2. keramika

keramikis problemebs Soris aRsaniSnavia mcxeTa-mTianeTSi - (mcxeTa) 17% da 11%;

kaxeTSi (Telavi, iyalTo) keramikuli warmoebis “daknineba”.

xarisxis TvalsazrisiT SeimCneva gasxvaveba Tbilissa da regionebs Soris. ZiriTadad,

TbilisSi nawarmoebi produqcis ufro maRali xarisxisaa, regionebSi ki Warbobs

dabali xarisxis kiCizaciisken midrekili suveniruli produqcia.

keramikis teqnologiuri jgufisTvis mniSvnelovani problemaa nedleulis mopoveba.

arsebuli karierebidan Tixis mopoveba, misi damuSaveba da realizacia legalurad ar

mimdinareobs, Sesabamisad, Tixis Sesyidvis kanonieri gzebi Zalze SezRudulia.

keramikosTa umetesobas uwevs ukanono gzebiT moipovos masala, rac Tavis mxriv, did

problemas uqnis dargis Semdgom ganviTarebas.

9.6.3. minanqari

geografiuli ganawilebis TvalsazrisiT mkveTrad aris gamorCeuli minanqris

koncentracia qalaqebSi (gamokiTxul ostatTa 44% TbilisSi, xolo 91% urbanul

zonaSi cxovrobs).

bolo wlebSi minanqris produqciis popularobam, sagrZnoblad daagdo produqciis

xarisxi. amasTan minanqris ostatebis umetesoba namuSevrebisTvis SekveTil an mza

formebs iyenebs, rac minanqris produqciis standartizacias iwvevs.

9.6.4. xis damuSaveba

xis teqnologiur jgufSi sakmaod dabalia axalgazrdaTa wili, 35 wlamde ostatebze

modis mxolod 20.93%.

aqve unda aRiniSnos, tradiciuli xuroobac, romelic gaqrobis pirasaa, radgan

ostatTa umetesoba, dReisaTvis moTxovnis klebasTan erTad, am mimarTulebiT aRar

muSaobs, TumcaRa flobs aRniSnul unarebs.

xis damuSavebaSi ZiriTadi gamovlenili problemebi nedleulis mopovebas Seexeba.

vinaidan xis Wra mkacrad kontrolirebad sferos warmoadgens, xSirad ostatebs ar

aqvT SesaZlebloba moipovon maTTvis gamosadegi erTiani xis masala. am mizeziT raWaSi

aRar mzaddeba tradiciuli xis sawnaxelebi (xorgoebi), romelTa damzadebisTvis

gamoiyeneboda erTiani Txilis merqani.

dakargvis pirasaa akvnebis da navebis damzadebis teqnologiebi.

9.6.5. liTonis damuSaveba

liTonis produqcia ar gamoirCeva didi mravalferovnebiT. ZiriTadad warmodgenilia

samkaulebi, iaraRi (xanjlebi, danebi), saeklesio nivTebi. faqtiurad ar gvxvdeba

saojaxo daniSnulebis nivTebi, gamonaklisia LliTonis aveji. samuzeumo aslebi,

romlebic Tanamedrove tradiciuli rewvis mniSvnelovan nawils warmoadgens.

dabali xarisxiT gamoirCeva kiCizaciisken midrekili melxioris dekoratiuli

suvenirebi, iaraRi, Tasebi, yanwebi, da sxva.

am teqnologiur jgufis problemebs Soris SeiZleba davasaxeloT Zvirfasi liTonebis

qveynidan gatanasTan dakavSirebuli problema, romelic xels uSlis oqromWedelTa

namuSevrebis eqsports.



106

9.6.6. qvaze kveTa

qvaze kveTis teqnologiuri jgufis problemebs Soris SeiZleba dasaxeldes nedleuli

problema. mag. tyibulSi giSris resuresebis miuxedavad, nedleulis mompovebeli

industriis ararsebobis gamo ostatebs masalis mopovebis kuTxiT mniSvnelovani

problemebi eqmnebaT.

am dargSi calke aRniSvnis Rirsia qvis kecebis damzadeba. kvlevis dros guriis

regionSi gamovlinda ori ostati, romlebic agrZelebs qvis kecebis damzadebas, rac,

Tavis mxriv, am xelobis dakargvis realur safrTxeze miuTiTebs.

9.6.7. mina, tyavi, qaRaldi, wnuli

dReisaTvis aRniSnuli dargebi qarTul tradiciul rewvaSi Zalzed mwirad aris

warmodgenili.

mina mniSvnelovan kriziss ganicdis, rac pirvel yovlisa ganpirobebulia am dargis

infrastruqturuli sistemis rRveviT da teqnologiuri sirTuleebiT. moiTxovs ra

maRal temperaturas, rogorc wesi namuSevrebi iqmneboda ara individualur

saxelosnoebSi, aramed minis sawarmoebSi arsebul RumelebSi. amJamad minis sawarmoebis

raodenoba mcirea, aRniSnuli kavSirebis darRvevis, ostatebs aRar miuwvdebaT xeli

Rumelebze da Sesabamisad veRar qmnian namuSevrebs.

tyavis damuSaveba. miuxedavad imisa, rom tyavis damuSaveba da Semdgomi gamoyeneba

qveynis masStabiT mimdinareobs (ikereba fexsacmeli, CanTebi) tradiciuli

teqnologiebisa da dizainis gamoyeneba sakmaod iSviaTia.

mownul produqciaSi SeimCneva funqciis da dizainis erTferovneba.

9.7. saxelosnoebi da danadgarebi saqarTvelos masStabiT saxelosnoebis mniSvnelovani nawili saWiroebs

infrastruqturul mxardaWeras _ danadgarebis ganaxlebas, farTis optimalur

aTvisebas, interieris saTanado ganaxleba-gaformebas.

tradiciuli rewvis warmoebis ganviTarebas xels uSlis iaraRebisa da danagdarebis

arasrulyofilad gamoyenebis problema, rac ganpirobebulia umeteswilad saxsrebis

uqonlobiT, magram aseve teqnologiuri inovaciis mniSvnelobis arasaTandod gaazrebiT.

xSirad ostatebi ar arian informirebulebi im teqnologiuri siaxleebis Sesaxeb, rac

wundebuli produqciis minimalizacias da Sromis ekonomiis winapirobaa.

mniSvnelovan problemas warmoadgens tradiciuli rewvis saxelosnoebisTvis

gamoyofili sajaro sivrceebis nakleboba, magaliTad qveynis masStabiT qalaqis Tu

soflebis istoriul nawilSi, mxareTmcodneobis muzeumebTan da sxva dawesebulebebTan

amgvari sivrceebis ar arseboba, rac Tavis mxriv, gazrdida maT turistul potencials.

9.8. produqcia, distribucia, bazari, momxmarebeli, gayidvebi

saqarTveloSi tradiciul rewvis bazarze arsebuli produqciis umetesoba ganicdis

inovaciurobis, dRevandel yofasTan misadagebis deficits.

tradiciul rewvaSi ar moqmedebs xarisxis kontrolis raime gamarTuli meqanizmi, rac

produqciis xarisxSi mniSvnelovan gansxvavebebs iwvevs.

produqcia metwilad orientirebulia ucxoel myidvelze, rac zRudavs momxmareblis

kategoriebs da iwvevs gayidvebis sezonurobas.



107

produqciis maRali TviTRirebuleba warmoadgens tradiciuli rewvis erT-erT

mniSvnelovan problemas.

saqarTveloSi tradiciul rewvas ar gaaCnia raime saxis sadistribucio qseli, rac

mniSvnelovnad zRudavs produqciis mimoqcevas.



Tamxlebi informacia.

aranakleb mniSvnelovania wardgena-eqponirebis sakiTxi, romelic marketinigis



umetes SemTxvevaSi, sadac garda imisa, ar aris produqciis xarisxis kontroli,

eqspoziciac sruliad SemTxveviT, qaotur xasiaT atarebs.

SezRudulia gayidvebis arxebi: ostatebis 81.3% gayidvebis 3 an nakleb arxs mimarTavs,

amaTan metad gamoiyeneba gayidvebis pirdapiri arxebi, rac erTi mxriv distribuciis

qselis ar arsebobiT da meore mxriv savaWro obieqtebTan TanamSromlobisTvis

sagadasaxado statusis saWiroeba ganapirobebs.

tradiciuli rewvis saqarTvelos eqsportSi gamoyofa ver xerxdeba sasaqonlo kodebSi

misi gamijnvis SeuZleblobis gamo.

ar arsobos tradciiuli rewvis eqsportis ganviTarebis mizanmimarTuri programa.

marTalia ostatebis 5.8% aRniSnavs, rom namuSevrebis realizacias eqsportis gziT

axorcielebs, magram, rogorc wesi es arastabiluri da wyvetili procesia.

9.9. saganmanaTleblo baza, dawesebulebebi da maTi problemebi

niSvnelovania problemaa tradiciuli rewvis ostatebsa da Uprofesiul wreebs, maT

Soris umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebs Soris gawyvetili kontaqti.

aqve unda aRiniSnos saskolo programebSic ostatebis dasaqmebac, Tumca samwuxarod

zogierT SemTxvevaSi pedagogebis SerCevisas ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli regionSi

arsebuli ufro Rirebuli adamianuri resursebis arseboba, rac, Tavis mxriv,

saganmanaTleblo da kulturul wreebs Soris arakoordinirebuli moqmedebis Sedegia.

aseve aRsaniSnavia erovnul saswavlo gegmaSi CarTuli kulturuli memkvidreobis

dacvaze orientirebuli 67 , an tradiciuli rewvis mimarTulebis saxelmZRvaneloebis

ararseboba.

67 ამჟამად დამუშავების პროცესშია ICOMOS საქართველოს მიერ ევროკავშირის აღმოსავლეთ პარტნიორობის კულტურის პროგრამის ფარგლებში შემუშავებული დამხმარე სახელმძღვანელო პედაგოგებისთვის „კულტურული მემკვიდრეობის ძეგლებისა და ისტორიული ქალაქების დაცვა (შესავალი კურსი საშუალო და საბაზო კლასის მოსწავლეთათვის)“.



108

10. rekomendaciebi

10.1. organizaciuli struqtura

samTavrobo uwyebaTSorisi TanamSromloba da saerTo strategia

tradiciuli rewvis seqtoris ganviTarebisTvis upirveles yovlisa aucilebelia

aRniSnuli dargis erTi mxriv, rogorc kulturuli industriebis Semadgeneli nawilis,

xolo meore mxriv, aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis mniSvnelobis

deklarireba qveynis kulturis politikaSi, rac SemdgomSi seqtoris ganviTarebaze

mimarTuli sxvadasxva iniciativebis ganxorcielebis winapiroba iqneba. SemoqmedebiTi

industriebis roli naTlad aris gacxadebuli didi britaneTis, niderlandebis, daniis,

SvedeTis, fineTis, safrangeTis da germaniis, italiis, portugaliis, litvis, CexeTis,

bulgareTis, estoneTis da irlandiis erovnul politikaSi. 68 FsaerTaSoriso

gamocdileba aCvenebs, rom maTi efeqturi ganxorcielebis Sedegad araerTi samuSao

adgili Seiqmna, mravali regioni gamococxlda, gaizarda maTi turistuli

mimzidveloba. grZelvadiani strategiis mizanmimarTuli ganxorcielebis Sedegad mag.

didi britaneTis SemoqmedebiTi industriebis seqtori erT-erTi yvelaze swrafad

mzardi ekonomikuri seqtoria. jer kidev 2005 wlisTvis am seqtorSi 1.3 milioni adamiani

iyo dasaqmebuli, misi Semosavali ki 112,5 miliardi funti sterlingi iyo.

tradiciuli rewvis seqtoris ganviTarebisTvis aucilebelia sistemuri midgoma, rac

upirvelesad mdgomareobs uwyebaTaSoris TanamSromlobis da saerTo politikis

arsebobaSi. es moicavs iseT saxelmwifo struqturebs, rogoricaa kulturisa da

ZeglTa dacvis saministros da ZeglTa dacvis erovnuli saagentos, ekonomikisa da

mdgradi ganviTarebis saministrosa da turizmis erovnuli administraciis, ganaTlebisa

da mecnierebis, garemos dacvis, regionuli ganviTarebisa da infrastruqturis,

finansTa, sportisa da axalgazrdobis saqmeTa saministroebsa da saparlamento

komitetebis, saqarTvelos savaWro-samrewvelo palatis, statistikis erovnuli

samsaxuris da sxva dakavSirebuli saxelmwifo organoebs Soris mWidro

TanamSromlobas.

Sesabamisad, saqarTveloSi ganviTarebuli qveyanebis msgavsad, kulturis, ekonomikuri

da regionaluri ganviTarebis, sagamnaTleblo, socialur, garemosdacviT da sxva

starategiebSi tradiciuli rewvis mxardasaWeri politikis gatareba seqtoris

kulturuli, ekonomikuri da socialuri ganviTarebis platformad qcevis winapiroba

iqneba.

tradiciuli rewvis seqtoris mxardaWeris politikis gasatareblad aucilebelia,

rogorc saministroebs Soris TanamSromloba ise, mmarTvelobis sxvadasxva doneebs -

centralur da adgilobriv mTavrobebs Soris mWidro kavSiri.

aRniSnulis gansaxorcieleblad sasurvelia kulturisa da ZeglTa dacvis saministros

da saqarTvelos ekonomikisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis saministroebis TanamSromlobiT

Seiqmnas eqspertTa samuSao jgufi romelic, saerTaSoriso praqtikasa da konvenciebis

moTxovnebis Sesabamisad, SeimuSavebs saqarTveloSi tradiciuli rewvis ganviTarebis

saxelmwifo startegias.

68 The entrepreneurial dimension of the cultural and creative industries, Utrecht School of Arts K2M ltd, Eurokleis S.r.L, For the Education & Culture DG of the EC, November 2011., p. 51



109

saxelmwifo doneze aucilebelia mdgradobis gaZliereba, tradiciuli rewvis da

zogadad aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis ZiriTadi rgolebisTvis, rac

gamoixateba rogorc adamianuris resursebis, aseve am sferos dafinansebis gazrdaSi

seqtoris ganviTarebaze mimarTuli saerTo strategiis paralelurad da SemuSavebuli

samoqmedo gegmis Sesabamisad aucilebelia konkretuli programebis SemuSaveba da

ganxorcieleba, romelic uzrunvelyofs dargis sxvadasxva sferoSi gamovlenili

problemebis daZlevas, mag. tradiciuli rewvis ostatebisaTvis statusis miniWebisa da

waxalisebis strategiebis SemuSaveba; aseve saganamaTlebo, sapopularizacio da sxva

aqtivobebi.

sasurveli iqneboda aRniSnuli programebis da saxelwifo grantebis gacemis

prerogativa miekuTvnos tradiciuli rewvis Tematikaze momuSave romelime arsebuli

sips, rac uzrunvelyofda am qmedebebis mizanmimarTulobasa da ukeTes koordinacias.

tradiciuli rewvis da zogadad kulturis statistikisa warmoebis gaumjobeseba,

tradiciuli rewvis seqtoris tendenciebisa da saWiroebebze dayrdnobiT

prioritetebis gansazRvrisTvis aucilebelia tradiciuli rewvis maCveneblebis

statistikis warmoebis saerTaSoriso standartebis arsebul sistemaSi integracia da

regularuli gamoqveyneba; amavdroulad, aucilebelia periodulad ganxorcieldes

mimzanmimarTuli kvlevebi, raTa Sefasdes seqtoris masStabebi da dinamika. aseve

gamoikveTos saqarTvelos niSa saerTaSoriso bazarze.

kerZod, tradiciuli rewvis seqtoris statistikis warmoebisTvis aucilebelia

gaTvaliswinebul iqnas konkretuli RonisZiebebi, maT Soris:

sxvadasxva qveyana regularulad aqveynebs kulturisa da SemoqmedebiTi industriebis

statistikis angariSebs (mag. avstralia, CineTi, CexeTi, safrangeTi, germania, indoeTi,

axali zelandia, tailandi, didi britaneTi). Sesabamisad, sasurvelia saqarTvelom

gaiziaros romelime miRebuli statistikuri modeli da danergos aRniSnuli praqtika.

tradiciuli rewva seqtoris mniSvnelovani nawilia da saerTaSoriso klasifikaciebSi

(ISIC da ISCO) sagangebod aris identificirebuli.

ISIC NIACE klasifikaciebze dayrdnobiT saqstatma unda SeimuSavos da moagrovos

tradiciuli rewvis warmoebasTan dakavSirebuli regularuli, Tundac Zalze

SezRuduli raodenobis monacemi. mag. saiuveliro nawarmis warmoeba.

saqstatma sagangebod unda gamoyos rewvis sakiTxi da misi wili Sinameurneobis

integrirebul kvlevebSi. es moiTxovs mcire cvlilebebs ukve arsebuli kiTxvarebSi da

ar saWiroebs damatebiT kiTxvebis CarTvas kvlevaSi.

saqstatis mxridan tradiciuli rewvis seqtorTan dakavSirebuli damatebiTi

statistikuri monacemebis SegrovebisaTvis resursebis ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi,

aucilebelia arsebobdes teqnikurad uzrunvelyofili samoqalaqo sazogadoebrivi

organizaciebi, romlebic sferos kvlevas awarmoeben. es rewvis seqtoris statistikas

SesabamisobaSi moiyvans saqstatis meTodologiasTan;

saqstatma unda gaiTvaliswinos evrokavSiris modelis mixedviT yovel 2-3 weliwadSi

Catarebuli “kulturul cxovrebaSi CarTulobis” kvleva, da kulturuli aqtivobebis

ufro farTo speqtri moicvas. garda koncertebis, gamofenebis, speqtaklebze daswrebis

Sesaxeb monacemebisa, kvleva unda moicavdes informacias kulturuli saqonlis

(xelovnebis nimuSebi, rewva, wignebi) moxmarebis, mflobelobis da SeZenis Sesaxeb; 69

69 saimon elisi, samxreT kavkasiis tradiciuli rewva, Tbilisis regionaluri Sexvedris angariSi da

rekomendaciebi (29.11.1012-1.12.2012)



110

kulturuli industriebis damfinansebeli fondebis Seqmna mniSvnelovnad gaamyarebs

tradiciuli rewvis da zogadad kulturuli industriebis instituciur bazas. aRniSnul sferoSi evropaSi moqmedebs 3 tipis fondebi70.

• damoukidebeli da sazogadoebrivi fondebi, romelTa mniSvneloba da raodenoba

ganuxrelad izrdeba, es fondebi dafinansebas gascemen individualuri grantebis,

sagranto proeqtebis, Semowirulobebis In-kind Senatanis saxiT. maTi mxardaWera

vrceldeba kulturis konkretul dargebze; ZiriTadad (60%) afinanseben erovnul

proeqtebs. • korporatiuli fondebi, romlebic iqmebian kompaniebis mier da mTlianad

damokidebuli arian dafuZneblis dafinansebaze. maT, rogorc wesi gansxvavebuli

miznebi, intereis sferoebi saxelmZRvanelo principebi aqvT. • saxelmwifo dafinansebis mqone fondebi Cveulebriv saxelmwifo subsidiebs iReben.

marTalia dRes evropaSi bevri saxelmwifo fondi gadakeTda kerZo fondad, magram

isini dResac saxlmwifos did finansur mxardaWeras iReben, Tumca aqvT

SesaZlebloba miiRon sagadasaxado SeRavaTebi, kerZo Semowirulobebi da a.S.

saqarTvelos SemTxvevaSi sasurveli iqneboda damoukidebeli fondis arseboba,

romelsac eqneboda saxelmwifo dafinanseba da, amave dros, moiZiebda damatebiT

saxsrebs sxva wyaroebidan. Sedegad is SeZlebda kulturis dafinansebisTvis arsebuli

saxsrebis mobilizacias, kulturis dafinansebis koordinacias da monitorings.

saqarTvelos tradiciuli rewvis asociaciisa da dargobrivi profesiuli kavSirebis

Camoyalibeba

tradiciuli rewvis arasamTavrobo seqtoris gasaZliereblad aucilebelia

“saqarTvelos tradiciuli rewvis asociaciis” Camoyalbeba. winamdebare kvlevis

farglebSi gamokiTxuli individualuri mwarmoebelTa da organizaciaTa 85%-ma

gamoTqva msgavsi asociaciis wevrobis survili.

saerTaSoriso praqtikaSi araerT magaliTis vxvdebiT, rodesac tradiciuli rewvisa da

xelosnobis asociaciebis, gildiebisa da sxva tipis kavSirebi efeqturad

funqcionireben da umniSvnelovanes rols asruleben seqtoris ganviTarebaSi. Aam mxriv

gansakuTrebiT mdidaria didi britaneTi, sadac Seqmnilia iseTi organizaciebi,

rogoricaa “tradiciuli rewvis asociacia” 71, “tradiciuli rewvis sabWo” 72 da mravali

dargobrivi da regionaluri principiT gaerTianebuli amqari 73 , romlebic erToblivi

ZalisxmeviT iRwvian seqtoris ganviTarebisTvis.

“saqarTvelos tradiciuli rewvis asociaciis” Seqmna aucilebelia, raTa organizaciam

mizanmimarTulad da efeqturad imuSaos seqtoris Semdgomi ganviTarebisTvis,

ganaxorcielos iseTi aqtovobebi, rogoricaa:

• seqtoris iniciativebis koordinacia;

• rewvis ostatebs, organizaciebs da Sualedur rgolebs Soris (masalis

momwodeblebi, distrobicia, myidveli) TanamSromlobis xelSewyoba;

• rewvis produqciis ganviTarebis xelSewyoba da seqtors biznes unarebis

amaRleba;

• seqtoris ganviTarebis strategiebis SemuSaveba da Semdgomi advokatireba;

• tradiciuli rewvis ostatebisa da produqciis popularizacia;

• tradiciuli rewvis produqciis marketingis da eqsportis xelSewyoba;

70 European parliameny, Finanansing the Arts and Culture in the EU, Brussels, 2006. p 38 71 Heritage Crafts Association, www.heritagecrafts.org.uk 72 Crafts Council, http://www.craftscouncil.org.uk/ 73 British Artist Blacksmiths Association, www.baba.org.uk ; British Ceramics Biennial, www.britishceramicsbiennial.com; British Violin Making Association, www.bvma.org.uk ;Craft Guilds, www.craftanddesign.net/guilds

http://www.heritagecrafts.org.uk/

http://www.baba.org.uk/

http://www.britishceramicsbiennial.com/

http://www.bvma.org.uk/



111

• profesiuli konsultacia (produqciis ganviTarebis, brendingis, Tanxebis

moZiebis, iuridiuli, ekonomikuri da sxva sakiTxebis mimarTulebiT)

• mizanmimarTuli kvlevevis ganxorcieleba;

“saqarTvelos tradiciuli rewvis asociaciis” efeqturi funqcionirebisTvis aseve

sasurvelia Seiqmnas asociaciis regionuli sakoordinacio erTeulebi, romlebic

SesaZloa daarsdes rogorc saqarTvelos regionebSi moqmedi arasamTavrobo da saTemo

organizaciebis.

dargis komerciuli bazis gaumjobesebis mizniT sasurveli iqneboda tradiciuli

rewvis komerciuli centris Seqmna (Crafts Trade Center), romelic imuSavebda rogorc

produqciis, aseve adgilobrivi da saerTaSoriso bazris ganviTarebaze

10.2. iuridiuli baza

tradiciuli rewva, rogorc aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreoba

saqarTvelos samarTlebriv sivrceSi pirveladi aucileblobis sakiTxs tradiciuli

rewvis sferos identicirebis sakiTxi warmoadgens. vinaidan tradiciuli rewva

moiazreba, rogorc aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreoba, aRniSnuli seqtoris

regulireba mWidro kavSirSia aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvis

sakanonmdeblo bazasTan.

saqarTvelo “aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvis konvencia” 2007 wels

miuerTda, riTic saxelmwifom aRiara aramaterialuri memkvidreobis dacvis aucilebloba

da ikisra konvenciiT gavTvaliswinebuli valdebulebebi. Tumca amJamad saqarTveloSi

kulturuli memkvidreobis sferos da Sesabamisad tradiciuli rewvis sferos

regulireba xdeba “kulturuli memkvidreobis kanoniT”, romelSic aramaterialuri

kulturuli memkvidreoba mxolod zogadi Canaweris saxiT aris Setanili da ar

iTvaliswinebs akm specifikas, rac saswrafo sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebs moiTxovs.

saerTaSoriso praqtkaSi aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis sakanonmdeblo

regulirebis or ZiriTadad models vxvdebiT: 1. rodesac es sfero regulirdeba

damoukidebeli kanoniT „aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvis“ Sesaxeb

(mag. CineTi, latvia, somxeTi, ukraina, moldova da sxva); 2. rodesac aramaterialuri

memkvidreobis dacvasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi kulturuli memkvidreobis kanonSia

integrirebuli (magaliTad bulgareTi, alJiri, belorusia, yazaxeTi, vietnami da sxva).

vfiqrobT, saqarTvelos SemTxvevaSi sasurveli iqneboda pirveli modelis gamoyeneba da

aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvis kanonis calke Camoyalibeba 74 .

74 2013 wels saqarTvelos ZeglTa dacvis erovnuli saagentos iniciativiTa da “kulturis da menejmentis

laboratoriisa” da eqspertTa jgufis mier Seiqmna aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis kanonproeqti.

aRniSnuli kanonproeqtis samuSao jgufis wevri iyo xelovnebis saerTaSoriso centris TanamSromeli da

aRniSnuli kvlevis Tanaavtori ana SanSiaSvili, ramac, Tavis mxriv, saSualeba Seqmna kvlevis Sedegad

SemuSavebuli rekomendaciebis kanonproeqtSi integrirebisa. materialuri da aramaterialuri kulturuli

memkvidreobis dacvis meqanizmebis gansxvavebuli specifikidan gamomdinare, (Tu pirveli dacvaSi metwilad

gulisxmobs aRmkveT RonisZiebebs, meore SemTxvevaSi ZiriTadi dacvis meqanizmi ganaTlebis stimulirebasa da

sxva xelSemwyobi RonisZiebebis gatarebaSi mdgomareobs), kanonproeqti iTvaliswinebs “kulturuli

memkvidreobis kanonSi” cvlilebas da aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis kanonis calke gamoyofas.

amJamad, mimdinareobs kanonis samuSao versiis ganxilva sxvadasxva samTavrobo struqturebTan.



112

kanonSi dafiqsirebuli da ganmartebuli unda iyos terminebi `tradiciuli rewva~, da

sxva, romlebic sferos mkacri gansazrvis safuZvels Seqmnian. aqve unda iyos

gansazRvruli tradiciuli rewvis sferosTan dakavSirebuli teqnikuri sakiTxebi,

iuridiuli regulaciebi da meqanizmebi, (rac konvenciebSi deklarirebuli miznebis

misaRwevad unda Seiqmnas)

aucilebelia SemuSavdes “safrTxis qveS myofi akm-s” statusi, rac SemdgomSi maTi

SenarCunebaze mimarTuli specialuri programebis ganxorcielebis winapiroba unda

iyos.

amavdroulad dasaxvewia aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis saaRricxvo baraTis

forma da Zeglis statusis miniWebis kriteriumebi, romelic akm-s specifikis

gaTvaliwinebiT unda adaptirdes.

“cocxali saganZuri”-s programis inicireba da rewvis ostatebisTvis statusis miniWeba

tradiciuli rewvis ostatebis xelSewyobisTvis, popularizaciisa da sazogadoebaSi

maTi rolis asamaRleblad aucilebelia saqarTvelo, rogorc konvenciis xelmomweri

qveyana aseve SeuerTdes iuneskos iniciativas „adamiani - cocxali saganZuria”, romelic

vietnamis iniciativiT daarsda da 1993 wlidan moqmedebs. 75 14 wlis Semdeg mas 6 qveyana

SeuerTda: filipinebi, tailandi, rumineTi, safrangeTi, CexeTi, bulgareTi. programa

iTvaliswinebs akm-s gansakuTrebuli codniTa da unar-CvevebiT gamoirCeuli

matareblebis aRiarebiT da sazogadoebaSi maTi rolis amaRlebiT akm-s elementebis

Taobidan Taobaze gadacemis uzrunvelyofas.

cocxal saganZurad moiazreba akm-s matarebeli, romelic codnis an Sesrulebis

umaRlesi ostatobiT gamoirCeva, rac am tradiciis gadacemisTvis da Semdgomi

sicocxlisunarianobisTvis aucilebeli pirobaa. saxelmwifoebma isini aRiares, rogorc

cocxali akm-s tradiciebis gansakuTrebuli matareblebi. aseTi nusxebis Seqmnis mizania

im codnis, unar-Cvevebis SenarCuneba, maT gadacemisaTvis xelSewyoba, romelsac

cocxali matareblebi floben. programis moTxovnis Sesabamisad, aRniSnuli

saxelmwifoebi sakanonmdeblo doneze qmnian dacvis saxelmwifo meqanizmebs.

yoveli qveyana iuneskos „cocxali saganZuris“ koncefciis Sesabamisad, Tavad adgens am

wodebis saxels, safrangeTSi mas „xelovnebis ostati“ ewodeba, CexeTSi - „xelosnomis

tradiciebis matarebeli“, koreaSi - „erovnuli cocxali saganZuri“ da a.S.

sazogadeobrivi statusis amaRlebis paralelurad am wodebis mTavari arsi akm-s

tradiciebis gadacemis xelSewyobaa. amdenad, “cocxali saganZuris” statusi finansuri

xelSewyobis meqanizmsac warmoadgens, rasac yoveli qveyana Tavad gansazRvravs, iqneba

es erTjeradi premia, stipendia, Tu garkveuli sagadasaxado SeRavaTebi.76

aRniSnuli programis sakanonmdeblo doneze (aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis

kanonSi integracia) inicireba saqarTveloSi erTi mxriv, arsebiTi daxmareba iqneba

damsaxurebuli ostatebisTvis, meore mxriv ki axalgazrda TaobisTvis tradiciebis

gadacemis da maTi waxalisebis mniSvnelovani winapiroba iqneba.

bunebrivi resursebiT sargeblobasTan dakavSirebuli SeRavaTebi

sasurvelia, gaTvaliswinebuli iyos tradiciuli rewvis sferoSi momuSve ostatebis

mier bunebrivi resursebiT sargeblobis SesaZlebloba garkveuli SeRavaTebiTa da

75 Guidelines for the Establishment of National “Living Human Treasures” Systems, http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/FIELD/Apia/pdf/00031-EN.pdf 76 Guidelines for the Establishment of National “Living Human Treasures” Systems, http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/FIELD/Apia/pdf/00031-EN.pdf. გვ.9

http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/FIELD/Apia/pdf/00031-EN.pdf

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113

specialuri nebarTvebis gareSe. iseve, rogorc “bunebrivi resursebiT sargeblobisaTvis

mosakreblis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonis” me7 muxlSi es SeRavaTi dawesebulia

bunebrivi resursebis mopovebasTan dakavSirebul samecniero da kulturul-

saganmanaTleblo saqmianobas mimarTebaSi;

materialuri Zeglebis obieqtebis aslebis damzadebasTan dakavSirebuli sakanonmdeblo sakiTxebi

aucilebelia materialuri Zeglebis obieqtebis aslebis damzadebis sakiTxebi

gansazRvra, rogorc “kulturuli memkvidreobis”, ise “saqarTvelos muzeumebis kanonSi”;

cvlileba saqarTvelodan kulturul faseulobaTa gatanisa da saqarTveloSi

Semotanis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonSi

aucilebelia cvlilebebi Sevides saqarTvelodan kulturul faseulobaTa gatanisa da

saqarTveloSi Semotanis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonSic, sadac unda SemoSavdes zusti gansazRvreba “eTnografiuli masalisa”, romlis qveynidan gatanac specialuri

nebarTvis saWiroebs da “suvenirebisa”, romelTa qveynidan gatanac ar saWiroebs

specialur nebarTvas.

tradiciuli rewvis samewarmeo saqmianobis xelSewyoba

rogorc ukve aRiniSna, saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobaSi ara aris mkveTrad gansazRvruli

tradiciuli rewvis samewarmeo statusi, vinaidan, mewarmeTa Sesaxeb kanonis Tanaxmad,

saxelovnebo saqmianoba ar iTvleba samewarmeo saqmianobad. upirveles yovlisa

aucilebelia kanonSi terminis “saxelovnebo saqmianobis” dazusteba da saqmianobebis

mkacri gansazRvra, Tumca, gamomdinare iqidan, rom winamdebare kvlevis erT-erT mizans

tradiciuli rewvis ekonomikuri SesaZleblobebis, seqtoris rogorc saqarTvelos

ekonomikis erT-erTi perspeqtiuli dargis warmoCena warmoadgens, mizanSewonilad ar

migvaCnia am CamonaTvalSi tradiciuli rewvis Setana.. metad upriani iqneboda

tradiciuli rewvis samewarmeo saqmianobis waxalisebis da biznesis xelSewyobis

sqemebis SemuSaveba.

sferos samewarmeo saqmianobis xelSewyobis mizniT sasurveli iqneboda sagadasaxado

kodeqsSi arsebuli SeRavaTi dRg-gan gaTavisuflebas CaTvlis uflebis gareSe,

romelic sxva SemTxvevebis garda vrceldeba aseve “piris mier saqarTvelos kulturisa

da ZeglTa dacvis saministrosTan SeTanxmebiT msoflio memkvidreobis nusxaSi

Setanili, erovnuli mniSvnelobis kategoriis an/da sakulto-religiuri daniSnulebis

kulturuli memkvidreobis Zeglebis sarestavracio, sareabilitacio, saproeqto da

kvleviTi samuSaoebis Sesrulebaze;” 77 formulireba Seicvalos imgavrada, rom siaSi

moxvdes safrTxis qveS myofi aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis Zeglebis

Seswavlas, aRdgenasa da, praqticirebasTan dakavSirebuli saqmianoba.

aseve mizanSewonili iqneboda evrokavSiris bolodroindeli iniciativis gaziareba,

romelic Seexeba Sromatevadi SemoqmedebiTi momsaxurebis da produqciis, maT Soris

xelovnebis, kulturuli memkvidreobis da a.S. sferoebSi dRg SeravaTiani reJimebis

dawesebas78.

sasurveli iqneboda sagadasaxado kodeqsSi mag. turizmze dawesebuli SeRavaTebis

(mogebisgan gaTavisuflebis SemTxvevebi 79 ) magaliTis safuZvelze tradiciuli

rewvisTvis SeRavaTebis sistemis SemuSaveba.

aseve aucilebelia Seicvalos da saqarTveloSi gavrcelebuli funqciuri da

teqnologiuri jgufebis specifikis mixedviT daixvewos saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2010

77 საქართველოს საგადასახადო კოდექსი, მუხლი 168 78 Utrecht School of the Arts with K2M ltd and Eurokleis S.r.l., The entrepreneurial dimension of the cultural and creative industries. 2011 p.120 79 sagadasaxado kodeqsi. muxli 99



114

wlis 29 dekembris #415 dadgenilebaSi arsebuli CamonaTvali 80, romelic gansazRvRavs

im saqmianobebs, romlebic Tavisufldeba dawesebuli 30.000 laris zeda zRvarisgan81.

tradiciuli rewvis da zogadad saxelovnebo seqtorisTvis SeiZleba mniSvnelovani

iyos dRg-Ti dasabegri miwodebis wliuri brunvis gansazRvris meTodis cvlileba.

mniSvnelovnia rogorc wesi, amJamad saxelovnebo galeereebSi namuSevrebis realizebis

sqema Semdegia: saxelovnebo galeereebsa da avtorebs Soris formdeba e.w. „davalebis

xelSekruleba“, romlis ZaliTac avtori/mesakuTre „marwmuneblad“ gamodis xolo

galerea „rwmunebulad“. am xelSekrulebis Tanaxmad, sarealizacio obieqtis sakuTrebis

ufleba ucvleli rCeba, da galerea mxolod „realizatoris“ statusSi monawileobs,

misi Semosavali ki gaweuli momsaxurebis anazRaurebas warmoadgens. miuxedavad amisa,

realizaciisas srul angariSsworebas myidvelTan axdens galerea da obieqtis sruli

Rirebuleba, formalurad galereis SemosavalSi aisaxeba. Semdgom, mesakuTresTan

gaformebuli xelSekrulebis pirobebis Sesabamisad, galerea axdens masTan

angariSsworebas SeTanxmebuli saprocento ganakveTis Sesabamisad (rogorc wesi

sarealizacio Tanxis 70%-is odenobiT). aRsaniSnavia, rom zemoxsenebuli

angariSsworeba ibegreba, im SemTxvevaSi Tu avtori/mesakuTre fizikuri piria da

samewarmeo subieqtad registrirebuli ar aris, is ibegreba galereis mier saSemosavlo

gadasaxadiT - 20%-iT, xolo Tuki avtori/mesakuTre registrirebuli mewarme subieqtia,

is saTanado wesiT TviTon begravs miRebul Semosavals.

galereis Semosavali aRniSnuli miwodebidan, realurad Sedgeba sruli sarealizacio

Tanxis darCenili nawilisagans (rogorc wesi 30%), da es Tanxa srulad ibegreba

Sesabamisi gadasaxadebiT, maT Soris mogebis gadasaxadiT. galereis finansur brunvaze

aisaxeba mxolod misi Semosavali, rogoc mis mier gaweuli momsaxurebis anazRaureba.

mniSvnelovania, rom dRg-s wliuri brunvis zRvrebis dadgenisas ganixileba sruli

Tanxa da ara mxolod is odenoba, romelic galereis Semosavals warmoadgens.

Sesabamisad dRg-Ti dasabegri miwodeba moicavs im Tanxasac (70%), romelic

avtorma/mesakuTrem miiRo da romelic ukve srulad aris dabegrili.

mizanSewonilia, rom dRg-Ti dasabegri miwodebis wliuri brunvis gamoTvlisas

gaTvaliswinebuli iyos mxolod galereis Semosavlis nawili, sruli realizebuli

Tanxis 30%, rac realurad asaxavs galereis finansur brunvas.

pirdapiri SeRavaTebis garda mniSvnelovania saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobaSi dasavleTSi

SemoqmedebiTi industriebis sxvadasxva dargebSi dafinansebis moZiebis waxalisebiTvis

aprobirebuli sistemebis danergva, rac Semowirulobebsa da sferos dafinansebaze

gadasaxadebis gansakuTrebuli dabegvris reJimebs gulisxmobs. magaliTad belgiaSi

kinematografiaSi investiciebis stimulirebisTvis dawesebulia mogebis gadasaxadis

SeRavaTebi investirebuli Tanxis 150%-is odenobeiT (maqs. 750000 evro), holandiaSi

gadasaxadebze 1.3%-iani SeRavaTi dawesebulia kerZo pirebis investiciebze kulturis an

kulturaSi samewarmeo saqmianobis damfinansebeli fondebSi, irladiaSi arsebobs

SeRavaTebis ori sqema SCS da BES maTTvis vinc akeTebs investirebas gansazRvrul

irlandiur kompaniebSi da a.S. 82

80 “puloverebisa da analogiuri nawarmis warmoeba; zeda tansacmlis warmoeba, garda modelebis demonstrirebisa da Cvenebisa; sacvlebis warmoeba; Tavsaburavebis warmoeba; danarCeni tansacmlisa da aqsesuarebis warmoeba; xis sxvadasxva nawarmis warmoeba; tansacmlisa da Tavsaburavebis xis sakidebis warmoeba; xis saojaxo nivTebisa da samzareulos sakuTnoebis warmoeba; faifurisa da qaSanuris sameurneo-sayofacxovrebo nakeTobebis warmoeba; sameurneo-sayofacxovrebo WurWlisa da inventaris warmoeba; musikaluri instrumentebis warmoeba; akordeonebisa da analogiuri sakravebis, maT Soris, tuCis garmonikebis warmoeba; sasule musikaluri instrumentebis warmoeba; cocxebisa da jagrisebis warmoeba; ...; fexsacmlisa da tyavis nawarmis remonti; 81 მთავრობის დადგენილება #415, 2010 წლის 29 დეკემბერი 82 KEA. Promoting Investment in the Cultural and Creative Sector: Financing Needs, Trends and Opportunities. 2010. p.47



115

kulturis dafinansebaSi latariis fondebis mozidvis miznisT sasurveli iqneboda

saqarTvelos latariebis, azartuli da momgebiani TamaSebis mowyobis Sesaxeb kanoniT

ganisazRvros kulturis dafinansebaSi Sesatani mogebis procentis odenoba. evropis

qveynebSi kulturis dafinansebis aRniSnuli wyaro sul ufro popularuli xdeba.

magaliTad 2000 wels daniaSi latariidan miRebuli dafinanseba saxelmwifo

dafinansebis 16.77%-s Seadgenda, did britaneTSi 37.62%, fineTSi 71.38%.83

10.3. produqciis ganviTareba

rogorc aRiniSna saqarTveloSi tradiciul rewvis bazarze arsebuli produqciis

umetesoba ganicdis inovaciurobis, dRevandel yofasTan misadagebis deficits.

saerTaSoriso gamocdileba adasturebs, rom tradiciuli rewvis produqciis

warmatebuli marketingisTvis aucilebelia nawarmis mudmivi ganviTareba momxmareblis

moTxovnebis Sesabamisad.

produqciis ganviTareba ZiriTadad moicavs produqciis Semadgeneli sxvadasxva

elementis diversifikacias, kerZod:

funqcionalur diversifikacias, rac, moicavs rogorc funqciuri kategoriebis

gamravalferovnebas, ”suvenirulidan” meti aqcentis gamoyenebiT funqciaze gadatanas,

ise Tanamedrove cxovrebis stilTan Sesabamisi axali funqciebis Semotanas da arsebul

kategoriebSi funqciis Sesabamisi detalebis integrirebas (mag. CanTis SemTxveaSi

sarCuli, saxeluri, Sida jibe, Sesakravi). rogorc marketinguli kvlvevebi mowmobs,

dReisaTvis bazarze gayidvadobas mniSvnelovnad zrdis produqciis ara sacalo, aramed

“koleqciebad”, “nakrebebad” ganviTareba 84 . funqciuri diversifikacia SesaZloa

ganxorcieldes erTi funqciuri kategoriis farglebSi produqciis tipologiis

gamravalferovnebis gziT (mag. danebi: samzareulos danebis nakrebi, sakancelario

danebi, monadiris danebi, sufris danebi, mogzauris dasakeci dana da sxva). aseve

garkveuli niSniT gaerTianebuli produqciis axali xazis Seqmnis gziT (mag. sufris

aqsesuarebi, samuzeumo aslebi da sxva).

teqnologiur diversifikacias, rac gulisxmobs axali xelsawyoebis, masalebis

gamoyenebas, teqnikuri saSualebebis gaumjobesebas, teqnologiur procesis daxvewas,

rac, Tavis mxriv, iwvevs warmadobis zrdas, droisa da Sromis ekonomias da zogierT

SemTxvevaSi wundebuli produqciis Semcirebasa da xarisxis gaumjobesebasac. Tumca,

teqnologiuri procesis modifikaciisas aucileblad gasaTvaliswinebelia axali

teqnologiebis gamoyenebis principi, romelic ar unda ewinaaRmdegebodes

“xelnakeTobis” koncefcias da ar unda warmoadgendes Zalian uxeS Carevas tradiciul

teqnologiur procesSi.

dizainis diversifikacias, rac moicavs rogorc miviwyebuli tradiciuli formebis,

ornamentebis, feradovani gamis, masalis moZiebas, aRorZineba da axleburi kombinacias,

ise tradiciuli formebisa ornamentebis, da Tanamedrove formebis, feradovani gamisa

da masalis axlebur kombinacias.

zomebis diversifikacias, rac unda iTvaliswinebdes momxmareblis kategoriebs da

zomebis arsebul standartebs unda Seesabamebodes (windebi, samosi, samkauli,

aqsesuarebi, sufrebi, baliSispirebi da sxva).

83 European parliameny, Finanansing the Arts and Culture in the EU, Brussels, 2006. p 88 84 Lyn Nelson, GACC artisan Competition, Tbilisi, Georgia, June 2013, pp. 7



116

fasis diversifikacias, rac gulisxmobs produqciis fasis sxvadasxva momxmareblebis

kategoriis mixedviT gansazRvraSi da fasis kategoriebSi meti arCevanis SemotanaSi. am

TvalsazrisiT gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania potenciuri momxmareblis kategoriis, maTi

motivaciisa da fasis molodinis gansazRvra da mxolod amis Semdgom nawarmis

TviTRirebulebis (pirdapiri da iribi xarjebis) da mogebis gaTvaliwinebiT produqciis

gasayidi fasis gansazRvra da misi mizanSewonilobis analizi. aucilebelia

ganisazRvros konkurentunariani fasebi, romlebic Seesabameba produqciis xarisxs da

dizains.

aRniSnuli elementebis diversifikacia met SesaZleblobas Seqmnis saqarTvelos

bazarze arsebuli rewvis produqciis brendirebisTvis da rogorc adgilobrivad ise

saerTaSoriso bazarze marketingisTvis.

xarisxi

rogorc aRniSnulma kvlevam aCvena tradiciul rewvaSi ar moqmedebs xarisxis

kontrolis raime gamarTuli meqanizmi, rac produqciis xarisxSi mniSvnelovan

gansxvavebebs iwvevs.

mniSvnelovania, rom “saqarTvelos tradiciuli rewvis asociaciasTan” erTad

SemuSavdes xarisxis standartebi, romelic gaTvaliswinebuli iqneba sarealizacio

obieqtebis mier. msgavs praqtikas vxvdebiT mag. didi britaneTSi, sadac rewvis sabWom

SeimuSava xarisxis kontrolis standartebi, romlis meSveobiTac xdeba produqciis

ganviTareba da gaumjobeseba. 85

produqciis xarisxis gasaumjobeseblad aucileblad gasaTvalsiwinebelia is

elementebi, romlebic produqciis saboloo xarisxs gansazRvravs:

• gamoyenebuli masalis xarisxi, rac moicavs rogorc masalis gamZleobas,

faqturas, ise janmrTelobisTvis saziano masalebis amoRebas gamoyenebidan. aseve

sinTetikuri, qimiuri masalebis bunebriviT Canacvlebas.

• Sesrulebis xarisxi, rac gulisxmobs xelnakeTobis ostatobis xarisxs.

• saboloo damuSavebis xarisxi, rac moicavs nakeTobis saboloo damuSavebis

xarisxs, rogoricaa zedapiris, kideebis damuSaveba, funciuri elementebis (Sesakravebis,

sarCulis da sxva) xarisxs.

10.4. SefuTva da wardgena



Tamxlebi informacia, romelic specialuri SefuTva mimzidvels xdis produqcias da

uzrunvelyofs mis usafrTxo trasporturebas zris mis gayidvadobas.

tradiciuli rewvis produqciis ganviTarebisas aucilebelia Seiqnas:

SefuTva transportirebisTvis, fizikuri dazianebis, wylis, tenis, mtvrisa da

WuWyisgan dacvisTvis.

sacalo SefuTva, romelic zrdis produqciis prezentabelurobas da

bredndingis mniSvnelovani nawilia. sacalo SefuTvisas gasaTvaliswinebelia rogorc

SefuTvis dizaini, ise xarjebis mizanSewoniloba. garemos dacvis organizaciebis

moTxovniT dResdReobiT saerTaSoriso bazarze gansakuTrebiT popularulia SesafuT

masalad meoradi nedleulis: qaRaldis, muyaos Tu sxva masalis gamoyeneba.

85 http://www.craftcouncil.nl.ca/membership/standards-info/



117

produqciis ganviTarebis umniSvnelovanesi nawilia tradiciuli rewvis nawarmis

Tanmxlebi informaciis Seqmna, romelic momxmarebels miawvdis informacias produqciis

kulturuli konteqstis, istoriis da mwarmoeblis Sesaxeb, aseve misi damzadebis

adgilis, masalis da moxmarebis wesebis Sesaxeb. Tanmxlebi informaciis mniSvneloba

gansakuTrebiT izrdeba, rodesac mwarmoebelsa da momxmarebels Soris Sualeduri

rgoli erTveba, rac xSirad produqtis Sesaxeb Zalze mniSvnelovani informaciis

dakargvas iwvevs. Tanaedrove myidveli sul ufro metad interesdeba imiT Tu rogor

keTdeba nivTi, vin daamzada, ra pirobebSi da ra damatebiT dadebiTi socialuri da

ekologiuri datvirTva aqvs mas.

Tanamedrove standartebis mixedviT tradiciuli rewvis produqciis Tanmxlebi

informacia unda moicavdes Semdegs:

(a) produqciis funqciis, istoriul-kulturuli konteqstis aRwera-daxasiaTebas;

(b) produqtis masalis/zomis daxasiaTebas; (saRebavebi, damRebi Zvirfasi liTonebi:

oqro da vercxli a.S)

(c) moxmarebis wesis Sesaxeb informacias (garecxvis, gaSrobis da gauTavebis

instruqciebi);

(d) sainformacio iarliyi produqtis usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb: janmrTeloba da

usafrTxoeba (saTamaSoebi, saRebavebi, qimikatebi...); xanZris dros riski,

(e) avtoris/organizaciis saxels,sakontaqto informacias da damzadebis qveynis

miniSnebas.

saTanadod miwodebuli informacis produqciis istriul-kulturuli konteqstis,

masalebis Tu mwarmoeblis Sesaxeb mniSvnelovnad zrdis produqciis Rirebulebas

momxmareblis TvalSi.

aranakleb mniSvnelovania wardgena-eqponirebis sakiTxi, romelic marketinigis



SemTxvevaSi. wardgena-eqponirebis mxriv gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania tradiciuli

nawarmis “koleqciebad” wardgena, rac rogorc marketinguli kvlevebi mowmobs ukeTesi

gayidvebis arsebiTi winapirobaa. 86

10.5. infrastuqtura

saxelosnoebi

mcire grantebis gacema saqarTvelos masStabiT saxelosnoebis

infrastruqturuli mowyobisTvis, rac moicavs danadgarebis ganaxlebas, farTis

optimalur aTvisebas, interieris saTanado ganaxleba-gaformebas. am praqtikis

warmatebuli magaliTebic, kerZod saxelosnoebis, romlebic amaJamad moqmed turistuli

marSrutebSia CarTuli da tradiciuli rewvis ostatebisa da organizaciebisTvis

alternatiuli Semosavlis wyaros warmoadgens vxvdebiT rogorc saqarTveloSi ise

saerTaSoriso praqtikaSic, rac miuTiTebs, rom saxelosnoebis infrastruqturis

gamarTvam da maTi (iseve, rogorc Rvinis marnebis mowyoba da e.w. “Rvinis gzis”

marSrutSi Casma) turistul marSrutebTan dakavSirebam, SesaZloa, sagrZnoblad

gazardos tradiciuli rewvis ostatebisa da organizaciebis Semosavlebi, rogorc

86 Lyn Nelson, GACC artisan Competition, Tbilisi, Georgia, June 2013, pp. 7



118

turistuli jgufebis maspinZlobiTa da tradiciuli teqnologiuri procesis

demonstrirebiT, ise maTi produqciis adgilze marketingis TvalsazrisiT.

qveynis masStabiT qalaqis Tu soflebis istoriul nawilSi, mxareTmcodneobis

muzeumebTan da sxva dawesebulebebTan sajaro sivrceebis gamoyofa saxelosnoebisTvis,

rac, Tavis mxriv, gazrdida maT turistul potencials, meore mxriv ki tradiciuli

rewvis centrebis ekonomikuri mdgradobis da, amavdroulad, tradiciuli codnisa da

unarebis SenarCunebis mniSvnelovani winapiroba iqneboda.

damxmare infrastuqturis ganviTareba, mag. bunebrivi saRebavebis saxelosnos

daarseba, romelic mxolod saRebavis realizacieze imuSavebda da masaliT

moamaragebda teqtilis warmoebas.

10.6. distribucia

rogorc kvlevam aCvena saqarTveloSi tradiciul rewvas ar gaaCnia raime saxis

sadistribucio qseli, rac mniSvnelovnad zrudavs produqciis mimoqcevas teritoriaze.

am problemis aRmosafxvrelad mniSvnelovania:

regionuli principiT mwarmoebelTa koordinacia, rac Seamcirebda

transportirebis distribuciis xarjis wils TviToeul mwarmoebelze.

regionuli principiT arsebul sarealizacio obieqtebis koordinacia da

saziaro distribuciis arxebis Semqna.

10.7. bazari, gayidvebi

rogorc kvlevam aCvena dReisaTvis SezRudulia gayidvebis arxebi: ostatebis 81.3%

gayidvebis 3 an nakleb arxs mimarTavs. am problemis aRmosafxvrelad mniSvnelovania

gayidvebis arxebis diversifikacia, rac moicavs iseT RonisZiebebs, rogoricaa:

sarealizacio obieqtebis daarseba regionebSi. regionebSi, gansakuTrebiT ki

mniSvnelovan turistul centrebSi tradiciuli rewvis sarealizacio obieqtebis Seqna,

romlebic, Tavis mxriv SeiZleba daarsdes:

arsebul regionul muzeumebTan

istoriul ZeglebTan,

kerZo saxelosnoebSi,

turistul sainformacio centrebTan

kulturis saxlebTan

arsebul sayofacxovrebo nivTebiT movaWre maRaziebTan koordnicacia da

tradiciuli rewvis nawarmis maT produqciaSi sarealizaciod Setana.

internet gayidvebis xelSewyoba, rac saerTaSoriso gayidvebis SesaZleblobas

iZlva. am mimarTulebiT mniSvnelovani nabiji iyo 2013 wels saqarTvelos paypal sistemaSi gaerTianeba. Semdegi etapia tradiciuli rewvis mwarmoeblebis CarTva iseT

internet maRaziebSi rogoricaa etsey.com, novica.com, globalgirlfriend.com da a.S. iseve rogorc

tradiciulir rewvis nimuSbis qarTuli portalis Seqmna. am mimarTulebiT

mniSvnelovania saqarTvelodan mcire gzavnilebze fasebis regulireba.

eqsportis xelSewyoba, romelic moicavs e.w. “baierebTan” kontaqtebis damyarebas,

ise saerTaSoriso gamofenebSi da bazrobebSi saqarTvelodan tradiciuli rewvis

mwarmoebelTa monawileobas, rac erTdroulad eqsportis, qveynis brendingisa da

kulturuli memkvidreobis popilarizaciis saSualeba iqneba.



119

10.8. popularizacia da brendingi

tradiciuli rewvis seqtoris ganviTarebisTvis aucilebelia farTo sazogadoebaSi

dargis popularizaciaze mimarTuli sxvadasxva RonisZiebebis gatareba, rogorc

adgilobrivad qveynis SigniT, ise saerTaSoriso arenaze.

adgilobrivi RonisZiebebi:

tradiciuli rewvis damsaxurebuli ostatebis popularizacia gamofenebis,

festivalebis, gadacemebis, beWdur mediaSi gamoqveynebuli statiebisa da socialuri

qselebis meSveobiT;

safrTxis winaSe myofi rewvis tradiciebis popularizacia specialuri

sagnamanaTleblo popularuli programebis meSveobiT.

sxvadasxva media saSualebebiT momxmareblis gaTviTcnobiereba tradiciuli

rewvis produqciis xarisxis, bunebrivi masalebis gamoyenebis, tradiciuli dizainisa da

teqnologiebis mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb;

saerTaSoriso RonisZiebebi:

saerTaSoriso gamofenebSi da bazrobebSi (Messe Frankfurt, Fiera Milano, Santa Fe Folk Art Festival da sxva) monawileoba brendingisa da kulturuli memkvidreobis

popularizaciis saSualeba iqneba.

sxvadasxva qveynebSi saqarTvelos kulturis dReebis organizebisas tradiciuli

rewvis komponentis CarTva.

10.9. saganmanaTleblo baza

treningebi da unarebis amaRleba

seqtoris gasaZliereblad aucilebelia rewvis sferosTan dakavSirebuli individebisa

da organizaciebis unarebis amaRleba, iseT sakiTxebSi rogoricaa:

biznesis dagegmva da marTva

Tanamedrove bazris moTxovnebi, funqciuri kategoriebi, dizainis trendebi,

SefuTva, fasTwarmoqmna da wardgena

gamofena gayidvebSi monawileoba

brendingi da marketingi

fondebis moZieba

saganmanaTleblo sistema

istoriulad tradiciuli rwevis industria Segirdobis institutze dayrdnobiT

ganviTarda. Sesabamisad, dResac SemoqmedebiTi industriebis ganviTarebis

TvalsazrisiT gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba saganmanaTleblo saqmianobas,

formalur da araformalur swavlebas ganaTlebis yvela doneze. am sakiTxs Seexo 2005

wlis belfastis konferencia, romelzec ganxiluli ganaTlebis da swavlebis

problemebi. aqve gamoikveTa SemoqmedebiTi orientaciis mniSvneloba ganaTlebis yvela

sferosTvis, aseve saganmanaTleblo sistemaSi SemoqmedebiTi industriebisaTvis saWiro

unarebis CarTvis aucilebloba.



120

rewvis tradiciebis popularizaciisa da Taobidan Taobaze gadasacemad aucilebelia

misi saganmanaTleblo sistemaSi integracia, rogorc saskolo, ise umaRles da

profesiuli ganaTlebis doneze kerZod:

saskolo ganaTleba

• skolebSi Sromis gakveTilebze dekoratiul gamoyenebiTi xelovnebis da

qarTuli tradiciuli rewvis dargebis swavlebis integrireba. am modelis warmatebul

magaliTad SeiZleba ganvixiloT iaponiis precedenti, sadac kiotoSi tradiciuli

rewvis swavleba saSualo skolaSi yvela doneze iqna integrirebuli.

• zogadsagnmanaTleblo skolebSi saqarTvelos xelovnebis istoriis zogad

kursSi dekoratiul gamoyenebiTi xelovnebis da tradiciuli rewvisadmi miZRvnili

Tematikis CarTva.

• mniSvnelovania kulturuli memkvidreobis ganaTlebisa da tradiciuli rewvis

swavlebis meTodologiuri saxelmZRvaneloebis SemuSaveba da arsebuli kulturuli

memkvidreobis ganaTlebasTan dakavSirebul saxelmZRvaneloebSi akm-s Temaitikis

integracia.87

umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebi

• profesiul umaRles saswavleblebSi SemoqmedebiTi /kulturuli industriebis,

aramaterialuri kulturuli memkvidreobis Tematikis, „kultura ekonomikuri

ganviTarebisTvis“ swavleba.

• sazafxulo praqtikebis dagegmva tradiciuli rewvis sferoSi/saxelosnoebSi,

kerZod: xelovnebaTmcodneebi, eTnografebisTvis eqspediciebi regionebSi ostatebis da

tradiciuli rewvis teqnikebis aRweris mizniT;

• umaRles saswavleblebSi (mag. Tbilisis saxelmwifo samxatvro akademia),

dizainis fakultetis studentebis praqtika tradiciuli rewvis ostatebTan, rac erTi

mxriv xels Seuwyobs axalgazrda dizainerebis tradiciebTan daaxloebas, xolo meore

mxriv, tradiciiul produqciaSi inovaciis Setanas. aRniSnuli praqtikis warmatebul

magaliTebs vxvdebiT indoeTSi da kolumbiaSi ganxorcielebuli araerTi proeqtis

saxiT.88

profesiuli saswavleblebi

dekoratiul gamoyenebiTi xelovnebis teqnikis Seswavlis paralelurad saswavlo

programaSi CaerTos mcire sawarmoebis biznesis marTvis safuZvlebi.

mniSvnelovania kulturis ganaTlebis xuTive etapisTvis meTodologiuri

saxelmZRvaneloebis SemuSaveba, maswavlebelTa gadamzadeba

87 kulturuli memkvidreobis Zeglebisa da istoriuli qalaqebis dacva, gamocemulia ICOMOS saqarTvelos mier. 2014 88 Designers Meet Artisans, A Practical Guide, published jointly by the Crafts Revival Trust, Atresanfas de Columbia, S.A and UNESCO, 2005

tradiciuli rewva saqartvelosi seqtoris kompleqsuri kvleva da

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