VISUAL COMMUNICATION&

CULTURAL MEANING

Name of Lecturer: NUR NADYRAH BASYHIRName of student: NURUL FATIN NAJLA RAZALI

Bachelor of Arts (Hons) Graphic Design University College Linton / UEL

VISUAL COMMUNICATION AND CULTURAL MEANING

Visual Communication?

Visual communication is communication through visual aid and is described as the

conveyance of ideas and information in forms that can be read or looked upon. Visual

communication in part or whole relies on vision,[1] and is primarily presented or expressed

with two dimensional images, it includes: signs, typography, drawing, graphic design,

illustration, colour and electronic resources. It also explores the idea that a visual message[2]

accompanying text has a greater power to inform, educate, or persuade a person or audience.

What is Visual?

Visual is what from we seeing or sights. Anything that can be seen through eyes are called

visual elements. Visualization is object, picture from the processing the information

transferred through a visual. In our life visualization is the most powerful way of

communication, ability to visualize and understanding helps us to communicate.

What is Communication?

Communication is the exchange and flow of information, ideas, thoughts, data etc. from

one person to another. It includes a sender transmitting an idea, information or a feeling to a

receiver (from one person to another). Transmission of information includes two elements:

content and context.

Content is the actual words or symbols of the message. Context is the way the message is

delivered to the receiver, which is called the paralanguage. It is the non-verbal element in the

communication such as the tone, the look in the sender’s eye, body language, hand gestures

and the state of emotion. Basically there are 3 types of communication: written, oral and non-

verbal.

Nonverbal communication is a process of conveying message in the form of non-word

message. It is said that majority of our communication is nonverbal. Some of the nonverbal

communication includes haptic, gestures, body language or pasture: facial expression and eye

contact, object communication such as clothing, hairstyle, architecture, symbols, info

graphics and tone of voice.

Written communication is the method through a written language like through books, letters

newspapers, magazines, internet etc. Written communication has 3 revolutionary stages

called Information communication revolutions. This communication first emerged through

the use of pictographs made in stones. In the second stage it is been transferred in to papers,

wax ad clay etc. Finally these characters were transferred into electronic symbols and waves.

Written communication helped people to communicate a vast amount of data for a long

period of time.

Oral communication is the one through mouth. It can be a direct conversation, telephoning,

speeches, presentation, discussions etc. Oral communication is recommended only when a

direct interaction is required. It is the most trustful communication method.

What is Visual Communication?

Communication through visual aid and is described as the conveyance of ideas and

information in forms that can be read or looked upon. Visual communication in part or whole

relies on vision and is primarily presented or expressed with two dimensional images, it

includes: signs, typography, drawing, graphic design, illustration, color and electronic

resources. It also explores the idea that a visual message accompanying text has a greater

power to inform, educate, or persuade a person or audience. For e.g. when a person shows a

thumb’s up we know it mean best of luck or good job depending on the situation that time.

Study of visual communication

Study of visual communication

Students studying visual communication are taught the basic physics of light, anatomy and

physiology of the eye, cognitive and perception theories, color theories, Gestalt psychology,

aesthetics, natural reading patterns, design principles, semiotics, persuasion, camera/filming

actions and image-types, and so forth. Colleges for visual communications differ in their

approach, but most combine theory and practice in some form.

Visual communication takes place through pictures, graphs and charts, as well as through

signs, signals and symbols. It may be used either independently or as an adjunct to the other

methods of communication.

Visual communication: Image analysis

Visual communication contains image aspects. The interpretation of images is subjective and

to understand the depth of meaning, or multiple meanings, communicated in an image

requires analysis. Images can be analysed though many perspectives, for example these six

major perspectives presented by Paul Martin Lester

• Personal perspective: When a viewer has an opinion about an image based on their personal

thoughts. Personal response depends on the viewer’s thoughts and values individually. This

might be sometimes in conflict with cultural values. Also when a viewer has viewed an image

with a personal perspective, it is than hard to change the view of the image on the viewer,

even the image also can be seen in other ways.

• Historical perspective: An image’s view can be arising from the history of the use media.

Through times sort images have been changed, because the use of different (new) media. For

example: The result of using the computer to edit images (e.g. Photoshop) is quite different

when comparing images that are made and edited by craft.

• Technical perspective: When the view of an image is influenced by the use of lights,

position and the presentation of the image. The right use of light, position and presentation of

the image can improve the view of the image. It makes the image looks better than the reality.

• Ethical perspective: From this perspective, the maker of the image, the viewer and the

image itself must be responsible morally and ethically to the image. This perspective is also

categorized in six categories: categorical imperative, utilitarianism, hedonism, golden mean,

golden rule and veil of ignorance.

• Cultural perspective: Symbolization is an important definition for this perspective. Cultural

perspective involves identity of symbols. The uses of words that are related with the image,

the use of heroes in the image, etc. are the symbolization of the image. The cultural

perspective can also be seen as the semiotic perspective.

• Critical perspective: The view of images in the critical perspective is when the viewers

criticise the images, but the critics have been made in interests of the society, although an

individual makes the critics. This way this perspective differs from the personal perspective.

Visual Aids

Visual aids are often used to help audiences of informative and persuasive speeches

understand the topic being presented.Visual aids can play a large role in how the audience

understands and takes in information that is presented. There are many different types of

visual aids that range from handouts to powerpoints. The type of visual aid a speaker uses

depends on their preference and the information they are trying to present. Each type of

visual aid has pros and cons that must be evaluated to ensure it will be beneficial to the

overall presentation. Before incorporating visual aids into speeches, the speaker should

understand that if used incorrectly, the visual will not be an aid, but a distraction.Planning

ahead is important when using visual aids. It is necessary to choose a visual aid that is

appropriate for the material and audience. The purpose of the visual aid is to enhance the

presentation.

Types of Visual Aids

Objects

The use of objects as visual aids involves bringing the actual object to demonstrate on

during the speech. For example, a speech about tying knots would be more effective by

bringing in a rope.

Pro: the use of the actual object is often necessary when demonstrating how to do

something so that the audience can fully understand procedure.

Con: some objects are too large or unavailable for a speaker to bring with them

Models

Models are representations of another object that serve to demonstrate that object when use

of the real object is ineffective for some reason. Examples include human skeletal systems,

the solar system, or architecture.

Pros: models can serve as substitutes that provide a better example of the real thing to the

audience when the object being spoken about is of an awkward size or composure for use in

the demonstration.

Cons: sometimes a model may take away from the reality of what is being spoken about.

For example, the vast size of the solar system cannot be seen from a model, and the actual

composure of a human body cannot be seen from a dummy.

Graphs

Graphs are used to visualize relationships between different quantities. Various types are

used as visual aids, including bar graphs, line graphs, pie graphs, and scatter plots.

Pros: graphs help the audience to visualize statistics so that they make a greater impact

than just listing them verbally would.

Cons: graphs can easily become cluttered during use in a speech by including too much

detail, overwhelming the audience and making the graph ineffective.

Maps

Maps show geographic areas that are of interest to the speech. They often are used as aids

when speaking of differences between geographical areas or showing the location of

something.

Pros: when maps are simple and clear, they can be used to effectively make points about

certain areas. For example, a map showing the building site for a new hospital could show its

close location to key neighborhoods, or a map could show the differences in distribution of

AIDS victims in North American and African countries.

Cons: inclusion of too much detail on a map can cause the audience to lose focus on the

key point being made. Also, if the map is disproportional or unrealistic, it may prove

ineffective for the point being made.

Tables

Tables are columns and rows that organize words, symbols, and/or data.

Pros: Good tables are easy to understand. They are a good way to compare facts and to gain

a better overall understanding of the topic being discussed. For example, a table is a good

choice to use when comparing the amount of rainfall in 3 counties each month.

Cons: Tables are not very interesting or pleasing to the eye. They can be overwhelming if

too much information is in a small space or the information is not organized in a convenient

way. A table is not a good choice to use if the person viewing it has to take a lot of time to be

able to understand it. Tables can be visual distractions if it is hard to read because the font is

too small or the writing is too close together. It can also be a visual distraction if the table is

not drawn evenly.

Photographs

Pros:Photographs are good tools to make or emphasize a point or to explain a topic. For

example, when explaining the shanty-towns in a third word country it would be beneficial to

show a picture of one so the reader can have a better understanding of how those people live.

A photograph is also good to use when the actual object cannot be viewed. For example, in a

health class learning about cocaine, the teacher cannot bring in cocaine to show the class

because that would be illegal, but the teacher could show a picture of cocaine to the class.

Using local photos can also help emphasize how your topic is important in the audience's

area.

Cons: If the photograph is too small it just becomes a distraction. Enlarging photographs

can be expensive if not using a power point or other viewing device.

Drawings/Diagrams

Pros: Drawings or diagrams can be used when photographs do not show exactly what the

speaker wants to show or explain. It could also be used when a photograph is too detailed.

For example, a drawing or diagram of the circulatory system throughout the body is a lot

more effective than a picture of a cadaver showing the circulatory system.

Cons:If not drawn correctly a drawing can look sloppy and be ineffective. This type of

drawing will appear unprofessional.

Visual Aids Media: Simple to Advanced

Chalkboard or Whiteboard

Chalkboards and whiteboards are very useful visual aids, particularly when more advanced

types of media are unavailable. They are cheap and also allow for much flexibility.The use of

chalkboards or whiteboards is convenient, but they are not a perfect visual aid. Often, using

this medium as an aid can create confusion or boredom. Particularly if a student who is not

familiar with how to properly use visual aids attempts to draw on a board while they are

speaking, they detract time and attention from their actual speech.

Poster Board

A poster is a very simple and easy visual aid. Posters can display charts, graphs, pictures, or

illustrations. The biggest drawback of using a poster as a visual aid is that often a poster can

appear unprofessional. Since a poster board paper is relatively flimsy, often the paper will

bend or fall over. The best way to present a poster is to hang it up or tape it to a wall.

Handouts

Handouts can also display charts, graphs, pictures, or illustrations. An important aspect of the

use of a handout is that a person can keep a handout with them long after the presentation is

over. This can help the person better remember what was discussed. Passing out handouts,

however, can be extremely distracting. Once a handout is given out, it might potentially be

difficult to bring back your audience’s attention. The person who receives the handout might

be tempted to read what is on the paper, which will keep them from listening to what the

speaker is saying. If using a handout, the speaker distributes the hand out right before you

reference it. Distributing handouts is acceptable in a lecture that is an hour or two, but in a

short lecture of five to ten minutes, a handout should not be used.

Video Excerpts

A video can be a great visual aid and attention grabber, however, a video is not a replacement

for an actual speech. There are several potential drawbacks to playing a video during a speech

or lecture. First, if a video is playing that includes audio, the speaker will not be able to talk.

Also, if the video is very exciting and interesting, it can make what the speaker is saying

appear boring and uninteresting. The key to showing a video during a presentation is to make

sure to transition smoothly into the video and to only show very short clips.

Projection Equipment

There are several types of projectors. These include slide projectors, PowerPoint

presentations, overhead projectors, and computer projectors. Slide projectors are the oldest

form of projector, and are no longer used. PowerPoint presentations are very popular and are

used often. Overhead projectors are still used but are somewhat inconvenient to use. In order

to use an overhead projector, a transparency must be made of whatever is being projected

onto the screen. This takes time and costs money. Computer projectors are the most

technologically advanced projectors. When using a computer projector, pictures and slides

are easily taken right from a computer either online or from a saved file and are blown up and

shown on a large screen. Though computer projectors are technologically advanced, they are

not always completely reliable because technological breakdowns are not uncommon of the

computers of today.

Computer-Assisted Presentations

PowerPoint presentations can be an extremely useful visual aid, especially for longer

presentations. For five to ten minute presentations, it is probably not worth the time or effort

to put together a PowerPoint. For longer presentations, however, PowerPoints can be a great

way to keep the audience engaged and keep the speaker on track. A potential drawback of

using a PowerPoint is that it usually takes a lot of time and energy to put together. There is

also the possibility of a computer malfunction, which can mess up the flow of a presentation

Visual communication takes place through pictures, graphs and charts, as well as through

signs, signals and symbols. It may be used either independently or as an adjunct to the other

methods of communication.

Visual communication: Image analysis

Visual communication contains image aspects. The interpretation of images is subjective and

to understand the depth of meaning, or multiple meanings, communicated in an image

requires analysis. Images can be analysed though many perspectives, for example these six

major perspectives presented by Paul Martin Lester.

• Personal perspective: When a viewer has an opinion about an image based on their personal

thoughts. Personal response depends on the viewer’s thoughts and values individually. This

might be sometimes in conflict with cultural values. Also when a viewer has viewed an image

with a personal perspective, it is than hard to change the view of the image on the viewer,

even the image also can be seen in other ways.

• Historical perspective: An image’s view can be arising from the history of the use media.

Through times sort images have been changed, because the use of different (new) media. For

example: The result of using the computer to edit images (e.g. Photoshop) is quite different

when comparing images that are made and edited by craft.

• Technical perspective: When the view of an image is influenced by the use of lights,

position and the presentation of the image. The right use of light, position and presentation of

the image can improve the view of the image. It makes the image looks better than the reality.

• Ethical perspective: From this perspective, the maker of the image, the viewer and the

image itself must be responsible morally and ethically to the image. This perspective is also

categorized in six categories: categorical imperative, utilitarianism, hedonism, golden mean,

golden rule and veil of ignorance.

• Cultural perspective: Symbolization is an important definition for this perspective. Cultural

perspective involves identity of symbols. The uses of words that are related with the image,

the use of heroes in the image, etc. are the symbolization of the image. The cultural

perspective can also be seen as the semiotic perspective.

• Critical perspective: The view of images in the critical perspective is when the viewers

criticise the images, but the critics have been made in interests of the society, although an

individual makes the critics. This way this perspective differs from the personal perspective.

Visual Aids

Visual aids are often used to help audiences of informative and persuasive speeches

understand the topic being presented. Visual aids can play a large role in how the audience

understands and takes in information that is presented. There are many different types of

visual aids that range from handouts to powerpoints. The type of visual aid a speaker uses

depends on their preference and the information they are trying to present. Each type of

visual aid has pros and cons that must be evaluated to ensure it will be beneficial to the

overall presentation. Before incorporating visual aids into speeches, the speaker should

understand that if used incorrectly, the visual will not be an aid, but a distraction. Planning

ahead is important when using visual aids. It is necessary to choose a visual aid that is

appropriate for the material and audience. The purpose of the visual aid is to enhance the

presentation.

CULTURE MEANING

Culture refers to the cumulative deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, attitudes, meanings, hierarchies, religion, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and material objects and possessions acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving. Culture in its broadest sense is cultivated behavior; that is the totality of a person's learned, accumulated experience which is socially transmitted, or more briefly, behavior through social learning. A culture is a way of life of a group of people--the behaviors, beliefs, values, and symbols that they accept, generally without thinking about them, and that are passed along by communication and imitation from one generation to the next. . Culture is the sum of total of the learned behavior of a group of people that are generally considered to be the tradition of that people and are transmitted from generation to generation. Culture is a collective programming of the mind that distinguishes the members of one

group or category of people from anotherMost obviously the first layer is the one which we

get from our parents and our family members who have it.

The second layer of culture is the one which represents our identity. It is related to the society

which is called sub culture. For example, in Pakistan we have many different cultures as we

travel from one end to other like Lahore culture, Sindhculture, Punjabi culture etc. Thus a

person from a particular part of world can be identifiable in a new society due to the

influence of subculture.

The third layer of culture is the universal. These are learned cultures that are shared by all

humanity collectively, no matter where the people live.

Traditional Malay Weddings

Malay weddings are grand affairs where the couple are given the Royalty treatment.

In the different Muslim communities, their wedding traditions varies, but there are some

similarities based on faith.

bridal bed

http://www.pwtc.com.my/c/malay-wedding/

Dress the bride and groom

http://durianzrepublic.wordpress.com/2011/10/19/9-okt-2011-malay-wedding-photoshoot/

Wearing the ring during the solemnization

http://aisyahjoharblogs.blogspot.com/2011/05/walimatul-urus-antara-sunnah-dan-adat.html

In the Malay custom, Makyong dance, martial arts, horse braid is mandatory

http://weekendsinmalaysia.blogspot.com/2011/01/week-4-malay-wedding.html

The Weddings are usually spread out over several days, starting with the Spying event, the

Engagement process, Henna-staining ceremony, followed by the Solemnisation ceremony

and ending with the actual wedding day

Traditional Malay Weddings – Spying Custom (Adat Merisik)

Required to wilt inquire customs. to ask whether the woman is free or not. betel-leaf box, rattan

side ring, poem, and the representative of the groom should be compulsory if visit the homes of

the women

“Spying Custom” – Asking ceremony (Adat Merisik)

Traditional Malay wedding follows the Adat Merisik (“Spying custom

” / Asking Ceremony) for arranging marriages.

For the ceremony, the man’s family will engage one or more representatives (wakil) to visit

the woman’s family. In the past, this is a “Spying” visit, where the visitors would investigate

the woman’s suitability for the man’s future wife.

These days, it is a formality for the families to know one another, and to fix a day for the

engagement.

Traditional Malay Weddings – Engagement Ceremony (Adat Bertunang)

Engagement Ceremony (Adat Bertunang / Meminang)

As soon the marriage is agreed, the representatives will once again visit the woman’s

family to discuss the wedding plans. The discussions includes the date and time for the

meminang ceremony, the amount of money from the man’s side for the expenses (wang

belanja), and the details for the gift items (hantaran).

Tray as a gift to the bride and groom should be rewarded odd.

The main gift tray (dulang) is handed in odd numbers. The minimum is usually 5 trays.

And the Bride’s family will reciprocate the Groom’s hantaran in excess number of the dulang

given. ie. if the Groom delivers 5 dulang, the Bride’s family will reciprocate by sending 7

dulang.

The hantaran comprises of the tepak sirih (betel leaf container) or the sirih junjung

(betel nut leaves and accompaniments with beautiful flowers), the engagement ring, and other

gifts such as scented flowers (bunga rampai), a fruit basket, traditional cakes, a complete set

of traditional dress made in silk or cotton, with gold or silver threads (songket), a pair of

shoes, among others. In modern times, even mobile phones are included !

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Type of gift,most of them like the gift with theme ,like purple, pink, blue, and others.

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5

Traditionally, if the Bride’s older sister is still single, a gift of some value is given to the older

sister too, for asking for the hand of the younger sister (Melangkah Bendul)

These gifts could be prepared by a family member or a wedding planner or the Mak

Andam – Traditionally, the Mak Andam is an old lady, who is also the makeup artist. In the

olden days, among the minorities, they were associated with black magic rituals (though not

all are evil).

Kind of gift for friends,cousin,people come to their wedding

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57

another gift.

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3

Rituals and chanting session were done by the Mak Andam before the Bride, so that others

could be enchanted by her beauty.

On the wedding day, the Mak Andam, accompanied by the Bride’s family, will also deny

the Groom’s access to the bride, until an “Entrance fee” is paid. (This is much practised in

modern Chinese wedding day too)

Malay poetic rhymes (Pantun) are also recited, and it is often practised among the more

cultured Malay families.

The ceremony is complete with Groom’s mother putting on the engagement ring to the

Bride’s finger, with close relatives watching the event.

Traditional Malay Weddings – Henna staining ceremony (Berinai)

Henna staining ceremony (Berinai)

The ceremony is similar to traditional Indian weddings (Mehndi ceremony)

During this Henna staining Ceremony, yellowish oil, extracted from henna leaves is applied

on the fingertips of the couple by friends and relatives. It announces their forthcoming unity.

The Inai is a Malay word for henna, a plant used as dye for the Berinai ceremony. “Ber” in

Bahasa Malay means “wear”, thus Berinai means “to wear” or “to put on” henna as a form of

temporary skin decoration for the ceremony.

Traditionally, the ceremony is divided into three stages.

Berinai Curi is the ceremony where close woman relatives applies the henna to the

Bride

Berinai Kecil is the ceremony where relatives, friends and neighbours apply the

henna to the Bride

Berinai Besar is the ceremony where special guests of the couple apply henna to the

Bride and Groom

On this day, the costume changes process (tukar pakaian) takes place. The Bride shows off

her costume collections, changing five to six times throughout the day, as a sign of good luck.

Traditional Malay Weddings – The Wedding Contract ceremony (Akad Nikah)

The Wedding Contract ceremony (Akad Nikah)

Religious solemnisation of the marriage takes place on the wedding eve. It is an important

event, which can take place in a mosque, the Department of Islamic Affairs, or the Bride’s

home.

Traditionally, it is held by the Kadi, a religious official of the Syariat (Shariat) Court.

Now, the Tok Kadi is a religious man, who performs the solemnisation ceremony. Prior to the

actual solemnisation, the Tok Kadi will usually give a short talk about the virtues and

blessings of the marriage, and to remind the Bride and Groom, their respective duties and

responsibilities

The final part of the ceremony takes place with the Tok Kadi, the Groom, and Wali

(representation of the Bride seeking marriage, a guardian or usually the Bride’s father), and

two male witnesses.

The Tok Kadi will hold the right hand of the Groom with his right hand, and asks the

groom:

“Do you, [Groom's Full Name], accept the marriage of [Bride's Full Name] with mas

kahwin of [Marriage Gold or token- which is usually a small amount of money] ?”

The Groom is expected to reply in a loud and clear manner:

“I accept the marriage of [Bride's Full Name] with mas kahwin of [Marriage gold, amount

of money] .”

A small sum of money (Mas Kahwin or Mahar, which means Marriage Gold) seals the

wedding contract after the wedding is accepted.

The Mas Kahwin is a symbol of the Groom’s commitment to his Bride. The amount

depends on the context of the time. It belongs to the Bride, and it should not be spent or used,

unless in emergency times of needs.

The Tok Kadi will then ask the two male witnesses for their confirmation if the

acceptance is loud and clear. Once it is confirmed, he pronounces the Akad as Sah (valid) and

the Bride and Groom are married.

The groom then reads out loud a special clause in the marriage contract that stipulates

that if he fails to provide financial support or fails to go home to his wife for a period of four

months (six months in certain regions) or if he causes physical injury on her, she has the right

to go to any Islamic court and ask for a divorce.

Traditionally, the Bride would wait in a room and only come out to sign the

marriage certificate.

Recently, the Bride can be present while the ceremony takes place. But the basic setup

remains the same — the Tok Tadi, the bridegroom, the wali, as well as two male witnesses in

attendance. She would seat on a special pillow on the carpeted floor. The Tok Kadi first asks

the Bride’s confirmation if she agrees to her father marrying her off to the Groom. Only then

does the actual marriage ceremony take place.

This is followed by a prayer, the Groom then puts a ring on his Bride’s finger. After

that, the Groom will be allowed to touch the Bride’s hands as it is now rightful and legal for

the man to touch the woman who has become his wife.

Traditional Malay Weddings – The Wedding Ceremony (Bersanding)

The Wedding Ceremony (Bersanding)

The actual wedding day is the Bersanding. This literally means the “sitting together of the

bride and bridegroom on the bridal couch, which resembles a throne (Pelamin)”.

Two pelamins are required – one in the bride’s house and the other in the

bridegroom’s.

As the Bersanding ceremony customarily takes place in the afternoon, the bridegroom

entertains guests at his own house in the morning.

At the agreed time, he is escorted in a procession with a male music group

(hadrah or kompang band) to his Bride’s house.

On arrival, he has to pay the “entrance fee” to the Bride’s family before he enters each

door leading to the pelamin to take his place besides his bride.

An astakona, a multi-tiered pedestalled tray, is also placed in front of the pelamin. Each

tier contains a mound of cooked yellow rice studded all over with red-dyed eggs. This tray

will later be presented to the emak pengantin (a close friend or relative chosen to be the

matron of honour for the marriage) as an act of appreciation for her help during the

ceremonies.

The Groom then sits with the Bride on the pelamin and the relatives will sprinkle petals

and rice (which symbolises fertility) on the couple.

After this, the couple returns to the Groom’s house in a procession. They are normally

accompanied by the hadrah band, with men beating a rhythm on their timbrels and reading

verses from the Koran.

The music proclaims their marriage to the world. At the Groom’s house, the Bersanding

ceremony is repeated for the benefit of the Groom’s relatives.

This is followed by feasting and merry-making, called the kenduri. The wedding

celebrations come to an end when the bridal pair returns home to the Bride’s house to pay

respects to her family.

From that, we had learnt about Malay Wedding functions, ceremony and all the

traditional customs, so we , need to expand.

From that essay wedding we have done, Miss Nadyrah ask us to do the poster. So how

we need to change the wrinting became visual, we need critical thinking first.

From my mind I am just thinking about one idol from art generation using visual (picture)

to give a message. Examples like butterfly. Butter and fly. We can just use picture to do this.

By the way, the knowledge about poster also we need to understand. Form my side, I think

for poster, we just need the simple one, interest, cool ,easy to understand ,more to visual than

word, tagline or maybe title ,and meaningful.

I started from mind map. I do what we had known about it, what I am trying to says,

main message for audience, so I make “what I know, people doesn’t know”.

For me, most people know’ s about Inai. But they don’t know where Inai came from,

why they apply on Bride and Groom, and how many types of Inai. So here I explain some

about it.

Actually, Inai came from India. But you know that, Inai famous in Malay people. Most

of them using that for any ceremony, wedding , and others. During this Henna staining

Ceremony, yellowish oil, extracted from henna leaves is applied on the fingertips of the

couple by friends and relatives. It announces their forthcoming unity.

The Inai is a Malay word for henna, a plant used as dye for the Berinai ceremony. “Ber”

in Bahasa Malay means “wear”, thus Berinai means “to wear” or “to put on” henna as a form

of temporary skin decoration for the ceremony.

Most of Bride and Groom wear this actually for more attractive, and this is ceremony since

years ago. You know why? Because before malay religion influence by Hindu .So until now,

some of ceremony still using for them. Examples like Cukur Jambul ,Berinai , Lenggang

Perut,and others.

Like what I said, I need to search what I know about this topic, but people don’t know .I

choose my theme for my mind map. Inai. Because I think Inai is large and randomly people

know about it. Or the famous word we call Henna.

From Inai, I expand bigger to explore my research and more ideas for my poster

later. Then I get some info.Traditionally, the ceremony is divided into three types. Berinai

Curi , Berinai Kecil and Berinai Besar.

Berinai Curi is the ceremony where relatives,friends and neighbours apply the henna to

the Bride. But, Berinai Kecil is the ceremony where relatives, friends and neighbours apply

the henna to the Bride. And Berinai Besar is the ceremony where special guests of the couple

apply henna to the Bride and Groom.

So here we go. I do illustrator software for my design poster about Inai. This is my

progress in illustrator

I using pen tool to design the type of Inai to show that inai have type. And I make three

to show there have a three kinds or type of Inai they should know. And the colour I make

three kinds of it.

After that i use combination colour of Inai (henna) to show Inai is a variety for whole

people,ethnic ,religion and ages .Then I caption that, one by one what is Berinai Kecik ,

Berinai Besar ,and Berinai Curi. Here my design of these poster.

Did you see that? IS It? My tagline for this poster. Inspiration by one of Magazine

actually .Back to colour, black, yellow , and red is attract. so I using that colour.

And contrast background with turquoise, to get attention. So from this I think people

would get attention more what I am trying to say, or what message imput inside there

(poster).

Conclusion

The conclusion is I learned about cultural meaning and visual communication.the ceremony ,

religion , and I know how to visualize in poster.

Refference

http://www.tamu.edu/faculty/choudhury/culture.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_communication

http://singaporeanlifestyle.com/weddings/traditional-malay-weddings/ http://

www.jkkn.gov.my/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=161%3Aperkahwinan-

tradisional-masyarakat-melayu&catid=67%3Aadat-perkahwinan&Itemid=84&lang=en