traditionalist and modernist notes - cbsd.org
TRANSCRIPT
Traditionalist Modernist
People who embraced new styles, ideas and social trends
What is Prohibition?• 18th Amendment – “illegal to
manufacture, sell, or transport alcoholic beverages in the U.S.”
• Led by women’s and religious groups (Anti-Saloon League)• Volstead Act – Provided
enforcement for the 18th
Amendment• Thought to improve society, curb
crime and limit alcoholism
Prohibition
Prohibition
“Wets” v. “Drys”
Prohibition
• Opposition starts in cities, leads to increase in illegal behaviorBootlegging – the transport, production and sale of illegal alcoholSpeakeasies – secret drinking clubs spring up in place of closed bars and pubs
Bootlegging
Prohibition
• Leads to more organized crime• Al Capone:
• Drove a $300,000 Cadillac• Graft, kickbacks, bribery• Made about $100 million/year (2014 money)• “Bought” off judges, police, lawmakers• Never paid taxes• Busted in 1932 for tax evasion – that’s it.
Al CaponeGangster Hideaway
Clip: Al Capone
FBI.gov Website on AL CAPONE
“In the end, it took a team of federal, state, and local
authorities to end Capone’s reign as underworld boss.
Precisely the kind of partnerships that are
needed today as well to defeat dangerous criminals
and terrorists.”- FBI
Youth Culture
• College enrollment grows for young people
• More people move away from the home school, clubs, sports, music, dances, dating, movies, fads
Youth Culture
• Flappers: an emancipated young woman who embraced new fads, fashion and urban attitudes of the 1920s
Adults viewed the youth culture as reckless and
immoral.
Hays Office – 1920s agency that promoted censorship
in books, film, etc.
Flappers
Mass media made flappers more of an image than a reality
Social morals loosened…but not that loose
A double standard was created for woman, even in urban society
She smoked, danced, drove cars, dated, drank during Prohibition
Rural v. Urban Life
Rural communities face problems in the 1920s:
- Post war prices falling- Farmers unable to pay back
loans
Cities:- Hubs of economic
growth- Urban workers see the
standard of living improve
Cities:- CPI: Consumer Price
Index remains the same (food, housing)
Cities:- Sense of personal
freedom- Urban workers saw their standard of living
improve
Creation v. Evolution
Fundamentalism: Literal interpretation of the Bible (called for the end of teaching evolution)
• Claimed man could not have evolved from apes (believe in Biblical creation theory)
• Belief held widely in rural communities (urban v. rural clash)
• Butler Law (1925) Tennessee law that forbids the teaching of evolution in the classroom
Creation v. Evolution
Theory of Evolution (ideas of Charles Darwin)• ‘The Origin of Species’• Belief that man has evolved from apes• Increasingly accepted idea, especially in
urban areas (urban / rural divide)
The Scopes Monkey Trial
Biology teacher John Scopes challenges the Butler Law, arrested
Attorney: Clarence Darrow
Verdict:
Scopes is guiltyFined $100
Law stays into effect until 1967
Who Would Support This?
Theory of Evolution
The US is Voted “Dry”
Fundamentalism
Laws to drive up crop prices
Dating, going out at night, dancing
Books about rebellious youth by Fitzgerald and Hemingway
Chaperoned dates, courtship
The passing of the Volstead Act
The verdict of the Scopes Trial: Creationism
Bootlegging and Speakeasies
“Alcoholism leads to crime”
Crazy fads such as marathon dances and flagpole sitting
“The city has more job opportunities”
Women learning how to drive
“Prohibition makes society worse”
Farms make America strong.
Clarence Darrow’s argument