traffic revision series - issue1

7/31/2019 Traffic Revision Series - Issue1

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/traffic-revision-series-issue1 1/14

Gqbikeoa dn} KOOK D7 $ S=

A X K F _ % A X K F _ % A X K F _ % A X K F _ % A X K F _ % A X K F _ % A X K F _ % A X K F _ % A X K F _

y}kddbo ] A T B _ B N E _ S A O B K @ _ A ] B A _ \ B _ _ Q A ; V

AXKF_ QS KHAKI+ GAY RNQ] GAK]_ ]QEEBEG+



Be bia yhb b qa: YBFA FKEKGAFEAY B__QA_ ?

MNNL ]A_NQ]OA_ ?

WAM_BYA ]A_NQ]OA_ ?

EAW _YKEIK]I_ DN] S= 9

KFAEIAI YN BK_;2 9

LAR SBYDK@@_ DN] S= 9

D7’K YBFAI [QA_YBNE 1

HAK@YHR _YQIRBEG 2

OQ]]AEY B__QA_ S= ;3

LAR YBS_ DN] D7 ;3

DBEGA] YBS_ ;;

YBS_ D]NF Ax&S= ;9

KMNQY Q_ ;?

S k g a = Y } k d d b o a & Z B E A

Yhb b qa wa ynnl yha nssn}yqebyr yn y}kol inwe nfa KOOKLqwkby _yqiaey % Yha a yqiaey hkta hk}ai yhab} axsa}baeoane yqirbeg yha S= sksa}% Ohaol nqy skga ;3 dn} yhab} axyae btagqbikeoa ne yqirbeg yha a sksa} % Bd rnq wnq`i `bla yn makfneg yha yns yn}ba n} lenw ke KOOK whn hnq i ma sk}y nd Y}kddbo‒ Yns _yn}ba aei q ke afkb` ky:

kooky}kddbo&fk}laybegChnyfkb`%on%ql%

YKH]AAF HKFBI․%%%kitboas rnq:

Iq}beg axkf, k`wkr laask ohaol nd yha ybfa saey

ne k gbtae {qa ybne% Bd k {qa ybne b yklbeg ynn `neg, fnta ne yn yha eaxy {qa ybne be yaki nd onfs}nfb beg yha ybfa k``nokyai dn} yha }a y nd yha sksa}%

K]_@KE FQEB]․%%%kitboas rnq:

K`wkr ykr fnybtkyai, fkla yqirbeg dqe

( s a } h k s m r w } b y b e g gaea}k` onffaey ne rnq} enya ", `aas wa`` kei k`wkr laas k mk`keoa maywaae yqirbeg kei }ao}akybne% Eata}

gay mnggai inwe mr rnq} yqiba yn yha snbey wha}a rnq bgen}a rnq} dkfb`r, d}baei , hak`yh kei }ao}akybnek` ybfa %

HBGH _ON]A_IAOAFMA] =3;;

D7

YKE LKB EBE \FK@K_ON]A: 24

S=

OHKB RBA YKE \FK@_ON]A: 2;

YN_ON]AN]ENYYN_ON]AYHKYB_YHA[QA_Y+

KYYAFSY: JQEA =3;;

KYYAFSY: IAOAFMA] =3;;



] a t b b n e s a o b k ` a } b a

Ybfa fkekgafaey aaf ynma yha fkjn} b qa dn} fkerKOOK okeibikya % Yhb bkssk}aey d}nf fker }aoaeyaxkfbea} }asn}y % Yha b qak` n kssak} yn ma fn}as}nfbeaey be yha KOOKnsybne sksa} kei

saobdbok``r dn} Sksa} S?%

Ybfa fkekgafaey b yhafkekgbeg nd rnq} ybfa n

yhky ybfa b q ai yn rnq}kitkeykga kei gbta rnq kohkeoa yn saei rnq} fn ytk`qkmà }a nq}oa be yhawkr rnq ohnn a% Mqy hnw bby inea>

Yha db} y lar aàfaey:S`keebeg % Qyb`bza rnq} ;1fbeqya wb a`r% S`ke kmnqywhky rnq eaai yn w}bya kei

whky rnq wb`` ma w}bybeg%Eaxy, yk}y w}bybeg+

Yha aonei lar aàfaey:Fnebyn}beg

% K`wkr laaske ara ne yha ybfa% Fnebyn}yha kfnqey nd ybfa yhky hksk ai whae rnq k}a ineawbyh rnq} {qa ybne% Yhb wkrrnq wb`` ma ne y}kol% By wb``k` n ha`s rnq ktnbi

saeibeg ynn fqoh ybfa nek begà {qa ybne%

Yha yhb}i lar aàfaey: Ybfa FkekgafaeyAxa}obsa

% Iq}beg rnq}yqir sa}bni s`ke hnwfqoh rnq wkey yn saei nek sk}yboq`k} aoybne,{qa ybne n} fk}l % Hkta yhbiaobiai ak}`r yn rnq koyqkàxkf kyyafsy% YFA hnqìdnoq ne rnq} koyqk` saaiwhbà kyyafsybeg ksk}yboq`k} fk}l {qa ybne%Neoa yhky b iaya}fbeaiwn}l ne hnw rnq oke q a

rnq} saai yn rnq}kitkeykga%

Yha dnq}yh lar aàfaey:Kyybyqia % Be hn}y, Ine'yskebo% Yha ok`fa} rnq k}ayha fn}a kà}y rnq‒`` ma%Skebo ne`r gay be yha wkrnd rnq} saai% Bd rnq k}a ynnea}tnq , rnq wb`` ma ynnkgbykyai yn oneoaey}kya%Kei bd rnq ynn ok qk` rnqwney ma kà}y% _n yk}gay

nfayhbeg be yha fbiià’nfayhbeg nd k }bghy

kyybyqia% Dnoq ne }a`kxbegrnq} a`d% Ykla iaas `nw

m}akyh , ykla ndd rnq} hnakei sq`` rnq} àg qs n}bfs`r yhbel ok`f

yhnqghy %

Kei `k y`r ine'y dn}gay yhamk bo k` `nokybneyaoheb{qas % Bd rnqhktae'y dbeb hai, àkta `nynd skoa be yha axkfmnnlày% Ke wa} by `kya}+

S k g a ?

]AFAFMA] YHA GN@IAE

]Q@A_

Gay nfa àas

Aky nfayhbeg HAK@YHR

Wkyoh yha o`nol

_yk}y wbyh yha ak r nea

Mqbì be }atb bne ybfa

Ine'y àkta yha axkf ak}`r

Ykla oney}n` nd rnq} y}a

Dn} yhn a nd rnq dbeibegKqibybeg ikqeybeg, wa}aonffaei k mnnl yhky b

bfsà be `kegqkga, m}bad beoneoasy , }aàtkey be oneyaxykei sa}daoy dn} rnq} D8 keiS7%

SKO‒ ‘‒Kqibybeg 984 [ $K‒‒ b k mnnl ia bgeai dn}

yqiaey kyyafsybeg yhab}kqibybeg axkf % Yhb mnnl hkk eqfma} nd {qa ybneib oq beg oneoasy nd kqibybeg kei Beya}ekybnek`Kqibybeg _ykeik}i (B_K "%

Yha mnnl s}ntbia {qa ybnene eak}`r k`` nd yha kqibybegk}ak kei b k gnni

}as`koafaey dn} yha n}bgbek`B_K % Fn y nd yha {qa ybnehkta fk}l kiiai yn yhaf%

Yhb wb`` ha`s fn y bes`keebeg snbey yn ke wa} ksk}yboq`k} fk}l {qa ybne %

Yha ne`r ib kitkeykga nd yhamnnl b yha sk}y neonfskeba koy% Yha dnoq aikoy b yha OnfskerN}ibekeoa ;289 whboh b yhaSklb yke‒ onfsker‒ `kwfklbeg by b}}aàtkey dn} yhn a

yqirbeg yha QL n} BEY

ta} bne nd Kqiby%

Ksk}y d}nf yhb by keaxoa`àey àk}ebeg gqbia% Yhamnnl b ne`r ktkb`kmà beSklb yke%

Ohaol nqy skga1 dn} k D7

n`tai{qa ybne wbyh

ybfbeg+

Dn} yhn a gbtbeg yhab} S=y h b J q e a ( = 3 ; = " ,www%bk s`q %onf b

yha fn y }aàtkey wam byayn ma kooa beg yhb fneyh%

Wbyh yha qsikya yn yhawam bya yhky ynnl s`koaak}`ba} nd `k y fneyh yhbwam bya hk bedn}fkybne dn}yha eaw ykeik}i yhkyhkta yha snyaeybk` yn maaxkfbeai be yha qsonfbeg

byybeg%

B K _ S @ Q _ % o n f h kqffk}ba ne k`` yhaykeik}i k`neg wbyh yha

qsikya yn yha a ykeik}i %Wbyhbe yha }a nq}oa

aoybne Ia`nbyya hk k` nk i ia i qs oa}ykbeinoqfaey ib oq beg yha

ohkega be ykeik}i %

Yha eaw wam bya k` n hkd}a h dakyq}a % Yha wam byahk kiiai k`` }aàtkeysqm`bokybne yn k ykeik}iwbyhbe yha qffk}r

aoybne% Enw, rnq okek o o a a t a } r y h b e gsqm`b hai mr kooa beg yha

qffk}r% Yhb ktaq}dbeg ybfa%

Hktae'y ohaolai nqy yhawam bya ray> Wa``, whky k}arnq wkbybeg dn}, ykla km}akl d}nf rnq} yaxy+



Mr enw rnq k`` k}a kwk}a nd yha eaw ykeik}i yhky hktamaae kiiai yn yha S=Axkfbekmà Inoqfaey `b y%Ae q}a yhky yha a k}a ne ynsnd rnq} `b y dn} }atb bne% Yhbb qa Y}kddbo s}ntbia rnq km}bad be bghy beyn BD]_;3%BD]_;3 a ykm`b ha s}beobsàdn} yha s}a aeykybne keis}ask}kybne nd one n`bikyaidbekeobk` ykyafaey whae keaeybyr oney}n` nea n} fn}anyha} aeybyba %BD]_;3 ina eny iak` wbyhkoonqeybeg }a{qb}afaey dn}mq bea onfmbekybne keiyhab} addaoy ne one n`bikybne,beo`qibeg gnniwb`` k}b beg nek mq bea onfmbekybne% Yhb}afkbe wbyh BD]_?%

Yha ykeik}i ina , hnwata},bey}niqoa eaw iadbebybne}a{qb}afaey dn} oney}n`% Yhalar s}beobsà be yha eaw

ykeik}i b yhky oney}n` axb ykei one n`bikybne b}a{qb}ai, ne`r bd yha beta yn}sn a a snwa} nta} yhabeta yaa, hk axsn q}a yntk}bkmà }ayq}e d}nf bybetn`tafaey wbyh yhabeta yaa kei hk yha kmb`byryn q a by snwa} nta} yhabeta yaa yn kddaoy by }ayq}e %S}bn} yn BD]_;3, oney}n`yh}nqgh tnybeg }bghy wkkii}a ai mr BK_=7 whbàaxsn q}a yn tk}bkmà }ayq}ew k k e b f s n } y k e yone bia}kybne wbyhbe _BO;=d}kfawn}l% BD]_;3 `belsnwa} kei }ayq}e mr

bey}niqobeg ke kiibybnek`}a{qb}afaey yhky beta yn} bokskmà nd wbaìbeg yhkysnwa} yn bed`qaeoa by}ayq}e %

Yha eaw ykeik}i k` n aynqy one n`bikybne s}beobsàkei gqbikeoa dn} fak q}begEOB, snyaeybk` tnybeg }bghykei koonqeybeg dn} `n nd oney}n`%BD]_;3 kss`ba yn k`` sk}aeyaeybyba yhky eaai yn s}a aeyone n`bikyai dbekeobk`

ykyafaey , axoasy dn} sn yafs`nrfaey maeadby s`ke n}nyha} `neg ya}f afs`nraamaeadby s`ke yn whboh BK_;2kss`ba %

Fn}a ne BK_S`q %onf

Dkb` yn fkla k }ak nekmà kyyafsy kyk`` sk}y nd yha {qa ybne ’k Eaaidn} fn}a onfs}ahae bta ke wa} %]asakybeg bedn}fkybne gbtae be yha{qa ybne wbyhnqy axs`kbebeg hnw bybfskoy yha dbekeobk` ykyafaey

[qnybeg dkoy d}nf ykeik}iwbyhnqy }ada}}beg yn yha {qa ybne%Ke wa}beg K@@ dnq} {qa ybne %Okòq`kybne nd bfskb}faey nd gnniwb`` dn} Sk}ybk` gnniwb`` fayhni

inea snn}`r%Bfskb}faey ne dbekeobk` k ayokòq`kyai w}neg`r’q a nd w}negib onqey }kya %Onedq bne nta} onfsneaeykoonqeybeg nd ene oq}}aey k ay %Dkb`q}a yn okòq`kya fntafaey bea{qbyr dn} EOB dn} ib sn k` %

Fn}a Ybs onfbeg be yha eaxy b qa % _ykr yqeai+

S k g a 9

Yha kfaeiai BK_ ;2Afs`nraa Maeadby ykeik}i wk sqm`b hai ne ;4 Jqea=3;;% _nfa bgebdbokeytk}bkybne axb yai be yhasqm`bokybne%

Yha fn y bgebdbokey ohkega byha a`bfbekybne nd yha

‘‒on}}bin} kss}nkoh‒‒ qeia}whboh yha }aongebybne nd koyqk}bk` gkbe kei `n aonqì ma iada}}ai% Yha eaw}qà b ‘k`` koyqk}bk` gkbe kei `n a k}a }aongebzai b f f a i b k y a ` r b e n y h a }

onfs}ahae bta beonfa‒%

Yha kfaeiai ykeik}i k` nbey}niqoa k eaw kss}nkoh ynokòq`kybeg $ s}a aeybeg eayb e y a } a y b e o n f a n }axsae a ne yha eay iadbeaimaeadby `bkmb`byr (k ay"%

Kfaeiai ykeik}i fkla enohkega yn yha qeia}`rbegfak q}afaey fayhni beBK_;2 dn} sn y afs`nrfaeymaeadby , k`yhnqgh ohkegahki maae s}nsn ai ak}`ba} beyha BK_M‒ s}njaoy%

_nfa nd yha ya}f q ai beyha kfaeiai ykeik}i, a%g%

ayyàfaey $ koyqk}bk` gkbe n}`n a , k}a enw iadbeaiibdda}aey`r%

K ya}fbekybne maeadby b enw}aongebzai ky yha ak}`ba} nd:

W h a e y h a a e y b y r}aongebza on y dn} k}a y}qoyq}beg wbyhbe yha

on}a nd BK_?7 yhkybeo`qia yha skrfaey nd ya}fbekybne maeadby <kei

Whae yha aeybyr oke en`nega} wbyhi}kw yha ndda}n d y h a y a } f b e k y b n e

maeadby %

Y ] K D D B O a & z B E A

Ohaol nqy skga ;3 dn}

iaykb` ne sk y sksa}

{qa ybne yhky k}a

bfskoyai mr yha

kfaeifaey %

DNNIDKOY

Nea yhb}i nd ke nqeoa

nd ohnon`kya k ikrha`s s}nyaoy kgkbe ykga }a`kyai fafn}r

`n %

K ]AFBEIA] ND S= SK__ ]KYA

KMOI_BH[W]Y %%%Kei yha sa}oaeykga b ․

‘I}qf ‒, ‘I}qf ‒ ․․%

98 !S=



[Q A

_ Y

B NE

Y B F A

WN]LBEG 1’]AYKBEAI AK]EBEG_$ ]A_A]TA_

_YKYAI YBFA:;3 Fbe %Ne`r g}nqs hk}a nd sn y ko{qb bybne }aykbeaiAk}ebeg kei }a a}ta k}a beo`qiai beone n`bikyai _NDS%;% Hbgh`bghy yha Sk}aey kei qm bibk}r

}aykbeai ak}ebeg kei }a a}ta=% Iaya}fbea kiibybnek` enya yhky fbghy

bfskoy yha }aykbeai ak}ebeg $ }a a}ta nd yha g}nqs%

] a t b b n e s a o b k ` a } b a

Yha [QA_YBNE ; nd D7 Axkf sksa}b q qk``r ne yha ynsbo nd g}nqskoonqeybeg% Ha}a, yha {qa ybne b

n`tai wbyh yha k fnebyn}ai ybfa%Yhb wb`` gbta rnq ke biak nd yhask}y nd {qa ybne rnq hnqì madbeb hai wbyh be yha ykyai ybfa%Yha ohn ae {qa ybne b [qa ybne ;nd Iaoafma} =3;; sksa} %

Yha k``nokyai ybfa yn [qa ybne ; b?1 Fbeqya be yhb s}koyboa% Yha

ykyai ybfa b dn} k {qa ybne wbyhyha }a{qb}afaey nd s}ask}beg kONE_N@BIKYAI _YKYAFAEY NDDBEKEOBK@ SN_BYBNE%

Ae q}a yhky rnq hkta fafn}bzairnq} okòq`kybne ohk}y wa``%

S k g a 1

DNNI DKOY Yha g}akya y nq}oa nd dn

rnq} kà}yea , oneoaey}kybnk}a: Ikb}r s}niqoy , Agg , _ak

Ine‒y kmnykga rnq} a`d, ]kyha}, ohnn a yha tk}bayba

`nw be k`y kei qehak`yhr d

WN]LBEG ;’G]NQS _Y]QOYQ]A_YKYAI YBFA:= Fbe%

Iaya}fbea bd g}nqs y}qoyq}a b gbtae n} eaai yn maokòq`kyai%Bd by eaai yn ma okòq`kyai hbgh`bghy yha dn``nwbeg:;% Eqfma} nd hk}a mnqghy be yha qm bibk}r=% Ynyk` eqfma} nd hk}a be yha qm bibk}r _NDSIbtbia (;" mr (=" yn gay yha ! Hnìbeg%

WN]LBEG =’EAY K__AY _Y]QOYQ]A_YKYAI YBFA:= Fbe%

;% Iaya}fbea yha ky Ko{qb bybne kei ky ]asn}ybeg Ikyatk`qa dn} yha _qm bibk}r% ]afafma} yha EAY K__AYwb`` beo`qia yha _hk}a Oksbyk` , _hk}a S}afbqf ,]aykbeai Ak}ebeg kei ]a a}ta %

=% Hbgh`bghy ker kijq yfaey }a{qb}ai dn} k ay eny

beo`qiai be yha ene oq}}aey k ay nd qm bibk}r% Dn}axkfsà, m}kei, skyaey, oq ynfa} `b y sq}ohk ai%?% Iaya}fbea yha Dkb} Tk qa Kijq yfaey d}nf yha gbtae

enya % Kijq y dn} yha beo}ak a.iao}ak a be dkb} tk`qa nd k ay wbyhbe yha eay k ay ohaiqà% ]afafma} yhky kyko{qb bybne kijq yfaey beo`qia yha beo}ak a.iao}ak abe dkb} tk`qa% Yha }asn}ybeg ikya hnqì ma eay nd ias}aobkybne ohk}ga%

]afafma} yn kijq y yha ene oq}}aey k ay (@kei,SSA" be yha dbek` one n`bikyai _NDS%Yha S}a&Ko{qb bybne S}ndbyk}a yha }a a}ta whbohaxb y be k qm bibk}r onfsker ky yha ikya whae by b

ko{qb}ai% Yhar k}a oksbyk`bzai ky yha ikya nd ko{qb bybnemr beo`qibeg yhaf be yha gnniwb`` okòq`kybne %Sn y ko{qb bybne s}ndby k}a s}ndby fkia kei beo`qiaibe yha }aykbeai ak}ebeg nd yha qm bibk}r onfskerdn``nwbeg ko{qb bybne% Yhar k}a beo`qiai be g}nqs}aykbeai ak}ebeg %

WN]LBEG ?’GNNIWB@@ OK@OQ@KYBNE_YKYAI YBFA:8 Fbe %

;% Iaya}fbea yha on y nd beta yfaey%=% Hbgh`bghy yha gbtae fayhni nd okòq`kybeg gnniwb``%?% Iaya}fbea ker bfskb}faey }a{qb}afaey \ q qk``r

faeybneai be yha enya V%]afafma} beobiaeyk` on y nd ko{qb bybne k}a axsae ai%Ker oneybegaey one bia}kybne b fak q}ai ky dkb} tkà kyko{qb bybne ikya% Iada}}ai one bia}kybne, k` n fak q}ai

WN]LBEG 9’EOB OK@OQKYBNE_YKYAI YBFA:1 Fbe %

Ohnn a yha }aàtkey dn}fky koon}ibeg yn yhagbtae fayhni nd gnniwb`` okòq`kybne%Ae q}a rnq beo`qia yha SN_Y KO[QB_BYBNE_HK]A ND S]NDBY_ be EOB%Hbgh`bghy ker enya gbtae yhky fbghy bfskoy yhaEOB okòq`kybne %

ky dkb} tk`qa, b okòq`kyai mr ib onqeybeg yhakfnqey skrkmà yn s}a aey tk`qa kyko{qb bybne%

WN]LBEG 4’DBEK@ S]ASK]KYBNE_YKYAI YBFA:8 Fbe %

_eakl k {qbol sakl ky k`` yha gbtae enya yn aabd rnq hkta fb ai nqy ker n} eny%S}ask}a rnq} dbek` ykyafaey nd dbekeobk`sn bybne dn} yha gbtae rak} kei yha gbtae g}nqs%Fkla q}a rnq q a yha on}}aoy rak} aei ikya keis}a aey yha }bghy dn}fky nd yha dbekeobk`

ykyafaey%Gbta rnq} ykyafaey nea `k y `nnl madn}afntbeg dn}wk}i%

․%oneybeqai



(=" EAY K__AY_

Fr Enya : Yha One n`bikyai _ykyafaey nd Dbekeobk` Sn bybnewb`` beo`qia yha dn``nwbeg dbgq}a :

Yha ]aykbeai Ak}ebeg wb`` }a{qb}a yha nyha} bia nd aey}r:I] ]aykbeai Ak}ebeg )3%1fO] Beykegbmà K ay )3%1f

Yha ]aykbeai Ak}ebeg wb`` }a{qb}a yha nyha} bia nd aey}r:I] ]aykbeai Ak}ebeg );fO] S`key );f

_N@TAI [QA_YBNEIAOAFMA] =3;;

(;" G]NQS _Y]QOYQ]A;% Eqfma} nd hk}a mnqghy be yha qm bibk}r 6 8 fb``bne=% Ynyk` hk}a be yha qm bibk}r _NDS 6 ;3 fb``bne

Ibtbia (;" mr (=" yn gay yha ! Hnìbeg%

WN]LBEG_OK@OQ@KYBNE_

(?" GNNIWB@@ OK@OQ@KYBNE

IKYK :_hk}a Oksbyk` 6 );3f \GbtaeV]aykbeai Ak}ebeg ky rak} aei 6 );8f \gbtaeV]aykbeai Ak}ebeg ky ko{qb bybne 6);=f \gbtaeV

Kijq yfaey :KIJQ_Y ;Enya bb: ‘ Ky yha ikya nd ko{qb bybne, Sk`kibe tk`qai _k}koae‒

oq ynfa} }a`kybne hbs k k oq ynfa} mk a beykegbmà k ay ky dkb} tk`qa nd )? fb``bne% _k}koae hk eny koonqeyai dn} yhb k ay%

Y}kibeg }a`kybne hbs wbyh _k}koae‒ oq ynfa} `k y ne kta}kga dn} bx rak} %‒

Ib oq bne : BD]_? }a{qb}a }aongebybne nd beykegbmà k ay yhkyk}a sq}ohk ai%KIJQ_Y =

Enya bb: ‘ Ky yha ikya nd ko{qb bybne, yha dkb} tk`qa nd _k}koae‒s}nsa}yr, s`key kei a{qbsfaey wk a{qk` yn by ok}}rbeg kfnqey wbyhyha axoasybne nd _k}koae‒ s`key whboh hki k dkb} tk`qa nd )9 fb``bne

kmnta by ok}}rbeg kfnqey% Ky yhky ikya yha s`key hki k }afkbebeg`bda nd dnq} rak} % _k}koae q a y}kbghy&`bea ias}aobkybne dn} s`key

k qfbeg k eb` }a biqk` tk`qa%‒

Ib oq bne : BD]_? }a{qb}a yhky dn} yha onfsqykybne nd gnniwb`` ne ko{qb bybne, yha ko{qb}a} hnqì fak q}a DT nd k ay kei `bkmb`byba % Whae yha k ay y}ke da}}ai k one bia}k&ybne hkta k ibdda}aey dkb} tk`qa d}nf mnnl tk`qa, yha ko{qb}a}hk yn }afak q}a yha dkb} tk`qa nd qoh k ay kei }aongebzagkbe n} `n be by s}ndby n} `n %

Fkla q}a rnq }afafma} yn kijq y yha ]aykbeaiAk}ebeg .S}ndby dbgq}a koon}ibeg`r whbà okòq`kybeg yhaOne n`bikyai dbgq}a dn} ]aykbeai Ak}ebeg %

IKYK: _k}koae 6 83!Kqgq yk 6 =1! (gbtae"

Rak} Aei 6 _asy =3;;Ko{qb bybne ikya :_ 6 Noy =3;3 (Dq`` Rak}"K 6 Dam =3;;(8 Fneyh "

Sk`kibe

_k}koae Kqgqsyk

83! =1!

_K]KOAEEAY K__AY_ KO[QB]AI

KYKO[QB_BYBNE

KY]ASN]YBEG

IKYA

)f )f

_hk}a Oksbyk ;3 ;3 ]aykbeai Ak}ebeg ;= ;8

== =8 Kijq yfaey :Sq}ohk ai Beykegbmà K ay ? =%1DT S`key 9 ?

=2 ??%1

S]NSA]YR S@KEY $ A[QBYSFAEY )f

SK]AEY‒ 93

_QM‒ ?;

DT KIJQ_YFAEY (9OT’;IAS" ?

79

BEYKEGBM@A K__AY_ )f

SK]AEY‒ 7%1

_QM‒ (?OT’3%1IAS" =%1

;3%3

IKYK :On y nd Beta yfaey:

Bffaibkya skrfaey nd )9 sa} hk}aDq}yha} kfnqey iada}}ai qeyb` ; Noynma} =3;; nd )1·9FYha bffaibkya skrfaey hk maae }aon}iai be Sk`kibe‒dbekeobk` ykyafaey , mqy yha iada}}ai skrfaey hk enymaae }aon}iai% Sk`kibe‒ on y nd oksbyk` b 8! sa} keeqf%

)f )f

On y Nd Beta yfaey:

Ok h Skrfaey ?=

Iada}}ai Skrfaey 1

?7

S k g a 4 Y } k d d b o a & Z B E A



(9"EOB OK@OQ@KYBNE

Beo`qiai be yha A{qbyr Sn}ybne nd yha One n`bikyai _ykyafaeynd Dbekeobk` Sn bybne%

Gnniwb`` b }aon}iai qeia} Ene Oq}}aey K ay be yha

One n`bikyai _ykyafaey nd Dbekeobk` Sn bybne%One n`bikyai Ene oq}}aey @bkmb`byba wb`` beo`qia )1f nd Iada}}ai One bia}kybneK` n, yhb aey}r }agk}ibeg Qewbeibeg nd Ib onqey 6 )3%9f, wb``ma }aàtkey:I] One n`bikyai ]aykbeai Ak}ebeg )3%9fO] One n`bikyai Ene Oq}}aey `bkmb`byba )3%9f

Akoh rak} yha ib onqey b ‘qewnqei‒% Yhb beo}ak a yhaiada}}ai `bkmb`byr akoh rak} kei yha ib onqey b y}akyai k kdbekeoa on y%

Enya b: ‘Sk`kibe‒ sn`bor b yn tk`qa yha ene&oney}n``beg beya}a y ky dkb} tk`qa ky yha ikya nd ko{qb bybne% Dn} yhb sq}sn a yha ib}aoyn} nd Sk`kibe one bia}ai k hk}a s}boa dn} _k}koae nd )?·13 sa} hk}a yn

ma kss}ns}bkya%‒

DT ND EOB 6)?%13 x (;3f hk}a x =3!" 6)7fEnya bt: ‘ Bfskb}faey ya y wa}a ok}}bai nqy ne ?3 _asyafma} =3;;whboh oneo`qiai yhky one n`bikyai gnniwb`` wk eny bfskb}ai, mqy,

iqa yn ib kssnbeybeg ak}ebeg , yha tk`qa nd yha B ta yfaey be Kqgq ykwk bfskb}ai mr )=·1 fb``bne%‒

Ib oq bne:Gnniwb`` hk eny maae bfskb}ai%

DT ND EOB 7

99

DT ND EAY K__AY_ KO[QB]AI (W=" (=2"

GNNIWB@@ KO[QB]AI ;1

IKYK :DT ND EOB 6)?%13 x (;3f hk}a x =3!" 6)7fEOB ! nd sn y ko{qb bybne s}ndby k }as}a aeyai mr ohkega be

eay k ay :SN_Y KO[QB_BYBNE S]NDBY 6 )??%1f’)=2f 6 )9%1fEOB ! 6 )9%1f x =3! 6 )3%2f

EOB b fak q}ai ne k dkb} tk`qa mk b yn ma one b yaey wbyh yhagnniwb`` koonqeybeg sn`bor%

Rnq oke y}r nyha} dn}fky dn} yha okòq`kybne nd EOB%

)f )f

DT nd EOB ky Ko{qb bybne 7

_hk}a nd Sn y Ko{qb bybne ]A 9%1

EOB _hk}a (=3!" 3%2

7%2

(1"ONE_N@BIKYAI ]AYKBEAI AK]EBEGIKYK :

Sk}aey‒ ]aykbeai Ak}ebeg 6 Gbtae_qm bibk}r' ]aykbeai Ak}ebeg 6 Okòq`kyai C g}nqs hk}a

]aki yha enya gbta be {qa ybne yn biaeybdr ker aàfaeywhboh hkta maae biaeybdbai n} okòq`kyai whboh enw eaaiyn ma beo`qiai wbyhbe abyha} }aykbeai ak}ebeg n} nyha}}a a}ta %Gbta saobk` kyyaeybne yn }aykbeai ak}ebeg okòq`kybne %

)f )fSK]AEY‒ ?9%2

_QM‒ C 83! 9%1 ?%4

?8%1

K__NOBKYA‒ KIJQ_YFAEY_ (W4" (=%?"

DBEKEOA ON_Y (W?" (3%9"

QE]AK@B_AI S]NDBY (W7" (3%4"

?1%=

(4"K__NOBKYA‒_ OK@OQ@KYBNE

Yha dn``nwbeg k}a yha }aàtkey aey}ba :I] Beta yfaey be K nobkya )3%=fO] One n`bikyai ]aykbeai Ak}ebeg )3%=f

I] One n`bikyai ]aykbeai Ak}ebeg )=%1fO] Beta yfaey be K nobkya )=%1f

IKYK :Beta yfaey be Kqgq yk 6 );3f \GbtaeVSn y Ko{qb bybne S}ndby 6 );%=f \GbtaeVKoonqeybeg Sa}bni 6 8 Fneyh

Enya bt: ‘ Bfskb}faey ya y wa}a ok}}bai nqy ne ?3 _asyafma} =3;;whboh oneo`qiai yhky one n`bikyai gnniwb`` wk eny bfskb}ai, mqy,

iqa yn ib kssnbeybeg ak}ebeg , yha tk`qa nd yha B ta yfaey be Kqgq ykwk bfskb}ai mr )=·1 fb``bne%‒

K nobkya k}a a{qbyr koonqeyai be yha g}nqs dbekeobk`ykyafaey %

]AFAFMA] yn beo`qia BETA_YFAYE BE K__NOBKYA BE YHA_YKYAFAEY ND DBEKEOBK@ SN_BYBNE%

)f

OK_H ONE_BIA]KYBNE ;3

_HK]A ND SN_Y KO[ S]NDBY 3%=

;3%=

BFSKB]FAEY @N__ (=%1"

7%7

] a t b b n e s a o b k ` a } b a S k g a 7



_N@TAI [QA_YBNEIAOAFMA] =3;;

(7" QE]AK@B_AI S]NDBY

S}boa nd gnni 6 )=%4fFk}l qs nd ?3! ne on y, yha}adn}a, yha okòq`kybne wb`` ma:()=%4f x ?3.;?3" 6 )3%4f

Kijq yfaey }a{qb}ai:I] One n`bikyai ]aykbeai Ak}ebeg )3%4fO] One n`bikyai Betaeyn}r )3%4f

Betaeyn}r Dbgq}a be yha One n`bikyai _ykyafaey nd Dbekeobk`Sn bybne:

IKYK: Enya bbb: ‘Ky ?3 _asyafma} =3;;, _k}koae‒ betaeyn}r beo`qiai

gnni mnqghy d}nf Sk`kibe (ky on y yn _k}koae" nd )=·4 fb``bne%Sk`kibe hki fk}lai qs yha a gnni mr ?3! ne on y%

Sk`kibe‒ kg}aai oq}}aey koonqey mk`keoa nwai mr _k}koae ky ?3_asyafma} =3;; wk );·? fb``bne%‒

Sk}aey nì gnni yn qm bibk}rWhae nea g}nqs onfsker a`` gnni yn kenyha} k eqfma} nd kijq yfaey fkr ma eaaiai%

oq}}aey koonqey fq y ma okeoa`àiWha}a gnni k}a yb`` haì mr g}nqs onfsker kerqe}ak`bzai s}ndby fq y ma okeoa`àiBetaeyn}r fq y ma beo`qiai ky n}bgbek` on y yn yha g}nqs b%a%on y yn yha onfsker whboh yhae nì by%

Yha s}noa yn kijq y b :;% Iaya}fbea yha tk`qa nd o`n beg betaeyn}r beo`qiai be

beibtbiqk` onfsker‒ koonqey whboh hk maae sq}ohk aid}nf kenyha} onfsker be yha g}nqs%

=% Q a fk}l qs n} fk}gbe yn okòq`kya hnw fqoh nd yhky tk`qa}as}a aey s}ndby ak}eai mr yha a``beg onfsker%

?% Fkla yha kijq yfaey % Yhb wb`` iasaei ne whn yha a`à}b % Bd yha a`à} b yha sk}aey onfsker, yhae s}ndby aàfaey bbeo`qiai be yha hnìbeg onfsker‒ koonqey kei }a`kyaaeyb}a`r yn yha g}nqs%

․oneybeqai

(8" BEY]K ONFSKER KOONQEY_Kijq yfaey Aey}r:I] One n`bikyai Y}kia Skrkmà );%?fO] One n`bikyai Y}kia ]aoabtkmà );%?fDbgq}a be yha One n`bikyai _ykyafaey nd Dbekeobk` Sn bybne:

IKYK: Enya bbb: ‘Sk`kibe‒ kg}aai oq}}aey koonqey mk`keoa nwai mr

_k}koae ky ?3 _asyafma} =3;; wk );·? fb``bne%‒

Bd S $ _ y}kia wbyh akoh nyha} yhae yhb wb`` s}nmkm`r ma ineane o}aiby àkibeg yn:

K }aoabtkmà koonqey be nea onfsker‒ _NDSK skrkmà koonqey be nyha} onfsker‒ _NDS

Yha a k}a kfnqey nwbeg wbyhbe yha g}nqs }kyha} yhke nqy biayha g}nqs kei yha}adn}a yhar fq y eny kssak} be yhaone n`bikyai ykyafaey nd dbekeobk` sn bybne% Yhar k}ayha}adn}a okeoa`ài kgkbe y akoh nyha} ne one n`bikybne%

)f

SK]AEY‒ ;;%=

_QM‒ 8%9

Kijq yfaey: Q]S (3%4"

;2

)f

SK]AEY‒ 7%9_QM‒ 1%?

Kijq yfaey (;%?"

;;%9

Y] YS

)f

;;%44%=

(;%?"

;4%1

_n, yha}a rnq gn, k`` yha wn}lbeg inea% Wbyh 8 Fbe % }akfbeg ne yha o`nol yk}y s}ask}beg rnq} dbekeobk` ykyafaey% Fkla q}arnq} hbgh`bghy yha dbgq}a yhky in eny }a{qb}a ker kijq yfaey kei yhn a yhky eaai yn ma }ada}}ai yh}nqgh wn}lbeg % Bd akohkei ata}r dbgq}a b oàk}`r `kmaài, rnq wb`` ma kmà yn dbeb h yha ykyafaey nd dbekeobk` sn bybne be yha ykyai ybfa nd 8 Fbeqya

Rnq ine'y hkta yn dn``nw Y}kddbo‒ ykyai ybfa dn} akoh wn}lbeg rnq oke ohnn a rnq} nwe ybfa `bfby iasaeibeg ne rnq}qeia} ykeibeg nd yha wn}lbeg oneoasy% _n, whky k}a rnq wkbybeg dn}> Gbta yha {qa ybne k y}r wbyh Y}kddbo‒ wn}lbeg dn}fky mrnq} nwe ybfa `bfby % Gnni @qol+

@ay q lenw bd rnq dnqei yhb YBFA D]KFA ha`sdq`% Rnq oke }akoh q ky kooky}kddbo&fk}laybegChnyfkb`%on%ql%

Eaxy a}ba :Yha One n`bikyai _ykyafaey nd Onfs}ahae bta Beonfa% _ykr Yqeai+


WN]LBEG_OK@OQ@KYBNE




Eqy}bybne _obaeyb y O`kb}a FkoAtb``r axs`kbe whr by' bfsn}ykey yn fkbeykbe kmk`keoai ibay yh}nqghnqy yha axkf sa}bni:

K`yhnqgh wabghbeg ne`r =! nd ynyk` mnir wabghy, yha m}kbe q akss}nxbfkya`r =3! nd yha mnir' aea}gr ky }a y% Yhb b whr }agq`k},eqy}bybnq fak` k}a bfsn}ykey iq}beg axkf ybfa%Yha m}kbe b snwa}ai mr aea}gr whboh onfa d}nf m}nlae inwe dnni% Yhas}bfk}r nq}oa nd aea}gr dn} yha m}kbe b g`qon a whboh onfa d}nfok}mnhri}kya }boh dnni `bla m}aki kei sk yk% Yha m}kbe' aea}gr yn}ak}a ta}r fk``, n yn laas by dqeoybnebeg ky by ma y, by eaai one ykeyg`qon a }as`koafaey%Dnni bed`qaeoa fnni, mqy fnni k` n bed`qaeoa dnni ohnboa% Yha}a b enfkgbo dnni yn }a`bata y}a , mqy wa wnqì }aonffaei yhky rnq ktnbi

lbssbeg fak` ky k`` on y %

Yha}a b en qoh yhbeg k gnni n} mki dnni dn} axkf , n} ker nyha} ybfand yha rak}% Yha}a k}a hnwata} mki hkmby + Dnoq beg ne nea sk}yboq`k} dnnib k mki yhbeg, n rnq hnqìe'y }ak``r ma akybeg tk y kfnqey nd neask}yboq`k} dnni%

M}kbe dnni ]nqybeaM}akldk yBy' k o`bohâ, mqy m}akldk y }ak``r B_ yha fn y bfsn}ykey fak` nd yha ikr% Rnq}mnir hk maae yk}tai nd dnni k`` ebghy whbà rnq àas kei rnq eaai yn }a&dqa` yn s}ask}a dn} yha ohnn` ikr khaki% Ha}a k}a nfa ybs dn} yha ma y wkryn yk}y rnq} ikr% Hak`yhr nsybne beo`qia:

Oa}ak` n} ynk y, mqy fkla q}a rnq ohnn a k `nw qgk}. k`y oa}ak` kei y}r yngn dn} whnà fak` m}aki%Gay k d}qby sn}ybne be yha fn}ebeg mr hktbeg k g`k nd sq}a d}qby jqboa%Sn}}biga & by' q}s}b beg`r yk yr, kei oke ma fkia be yha fbo}nwkta% Y}r bywbyh ekyq}k` hnear kei k ohnssai mkekek%

@qeohRnq oke fkla hak`yhr ohnboa bd rnq'}a hktbeg k ohnn` ibeea} ky `qeohybfa<rnq jq y eaai yn lenw whboh dnni yn sbol%

_k`ki oke ma k gnni ohnboa, mqy fkla q}a rnq gn ak r ne i}a beg %Jkolay snykyna oke ma ta}r hak`yhr, mqy y}r eny yn hkta ohaa a k k ynssbegk`` yha ybfa%Rnq hnqì ma akybeg dbta sn}ybne nd d}qby kei tagaykmà ata}r ikr, n

ynol qs ky `qeohybfa%

Ibeea}Bd rnq'}a eny onnlbeg rnq} nwe yak, y}r yn gay whnata} b yn yaa} oàk} nd dkyyr,d}bai dnni% K s}nsa} ataebeg fak` wb`` ha`s rnq} m}kbe yn ykolà hnfawn}l%

Kinsyai d}nf: hyys:..www%mmo%on%ql.



] a t b b n e s a o b k ` a } b a S k g a ; 3

DNNI DKOY Snykyna ok`f sansà

inwe mr }aàk beg g`qon abeyn yha m`nni% Yha

addaoy b bfb`k} dn}mkga` kei }boa%

K ]AFBEIA] ND D7 SK__ ]KYA_

KMOI_BH[W]Y %%%Kei yha sa}oaeykga b ․

‘I}qf ‒, ‘I}qf ‒ ․․%

14 !

_hnw iaykbài wn}lbeg dn} dbgq}ayhky eaai qoh’Hkta k m}aklinwend hnw rnq k}}btai ky yha dbek` dbgq}a%_hnw oàk} kei ia o}bsybta wn}lbeg %‘Fker okeibikya w}nya inwe k `neg `bea nd dbgq}a wbyh en w}byyae ia o}bsybne nd whky yha dbgq}a }as}a aeyai n} hnw yhar hki k}}btai ky yhaf% Whae yhb hkssae by b k`fn y bfsn bmà dn} fk}la} yn iaya}fbea whayha} beon}}aoy ynyk` ia a}ta ker o}aiby %‒

]aki yha }a{qb}afaey nd yha{qa ybne ok}adq``r% Y}r ynqeia} ykei yha b qa yhky baxkfbeai%Lenw rnq} g}nqs koonqeybeg wn}l

haay kei oneoasy %

Y}r yn onfsàya k`` DBTA {qa ybne %

Be yha eaxy b qa Y}kddbo m}beg rnq yhlar sbydk`` be G}nqs Koonqeybeg[qa ybne %%%% _ykr Yqeai+

DNNI DKOY _qgk} b tbyk` yn daai rnq}

ha`s rnq skrkyyaeybne kei àk}e eaw ykm aeoa okq a ae kyb

kei ia b}a%

DN] BK_;2 AFS@NRAA_ MAEADBY_

Iaoafma} =337 [qa ybne = (k"

Iaoafma} =3;3 [qa ybne ; (bt"

Iaoafma} =3;; [qa ybne ; (4"Yha MSS ]atb bne Lby kei yha DYO ]atb bne

Lby hkta yha kijq yai ta} bne nd yha a{qa ybne % Fkla q}a yn dn``nw qs rnq} Lby

sk y sksa} {qa ybne %

D7

AI =332.;= Dbekeobk` Be y}qfaey : Kfn}ybzai On y kei Bfskb}faeyYha s}nsn k` be yha AI dn}f yha aonei sk}y nd yha Mnk}i‒ s}njaoyyn }as`koa BK_?2 Dbekeobk` Besy}qfaeys: ]aongebybne keiFaksq}afaey kei }as}a aey k bgebdbokey ohkega d}nf oq}}aeys}koyboa% Yha oq}}aey ‘beoq}}ai `n ‒ kss}nkoh yn bfskb}faey nd dbekeobk` k ay k qfa k`` `nke k}a dq``r }aonta}kmà qeyb` yhanooq}}aeoa nd bfskb}faey beibokyn}% Yha AI s}nsn a yn }as`koa yhbkss}nkoh wbyh ke kss}nkoh mk ai ne axsaoyai `n % Yhb kss}nkohq a ke axsaoyai ok h d`nw o}bya}bk whboh b dn}wk}i `nnlbeg keibeon}sn}kyai axsaoyai dqyq}a o}aiby `n a %

AI =3;3.34 ]ataeqa d}nf oney}koy wbyh oq ynfa}Yha axsn q}a i}kdy s}nsn a k eaw }ataeqa }aongebybne fnia` yhkyonqì bgebdbokey`r ohkega yha wkr aeybyba }aongebza }ataeqa% Yhanmjaoybta b yn }afnta beone b yaeoba be axb ybeg }ataeqa}a{qb}afaey kei bfs}nta yha onfsk}kmb`byr nd }ataeqa }aongebybneko}n beiq y}ba kei oksbyk` fk}lay % Yha s}nsn ai ykeik}iafs`nr ke k ay kei `bkmb`byr kss}nkoh% Oq}}aey }ataeqa gqbikeoadnoq a ne ke ‘ak}ebeg s}noa ‒ mqy ibddboq`yba ndyae k}b a beiaya}fbebeg whae }ataeqa b ak}eai kei whae yha ak}ebeg s}noab onfsàya% Yha mnk}i ma`bata k begà, oney}koy mk ai fnia` yhky}adàoy ohkega be oney}koy k ay kei `bkmb`byba wb`` àki yn g}akya}one b yaeor be yha }aongebybne kei s}a aeykybne nd }ataeqa%

AI =3;3.3; Fak q}afaey nd `bkmb`byba be BK_?7Yha AI afshk bza yhky `bkmb`byba hnqì eny ma fak q}ai kyhrsnyhaybok` y}ke da} n} okeoa``kybne s}boa % Kei kii gqbikeoa nekss`rbeg yha axsaoyai tk`qa yaoheb{qa % By k` n saobdba hnw ynbiaeybdr kei fak q}a }aàtkey dqyq}a nqyd`nw %

AI =3;;.= Bfs}ntafaey be BD]_Lar s}nsn k` be yhb AI }a`kyai yn BD]_;, BK_;4, BK_;= kei BK_?9%Yha AI s}nsn a ohkega yn oa}ykbe ynsbo k}ak nd yha a ykeik}i %

AI =3;;.9 Beta yfaey AeybybaYha nmjaoybta nd yha s}njaoy b yn biaeybdrsk}yboq`k} yrsa nd beta yfaey aeybyr yhky wb`` maaxafsy d}nf yha gaea}k` }a{qb}afaey ynone n`bikya aeybyba yhky yhar oney}n`% Be yaki

qoh ke aeybyr wnqì fak q}a by beta yfaey kydkb} tk`qa, wbyh ohkega be dkb} tk`qa }aongebzaibe s}ndby n} `n %

AI =3;3.;? Haiga Koonqeybeg Yhb b yha dbek` be yk``faey nd yha dbek` shk a yn}as`koa yha axb ybeg ykeik}i ne dbekeobk`be y}qfaey BK_ ?2% Yha AI s}nsn a bgebdbokeyohkega yn yha oq}}aey gaea}k` haiga koonqeybeg }a{qb}afaey whbà yha aonei be yk``faey bbeyaeiai yn kii}a sn}ydn`bn n} fko}n haigbeg%AI=3;;.; Ndd ayybeg Dbekeobk` K ay kei@bkmb`bybaYha s}nsn ai ndd ayybeg o}bya}bk wnqì ma bfb`k}yn yhn a yhky oq}}aey`r axb y be BK_?=% Hnwata},yha s}nsn k` wnqì kfaei BK_ ?= mr o`k}bdrbeg yhky be n}ia} yn aekmà ndd ayybeg, k }bghy nd ay ndd

fq y ma mnyh qeoneibybnek` kei àgk``raedn}oakmà be k`` ob}oqf ykeoa k nssn ai ynyha s}a aey }a{qb}afaey yhky ke aeybyr oq}}aey`rhkta k }bghy yn ay ndd%

AI =3;3.32 @ak aBe yha Axsn q}a I}kdy AI.=3;3.32 @ak a (yhaAI" yha Beya}ekybnek` Koonqeybeg _ykeik}iMnk}i (BK_M" kei yha Q_ Dbekeobk` Koonqeybeg _ykeik}i Mnk}i (DK_M" s}nsn a k eaw kss}nkohyn àk a koonqeybeg dn} à aa kei à n} %

Y h

a MS S

_ Y

QIRY A

XY h

k b ed n} f

k y b ne

ne o q} } a e

y b q

a k e i y h a f

a e y b ne a i a x s n q} a

i } k d y

( A I " b e

y h b

a o y b ne % %



S k g a ; ; Y } k d d b o a & Z B E A

d b e g a }

y b s

JQEA =3;=

BD]_ 2 N] BK_?2 >

Ak}`r kinsybne nd yha ykeik}i BD]_2 b k fkjn} yas dn} ker

aeybyr k ke ak}`r kinsya} nd BD]_ 2 oneybeqa yn kss`r BK_?2

dn} nyha} koonqeybeg }a{qb}afaey dn} dbekeobk` be y}qfaey

yhky k}a eny onta}ai mr BD]_2, yhky b , bfskb}faey nd dbekeobk`

k ay kei haiga koonqeybeg%

Yha S= axkfbea} hk beibokyai yhky {qa ybne ne dbekeobk`k ay wb`` ma ay wbyh BD]_2 be fbei mqy ke wa} be ya}f nd

BK_?2 wb`` ma kooasykmà% BK_?2 yb`` kss`ba yn haiga

koonqeybeg%

Onfskeba yhky aegkga be a&onffa}oa fkr hkta sk}yboq`k}

}ataeqa }aongebybne b qa % Yha aeybyr fkr koy k k s}beobsk`

n} k ke kgaey% Yhar fq y iaya}fbea whayha} yn ib o`n a

yhab} g}n kà , n} fa}a`r yhab} onffb bne% Dn} axkfsà,@ksyfbeqya%onf ib o`n a k dbgq}a ‘YYT‒ whboh ina eny

}as}a aey ykyqyn}r }ataeqa, mqy }as}a aey yha s}boa ky

whboh gnni kei a}tboa hk maae nì ko}n yha g}nqs‒s`kydn}f% ]ataeqa by a`d b `k}ga`r fkia qs nd onffb bne ne

a``beg yhn a gnni kei a}tboa % Yha onfsker fkr aegkga be

}aobs}nok` k}}kegafaey wbyh nyha} onfskeba wha}amr mnyh

kita}yb a ne akoh nyha}‒ wam bya% Whayha} qoh ke

k}}kegafaey }a q`y be ‘}ataeqa‒ fq y ma one bia}ai% By fq y

yhae ma koonqeyai dn} kss}ns}bkya`r%

]ATAEQA

]AONGEBYBNE BE KE

A&ONFFA]OA

AETB]NEFAEY

BK_ ;4 ‘S}nsa}yr, S`key kei A{qbsfaey‒ ykya yhky sk}a sk}y

kei a}tbobeg a{qbsfaey k}a en}fk``r yn ma y}akyai k

BETAEYN]R kei axsae ai k one qfai% FKJN] sk}a sk}y keiykei&mr a{qbsfaey hnqì ma y}akyai k S}nsa}yr S`key kei

A{qbsfaey whae yhar k}a axsaoyai yn ma one qfai be fn}a

yhke nea koonqeybeg sa}bni%

KOONQEYBEG DN]

_SK]A SK]Y_



] a t b b n e s a o b k ` a } b a S k g a ; =

Ke nea}nq oney}koy b k oney}koy be whboh yha qektnbikmà

on y nd faaybeg yha nm`bgkybne qeia} yha oney}koy axoaai

yha aonenfbo maeadby axsaoyai yn ma }aoabtai qeia} by% Ke

axkfsà fbghy ma k tkokey àk ahnì s}nsa}yr% Bd ke aeybyr hk

k oney}koy yhky b nea}nq k s}ntb bne fq y ma fkia dn} yha

eay `n %

Ke aeybyr okeeny gay nqy nd ke nea}nq oney}koy àgk``r

wbyhnqy beoq}}beg on y % Kenyha} axkfsà nd nea}nq oney}koy

b whae ke aeybyr hk bgeai ke kg}aafaey yn fk}lay yha

s}niqoy nd k s}beobsk` dn} k sa}bni nd dbta rak} kei yha

ya}f nd kg}aafaey s}ntbia dn} skrfaey nd onfsae kybne be

yha ok a nd by ak}`r ya}fbekybne% Yha nm`bgkybne qeia} yhb

kg}aafaey b yha kfnqey nd saek`yr yhky b yn ma skbi%

_N WHKY B_ KE

NEA]NQ_

ONEY]KOY>

K oneybegaey `bkmb`byr b iadbeai be BK_?7 k :

K sn bmà nm`bgkybne yhky k}b a d}nf sk y ataey kei whn a axb yaeoa wb`` ma

onedb}fai ne`r mr yha nooq}}aeoa n} ene nooq}}aeoa nd nea n} fn}a qeoa}ykbe

dqyq}a ataey eny whn``r wbyhbe yha oney}n` nd yha aeybyr< n}

K s}a aey nm`bgkybne yhky k}b a d}nf sk y ataey mqy b eny }aongebzai maokq a:

By b eny s}nmkmà yhky nqyd`nw nd }a nq}oa afmnirbeg aonenfbo maeadby wb`` ma

}a{qb}ai yn ayyà yha nm`bgkybne< n},

Yha kfnqey nd yha nm`bgkybne okeeny ma fak q}ai wbyh qddbobaey }a`bkmb`byr% Be yha

oneyaxy nd k mq bea onfmbekybne, yha ko{qb}a} b }a{qb}ai yn }aongebza k

oneybegaey `bkmb`byr k qfai be k mq bea onfmbekybne k nd yha ko{qb bybne ikya bd by b

k s}a aey nm`bgkybne yhky k}b a d}nf sk y ataey kei by dkb} tk`qa oke ma fak q}ai

}a`bkm`r%

Qeia} BK_?7, k s}a aey nm`bgkybne b eny }aongebzai k k `bkmb`byr maokq a ke nqyd`nw nd

aonenfbo }a nq}oa b eny s}nmkmà, n} yha kfnqey nd yha nm`bgkybne onqì eny ma }a`bkm`r

fak q}ai% K oneybegaey `bkmb`byr }aongebzai be k mq bea onfmbekybne b fak q}ai

qm a{qaey yn bebybk` }aongebybne ky yha hbgha} nd:

Yha kfnqey yhky wnqì ma }aongebzai be koon}ikeoa wbyh BK_?7< kei

Yha kfnqey bebybk``r }aongebzai à oqfq`kybta kfn}ybzkybne }aongebzai be koon}ikeoa

wbyh BK_;8, ]ataeqa%

d b e g

a

} y b s



Y}kd d bobs K ` ` Kmnqy q} @ak}ebeg

Ras wa k}a ne Dkoamnnl+

Oneykoy Q ky: kooky}kddbo&fk}laybegChnyfkb`%on%ql

Y } k d d b o A & Z b e a b y h a

a e i & } a q ` y n d y h a ‘ ‒ L B I W B Y H B E

Q _ ‒ ‒ y h k y y } b t a y n ` n n l d n }

a x o b y b e g k e i k f k z b e g y h b e g k y

k e k g a w h a e a } b n q e a k e i

s } n d a b n e k ` b f k } a l a r

s a } n e k ` b y r a ` a f a e y %

I a i b o k y a i y n r n q } b e e a } ‘ ‒ L B I ‒ ‒ %

W a h n s a r n q a e j n r b y k f q o h k

r n q t k ` q a r n q } ` a k } e b e g %

K O O K Y ] K D D B O A & Z B E A

S } a s k } a i k e i S q m ` b h a i m r

Y h a Y } k d d b o

E a w ` a y y a } Y a k f

Y h a Y } k d d b o Y a k f b e o ` q i a

K O O K k e i K o o n q e y b e g

y q i a e y b e y a } a y a i b e

s q y y b e g y h a b } s k } a y b f a y n

g n n i q a % N q } f a f m a } k } a

k ` n q e b t a } b y r y q i a e y

b e y a } a y a i b e y h a d b a ` i n d

f a i b k k e i a e y a } y k b e f a e y %

Y}kddbo wb`` ma b qbeg DNQ] a}ba dn } yhaJ q e a = 3 ;= a x k f dno q beg n e k }ak yhk y RNQ }a{ qb}a g qbi ke o a n e%

Laa s k `nn l nqy dn} yha a+

Bd yha}a b nf ayhbeg rnq wn q`i `bla yn aa be yha eaxy a}ba nd ]atb bne _sao bk`,

Afk b` q m adn }a yha =7yh nd F k r =3;= wbyh rn q} yk ya i { qa}r%

DN ] N Q] EAXY _A]BA_

@ay q lenw whky b qa q}}nqeirnq iq}beg rnq} }atb bne sa}bni%K } a r n q s } a s k } a i , Q e i a }s}ask}ai, Nta} S}ask}ai n} Enys }ask }ai k y k ``> _hk }a rn q} be bghyne nq} dko amn nl skg a n} afkb` qrnq} yhnqghy wbyh rnq} dq`` ekfake i yha sksa}( " rnq k}akyyafsybeg+

DN ] N Q] EAXY _A]BA_

_a`d yqi rbeg k ei yqo l ne k yns bo +_ae i q rnq} yn s bo k ei b qayh}nqgh nq} Dko amn nl sk ga n}afkb` q kei wa wb`` fkla q}a bygay gqbia i n e be yha ea xy a}ba %

Nq} saobk`fa kga:

Aejnr rnq} ]atbYbfa%

Yha Y}kddbo



F % YKH]AAF HKFBI hk}a ha}axsa}baeoa nd byybeg ha} S= Axkf

be Iaoafma} =3;;%

_ha ynnl }agq`k} o`k a d}nf k yqyn} beLqwkby dn} ha} S= sksa}% Kei b enyafs`nrai be ker koonqeybeg }nà% _ha k` nma`bata yhky sk beg S= ina eny }a{qb}awn}lbeg be yha kfa aoyn}%Ha} Lar _on}beg _y}kyagr: ]agq`k} daaimkol d}nf yqyn} be yha dn}f nd fnol axkf }ak``r ha`sai fa iaya}fbea yhaaxkf yaoheb{qa }a{qb}ai< }agq`k}s}koyboa ha`sai fa gay q ai yn yha axkf{qa ybne %Ha} ohnboa nd yaxy: Iasaei ne yha s}ada}aeoa nd yqiaey % MSSbd rnq‒}a aalbeg onfs}ahae bta iaykb` ,LKS@KE bd rnq s}ada} k fn}a y}kbghy&

dn}wk}i kei s}aob a yaxy%_ha wnqì in ibdda}aey`r: Yklae à axkf&}nnf y}a kei be yakilasy fr a`d ok`f iq}beg axkf% Sa}hksdnoq ai fn}a ne yha ynsbo B ibi eny `bla keiyaeiai yn lbs iq}beg }atb bne%Ha} Yqyn}‒ Oney}bmqybne: Fr yqyn}‒ ak r yn dn``nw àoyq}a gkta fayha lenwàiga B eaaiai kei }agq`k}s}koyboa a bne ykqghy fa kss`bokybne nd yhky lenwàiga% Fr yqyn} lasy fa dnoq aikei fnybtkyai kei s}ntbiai fa wbyh axy}k

yqir fkya}bk` kei q adq` k}yboà %Fn y Beya}a ybeg K saoy nd yha Sksa} dn} ha}: By wk {qbya beya}a ybeg hnw ynsbo onqì ma

n ibdda}aey ray ma yb`` ybai be mr yha kfamk bo koonqeybeg s}beobsà kei dq`db``beg yha

kfa sq}sn a nd Y}qa kei Dkb} s}a aeykybne%Ha} ]atb bne y}kyagr b : S}ask}a k qffk}r dn} akoh ynsbo. ykeik}ikei }atb a by d}a{qaey`r yn laas k`` yha}aàtkey snbey ky rnq} dbega}ybs % Fk}l nqy{qa ybne d}nf yha s}koyboa kei }atb bne lby

(n} ker nyha} nq}oa" whboh rnq dnqeisk}yboq`k}`r hk}i ky db} y kei n`ta yhafkgkbe eak} axkf ikya%_a`d _yqirbeg n} ]agq`k} O`k a >: B wnqì iadbebya`r }aonffaei o`k a % Yham}akiyh nd r``kmq oke gay onedq beg keiikqeybeg% O`k a wnqì, B ma`bata, laas yha

yqiaey dnoq ai kei s}ntbia ke a ykm`b hainq}oa yn oàk} ker inqmy %

Ibddboq`yr @ata` nd S= Sksa}:

Ne k _okà nd ; (ta}r aksr" yn 1 (ta}ribddboq`y", Ykh}aaf sokàs S= ne àta`9 %

F}% K]_@KE FQEB] hk}a hbaxsa}baeoa nd byybeg hb S= Axkf

be Jqea =3;;%

Ha ynnl }agq`k} o`k a d}nf ‘‒_lke _ohnn`nd Koonqeykeor‒‒ be Sklb yke% Ha ma`batawn}l axsa}baeoa b ‐eaoa k}r‖< hnwata}, hbtbaw b yhky axsa}baeoa b `bla`r yn fklakyyafsybeg yhb sksa} k `byyà ak ba}% Hb Lar _on}beg _y}kyagr: B ma`bata }agq`k} s}koyboa ha`sai fa on}awa`` be S=%

Hb ohnboa nd yaxy: MSS, k B ma`bata by b yha fn y a`kmn}kya%

Ha wnqì in ibdda}aey`r: Mayya} q a nd S= k}yboà ktkb`kmàne yhaKOOK wam bya sa}hks , wnqìhkta ha`saifa on}a mayya}%

Hb Yqyn}‒ Oney}bmqybne: Fr yqyn} F}% Rk b} ]bkz gkta q hb sa} nek``r s}ask}ai enya , whboh wa}aaxy}afa`r onfs}ahae bta ray ak r ynqeia} ykei, iqa yn yhab} bfsà `kegqkgakei `ngbok` d`nw% Dq}yha}fn}a, ha wk k ta}rfnybtkybeg yqyn} kei mqb`y k `ny nd onedbiaeoa be hb yqiaey %

Fn y Beya}a ybeg K saoy nd yha Sksa} dn} hbf Yha ibta} byr nd yha r``kmq kei yhas}koybok` ekyq}a nd yha {qa ybne oaek}bnwa}a yha fn y beya}a ybeg k saoy dn} fa%%

Hb ]atb bne y}kyagr b : Fkla qffk}bzai enya iq}beg rnq} o`k akei }atb a d}nf yha a qffk}bzai enyawhae axkf k}a kss}nkohbeg% S}koyboa b yhalar yn qooa dn} yhb sksa}, n s}koyboa k

fqoh k rnq oke% S= yaei yn gay mn}beg, nk`wkr laas rnq} a`d d}a h mr yklbeg ‐fbeb&m}akl ‖%

_a`d _yqirbeg n} ]agq`k} O`k a >: Dn} S= B wnqì k`wkr }aonffaeio`k a %

Ibddboq`yr @ata` nd S= Sksa}:

Ne k _okà nd ; (ta}r aksr" yn 1(ta}r ibddboq`y", K}s`ke sokàs S= ne

àta` %

traffic revision series - issue1

Documents