TRAFFIC VOLUME STUDY 2010

INTRODUCTION:

Traffic Volume is the number of vehicles crossing a section of road per unit time at any selected period. Traffic volume is used as a quantity measure of flow, the commonly used units are vehicles per day and vehicles per hour.

OBJECTIVES & NEED OF STUDY:

One of the fundamental measures of traffic on a road is the volume of traffic using the road in a given interval of time. It is also termed as flow and it is expressed in vehicles per hour or vehicle per day. When the traffic is composed of a number of vehicles, it is the normal practice to convert the flow into equivalent Passenger-Car Unit (PCU), by using certain equivalency factors. The flow is then expressed as PCUs per hour or PCUs per day.

Knowing the flow characteristics one can easily determine whether a particular section of the road is handling traffic much above or below its capacity. If a traffic is heavy, the road suffers from congestion with consequent loss in journey speeds. lower the speeds causes ecomonicloss to the community due to time lost by the occupants of the vehicles and the higer operational cost of vehicles.Congesion also lead to traffic hazards. There for traffic volume data are require to draw up schemes for improvement of road network and also to allocate the scare economic resources most advantageously.

If a traffic flow data are available over the past number of years, the rate at which

traffic flow has increased in the past can be easily determined. Extrapolating the past trend into the future ,a reasonable indication of the future rate of growth of traffic is made possible.

If a average annual flow and the length of the highway are known, the annual vehicle kms of travel can easily be computed. Road pavement design pertaining to numbers of commercial vehicles using a road. The maintenance needs of a highway is often based on the traffic using the road.

Traffic regulatory and control systems are designed on the basis of accurate vehicle floe data. The design signal and road junction are possible only if, among other things, the vehicle flow data are available.

METHODS FOR COUNTING TRAFFIC VOLUME:(1) Mechanical counters(2) Manual counts

(1) Mechanical counters:These may be either fixed (permanent) type or portable type. The mechanical counter can automatically record the total number of vehicles crossing a section of the road in a desired period. The working may be by the effect of impulses or stimuli caused by traffic

TRAFFIC VOLUME STUDY 2010

movement on a pneumatic hose placed across the roadway or by using any other of sensor. Traffic count is recorded by electrically operated counters and recorders capable of recording the impulses. The impulses caused by vehicles of light weight may not be enough in some cases to actuate. The main advantages of mechanical counter is that it can work throughout the day and night for the desired period, recording the total hourly volume, which may not be practicable in manual counting. The main drawback of the mechanical counter is that it is not possible to get the traffic volumes of various classes of traffic in the steram and the details of turning movements.

(2)Manual counts:This method employs a field team to record traffic volume on the prescribed record sheets. By this method it is possible to obtain data which can not be collected by mechanical counters, such as vehicle classification, turning movements and counts where the loading condition or number of occupants are required. But it is not practicable to have manual count for all the 24 hours of the day .Hence it is necessary to resort to statically sampling techniques in order to cut down the manual hours involved in talking complete counts, First the fluctuation of traffic volume during the hours of day and the daily variations are observed. Then by selecting typical short count period, the traffic volume study is made by manual counting. Then by statistical analysis the peak hourly traffic volumes as well as the average daily traffic volumes are calculated. This method is very commonly adopted due to the specific advantages over other methods.

PRESENTATION OF TRAFFIC VOLUME DATA:

The data collected during the traffic volume studies are sorted out and are presented in any of the following forms depending upon the requirements.(a) Annual average daily traffic (AADT or ADT) of the total traffic as well as classified

traffic are calculated. This helps in deciding the relative importance of a route and in phasing the road development programme. In order to convert the different vehicle classes to one class such as passenger car, conversion factors known as passenger Car units(PCU) are used.

(b) Trend charts showing volume trends over period of years are prepared. These data are useful for planning future expansion, design and regulation.

(c) Variation charts showing hourly, daily and seasonal variations are also prepared .These help in deciding the facilities and regulation needed during peak traffic periods.

(d) Traffic flow maps along the routes,(the thickness of the lines representing the traffic volume to any desired scales),are drawn. These helps to find the traffic volume distribution at a glance.

(e) Volume flow diagram at intersection at either drawn to a certain scale or indicating traffic volume . Thus showing the detais of crossing and turning traffic.These data are needed for intersection design.

(f) Thirties highest hourly volume or the design hourly volume is found from the plot between hourly volume and the number of hours in an year that the traffic volume is

TRAFFIC VOLUME STUDY 2010

exceeded.The 30th highest hourly volume is the hourly volume that will be exceeded only 29 times in a year and all other hourly volumes of the year will be lessthan this volume.the annual average hourly volume (AAHV) FOUND FROM aadt will not be sufficient during considerable perioad of an year.The high facilities designed with capacity for 30th highest hourly traffic volume in the assumed year is found to be satisfactory from both facility and economic considerations.There will be congestion only during 29 hours in the year.thus the thirtieth highest hourly volume is generally taken as the hourly volume for design.Thus the thirtieth highest houly volume is generally taken as the houly volume for design.The design hourly volume thus arrived at need not necessarily be the thirtieth highest hourly volume in all cases.

CASE STUDY OF TRAFFIC VOLUME SURVEY:

Traffic Volume study was carried out at kamrej Junction by Surat Urban Development Authority. The survey was carried out by Civil Engineering Department of SVNIT on August 20-21, 2010.

The following steps ware performed for traffic volume study:

(1)Preparation of site layout

(2)Vehicle Count Survey

(3)Traffic Volume Survey Analysis

Analysis of Traffic Volume Composition Hourly Variation of Traffic Volume in Vehicle/hr and PCU/hr(MODE WISE) Hourly Variation of Traffic Volume in Vehicle/hr and PCU/hr(DIRECTION

WISE)(1)Preparation of site layout:

TRAFFIC VOLUME STUDY 2010

(2)Vehicle Count Survey: Volume Count data is as following:

Hourly Variation of Traffic Volume in Vehicle/hr (Mode wise) onDate:20/08/2010 at Kamrej Char Rasta Junction

Time Cycle Cart 2-Wheeleres

3-Wheeleres

Others 4-Wheeleres

LCV Bus Truck Total

Veh./hr

8:00 to 9:00 33 8 1018 327 28 503 183 77 103 22809:00 to 10:00 19 4 1436 459 16 857 192 67 121 317110:00 to 11:00 14 2 1439 524 140 832 202 56 120 332911:00 to 12:00 33 1 1850 576 4 1002 180 59 130 383512:00 to 13:00 26 3 1503 443 7 850 198 38 165 323313:00 to 14:00 26 0 194 302 28 803 208 66 139 276614:00 to 15:00 65 17 1134 297 14 806 224 88 134 277915:00 to 16:00 24 14 1205 318 8 810 202 152 145 287816:00 to 17:00 76 23 2320 657 259 1114 299 68 166 498217:00 to 18:00 119 13 3309 715 22 1135 201 82 124 572018:00 to 19:00 131 5 3284 623 19 1197 190 92 123 566419:00 to 20:00 121 13 2792 460 15 963 198 71 91 472420:00 to 21:00 69 8 2235 335 24 721 115 85 65 365721:00 to 22:00 27 7 1232 219 10 504 89 59 68 221522:00 to 23:00 6 1 644 119 8 300 64 91 44 127723:00 to 24:00 2 2 286 55 0 241 38 118 47 78924:00 to 1:00 1 5 156 39 0 158 21 73 83 5361:00 to 2:00 0 1 37 14 0 108 15 31 68 2742:00 to 3:002:00 0 0 29 13 0 79 13 31 45 2103:00 to 4:00 0 2 22 11 0 79 29 41 57 2414:00 to 5:00 1 8 57 35 2 74 39 81 57 3545:00 to 6:00 11 12 132 75 7 171 36 99 53 5966:00 to 7:00 91 10 361 255 1 312 47 117 80 12747:00 to 8:00 42 39 642 293 17 347 49 101 55 1585Total 937 198 28317 7164 629 13966 3032 1843 2283 58369% 1.61 0.34 48.51 12.27 1.08 23.93 5.19 3.16 3.91 100

TRAFFIC VOLUME STUDY 2010

Hourly Variation of Traffic Volume in PCU/hr (Mode wise) onDate:20/08/2010 at Kamrej Char Rasta Junction

Time Cycle Cart 2-Wheeleres

3-Wheeleres

Others 4-Wheeleres

LCV Bus Truck Total

Veh./hr

8:00 to 9:00

16.516.0 763.5 654.0 56.0 503.0 256.2 169.4 226.6 26661.2

9:00 to 10:00 9.5 8.0 1077.0 918.0 32.0 857.0 268.8 147.4 266.2 3583.910:00 to 11:00 7.0 4.0 1079.3 1048.0 280.0 832.0 282.8 123.2 264.0 3920.311:00 to

12:00 16.5 2.0 1387.5 1152.0 8.0 1002.0 252.0 129.8 286.0 4235.812:00 to

13:00 13.0 6.0 1127.3 886.0 14.0 850.0 277.2 83.6 363.0 3620.113:00 to

14:00 13.0 0.0 895.5 604.0 56.0 803.0 291.2 145.2 305.8 3113.714:00 to

15:00 32.5 34.0 850.5 594.0 28.0 806.0 313.6 193.6 294.8 3147.015:00 to

16:00 12.0 28.0 903.8 636.0 16.0 810.0 282.6 334.4 319.0 3342.016:00 to

17:00 38.0 46.0 1740.0 1314.0 518.0 1114.0 418.6 149.6 365.2 5703.417:00 to

18:00 59.5 26.0 2481.8 1430.0 44.0 1135.0 281.4 180.4 272.8 5910.918:00 to

19:00 65.5 10.0 2463.0 1246.0 38.0 1197.0 266.0 202.4 270.6 5758.519:00 to

20:00 60.5 26.0 2094.0 920.0 30.0 963.0 277.2 156.2 200.2 4727.120:00 to

21:00 34.5 16.0 1676.3 670.0 48.0 721.0 161.0 187.0 143.0 3656.821:00 to

22:00 13.5 14.0 924.0 438.0 20.0 504.0 124.6 129.8 149.6 2317.522:00 to

23:00 3.0 2.0 483.0 238.0 16.0 300.0 89.6 200.2 96.8 1428.623:00 to

24:00 1.0 4.0 214.5 110.0 0.0 241.0 53.2 259.6 103.4 986.724:00 to

1:00 0.5 10.0 117.0 78.0 0.0 158.0 29.4 160.6 182.6 736.11:00 to 2:00 0.0 2.0 27.8 28.0 0.0 108.0 21.0 68.2 149.6 404.6

2:00 to 3:00 00.0 0.0 21.8 26.0 0.0 79.0 18.2 68.2 99.0 312.2

TRAFFIC VOLUME STUDY 2010

3:00 to 4:00 0.0 4.0 16.5 22.0 0.0 79.0 40.6 90.2 125.4 377.74:00 to 5:00 0.5 16.0 42.8 70.0 4.0 74.0 54.6 178.2 125.4 565.55:00 to 6:00 5.5 24.0 99.0 150.0 14.0 171.0 50.4 217.8 116.0 848.36:00 to 7:00 45.5 20.0 270.8 510.0 2.0 312.0 65.8 257.4 176.0 1659.57:00 to 8:00 21.0 78.0 481.5 586.0 34.0 347.0 68.6 222.2 121.0 1959.3

Total 468.5 396.0 21237.8 14328.0 1258.0 13966.04244.

84054.

65022.

6 64976.3% 0.72 0.61 32.69 22.05 1.94 21.49 6.53 6.24 7.73 100.0

Hourly Variation of Traffic Volume in Vehicle/hr (Mode wise) onDate:21/08/2010 at Kamrej Char Rasta Junction

Time Cycle Cart 2-Wheeleres

3-Wheeleres

Others 4-Wheeleres

LCV Bus Truck Total

Veh./hr

8:00 to 9:00 48 2 1117 436 40 706 162 69 149 27299:00 to 10:00 25 3 1357 413 14 948 190 63 113 312610:00 to 11:00 24 1 1866 647 11 1087 230 51 102 401911:00 to 12:00 32 1 1964 557 19 1189 246 68 138 421412:00 to 13:00 37 2 1793 393 13 852 182 51 117 344013:00 to 14:00 19 0 1498 405 12 915 229 72 140 329014:00 to 15:00 12 0 1515 422 20 833 196 67 151 321615:00 to 16:00 44 5 1405 431 23 865 157 84 132 314616:00 to 17:00 81 17 2447 622 15 1159 279 65 152 483717:00 to 18:00 97 14 3062 599 14 1315 194 93 101 548918:00 to 19:00 158 13 3485 650 27 1253 210 89 141 602619:00 to 20:00 93 9 3110 522 13 1191 162 96 106 530220:00 to 21:00 58 28 2381 411 0 830 112 105 70 399521:00 to 22:00 21 12 1178 276 3 625 104 150 67 243622:00 to 23:00 10 8 552 120 10 434 46 97 48 132523:00 to 24:00 4 0 303 59 2 310 30 111 48 86724:00 to 1:00 0 0 86 26 0 181 22 90 79 484

1:00 to 0 0 64 25 0 138 18 39 61 345

TRAFFIC VOLUME STUDY 2010

2:002:00 to 3:002:00 0 0 36 14 0 87 16 39 50 2423:00 to 4:00 0 0 46 30 0 102 41 3 65 3374:00 to 5:00 4 0 69 42 1 95 18 87 48 3645:00 to 6:00 3 2 102 77 0 138 25 106 59 5126:00 to 7:00 35 5 332 120 13 331 42 109 70 10577:00 to 8:00 73 5 508 297 5 325 47 92 69 1421Total 887 127 330276 7594 225 15909 2958 1946 2276 62219% 1.41 0.20 48.66 12.21 0.41 25.57 4.75 3.13 3.66 100.0

Hourly Variation of Traffic Volume in PCU/hr (Mode wise) onDate:21/08/2010 at Kamrej Char Rasta Junction

Time Cycle Cart 2-Wheeleres

3-Wheeleres

Others 4-Wheeleres

LCV Bus Truck Total

Veh./hr

8:00 to 9:00 24.0 4.0 837.8 872.0 80.0 706.0 226.8 151.8 327.8 3230.29:00 to 10:00 12.5 6.0 1017.8 826.0 28.0 948.0 266.0 138.6 248.6 3491.510:00 to 11:00 12.0 2.0 1399.5 1294.0 22.0 1087.0 322.0 112.2 224.4 4475.111:00 to

12:00 16.0 2.0 1473.0 1114.0 38.0 1189.0 3444 149.6 303.6 4629.612:00 to

13:00 18.5 4.0 1344.8 786.0 26.0 852.0 254.8 112.2 257.4 3655.713:00 to

14:00 9.5 0.0 1123.5 810.0 24.0 915.0 320.6 158.4 308.0 3669.014:00 to

15:00 6.0 0.0 1136.6 844.0 40.0 833.0 274.4 147.4 332.2 3613.315:00 to

16:00 22.0 10.0 1053.8 862.0 46.0 865.0 219.8 184.8 290.4 3553.816:00 to

17:00 40.5 34.0 1835.3 1244.0 30.0 1159.0 390.6 143.0 334.4 5210.817:00 to

18:00 48.5 28.0 2296.5 1198.0 28.0 1315.0 271.6 204.6 222.2 5612.418:00 to

19:00 79.0 26.0 2613.8 1300.0 54.0 1253.0 294.0 195.8 310.2 6125.819:00 to

20:00 46.5 18.0 2332.5 1044.0 26.0 1191.0 226.8 211.2 233.2 5329.2

TRAFFIC VOLUME STUDY 2010

20:00 to

21:00 29.0 56.0 1785.8 822.0 0.0 830.0 156.8 231.0 154.0 4064.621:00 to

22:00 10.5 24.0 883.5 552.0 6.0 625.0 145.6 330.0 147.4 2724.022:00 to

23:00 5.0 16.0 414.0 240.0 20.0 434.0 64.4 213.4 105.6 1512.423:00 to

24:00 2.0 0.0 227.3 118.0 4.0 310.0 42.0 244.2 105.6 1053.124:00 to

1:00 0.0 0.0 64.5 52.0 0.0 181.0 30.8 198.0 173.8 700.11:00 to 2:00 0.0 0.0 48.0 50.0 0.0 138.0 25.5 85.8 134.2 481.22:00 to 3:00

0.0 0.0 27.0 28.0 0.0 87.0 22.4 85.8 110.0 360.23:00 to 4:00 0.0 0.0 34.5 60.0 0.0 1020 57.4 116.6 143.0 513.54:00 to 5:00 2.0 0.0 51.8 84.0 2.0 95.0 25.2 191.4 105.6 557.05:00 to 6:00 1.5 4.0 76.5 154.0 0.0 138.0 35.0 233.2 129.8 772.06:00 to 7:00 17.5 10.0 249.0 240.0 26.0 331.0 58.8 239.8 154.0 1326.17:00 to 8:00 36.5 10.0 381.0 594.0 10.0 325.0 65.8 202.4 151.8 1776.5

Total 439.0254.0

0 22707.0 15188.0 510. 15909.04141.

24281.

25007.

2 68436.6% 0.64 0.37 33.18 22.19 0.75 23.25 6.05 6.26 7.32 100.0

(3)Traffic Volume Survey Analysis:

3.1 Analysis of Traffic Volume Composition:The summary of collected data is as following.

Sr.No.

Type of Vehicle

% of Total Vehicle % of Total Volume in PCU/day

20/08/2010

21/08/2010

20/08/2010

21/08/2010

A Cycle 1.61 1.41 0.72 0.64B Cart 0.34 0.2 0.61 0.37C 2-Wheelers 48.51 48.66 32.69 33.18D 3-Wheelers 12.27 12.21 22.05 22.19E 4-Wheelers 1.08 0.41 1.94 0.75F LCV 23.93 25.57 21.49 23.25G Bus 5.19 4.75 6.53 6.05H Truck 3.16 3.13 6.24 6.26I Others 3.91 3.66 7.73 7.32

TRAFFIC VOLUME STUDY 2010

3.2 Hourly Variation of Traffic Volume in PCU/hr(DIRECTION WISE)

FROM SURAT SIDE:

8:00 to 9:00

12:00 to 13:00

16:00 to 17:00

20:00 to 21:00

24:00 to 1:00

4:00 to 5:00

0500

100015002000

hourly variation of total Traffic From Surat side on20/08/2010

8:00 to 9:00

12:00 to 13:00

16:00 to 17:00

20:00 to 21:00

24:00 to 1:00

4:00 to 5:00

0500

100015002000

hourly variation of total Traffic From Surat side on21/08/2010

FROM KIM SIDE:

8:00 to 9:00

10:00 to 11:00

12:00 to 13:00

14:00 to 15:00

16:00 to 17:00

18:00 to 19:00

20:00 to 21:00

22:00 to 23:00

24:00 to 1:00

2:00 to 3:00

4:00 to 5:00

6:00 to 7:00

0100020003000

hourly variation of total Traffic From Kim side on20/08/2010

TRAFFIC VOLUME STUDY 2010

8:00 to 9:00

10:00 to 11:00

12:00 to 13:00

14:00 to 15:00

16:00 to 17:00

18:00 to 19:00

20:00 to 21:00

22:00 to 23:00

24:00 to 1:00

2:00 to 3:00

4:00 to 5:00

6:00 to 7:00

0500

100015002000 hourly variation of total Traffic From Kim side on

21/08/2010

FROM KADODARA SIDE:

8:00 to 9:00

10:00 to 11:00

12:00 to 13:00

14:00 to 15:00

16:00 to 17:00

18:00 to 19:00

20:00 to 21:00

22:00 to 23:00

24:00 to 1:00

2:00 to 3:00

4:00 to 5:00

6:00 to 7:00

0200400600800

100012001400 hourly variation of total Traffic From Kadodara side on

20/08/2010

8:00 to 9:00

10:00 to 11:00

12:00 to 13:00

14:00 to 15:00

16:00 to 17:00

18:00 to 19:00

20:00 to 21:00

22:00 to 23:00

24:00 to 1:00

2:00 to 3:00

4:00 to 5:00

6:00 to 7:00

0200400600800

100012001400 hourly variation of total Traffic From Kadodara side on

21/08/2010

TRAFFIC VOLUME STUDY 2010

FROM KAMREJ SIDE:

8:00 to 9:00

10:00 to 11:00

12:00 to 13:00

14:00 to 15:00

16:00 to 17:00

18:00 to 19:00

20:00 to 21:00

22:00 to 23:00

24:00 to 1:00

2:00 to 3:00

4:00 to 5:00

6:00 to 7:00

0200400600800

100012001400 hourly variation of total Traffic From Kamrej side on

20/08/2010

8:00 to 9:00

10:00 to 11:00

12:00 to 13:00

14:00 to 15:00

16:00 to 17:00

18:00 to 19:00

20:00 to 21:00

22:00 to 23:00

24:00 to 1:00

2:00 to 3:00

4:00 to 5:00

6:00 to 7:00

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

hourly variation of total Traffic From Kamrej side on 21/08/2010

3.3 Hourly Variation of Traffic Volume in PCU/hr(MODEWISE)

TRAFFIC VOLUME STUDY 2010

8:00 to 9:00

10:00 to 11:00

12:00 to 13:00

14:00 to 15:00

16:00 to 17:00

18:00 to 19:00

20:00 to 21:00

22:00 to 23:00

24:00 to 1:00

2:00 to 3:00

4:00 to 5:00

6:00 to 7:00

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

Hourly variation of Total Traffic Flow (PCU/hr)on 20/08/2010

Series 1

8:00 to 9:00

10:00 to 11:00

12:00 to 13:00

14:00 to 15:00

16:00 to 17:00

18:00 to 19:00

20:00 to 21:00

22:00 to 23:00

24:00 to 1:00

2:00 to 3:00

4:00 to 5:00

6:00 to 7:00

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

Series 1