trails d t2 2 3 spatial assessment report austria tuw ... · part 2 – performance of the...
TRANSCRIPT
This project is co‐financed by the European Regional Development Fund through the Interreg Alpine Space programme
Project number: 639
Project acronym: trAILs
Project title: Alpine Industrial Landscapes Transformation
DELIVERABLE D.T2.2.3
Spatial planning and landscape assessment report –TUW+POLIMI+VESTE
Work package: T2 – Assess AILs: assessment procedure (pilot-based)
Activity: A.T2.2: Co-assessment of AILs actual conditions
Organization: TUW + POLIMI + VESTE
Deliverable date:
03.06.2019
Version:
final
Dissemination level:
Project Partners
Dissemination target: Project Partners
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12BCONTENT
1 FOREWORD ....................................................................................................................................... 3
2 ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMINOLOGY .......................................................................................... 4
3 PART 1: RESULTS OF THE AIL ASSESSMENT ................................................................................. 6
3.1 INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................... 6 3.2 RESULTS OF THE ASSESSMENT – POTENTIALS AND PROBLEMS ................................................................................... 9
4 PART 2: PERFORMANCE OF THE AIL ASSESSMENT ................................................................... 29
4.1 INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................. 29 4.2 ANALYSIS ELEMENTS REVIEW ................................................................................................................................... 30 4.3 PERFORMANCE CONCLUSION ..................................................................................................................................... 38
5 PART 3: FEEDBACK OF THE REGIONAL PARTNER ...................................................................... 39
6 APPENDIX ........................................................................................................................................ 41
6.1 APPENDIX A – SPATIAL AND LANDSCAPE ANALYSIS ................................................................................... 41
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1 0BFOREWORD
The assessment report has two main parts. First part is a document providing essential knowledge of
a specific AIL pilot area and second part is a record of reflection on the assessment method
performance in the AIL pilot site. With the ‘learn‐by‐doing’ approach on four different pilot area,
research project partners identify and gradually specify key elements of individual assessments that
work for the AILs. In addition the usefulness of the report is reflected by the regional partner.
Assessment reports are part of the activity WP T2: Co‐assessment of AILs actual conditions and in a
set of five thematic assessment reports, five different deliverables for each pilot area:
D.T2.2.2 – Existing policies on local/regional level assessment reports
D.T2.2.3 – Spatial and landscape assessment reports
D.T2.2.4 – Socio‐demographic assessment reports
D.T2.2.5 – Economic context assessment reports
D.T2.2.6 – Environmental context assessment reports
Together with mini reports ‐ D.T2.2.1, the assessment reports form an input for the workshops in the
WP T3 (figure 1).
The template of the assessment report is structured to facilitate two main parts of the Co‐
assessment of AILs:
Part 1 – Assessment of AILs which constitutes main findings of the AILs actual conditions, results of
the assessments, conclusions and recommendations. Its purpose is to be used for the activities in the
WP T3 (the dossier) ‐ workshops with relevant stakeholders.
Part 2 – Performance of the Assessment that investigates how the Assessment and its parts
performed on the given AIL site. It is conducted through a reflection questionnaire for the research
partner and regional partner of that AIL. Its purpose is to evaluate the analyses used in the
assessment process and to monitor variability of the assessments throughout the AIL pilot sites.
POLIMI and TUW are responsible to produce Spatial and landscape assessment report based on WP
T1 input, site visit and “reflection session” hold in Leoben.
In particular, POLIMI produce spatial analysis on the local scale (1:5.000, 1:10.000), TUW on the
territorial one (above 1:25.000).
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Figure 1: Scheme of the WPT2 Assessment Framework with the general structure of the assessment reports,
their input source (WP T1 and site visits) and output purpose (workshops).
2 1BABBREVIATIONS AND TERMINOLOGY Please use this section to provide terminology that is used in your field of expertise and in the
following assessment report. Explain the meaning of a word or a phrase in few sentences. If
necessary, provide the context in an example.
Also, use this section to provide a list of any abbreviations you use in your report.
region – the term region can be understood very varied. For this report we define the study region by
the valley from Hieflau to Leoben.
problem – the term „problem“ is often negatively affected, but problem means in our understanding
unsolved, complex planning tasks, for which we have to find a planning solution infrastructure – in this report we focus on the technical infrastructure, not on the social
infrastructure. Technical infrastructure includes facilities in the fields of communication (transport,
communications), supply (water, energy) and disposal (waste water, waste).
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land use (CORINE land cover) – the land use by CORINE land cover shows categories and classes of
land use based on digital satellite images. The land use by CORINE land cover is not related in any
way with the land use plan.
land use plan – the land use plan is a legal instrument for the development of municipalites. It
determines a specific allowed use for every plot. This defined use is related to different possibilities
and restrictions for the use and development of the plot. The main categories are building land,
grassland and traffic areas.
local development plan – the local development plan is a legal instrument for the development of a
municipality and has a time horizon of 10‐15 years. The local development plan consists of the local
development concept and the land use plan (and, if present, of a zoning plan, which defines rules for
how to develop a building plot). The local development plan contains aims and measures for the
development of a municipality, and consists of a textual and a mapping part.
Spatial analysis involves a terminology relevant to the specific field of expertise.
Above a list and meaning of the words used in this report
As regards landscape/environmental framework
‐ Natural landscape
‐ Mining areas
‐ Green areas
‐ Park
‐ Public garden
‐ River, stream, canal
As regards mobility framework
‐ Roads
‐ Parking
‐ Hub
‐ Railways
‐ Station
As regards settlement framework
‐ Historical city
‐ Existing urban fabrics
‐ Productive areas
‐ Housing spaces
‐ Facilities
‐ Land use
‐ Morphologies
‐ Regeneration
‐ Redevelopment
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3 2BPART 1: RESULTS OF THE AIL ASSESSMENT
3.1 6BINTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY
TUW mainly analysed the “territorial scale”, which is defined in different ways. To give an overview
of the location of Eisenerz and the main road/rail network and the connection to other cities the
valley from Leoben to Hieflau has been considered. Six municipalities – Leoben, St. Peter‐Freienstein,
Trofaiach, Vordernberg, Eisenerz und Landl – are located in this valley (overview scale 1:200.000). For
a more in‐depth analysis of the municipality Eisenerz a scale of 1:50.000 and 1:25.000 has been
chosen.
The spatial assessment of TUW is structured in four analysis topics:
the environmental analysis, which covers the analysis of the topographical situation, the
landscape and the natural environment,
the settlement analysis, which contains information to the settlement structure and the
existing building stock,
the mobility network analysis, which covers the analysis of the reachability, the traffic and
transport network and the public transport services and
the supply and disposal infrastructure, which covers a description of access to ICT and energy
infrastructure, water supply and disposal infrastructure
POLIMI mainly analysed the “local scale” that involves the pilot area and its next surroundings. The
chosen scales are 1:10.000 and 1:5.000. In particular, Spatial analysis includes the evaluation of the
following aspects: current situation, project in progress and urban planning rules.
Current situation
The current situation is structured in three analysis topics:
Mobility framework, which covers the analysis of the transport network and the public
transport services
Environmental and landscape framework, which covers the analysis of the topographical
situation, the landscape and the natural environment
Settlement framework, which contains information to the settlement structure and the
existing building stocks.
Project in progress
Plans and project in progress relevant to mobility, environmental and settlement framework are
necessary to understand in which direction future development is going on.
Urban planning rules
Existing planning rules are important to know the intentions of local municipality and regional
administration.
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Eisenerz is located in a steep valley in the northern part of Styria, Austria. The city is surrounded by
wooded slopes and characterized by the Erzberg mountain.
The examined area from Hieflau to Leoben can be reached via the road B115 resp. B115a (from
Leoben to Trofaiach). Eisenerz can be reached from Graz via Leoben and Vordernberg, from Salzburg
via Admont and Hieflau and from Linz via Hieflau. Difficult road conditions in winter mean that the
city cannot always be reached via the southern mountain pass (Präbichl).
There is an existing railway infrastructure in the direction of Hieflau and further via the Ennstal to
Linz, or via Liezen to Salzburg, which is only occasionally used for freight traffic. There used to be a
rack railway over the Präbichl‐Berg. Today this route is used for a touristic railway line.
The natural environment in the region has a high value and potential as touristic and local recreation
area. A huge part of the municipality is covered by nature protection areas, which means on the one
hand a high value and the protection of the natural environment; on the other hand, restrictions
have to be considered which makes some uses on site impossible.
Due to the strong population decrease from the 1970’s until today, a lot of buildings and
infrastructural services are unused in Eisenerz. This causes huge challenges, e.g. high costs for
maintaining the structures and an impairment of the overall appearance of the townscape. A concept
called “re‐design Eisenerz” deals with the removal of buildings (mainly for housing) and in addition to
the local development plan, it serves as a guideline for a controlled shrinking.
Figure 2 shows the main problems and challenges, which have been described previously. The map is
structured in three layers, similar to the analysis topics. The settlement structure, the mobility
framework and the landscape and natural environment are shown.
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Figure 2: 3D visualization of the main problems and potential of Eisenerz in regards to the settlement structure,
the mobility framework and the landscape and natural environment; edited by Simlab TUW, 2019
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3.2 7BRESULTS OF THE ASSESSMENT – POTENTIALS AND PROBLEMS
The following list provides potentials, problems (•) and recommendations how to consider the
problems/potentials in transformation processes () to the different analysis topics.
Environmental and landscape analysis
Figure 6 shows the topography of Eisenerz and the nature and landscape protected areas around the
town. Besides that, important landmarks as well as mountains are depicted. The natural environment
offers a high quality for tourism and local recreation. The Leopoldsteiner See, many hiking and
climbing paths attract tourists and locals in summer, skiroutes and the biathlon sports centre in the
Eisenerzer Ramsau do this in winter. The most famous and identity‐establishing landmark is the
Erzberg.
Figure 3, 4, 5: Landscape and Open Spaces; edited by POLIMI, 2019
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Figure 6: Landscape and nature protection in Eisenerz. Topography, protected areas, landmarks.
Edited by Simlab TUW, 2019
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Out of our analysis the following problems and potentials arise in connection with the landscape and
natural environment:
The topography strongly influences the accessibility and the development possibilities in
Eisenerz all the related challenges have to be considered in a transformation process
(location of Eisenerz in a valley, mountain Präbichl as barrier in some seasons, especially in
winter, limited settlement areas)
resource wood as a high potential for the region, approx. 90% of the area of the municipality
Eisenerz are forest wood industry sector as a potential for a new usage of the brownfield
climate change as a current and future challenge forecasts regarding natural hazards,
danger zones and climatic changes have to be considered in a transformation process
nature protected areas as a potential and a challenge nature protected areas with their
high ecological quality have to be preserved and the associated restrictions have to be
considered in transformation processes (therefore some uses can be problematic with
respect to environmental impacts)
high value of landscape and natural environment (mountains, lakes and rivers, cycling and
hiking paths, forests) the outstanding quality of the natural environment can be seen as a
potential for tourism and local recreation
natural hazards natural hazards as floods or avalanches have to be considered in
transformation processes. They are currently not a huge problem, but can become one
(climate change).
Erzberg as main landmark and USP high potential for tourism and events, especially for
action/adventure tourism, current “Abenteuer Erzberg” offers different touristic activities
iron ore as limited resource, mining on the Erzberg will end in approx. 40 years this fact
has to be considered in transformation processes, strategies for the time after the mining
have to be developed now, city can lose the last big company (VA Erzberg GmbH)
Ecosystem services mapping ecosystem services involves advocacy (awareness raising,
decision support, justification), ecosystem assessment (state and trends of ecosystem
services), priority setting (basis for discussion on management), Instrument design (targeting
user groups/locations, pricing), economic liability (legal demage, compensation, offsetting)
and research (scientific advance and spatial analysis).
Territorial fragilities the ephemeral environmental characteristics of the places,
generated by changing of climatic conditions or by uses have to be considered also with
attention to the opportunities of valorisation, in the perspective of their territorial
development in general and eventually touristic in particular.
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Settlement analysis
Figure 7 shows the settlement structure of Eisenerz and the three most characteristic building
structures in the town. Besides that, defined areas for removal or demolition resp. for
redevelopment and reconstruction of the building stock are visualized on basis of the “redesign‐
Eisenerz” concept.
Figure 7: settlement structure of Eisenerz. Edited by Simlab TUW, 2019
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Figure 8, 9, 10 show settlement and urban fabrics characterizing Eisenerz and its territory.
In particular, the pilot area is characterized by industrial settlement and activities; some of them not
in use any more. Urban facilities are quite spread over the territory and there is an important former
workers’ settlement reused to a touristic area (Erzberg Alpine Resort).
Figure 8, 9, 10: Settlement and Urban Fabrics; edited by POLIMI, 2019
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Figure 11, 12, 13 show the heritage and urban polarities characterizing Eisenerz and the pilot area.
In particular, Eisenerz has a high architectural value of the building stock in the medieval city centre
and a great potential for cultural heritage.
The pilot area is next to some important commercial activities and urban facilities (sport and school).
Figure 11, 12, 13: Heritage and Urban Polarities; edited by POLIMI, 2019
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Out of our analysis the following problems and potentials arise in connection with the settlement
structure:
condition of the building stock – many buildings in the municipality are in need of
redevelopment transformation processes should focus also on the valorisation of the
surrounding building stock
mixed use in the city centre as potential (many small shops, some cafes and ateliers, but also
many vacancies) transformation process should consider adjacent existing uses and empty
building stock
land use plan ‐ site designated for an industrial/commercial use has to be considered in
transformation processes (other use might need other designation)
concepts for removal/unbuilding of buildings and infrastructure (mainly for housing) are
available contents and aims of these concepts should be considered in a transformation
process
removal process can be seen as a chance ‐ buildings and infrastructure which is designated
for demolition can be used for different research purposes (e.g. testing of different methods
or materials of the building sector) consideration in transformation processes, verifying if
new use on the brownfield can influence a new use of the building stock
implementation of concepts (re‐design Eisenerz concept, local development plan, projects) is
often a challenge evaluation of achieved/non‐achieved goals and measures can help to
find out why the concepts are not implemented, not yet implemented
high architectural value of the building stock in the medieval city centre preservation of
high importance; cultural heritage
vacancies and unused infrastructure as a challenge of the whole municipality (due to strong
population decrease; causes high costs for maintaining) transformation process should
not only consider the brownfield per se, but also surrounding areas if a new use/re‐use is
possible
Urban facilities these elements should be considered in a transformation process, in
order to define the right uses
Industrial settlement and activities have to be considered in transformation processes
for their maintaining or not
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Mobility and reachability analysis
Figure 14 shows the location of Eisenerz in relation to other important cities in Austria. The main
connection runs via the B115 between Leoben and Hieflau, which leads in the north‐west direction to
Steyr and Linz and in the south‐east direction to Graz. Some important towns which can be reached
in 1 hour by car from Eisenerz are Leoben, Spielberg, Kapfenberg (all three cities are important for
industry and production) and Liezen in the west. The provincial capital cities Graz, Linz, St. Pölten and
the federal capital city Vienna can be reached in approx. 2 hours.
Figure 14: location of Eisenerz, road network and reachability by car; edited by Simlab TU Wien, basedata
distances Google.Maps 2019
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Figure 15, 16, 17 show the Mobility and Transport at a local scale.
We can see how Eisenerz develops along the main road (and the railway) which connects Graz to
Linz.
Pilot area is interested by some tracks (for goods) not used any more.
Figure 15, 16, 17: Mobility and Transport; edited by POLIMI, 2019
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Out of our analysis, the following problems and potentials arise in connection with the mobility
framework and reachability:
Eisenerz is a part of the trunk road and railway system (motorways, main railway routes)
transformation process has to consider that, important for other/new usage of the
brownfield, especially for usage which implements the transport of goods
Eisenerz has access to the railway network, but there is no connection to Leoben (abandoned
railway stretch between Eisenerz and Vordernberg, only used for touristic purposes, not for
passenger or freight transport); the only railway route which leads out of the valley is
available via Hieflau; connection from Vordernberg to Leoben only for transport of goods
(but no regularly connection) has to be considered in a transformation process, some uses
might need railway connections
public transport system – connection to Leoben via bus lines, there are no train connections
in the whole valley for passenger services; availability of bus lines depends especially in
winter on weather conditions (snow); hourly connections to Leoben; local bus for Eisenerz
available the public transport system is good till moderate, but it exists at least (not
always standard for peripheral regions); improvements can be necessary for a
transformation (e.g. touristic use of a brownfield)
Cycle‐pedestrian paths consideration in transformation processes
Supply and disposal infrastructure analysis
supply and disposal infrastructure as well as ICT infrastructure are available can be seen as
a potential for different uses (e.g. existing “bitcoin‐farm” on the pilot site; a new usage needs
water supply and connection to the sewage system)
underuse and decay of infrastructure causes high costs for maintaining, should be
considered in a transformation process
PERSPECTIVES AND FINDINGS for FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS
Even if the shrinking processes rarely occur spontaneously, the abandonment of formerly productive
sites is a great challenge, especially for shrinking communities. For further
development/transformation of abandoned industrial sites, a deconstruction and a reconstruction
path can be outlined:
The deconstruction path describes a step‐by‐step dismantling of the existing building stock and uses.
Thereby the quality of life of remaining residents as well as affordability are important markers for
sustainable future developments.
The reconstruction path describes new usages and transformation of the existing building stock and
the whole area. Possible resumption of former usages or completely new uses might include
transformation and adaption as well as addition of buildings and building parts.
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Fig. 18 illustrates possible scenarios within these two development paths for the pilot site in Eisenerz.
A precise differentiation within these development paths is not possible. The scenarios rather
describe development approaches bridging, combining and interlinking the path of deconstruction
with the path or single elements of reconstruction (e.g. soil remediation, planting, etc.).
Figure 18: deconstruction/reconstruction‐schema of development scenarios; edited by Simlab TUW, 2019
For the pilot site Eisenerz, the following quality criteria for future developments are promising:
‐ usage of local and regional resources: usage of ore, wood, craftsmanship, knowledge
(concept of short ways for climate aware product design)
‐ development of regional education and research cluster: research and education spot
with a special focus on product development, product testing and industrial fabrication,
focus on special vocational education as complement to academic facilities in region
(Montanuniversität Leoben, FH Kapfenberg)
‐ extension of existing centre of alpine/mining research (“Zentrum am Berg”,
Montanuniversität Leoben)
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‐ focus on processes, products and (local) materials: processes/products related to
ecological energy production, processes/products concerning the building industry – pre
fabricated wood house elements,
‐ focus on recycling: product life cycles, upcycling, re‐use of materials within the building
stock, research of building conservation technologies ‐ using vacant local buildings as test
area
‐ focus on interdisciplinary collaboration: co‐creation space, shared workshop
Combinations of these scenarios!
Interdisciplinary collaboration as an academic and research based complement to the
cultural and artistic efforts and activities already initiated (e.g. Rostfest)
Preparation of local life cycles as well as semi ‐ local ecological life‐cycles
Based on the above listed quality criteria, within the development paths the following scenarios
are sketched:
Scenario RENATURATION
The photomontages (Figs. 18 to 20) show a complete deconstruction of the area towards a near‐
natural use (meadow/pasture, forest). Due to the infrastructure installed (pipes, canals, ...) and the
previous uses on the site, it can be assumed that extensive soil remediation measures would be
necessary for these scenarios.
Figure 18 shows a scenario, where only the buildings are dismantled, recycled and disposed. Existing
infrastructures (pipelines, traffic routes) will be retained. Without further measures, the areas will be
"reconquered" (within a few years) by pioneer plants.
Figure 18: photomontage of the pilot site, which shows complete demolition of the buildings without further
measures; edited by Simlab TUW, 2019
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Fig. 19 and 20 show the deconstruction scenarios aiming at a short‐ to medium‐term agricultural or
forestry use of the land. For this purpose, the technical infrastructure (pipes, traffic areas) must also
be removed and the surface layer be replaced.
Figure 19: photomontage of the pilot site, showing the complete demolition of the buildings and soil
remediation measures carried out, enabling agricultural use of the site.; edited by Simlab TUW, 2019
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Figure 20: photomontage of the pilot site, showing the complete demolition of the buildings and soil
remediation measures carried out, which enable the site to be used for forestry purposes; edited by Simlab
TUW, 2019
Scenario RECYCLING and GREENHOUSE
For these scenarios the conceptual integration of the existing institutions for vocational training,
education and research within the region is essential for sustainable long‐term development cycles.
Therefor the existing resources of the region (raw materials, skilled workers, outputs and know‐how
of regional organisations) are further scenario‐ overarching drivers in strategic considerations and
developments.
The scenario “GREENHOUSE” opposes shrinkage with growth.
The spacious hall areas on the site as well as good freight transport connections offer potentials for
industrial plant breeding and sustainable ecological food production. For example, mushroom
cultivation (with the local raw material wood as a carrier material), other fruit or vegetables as well
as THC/CBD‐containing plants and herbs can be produced on an industrial scale. The spacious halls
allow controlled conditions of growth and protection against intruders. The supply of water can be
ensured via storage basins for slope and precipitation water. The sewer system is designed for large
flow rates. The controllable ventilation and lighting required for optimal growth and predictable
harvesting is guaranteed by the existing electrical infrastructure supply. Fig. 21 shows spatial
transformation and developments for the outlined approach of industrial agricultural use on the site.
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Figure 21: scenario “greenhouse”; edited by Simlab TUW, 2019
The scenario “RECYCLING” introduces a new concept dealing with the city of Eisenerz as a living lab
for building element recycling processes as well as new technical methodologies for the preservation
and renewal of decayed or destroyed buildings due to moisture ingress. In close cooperation with
regional research institutions, the regional construction and timber industries, a competence centre
and platform deconstruction, recycling and re‐utilisation of buildings and settlement structures is
elaborated. Fig.22 sketches a spatial concept of the transformation of the analysed pilot site, creating
the spatial environment for the research and industrial platform. Within the “Redesign Eisenerz”
concept, already mentioned spots of deconstruction become first living labs. So the city is
understood as a source of raw materials as well as a test laboratory to develop procedures and
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methods for the recycling of building parts/buildings, for the repair of damp/damaged building
materials and for the transformation of brownfield settlements into functioning spatial structures.
Through these processes, a supra‐regional showcase and competence centre will be created, which
will act as a trigger for sustainable regional value chain.
Figure 22: scenario “living lab” – recycling Eisenerz; edited by Simlab TUW, 2019
Reviewed and rejected development scenarios:
‐ Usage of pilot site as spot for touristic expansions: touristic use on the pilot site would
create conflicts with operating companies, size of hall is too big, buildings are not
suitable – adaptions would induce high costs, enough vacant buildings closer to the town
centre
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‐ Usage for non‐production oriented industries: rail access to the pilot site and remote
location provides best suitability for manufacturing industries and/or transport‐intensive
industry
‐ usage for housing: buildings are not suitable, enough vacant buildings for housing within
closer distance and with better access to the town centre
‐ usage for social infrastructures in the fields of health, administration and sport facilities:
existing sports facilities in town/region, buildings are not suitable – adaptions would
induce high costs, …
Irrespective of the content and thematic future reorientation of the site, these considerations should
be taken into account.
4 3BPART 2: PERFORMANCE OF THE AIL ASSESSMENT
4.1 8BINTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY
The aim of the assessment is to find problems and challenges and potentials regarding the spatial
conditions. TUW analyzed, as already mentioned in chapter 3.1, the „territorial“ scale, the valley
from Hieflau to Leoben and the municipality Eisenerz. The method subdivides in four main steps.
Steps of the assessment:
1) spatial exploration (on site and digital) to gain a first overview and impression of the
site/region: TUW did site‐visits in January and March, both times with an inspection of the site and
the halls. Important was the contact to local/regional stakeholders, in the frame of the site visit and
in a discussion round. Inspections (once during the festival “Rostfest” once during the normal season)
of the town Eisenerz was also important to get to know the settlement structures and to find out
potentials beside problems and challenges. Problems and challenges are mostly connected with the
strong population decrease (removal of buildings, vacancies); digital exploration via VR (Virtual
Reality): „flying“ over the region in a 3D‐environment (Google Earth VR) and viewing of the local
situation with 360° photos that have been taken on the site‐visit (360° photos are implemented in
the 3D‐web‐visualization of WPT1!)
2) detailed analysis of different issues:
• via on site research (get to know the region with all senses)
• via collecting GIS data and elaborating maps
• via collecting and processing statistical data
• via contacting local/regional stakeholders (interview, discussion round)
TUW and POLIMI analysed the natural environment and landscape, the settlement structure, the
mobility framework and reachability as well as the supply and disposal infrastructure. (more details
to the analyzed elements and formats see Table 1 (TUW) and Table 2 (POLIMI))
3) after the collection of all the different materials, TUW overlaps the results to find possible
coherences between the analysis elements. Out of this step, problems and potentials can be derived
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4) as conclusion TUW and POLIMI defined problems and challenges as well as potentials of the
municipality and region, which contain also some possible fields for action for the future
development of the site. The results can be used for WPT3.
Figure 23: workflow of the methodology, edited by Simlab, 2019
Formats used:
own GIS based maps
existing GIS based maps (Styria GIS)
VR (Virtual Reality)
terrain sections
360° photos
photo documentation
diagrams
interviews / stakeholder discussion rounds
text analysis (of concepts)
descriptions (as texts)
4.2 9BANALYSIS ELEMENTS REVIEW
Table 1: spatial and landscape analysis elements (TUW) Analysis frame
Analysis element
Output description
Output usage Usefulness for this AIL
environmen
tal and
landscape
analysis
topography and terrain
mapping and qualitative description of the topography via contour lines and
Identification of possibilities and limitations* Basic preparation
Very useful, as topography in region influences a lot of aspects of past, current and future
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terrain base map in GIS; on‐site research and photo documentation (+360° photos) of the terrain and landscape; 3D model of the terrain, implemented in the web‐visualization and in VR (Virtual Reality) – spatial exploration in a digital way
work to be able to set urban designs and ideas in a spatial context. Improves quality and professional appearance of project outputs (renderings, models, designs)
developments
location and type of nature protected areas
mapping of the location of nature protected areas by Styrian nature protection law in GIS; description of types of protected areas and associated restrictions and rules
Identification of possibilities and limitations* No limitations, site does not lay in protected area
Very useful a lot of areas around the pilot site are protected areas
land use mapping of the land use (by CORINE Land cover) in GIS and quantitative interpretation (chart)
Basic information* on present land use Basic land use information helps to indicate former usage and illustrates frameworks for future use (sealed or paved soil) (see Fig. 13‐14)
useful
danger zones mapping of the danger zones (for flood, mountain torrents and avalanches) via Styrian GIS (official GIS platform of the state of Styria) and description of associated
Identification of possibilities and limitations* No limitations, site does not lay in danger zone (see Fig. 15‐16)
Very useful, large areas of the municipality lay in danger zones with limitations to future developments
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restrictions by law
visual landscape and landmarks
on‐site research (visual impressions, sight axes) and photo documentation of the overall appearance of the landscape and of important landmarks
Usage mainly for analysis, preparation and presentation purposes – basic information* to be considered in designs and scenario developments that respect local conditions From the pilot site there are sight axes to the ore mountain, visual relations to the adjoining hills – should be considered to raise identification of new developments with region (see Fig. 20‐21)
Useful
settlemen
t analysis
typology of the settlements
mapping of the settlement structure and categorisation of different types of structures
basic information* to be considered in designs and scenario developments that respect local conditions around the historically grown town centre there are large housing estates with worker housing in multi‐storey residential buildings from the early post‐war period Older buildings from the end of the 19th century show the centuries‐old
Very useful, because of untypical settlement structure for an “alpine” village
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industrial tradition in the region.
conditions of the buildings stock
on‐site research and photo documentation, interview about the condition of the building stock (vacancies, age, density, facilities)
basic information* for designs and scenario developments On the pilot site there are several brick halls that are in rather poor condition, but worth preserving because of their valuable brick construction. The big hall of former Pilkington and Alumelt companies is in very good condition, the integrated office space as well as sanitary rooms need modernisation.
Very useful
zoning classification (usage)
on‐site research and mapping of usage of the building stock divided in different categories (e.g. housing, trade, industry, mixed usages)
basic information* for scenario and urban design developments The definition of zones and classification of the buildings stock within these zones allows to identify links and future transformations within a broader perspective and moreover allows more flexible design approaches. (See Fig. 4 and 17)
Very useful, as zoning classification is a legal limitation
spatial development concepts
qualitative analysis of the spatial development plan
information for designs and scenario developments that
Very useful, as concept papers that have (not) been implemented provide indications of
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and it's aims and measures, interview about the challenges in spatial development
acknowledge long term development plans, figuring out which ideas already came up within the community. The pilot site should keep its dedicated use as a zone for industrial manufacturing companies
the strengths and weaknesses of one's own project ideas.
protected buildings stock
mapping of protected buildings and associated restrictions
Basic information on restrictions and limitations* of changes of the building stock No limitations ‐ none of the buildings located on the pilot site are protected
Useful
mobility network and accessibility analysis
road network and classes
mapping and categorization of the road network, main road connections
basic accessibility analysis the pilot site can be accessed via a rather steep road**, which is limited in height by a railway underpass (4.5m), the closest highway can be reached within about 25 km via the Präbichl mountain road**. **In winter, snow chains are required for trucks. (see Fig. 2‐5)
Very useful Chance of limited access with trucks in winter ‐> increases the importance of the railway connection
rail network and classes
mapping and categorization of the rail network, main rail connections
Analysis of used and unused rail infrastructures, kind of usage (passenger or cargo transport) The pilot site has
Very useful, Need for further investigations on necessary investments into rail infrastructure in design and planning phase
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an rail link to the rail tracks connecting Eisenerz via Hieflau and Weißenbach/St. Gallen to the metal processing industries in Linz. The tracks to Hieflau are used for cargo transport only (see Fig. 2‐5)
public transport system
qualitative and quantitative description of the public transport system
Basic accessibility analysis regional busses with a bus once an hour on workdays and additionally school buses
Useful
reachability, accessibility
qualitative description of the reachability, mapping of distances and travel times
Basic accessibility analysis; Enables the identification of possibilities and limitations of the existing mobility infrastructure grid The accessibility studies provide information on the catchment areas of the labour force, sales markets and possibly competing regions. (see Fig. 2‐5)
Very useful
supply and disposal
infrastructure analysis
ICT supply description of the connection to ICT supply (fixed‐line, mobile communication network, broadband network)
Identification of possibilities and limitations* The examination provides information on the presence/ absence of production factors and necessary infrastructure
Very Useful Need for further investigation of necessary investment into ICT infrastructure in design and planning phase (if data driven and automated production processes or facilities of higher education are part of the ideas)
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investments. (see Fig. 18 and Fig. 19)
water supply and disposal infrastructure
description of the connection to water supply and disposal infrastructure
Identification of possibilities and limitations*
Very Useful
sewage description of the connection to sewage system
Identification of possibilities and limitations*
Very Useful
energy supply description of the connection to energy supply systems
Identification of possibilities and limitations*
Very Useful
* Part of basic spatial planning research
Table 2: spatial and landscape analysis elements (POLIMI) Analysis frame Analysis
elements Output description
Output usage Usefulness for this AIL
Environmental and landscape analysis
Green and blue elements ‐ green areas ‐ natural and protected areas
‐ tree meadows ‐ rivers, streams,.. ‐ green connections
‐ landscape value
Identification of all natural and environmental elements
Ecological and environmental network
Very useful for the future regeneration or development of AIL
Ecosystem services ‐ supporting services (nutrient cycle and oxygen production)
‐ provisioning services (production of food and water)
‐ regulating services (control of climate and disease)
‐ cultural services (spiritual and
Mapping and qualitative description of the ecosystem (by selected indicators)
Prioritization definition and problem identification in relation to different synergies Communication tool to initiate discussion with stakeholders visualizing the locations where valuable ecosystem services are
Useful for advocacy (awareness raising, justification, decision support), ecosystem assessment, priority setting, instrument design, spatial analysis.
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recreational benefits)
produced or used and explaining the relevance of ecosystem services to the public in their territory
Territorial fragilities
Mapping of territorial fragilities and risk areas
Risk prevention strategies Resilience enhancement General awareness and overcoming
Useful for defining prevention strategies in a future development
Settlement analysis
Historical settlement and cultural heritage
Mapping of the historical settlement structure and buildings
area enhancement
Useful to enhance area and the next surroundings in a future area regeneration
Industrial settlement and activities
Mapping and qualitative description of industrial area (in activity and abandoned)
Basic information to be considered in designing scenario(s) development
Very useful in a transformation or regeneration process
Urban facilities Mapping of facilities
Basic information to be considered in designing scenario(s) development
Very useful in a transformation or regeneration process
Mobility netw
ork and accessibility analysis
Infrastructural network
Mapping of roads, railways and all the elements relevant to mobility network (including public transport system)
Basic information to be considered in designing scenario(s) development
Very useful in a transformation or regeneration process (upgrade or weakening)
Accessibility, reachability
Qualitative description of the reachability, mapping of distances and travel times
Basic accessibility analysis enables the identification of possibilities and limitations of the existing mobility infrastructure grid
Very useful
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4.3 10BPERFORMANCE CONCLUSION
Which elements of the method were found crucial based on the results of the assessment and
tables 1 and 2?
Crucial for the analysis are the on‐site research including discussions with inhabitants and
stakeholders to acquire local knowledge beside the obligatory desk research and virtual analysis.
Furthermore, the development of utopian scenarios to define possible development pathways has
turned out as a fruitful method gaining broad perspectives on possible developments.
3D based haptic models (or at least digital models) additionally allow examining and testing of
(urban) designs and ideas in groups – we want to include them in further steps for the development
of scenarios for the discussed pilot site.
What modifications of the method will be considered for future assessments of AIL?
The approach/method outlined in the previous sections is not a linear working instruction, but
investigates the spatial, social and functional environment of the pilot site, the municipality and the
region as thematically broadly as possible and in as much detail as necessary. Depending on the
unique circumstances found, it is necessary to adjust the dimensions of the investigations both
spatially, thematically and also in an historical context. This leads to an iterative approach, from
desk‐research to on‐site research and back to desk‐research (etc.).
It should be noted that the research phase is never absolutely completed, even during the urban
planning design and concept/idea development phases as new questions can arise.
The described method has already implemented the adaptation to the individual conditions of the
respective AIL as a characteristic property. Accordingly, modifications of the future assessments of
the respective AILs with the current setting cannot be determined yet without this iterative process.
Nevertheless, in the context of the advancing digitalization and the ever improving availability of
data, it seems reasonable to extend the method by spatial simulation and modelling methods. Thus,
a lot of information could be compiled faster and more efficiently by automating processes. By
designing models, many aspects of planning decisions can be tested and simulated at an early stage.
This leads to a better communication of the effects of planning decisions and thus to better decision
bases for the responsible stakeholders. In further design steps and on within the upcoming pilot site
spatial analysis we will focus more on digital simulation and modelling tools and presentation
methodologies based on these technologies.
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5 4BPART 3: FEEDBACK OF THE REGIONAL PARTNER
Do you find the results useful and which ones?
The environmental and landscape analysis, the settlement analysis, the mobility and reachability
analysis and the supply and disposal infrastructure analysis give a good overview of the situation and
the regional embedding, highlighting the main challenges. Well done and interesting are the (3D‐
)visualisations. They can be useful in future also for other purposes apart from the trAILs site.
The scenarios are well described and inspiring – they are easy to understand also for non‐experts.
The visualisations (photomontage etc.) are very supportive; the sketches of possible future use are
useful for further discussions in the region. E.g. the photomontage visualisations for the scenario
“renaturation” give a very good feeling about how the site and its surroundings could look like in
future.
All in all the assessment report provides good background information; parts of it may be useful for
example for the creation of an investor brochure.
Have you learned something about the site that you did not know before? What was it?
The city region Eisenerz is already a well analysed region. In regard to the basic information of the
site there was nothing really new to be learned from the report.
Will you be able to use any of the results and how?
The short and crisp summary and the graphical elements of the report could be useful in the future
(e.g. investor brochure; or other purposes in the regional planning).
Will you be able to take any additional actions based on the assessment results, what are they?
The scenarios are a base for further discussions.
Which analysis elements are more useful (look at the spreadsheet 4.2 and appendix results)?
Topography, terrain and industrial settlement analysis
Any suggestions to make this assessment method better?
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It is suggested to perform a deeper analysis on the site itself: e.g. condition of buildings stock,
typology of the buildings, 3D‐visualisations of the site, mapping of infrastructure (electricity,
roads/rail etc.) & landuse in detail on the site;
In regard also to the other assessments a good visualisation/map of the site is missing.
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6 5BAPPENDIX
6.1 11BAPPENDIX A – SPATIAL AND LANDSCAPE ANALYSIS
Figure 23: Landscape and nature protection in Eisenerz. Edited by Simlab TUW, 2019; basedata: CORINE
Landcover 2012
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Figure 24: landuse of Eisenerz (separated in buildt‐up areas, agricultural areas, forests and natural areas and
waterareas) – computation by Simlab TU Wien, basedata: CORINE Land cover 2012
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Figure 25: Danger zones in cases of floods – HQ30 (dark blue area), HQ100 (light blue area), HQ300 (orange
area) – cases for 30‐, 100‐ and 300‐annuality flood ‐ The term "annuality" describes the probability of the
occurrence of a flood event with the corresponding outflow quantity. Source: GIS Land Steiermark
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Figure 26: Danger zones from torrents and avalanches. (red zone – building ban, yellow zone – building with
strict observance of all defined restrictions possible)
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Figure 27: Land use plan – overview Eisenerz (pilot site: designated use – industrial and commercial area, edited
by Simlab TU Wien (Stmk LReg 2019)
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Figure 28: connection to ICT infrastructure ‐ fixed‐line supply. Download speed. (see BMVIT 2018a)
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Figure 29: connection to ICT infrastructure ‐ mobile network coverage. Download speed. (see BMVIT 2018b)
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Figure 30: impression of the visual landscape with landmark Erzberg in the background – viewpoint in the front
part of the pilot site. Soure: Simlab, TU Wien 2019
Figure 31: impression of the visual landscape with landmark Erzberg in the background – viewpoint behind the
Alumelt/Pilkington hall in direction of the Erzberg. Soure: Simlab, TU Wien 2019
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ArcGIS 2018: ArcGIS Online Basemaps. Imagery (WGS84)
https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=52bdc7ab7fb044d98add148764eaa30a , last viewed on
05.03.2019
BMVIT 2018a: Breitbandatlas ‐ fixed‐line supply. Bundesministerium für Verkehr, Innovation und
Technologie. www.breitbandatlas.info , last viewed on 05.03.2019
BMVIT 2018b: Breitbandatlas ‐ fixed‐line supply. Bundesministerium für Verkehr, Innovation und
Technologie. www.breitbandatlas.info , last viewed on 05.03.2019
Stmk LReg 2019: Digitaler Atlas Steiermark: Planung & Kataster.
https://gis.stmk.gv.at/atlas/init.aspx?ks=das&karte=kat&cms=CMS_da&logo=gisstmk&project=dwBn
AHUAXwA5AGQANAAwAGMAZAA2AGMANwA1ADkANwA0ADIAMAA3AGEAZgA0AGEAZgAxADMAZA
BkADYAZAAzADYANQBhADQAXABQAGkAbABvAHQALQBTAGkAdABlACAARQBpAHMAZQBuAGUAcgB
6AA%3d%3d&redliningid=nnx5h2bte0fguzjeeseeysvy, last viewed on 07.03.2019