Training adaptations to the respiratory system

Aims of the seminar

• To recap on the previous session (the structure and function of the respiratory system)

• To introduce training adaptations and how they effect the reparatory system.

• To complete the warm-up questions.• To watch the DVD entitled anatomy for

beginners.

You need to know where the air goes on the way to the alveoli

The trachea

• Air passes through the nose or mouth and then moves onto the (trachea)

• It is commonly known as the ‘wind pipe’.

The Bronchi

• The trachea splits into two tubes called bronchi.

• Each tube is called a bronchus and join up to the lungs.

Bronchioles

• The bronchi split into progressively smaller tubes called bronchioles.

Alveoli

• The bronchioles finally end at small bags called alveoli (each one is a alveolus).

• This is where gas exchange takes place.

•

The Diffusion Principle

Gaseous Exchange

• This occurs in the alveoli.

• Oxygen In – Carbondioxide Out

• Diffusion takes less than 1 second

• Across semi-permeable membrane

Diffusion in Diffusion in the Lungs…the Lungs…

Effect of Gaseous Exchange on Air Composition…

Gas Air In Air Out

Oxygen 21% 16%

Carbon Dioxide

0.04% 4%

Nitrogen 78% 78%

Lung Capacities• Tidal Volume (TV 500ml)

•Volume when breathing normally – increases during exercise

• Residual Volume (RV 1200ml)

• Remains after full expiration

• Vital Capacity (VC 500ml)

• Volume expired after maximum inspiration

• Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV1)

•Volume forcibly expired in first second (80%)

Lung Capacities

• Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV 3000ml)

•Maximum volume of air after full inspiration

• Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV 1200ml)

•Maximum volume of air exhaled after full inspiration

•Total Lung Capacity (VC 6000ml)

• Sum of all Lung Volumes

• Minute Ventilation (VE 7500ml)

•Volume breathed in & out per minute

Basic Lung Capacities

The ability the carry O2 at Kylie’s age v Ken’s Age

Governing FactorsGoverning Factors

• Size of Lungs/Ribcage – generally genetic

• Strength of respiratory muscles

• Resistance to air flow as a consequence of:

• Colds

• Lung disorders

• Smoking

• Small increases in lung volume• Slight increase in Vital Capacity• Slight increase in Tidal Volume• Increased strength of Respiratory muscles• More efficient pulmonary diffusion (esp. nr. Max)• Increased capillarisation around alveoli• Increased SA of Alveoli

Physiological adaptations

• Resulting Training adaptations:

– Resting Resp. Rate reduces– Breathing rate during sub-max exercise– IE… Greater efficiency!

Key Points