TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS

MS CHRISTINEMN FINALRAKCON

DEFINITION

• Transactional analysis is a method of understanding people’s behavior by analyzing the transactions or interactions which transpire between people.

• Transactional analysis is a social psychology and a method to improve communication.

THEORY OF TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS

GOALS OF TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS

• Make yourself aware of your triadic personality structure.

• Increase awareness of your own ego state and the ego states of others.

• Be aware of both social and psychological messages which exist within communication transactions.

• Increase the chance for complementary transaction.

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS- EGO STATES

• Berne defined an ego state as “ a consistent pattern of feeling and experience directly related to a corresponding consistent pattern of behavior” .

PARENT EGO STATE (EXTEROPSYCHE

Nurturing parent

Critical parent

CHILD EGO STATE

The natural / free child

Adapted child

ADULT EGO STATE

• Only 7% of the meaning is in the words spoken

• 38% of meaning is paralinguistic (the way that the words are said)

• 55 % is in facial expression

INTER PERSONAL TRANSACTIONS

Reciprocal/complementary

Reciprocal/complementary

Example 1A: have you been able to write the report?(adult to

adult)B :“yes I m about to email it to you.” (adult to adult)Example 2 A: “would you like to skip this meeting and go watch a

film with me instead?”(child to child)B: “I’d love to – I don’t want to work anymore, what

should we go and see?” (child to child)

Crossed transactions

• Example 1a• A: have you been able to write the report?

(adult to adult)• B: “ will you stop hassling me? I ‘ll do it

eventually”(child to parent)

DUPLEX OR COVET TRANSACTION

• There are two different levels in transaction. One of them is a surface level or social level and the second one is a hidden level or a psychological level.

In a class room the teacher played some video clips to give a presentation on Marxist ideology.Two of the students started discussing topics related to Marxist ideology which were not discussed in the class before. Now apparently, or on surface, the two students were having an adult-to-adult transaction. But covertly, that transaction was a child-to-child transaction as the two were trying to tell the rest of the class, ‘Look! We’ve more knowledge about the topic”.

THE FOUR LIFE POSITIONS

1. I AM NOT O.K YOU ARE O.K• Lack of self respect and self confidence • Feeling of inferiority and negative approval.• Lack motivation and strive to progress.• Dominated by situations and lack initiative.

2. I AM NOT O.K YOU ARE NOT O.K

• Low opinion and lack of self confidence.

• No trust in others, rather always suspicious.

• Negative feeling of thought of self and others.

• Not straight forward.

3.I AM OK YOU ARE NOT OK

• Lack of trust and confidence in colleagues.• Feeling of superiority and power• Blaming his colleagues for any failure.• No interest in feedback.

4. I AM O.K YOU ARE O.K

• Respect for self and others- high self esteem.• Interested to provide democratic leadership.• Honest and sincere in both his work and with

colleagues.

POSITIVE STROKES

• A positive stroke is any recognition that is direct, appropriate, and relevant .Positive strokes leaves the other person feeling alive, alert, and significant

• Positive strokes may be . . .• Complimentary• Affectionate

Positive Unconditional Strokes

• Example• “I really liked the way you handled the

meeting.”• “You really know how to close a sale.”

Positive Conditional Strokes

• Examples . . .• “If you keep that up, you will get a big bonus.”• “When you work like that you really

contribute to the team.”

NEGATIVE STROKES

• Strokes can also be negative• A put down• An insult• Laughing at someone

TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS AS ATOOL IN BUILDING INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS

• Knowing and trusting each other is essential, self disclosure, self awareness and self- trust are also very important.

• Communicating with each other accurately and inclear words and actions.

• Accepting and supporting each other’s positive and negative strokes. Accept the person as he is and then change him once the rapport is established.

• Resolving conflicts and relationship problem constructively.

ROLE OF TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS IN NURSING PROFESSION

• TA enables the mangers and educators to aware about their ego states for the first time.

• Based on this awareness, they do feel the need for shifting ego states as per the demand of the situations.

• It helps them to become aware of the effects of their communication(transactions) with others and why and how it breaks or builds.

• They become aware of the need and efficacy of positive strokes and dysfunctional effects of negative strokes

contiiiii• TA concepts help them to reduce work

tension and increase harmony in working with people.

• TA develops capacities of awareness, spontaneity and intimacy.

• Knowledge of transactional analysis enables a manager and educator to modify the behavior of coworkers, thereby improving communication and increasing productivity.

• An understanding of ego state is necessary for the manager to interpret and modify her own responses to patient and coworker.

TA FOR EDUCATION

• Transactional analysis is a practical educational psychology that offers a way of transforming educational philosophy and principle into everyday practice.

• TA concept provide a flexible and creative approach to understand how people function and to the connection between the human behavior ,learning and empowerment, enhancing effective methods of interaction and mutual recognition.

• Educational TA is both preventive and restorative . the aim is to increase personal autonomy , to support people in developing their own personal and professional philosophies and to enable optimum psychological health and growth.

FOR ORGANISATIONAL CHANGE

• TA to enhance job performance develop more effective management, leadership skills, and greater organizational teamwork. TA support organizational goals and helps to solve management- employee problems or conflicts in order to promote healthier and more productive business, government and social organization.

FOR PERSONAL CHANGE

• TA to help achieve your personal goals. You can use it to break free of negative life script and become more autonomous.

• TA has significant role in resolving conflicts and building interpersonal relationship. It can bridge the difference and cement interpersonal relationship by knowing and trusting each other by self disclosure, self awareness and self trust

• Communicating each other accurately• Accepting and supporting each other’s positive

and negative strokes

FOR SOCIAL CHANGE

• TA can be used to promote healthy and productive social institutions. It can raise awareness of social inequities and promote ok- ok relations between diverse cultural group. TA can be used by both informal and formal social leaders and their followers to support basic human rights in line with the goal of creating more harmony in society.

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SUMMARY

MEANINGDEFINITIONTHEORYGOALSSTRUCTURAL ANALYSISFUNCTIONAL ANALYSISPOSITIVE STROKESFUNCTION OF TA