Transcription and Translation

© copyright- All rights reserved www.cpalms.org

Standard(s): • SC.912.L.16.5 Explain the basic processes of

transcription and translation, and how they result in the expression of genes.

Learning objectives: • Students will compare and contrast the processes

of transcription and translation.• Students will model how transcription and

translation lead to the expression of genes.

DNARNAtranscriptiontranslationAmino acidProteinCodon/ anticodon

Guiding question:

How are proteins made according to the code in DNA?

cell

nucleuschromosome

DNA

gene

Transcription

Transcription in a nutshell

A pairs with UC pairs with G

RNA base paring rules

Occurs inside the nucleusSpecific gene is copied into mRNA One mRNA codes a single proteinEnd result is the code for a single protein

Translation

Codon

mRNA codon chart Alanine : AlaArganine: ArgAsparagine: AsnAspartic acid: AspCysteine: CysGlutamic acid: GluGlutamine: GlnGlycine: GlyHistidine: HistIsoleucine: IleLeucine: LeuLysine:LysMethionine: MetPhenylalanine:PheProline:ProSerine: SerThreonine: ThrTryptophan: TrpTyrosine:TyrValine:ValSTART: Met

Translation in a nutshell

A pairs with UC pairs with G

RNA base paring rules

Occurs in the cytoplasmRequires a ribosome Ribosomal complex: ribosome + mRNA+ tRNAmRNA contains code for specific tRNADifferent tRNA’s bring different amino acids to the ribosomeEnd result is a protein

http://homepages.abdn.ac.uk/p.marston/pages/flash/samples/protein.swf

NUCLEUS

CYTOPLASM(ribosome)

How do you go from DNA to the color of your eyes?

3 genes code for eye color

Enzyme (protein)That controls levels of melanin

Transcription and translation

SummarizingI used to think … but now I know: Each student will answer: I used to think the color of the eyes came from…….. But now I know……. share with shoulder partner and the class