DNA, RNA, AND PROTEIN

Transcription and Translation…

Its what make you, YOU!

ALL LIVING THINGS ARE MADE OF: Water Inorganic Compounds Organic Compounds

CarbohydratesLipidsProteinsNucleic Acids

WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A TREE AND ME?! PROTEIN!

Because of DNA

DNA Species specific Genes are long strands of DNA on

chromosomes Genes code for proteins Proteins make you YOU and a sequoia a

SEQUOIA

BUT WHAT IS DNA?! The genetic code Instructions for heredity Sections of it make genes Director of protein synthesis

AND…

DNA IS ALSO A type of nucleic acid An organic compound A polymer

Repeating subunits

DNA’S PROPER NAME Deoxyribonucleic Acid!

Say it with me! A ribose sugar with a “missing” oxygen

Hence the de-oxy part In the nucleus of eukaryotic organisms

BASIC DNA STRUCTURE Nucleotide

A phosphateA sugarA nitrogen base

Double helixHydrogen bonds between

Adenine & Thymine Cytosine & Guanine

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS Assembling a protein molecule from

amino acidsAmino acids are small molecules found in

the foods we eat or are produced in our cells.

Happens at the ribosomes DNA → RNA is called transcription. RNA → Protein is called translation.

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS 1) The DNA’s sequence codes to

produce messenger RNA (mRNA) 2) The mRNA leaves the nucleus and

attaches to a ribosome in the cytoplasm 3) Transfer RNA (tRNA) brings amino

acid molecules to the ribosome that correspond to the sequence of the code

4) Amino acids bond together to form polypeptides, that bond together to make proteins

RIBOSOMES Complex

machinery that controls protein synthesis.

2 subunitsOne catalyzes the

peptide bond formations

The other binds the mRNA to the tRNA

RNA Single-stranded Still made of nucleotides that have a

phosphate, a sugar, and a nitrogen baseAdenine, Uracil, Guanine, Cytosine