Transfer of hydrological knowledge, data and services to Member States through International Hydrological

Programme (IHP)

Anil Mishra

UNESCO-IHP

Observations and Modeling Across Scales: Symposium in Honor of Eric WoodPrinceton University, June 2-3, 2016

Session : Human impacts on hydrologic variability and extremes, and associated coupled human-water system feedbacks

a) To provide a scientific framework for the general development of hydrological activities;

b) to improve the study of the hydrological cycle and the scientific methodology for the assessment of water resources throughout the world, thus contributing to their rational use;

c) to evaluate the influence of man’s activities on the water cycle, considered in relation to environmental conditions as a whole;

d) to promote the exchange of information on hydrological research and on new development of their national hydrological activities.

The IHP became operational on 1 January 1975

Eric Wood and UNESCO-IHP 1973

Addressing water security

1973 population 3.9 billion

2016 population 7.4 billion

Access to Safe Drinking Water (Total - 1970)

Access to Safe Drinking Water (Total - 2002)

An estimate of the share of people in developing countries with access to safe drinking water 1970-2000

https://koshland-science-museum.org/water/html/en/Atlas/atlas2.html Pacific Institute (http://www.worldwater.org)

Source: AR5 SYR SPM

HUMAN INFLUENCE: Extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant cause of warming since the mid-20th century

Global surface temperature change in 2100 is likely to exceed

1.5°C for all scenarios except for ambitious mitigation

Temperature

Projected temperature change

Precipitation

Source: AR5 SYR SPM

Evolution of IHP: from Hydrological Science to Integrated science, Policy and Society

Hydrology and Water Resources Sustainable Development in a Changing Environment

Experimental Basins, Categorization of Large Floods, World Water Balance

IHPVIII2014

IHP-VII2008

IHP-VI2002

IHP-V1996

IHP-IV1990

IHP-III1984

IHP-II1981

IHP-I1975

International Hydrological Decade (IHD)

1965

Water Interactions: Systems at Risk and Social Challenges

Hydrology and Water Resources Development in Vulnerable Environment

International Cooperation in Hydrological Sciences

Water Security: Responses to Local, Regional, and Global Challenges

Water Dependencies: Systems under Stress and Societal Responses

The IHP today

human beings are killed each year from water‐related disasters and diseases.

people lack access to safe water and 2.5 billion to adequate sanitation.

of the human population live in arid areas. By 2030, half of the population will be living in areas of high water stress.

85%

6-8 million

750million

Water Security key challenges of the 21 st Century

of the world’s total wastewater is discharged without adequate or any treatment.

85%

transboundary aquifers

shared by 2-4

countries

population of freshwater species declined in just thirty years.

445

50 %

Source: Data collected by UNESCO-IHP

Global Precipitation Gage Network (GPCC) (2016)

Global Runoff Gage Network (GRDC)

Global In situ Observing Systems: Limited coverage!

© GPCC

© GRDC

G-WADI Website

http://www.gwadi.org/

G-WADI Networks

Water for Sustainable Development and Adaptation to Climate Change - Serbia

Ministry of Regional Municipalities and Water Resources Sultanate of Oman

African NetworkAGRYHMET Regional Centre - Niamey, Niger.

Asian G-WADI Network

Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute

Chinese Academy of Sciences

The Water Center for Arid and Semi-Arid Zones in Latin America and the Caribbean

International Center for Integrated Water Resources Management

IDI / IFI/GWADI/

Develops capacity building tobetter understand and respond tofloods hazards while takingadvantage of their benefits.

Focus on research, informationnetworking, education and trainingto empower communities.

Platform of global networking and knowledge sharing between international entities:

Surveys drought management, develops capacity building;

promotes regional and international cooperation on drought issues.

Improved understanding of the characteristics of hydrological systems and water management needs in arid areas.

Providing the Tools to Identify Climate Risks

Monitoring and Early Warning of Droughts and Floods

Princeton and UNESCO-IHP

User Interface: http://stream.princeton.edu

Development of Flood and Drought Monitoring and Prediction Systems at Princeton University

Source: Justin and Eric

Training Workshop in Santiago, Chile (2014)

– also in Niger (2012, 2013), Kenya (2012), Namibia (2015)

•Training in the use of the system•Transfer of technology/knowledge exchange•Operational servers – regional clients•Validation, feedback and collaboration

Source: Justin and Eric

17

CURRENT

FUTURE

The future of hydrology: An evolving science for a changing worldThorsten Wagener,1 Murugesu Sivapalan,2,3,4 Peter A. Troch,5 Brian L. McGlynn,6

Ciaran J. Harman,3 Hoshin V. Gupta,5 Praveen Kumar,3 P. Suresh C. Rao,7

Nandita B. Basu,8 and Jennifer S. Wilson2

Source: WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH, VOL. 46, W05301, doi:10.1029/2009WR008906, 2010

Figure 5. Key elements of the needed paradigm shift in hydrologic science (building on work by Sivapalan [2005]).

Earth System Science. Only integrated frameworks that embed humans

explicitly will enable us to manage water cycle dynamics to prevent or

solve the water crisis

Hydrology is not just the study of water!!!

Source: WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH, VOL. 46, W05301, doi:10.1029/2009WR008906, 2010

Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)

3 out of 4 jobs that make up the entire global workforce are water-dependent

Strengthening capacity building

Source WWDR, S. Uhlenbrook, WWAP, 2016

HEAVILY/MODERATELY WATER-DEPENDENT JOBS

42% of GLOBAL WORKFORCE

HEAVILYWATER-DEPENDENT

Three out of four jobs that make up the entire global workforce are water-dependent

Source: WWDR, S. Uhlenbrook , WWAP 2016

Delivering responses: IHP-VIII (2014-2021)

IPCC’s Fifth Assessment Report

WG-2 on Impacts, Adaptation

and Vulnerability (AR5) 2014:

Risks and Challenges

• Sustainable Development Goals

• COP21: Paris Agreement

IHP-VIII (2014-2021): Water security: Responses to local, regional and global challenges.

“the capacity of a population to safeguard

access to adequate quantities of water of

acceptable quality for sustaining human and

ecosystem health on a watershed basis, and to

ensure efficient protection of life and property

against water related hazards — floods,

landslides, land subsidence and droughts.”

15 June 2016 UNESCO Headquarters, Paris

Room IV (Fontenoy)

Water-related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) implementation: Knowledge,

data, indicators, tools & innovations

12th Kovacs Colloquium