transit times volume 3, number 12e

8/14/2019 Transit Times Volume 3, Number 12E

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OAKLAND, APRIL 1961

District Studies School Bus Problemslegislative Action, Cooperation of School BoardSought to Solve Cost of Special Student ServiceA solution to the intricate, but im

portant problem of providing bus service for students at hill area schools appeared to hinge this month on legislative action and the question of who willpay the costs.At a recent meeting between representatives of AC Transit and the Montclair-Thornhill Parents Bus Committee,district directors indicated their concernover the problem and promised someanswer within the next several weeks asto the extent of school bus service thatcould be operated by the district nextSeptember.

The board of directors long has heldthe position that school bus transportation properly is a function of the district.But, in the words of Director WilliamH. Coburn, Jr., chairman of the committee making a study of the complexproblem, the district is opposed to buying special school bus equipment for narrow, steep hill streets which would beoperated at a loss to the district.

I f arrangements were worked out soparents and the Oakland Board of Edu-cation shared costs, Coburn said, hewould favor the district providing theservice.

The Oakland school board has said itwill discontinue service now in effect inJune and will not provide any school

transportation, except to certain handicapped children.Solution may come from a bill pend-ing in the State Legislature, introducedby Assemblyman Nicholas Petris, whichwould allow school boards to pay onlya portion of bus service costs. The Alameda County district attorney has ruledthat under present law the board mustpay all the cost or none.Previously, parents have been contributing to school bus service, but ona voluntary basis.10-Cent School FareParents of the Montclair area havesaid they are willing to continue contributing to the costs or to pay the regular 10 cents children's fare i f school buslines are established by the district.

I f the way is cleared for AC Transitto undertake bus service at 10 cents aride and the school district make upwhatever deficit is incurred, the finalsolution may hinge on the Oakland Boardof Education as to whether it will makea commitment to this effect.At stake.is the transportation of 370children in the Montclair area now riding the school's charter buses, plus thestudents who will be attending the newSkyline High School opening this fall.Also involved is service to other hillarea elementary and junior high schools.


2/7

What the Editors Are Saying About TransitOakland Tribune:

Express AppreciationA C TRANSIT's new inter-city exft press system has not only im

proved the bustling metropolitan appearance of downtown Oakland, bu t ithas provided the first swift transit linkbetween Oakland, Berkeley, San Leandro and Hayward.The critical test of any transit system,of course, despite the beauty of the ne\vand comfortable coaches, is patronageand preliminary results indicate it willpass this test cum laude.

The basis of this prediction comesfrom General Manager John R. Worthington, who says that th e new systemhas quickly drawn many more patronsthan could be normally expected in ane w operation. Also, since the new ACDistrict took over from Key System, therehas been a significant rise in patronage.This is a hopeful sign. But the newexpress lines have added 90,000 route

miles annually and $50,000 in operatingcosts to give the Eastbay the service ithas long desired. In order to financiallymeet these whopping totals of miles anddollars, the system must have a quarterof a million passengers .While this passenger load sounds fantastic, there are indications that it willbe met. On the day the service wasinaugurated nearly 7,000 passengersboarded the express lines. Some of thesewere riding commuter buses for the firsttime and reported the experience inglowing terms.

Not only are passengers happy withthe long-awaited ne w service and equipment, bu t merchants in all the connecting areas h ~ v e reported their enthusiasmalso. Congratulations to the new ACTransit District and our best wishes forthe future.

Bus Tokens to Match Streamlined LookAC Transit is going to have new bustokens, in keeping with the streamlined

"new look" already illustrated by thelatest equipment and uniforms.

The tokens will be the first new designfor the public in 14 years, since NationalCity Lines took over from the Key System.Bids already have been requested forthe tokens and they will go on sale foruse throughout the district this summer.

The new design calls for a circularbronze token with the district emblemin the center. The district's name will beon one side and "good for one local fare"2

will be lettered on the other side.Existing tokens will continue to behonored for several mon ths after the new

ones are ready. As the old tokens are collected, they will be replaced with thenew models.

FREELOADER - Tiny Brown, bus hop.ping pigeon, takes free ride (above)before Director Robert Barber makesan honest patron out of the pigeon bypresenting her with a token. The birdis the pet of Mrs. Ellerena MaeDannold.

Pigeon Finds It's Smart to Ride the BusThe finest feathered patron of ACTransit is a pigeon, who may also beOakland's smartest bird.Smart enough, anyway, to follow thedistrict's slogan and ride the bus.So there would be no complaints aboutfree-loading, the pigeon, Tiny Brown,was presented with a free, life-time tokenfrom the district.Director Robert K. Barber made thepresentation of the brand-new token ona chain, handy for the pigeon to wear

around her neck.Tiny, pet of Mrs. Ellerena McDannold, a legal secretary, took up roof-timebus hopping as a means of getting ba ck

to her owner's downtown apartment at1950 Broadway.Each morning, unless it is raining, sherides down Broadway on Mrs. McDannold's shoulder while Mrs. McDannoldwalks to work. Tiny heads for home, viaAC Transit.Spectators claim that if she takes aTelegraph Ave. bus by mistake, she flies .off and waits for the next coach headingout Broadway.This was news to the drivers. They apparently never heard the pitter-patter ofTiny's feet. :gut as a paid-up , patron,Tiny can now ride inside or 1'JUt-andwhat's more, she is enti tled to a transfer.

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3/7

1 ~ i D ~ ~ Commuters Compare AC Transit to Key

System, Decide They Like New ServiceThe Inquiring Photographer of the

San Francisco Examiner asked commuters at the Transbay Transit Terminal aquestion of area-wide interest and cameup with a surprising unanimity in answers.The question: "Is A.C.T. Better ThanKey System?"

The answers added up to "yes," withthese reasons:Mary Gilbert, bus driver, of 1257 148thAve., San Leandro, found "even the riders seem happier now. Sure this is betterthan Key System. We have more andbetter equipment, better service."Arch Hepburn, printer, 28525 Coleridge Ave., Hayward, who started riding the bus again after AC Transit tookover, answered: "They've kept the samerates, improved the service an d spreadout the schedules. I'd say that's all tothe good."

B. C. Sutliff, chief clerk, 1532 Fir Ave.,San Leandro, said "The A.C.T. has provided more frequent service, more 'ontime' performance, new improved busesan d pleasant employes."Frank vonAh, 1629 Wood St., Alameda, reported in part: "I've noticedthat the drivers are a lot more courteous,and you can almost depend upon theirschedules."Clarence E. Willard, apartment housemanager, 1806 Berkeley Ave., Berkeley:"I think the buses are much more roomyand far more comfortable and I want totake this opportunity to congratulate theA.C.T. on its service. The only complaintis there are not enough buses. I thinkthey're working on that."

John Renshaw, sales representative,1124 107th Ave., Oakland: "All I can say4

is that the facilities in general have improved . . . Their schedules are muchmore dependable now, too."

Harold Cunningham, p r i n t e r, 461Larchmont St., Hayward: "This line isgoing to make a record. They've pu t onmore buses, more lines, more employes,all without raising fares. And I thinkthey're going to make more money doingit. They've made the system usable forlots of us who couldn't use it before."Mrs. Fern Jones, assistant secretary,756 Sycamore Ave., Hayward: "TheA.C.T. seems to be so much more efficient. Without raising the fares they'vemanaged to pu t on a lot of new andnicer equipment. They seem to be tryingto make it more pleasant for the rider,and to make his trip shorter."Air Conditioning Sends

Crews Back to SchoolMaintenance crews pu t in some school

time during the month, learning there ismore to the new equipment now rollingthroughout the district than the wheelsthat go 'round and the engine in back.Because air-conditioning is now-forthe first time-standard equipment onthe transbay and express buses, maintenance men were given a course in howto keep the units properly functioning .

Th e special air-conditioning schoolwas set up by General Motors Corp.,manufacturers of the buses, with crewsfrom Division 2 and 3 joining in sessionsat the Emeryville yard. Another two-daycourse followed at Division 4 yards.Some 48 men attended the school.school.

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Customers Drop $1 ,000 , 000 in CoinBo. To Make March District's Top MonthOver $1,000,000 was dropped into thefare box by passengers during the monthof March, sending AC Transit into theseven figure plateau for th e first timesince taking over from Key System Transit Lines.The previous high was reached in December, when fare revenue totaled $988,-899, according to General Manager John

R. Worthington.The district is continuing to show asteady, healthy increase in riders, he told

the board of directors.Transbay bus travel for the month was

up 8.5 per cent over last year, whilepatronage on local lines was up 3 percent over March, 1960.

The new exnress service doubled itsrevenue in the first two weeks of opera-

tion, moving from $600 daily revenue atthe start to more than $1200 by the endof the second week.

Worthington said th e express service"is going along in pretty good shape, bu trevenue of at least $1500 a day is necessary to assure continued operations."

He termed "most important and satisfying" the fact that express service wasnot robbing parallel local lines of patronage , bu t was attracting new riders-mostof them apparently using bus transit forth e first time.

District service has been increased 14per cent in the past three months , asresult of the addition of new lines andline extensions, Worthington also disclosed.Opposition Mounts Over Bay Toll Diversion

Opposition against Senate Bill 499mounted throughout the East Bay thismonth as cities and representative organizations moved against legislationwhich would divert Bay Bridge tolls foruse other than in transbay traffic improvements.

Already on record against th e bill arethe cities of Alameda, Albany, EI Cerrito, Emeryville, Oakland, Richmond,San Pablo and San Leandro.Groups in opposition include Local192 of the Carmen's Union, EmeryvilleIndustries Association, Alameda CountyCentral Labor Council, Alameda CountyMayors Conference, Contra Costa CountyMayors Conference, Oakland Chamberof Commerce, San Lorenzo VillageHomes Association and EI Cerrito Chamber of Commerce.Working with the East Bay communities in united opposition to the bill isAss emblyman Walter 1. Dahl who in the

past has spearheaded much of th e legislation to improve public transportationin th e Bay Area.The proposed new legislation would

permit the use of Bay Bridge revenuesto remodel the Transbay Transit Terminal in San Francisco so it could be usedby commuter buses from San Mateo andMarin counties. The measure was introduced by Senators Richard Dolwig ofSan Mateo County and John McCarthyof Marin County.Opponents p ~ i n t out the privatelyowned lines who do not pay Bay Bridgetolls would be getting a "free ride" at theexpense of transbay commuters who paythe cost of the improved transit facilities .

Opening the terminal to all commuterbuses entering San Francisco also wouldovercrowd the facility to the point oflowering the quality of transbay commuter service to the East Bay cities, according to AC Transit officials.

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4/7

CAMPUS VIEW-This is a new look for most visitors, across the fountain which nowfronts Sather Gate, to South Hall and the Campa nile in background.

Transit Trailsu.c. Has Surprises For Trip of Month

By Virginia DennisonThe Berkeley Campus of Universityof California means many things to manypeople, bu t if you have never approached

it as a tourist, you're missing a pleasantsurprise.The campus isn't only for students. The

public can enjoy a number of exhibits,some wonderful views, a historical spotor two and a beautiful and interestingbotanical garden-bursting out all overnow in blooming cactus.

On Sundays, particularly, the campuswill be yours. You can picnic on thegrass, enjoy the sun and the splendid ar-B

chitecture of the Greek Theatre-or thebrand new view from the Student Union, with its rooftop peek at the campusand the wide world of the East B'ly.Some of the exhibits are open on Sunday; as many, probably, as you want tosample in one day. For the others, plan aweekday or Saturday morning trip. Thecampus is fun and exhilarating at anytime. Besides-it's educational.This is one adventure, incidentally,where it's not only more convenient, bu tpretty necessary to take the bus. Automobiles are just not welcome.

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A highlight of any tour of the campusis a visit to the spectacular botanical 1 r dens at the head of Strawberry Canyon.It's a beautiful walk, of about two miles,from the Greek Theatre, along the upper side of the stadium, out North Canyon Road past Stern pool and the Strawbery Canyon recreational area .

The nearest bus point is the 51 linestop at College Ave. and Bancroft vVayor the 7 line stop at Euclid and HearstAves. It shouldn't be missed, especiallyin its Springtime brilliancy. It's open 9to 4 daily (10 to 5 during Daylight Saving). Even has a few picnic tables foryour use.A number of AC Transit buses willtake you to the campus, bu t for a convenient approach via Sather Gate, takethe 51-College Ave. or th e 40-Telegraph Ave. to Bancroft and Telegraph.

The striking new building off the intersection is Student Union. Look aroundon the way, bu t take the elevator to theroof garden for that wonderful view. Thebuilding is open every day at 8 a .m. except on Sunday, when it opens at noontime.

Up Bancroft, near College, is KroeberHall, with its anthropological and archaeological specimens. The Robert H.

AFRICAN HILL - Cactus and succulentsfrom South Africa put on a showy displayat U.C. botanical garden.

WHAT IS IT? Skull of a Synthetoceras,from the Pliocene period, keeps a resurrected eye on visitors to Hearst MiningBuilding on U.C. campus.Lowie Museum, of special note, currently is concentrating on ancient Peru.It is open 1 to 5 p.m., Tuesday throughSunday.Bacon Hall, on the hill side of theCampanile, dates back to 1881 and is nowenjoying its final days. Its extensive collections of minerals and ores, along withpaleontology exhibits from the HearstMining Building, soon are to be movedto the new Earth Sciences Building. Bothbuildings are open 8 to 5 weekdays, anduntil noon time on Saturdays.

Other exhibits of interest are in CoryHall and the Life Sciences Building. Anddon't miss the library, with its DrakePlate and Codex Fernandez Leal, a preSpanish Mexican Indian document. Itopens at 1 p.m. on Sundays.

The Art Gallery currently is displaying paintings from the Whitney museumand is open 12 to 6 daily. Happy holiday!

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5/7

Service ExpansionsDistrict Continues toGive Improved Transit

A number of service expansions werepu t into effect by AC Transit during themonth, in line with a continuing seriesof improvements.

Direct transbay express service between the Berkeley hill area and SanFrancisco was increased from four tofive morning trips by the addition of anexpress bus to the F - Berkeley line. Thenew schedule leaves Grizzly Peak Blvd.and Spruce St. at 7:41 a.m., arriving inSan Francisco at 8:27 a.m.Service to the Fairway Park area ofHayward on the new 32- San LorenzoExpress was increased by an additionalmorning trip leaving Fairway Park at5:49 a.m. Another new trip leaves Fairway Park at 3:33 p.m.

During the afternoon and eveningcommuter hours, express buses leavingGrand Ave. and Broadway in Oaklandbeginning at 1:56 p.m. were extendedthrough to Fairway Park.Residents of Berkeley's Grizzly Peakarea and along Euclid Ave., also receivedimproved service through extension tothe 75-Grizzly Peak line.

The extension gave residents of thehill area direct service to the downtownBerkeley business area. It also doubledthe bus operations along Euclid Ave.,giving riders in that district a bus alongEuclid every 15 minutes.

The change takes the 75 bus from itsprevious terminal at Euclid and GrizzlyPeak Blvd., down Euclid to Hearst Ave.,to Shattuck Ave., to Addison to EastShattuck to University. Earlier servicealso was provided.Extension of the 77- Piedmont Pinesline also became effective during the8

NEW SERVICE-Ann Castle explains 77-Piedmont Pines extension to Mrs. JamesF. Wemmer of 2 Waldeck Court whileKaren,S, a nd David Wemmer, 3, listen in.month. The new route extended the linefrom Ascot Dr. and Skyline Blvd. alongSkyline to Castle Dr., returning to Ascotalong Melville Dr.

Evening commuter service from downtown Hayward to San Leandro and EastOakland was expanded with the addition of five extra schedules to the new30-San Leandro Express.

The expansions, made at the requestof store employees in the Hayward area,added buses at 5:45,5:55, 6:10, 6:30 and6:55 p.m. for the 18-minute trip to SanLeandro .

The extra buses operate over the regular route to Davis St. in San Leandro,then continue westbound on East 14thSt. as far as Seminary Ave .

Morning express service on the L -Richmond line was further increasedfrom six to seven bus trips, providingmore frequent non-stop express service.The new schedule leaves the end of theline at 6:37 a.m., arriving in San Francisco at 7:20 a.m.

7 t m ~ 4t,eie ~ 4 t Maintenance Superintendent Keeps

Buses and Ball Team in Top FormI f you want to see a championshipbaseball team-and a championship manager in about equal action, take a Sun

day afternoon to visit Washington Parkin Alameda.You'll not only see top flight baseball,bu t some top flight managing in theCasey Stengel fashion, with A. R. "Tony"Lucchesi, maintenance superintendent atDivision 4, as the man behind the voice.Quiet, likeable, efficient and one of theoutstanding veterans in the transportfield, Tony is equally notable in baseballcircles. But with a liberal sprinkling ofdynamite, according to some of the telltale friends who have seen him in action.A baseball player since high schooldays, Tony, on the diamond, can yell,kick dirt, take on the umpire and sparkhis boys on to their outstanding recordwith the best of them. To good avail.Since he switched from second baseto managership of the Southern PacificStores semi-pro team in 1955, Tonv'sboys have won the Northern Californiachampionship three times, in 1956, 1958and 1960.He's also had 15 players sign pro sincehe took over, a good indication of thecaliber of the playing you can expect inthe Sunday 2 p.m. games.A native of Oakland, Tony, 45, playedmemorable basketball and baseball atCastlemont High.After graduation he went to work forKey System as a cleaner, turning downa chance to play pro baseball with onlyslight regrets. He figures this way he'shad his cake and eaten it, too.He's tallied almost 28 years in transit,taking over as superintendent of maintenance in 1946. There was time out in

World War II when he served as a staffsergeant in New Guinea, the Philippinesand Australia.Tony's played a lot of ball since schooldays and with or against some of thebest of them, including Cookie Lavagetto, Bill Rigney and Joe DiMaggio.

He also shoots golf in the low '80's andholds a bowling average of 172. He'srightfully proud of the rest of the familyat 30556 Treeview St., Hayward-hiswife and four children, Ronnie, 13; twindaughters Marlene and Nancy, 12; andLynn, 6.Tony also tells an hilarious story, according to repute, about one of the kidsputting a cat in the washing machine.Worth hearing, even it it isn't true.

DUGOUT VET-Tony Lucchesi (right) givesbatting instruction to player Fred Haller.


6/7

New Drivers Welcomed to District LinesThe welcome mat was out this monthfor 18 new bus operators, assigned as

follows:Division 2P. B. Overton, 5124 Wall Ave., Richmond; R. M. Dickinson, 685 EI CentroRoad, EI Sobrante; L. H. Abrao, 700 18thSt., Richmond; A. C. Wisniewski, 1911San Benito Ave., Richmond; R. J. Sterling, 1419 Bissell Ave., Richmond.Division 3M. O. Huff, 1089 57th St., Oakland ;C. W. Brown, 3844 La Colina Rd., EISobrante.

Retraining CourseGiven to Operators

Operators throughout the district havebeen taking a retraining course underdirection of G. G. Wadsworth, safety engineer, in a move to cu t down on anincreasing number of accidents.

The sharp increase in traffic and passenger accidents, boosted by new equipment and new routes, can seriously affectthe success of district operations, according to a personal letter sent to all thedrivers from Wadsworth.

The retraining course is being given tosmall groups of drivers, approximately 10at a time, throughout the district. Alongwith covering the basic cause of accidents, the course includes a factual demonstration with a new coach to show howthe equipment differs in safety measuresfrom older buses.

The high number of accidents causedby riders unfamiliar with boarding newequipment has leveled off, Wadsworthsaid, bu t passenger accidents due toemergency stops and sideswipe accidentsare still unusually high.10

Division 4B. R. James, 556 Colby St., San Lorenzo; T. A. Bodine, 1406 41st Ave., Oakland; B. J. Loden, 50 Church St., SanFrancisco; W . R. Grace, 1398 Santa RosaSt., San Leandro; W. H. Butler, 116116th St., Oakland; J. A. Carpentier, 247

Newton St., Hayward; R. G. Wilfong,2469 63rd St., Oakland; o. J. Fuchs, 202689th Ave., Oakland; C. W . Greenwood,307 Harris Rd . , Hayward; D . L. Pruitt,P. O. Box 574, Hayward; V. W. Parker,951 Lynn Court San Lorenzo.

IN MEMORIAMRobert Fits, 77, who entered service in 1920 and worked some 28years as an operator before he waspensioned in 1948, died March 28.His home was at 5727 Vicente St.,Oakland.William C. Bramstedt, who would

have been 86 on April 23, diedApril 3. He resided at 865 54th St.,Oakland, and entered service April2, 1903. He was foreman of maintenance at Central Division whenhe retired in 1946.Francis D. Mighell, 79, veteranstreet car operator, died April l.He came to work in 1919 and retired in 1953. He lived at 1029 73rdAve., Oakland.

Robert E. Little, 86, familar tomany commuters as a ticket collector at the Transbay Transit Terminal, died April 4. He went to workfor Key System in 1929 and retiredin 1958. His home was at 1725 La-nier Ave. , San Leandro.Michael Geraghty, 83, of 3825Market St., who started as a motorma n in 1920 with Key System, diedApril 8. He was working as a faregate tender at the terminal when heretired in 1949.

Express Signs Mark Stops For PublicStart of the East Bay's first express

meant extra work in all departments andan extra sign posting job for workmen,bu t it was paying off this month as newriders discovered the speed of directinter-city service.

Crewmen posted red and white express signs to mark passenger stops onth e four routes. Timetables also wereprinted on the posters to acquaint thepublic with the fast service.

As customers learned about the ex-Two Retiring Veterans

Honored at luncheonTwo veterans of the maintenance de

partment were given a special luncheonas the first members of the maintenancedivision to retire since AC Transit tookover from Key System Transit Lines.One was John Branco, 65, who in 36years of service worked as a track walker

and ferry boat apron tender before joining the utility service crew at Division 4.Carrying on for the family is his son,John, who works in the general unitroom at Division 2.Retiring with Branco 011 May 1 is StevePryschuk, 70, who has been a painter atDivision 2 during his 28 years of service.J. B. Rice, maintenance manager forthe district, was luncheon host. Otherguests included E. A. Towers, generalsuperintendent of automotive maintenance at Division 2, and A. R. Lucchesi,maintenance superintendent at Div. 4.

Emil Scala, maintenance departmentbusiness agent and vice president ofCarmen's Division 192, complimentedthe district for "the friendship expressedby the retirement luncheon."EXPRESS STOPS - Maintenance workersF. S. Hodge (top) and D. S. Williams postsigns for new express runs.

press, patronage climbed, doubling between opening day and the next andgaining in like percentages since.


7/7

At an adjourned regular meetingMarch 22, 1961, the Board of Directors: Approved boundaries and fares fora new transit zone in Hayward south ofTennyson Rd., on motion of Director Coburn. Authorized members of board of directors and staff to attend regional meeting of American Transit Association onmotion of Director McDonnell. ' Approved extensions to Lines 7 -Arlington Ave., 75-Grizzly Peak and77-Piedmont Pines, on motion of Director Coburn. Agreed to form and content of fi-nancial reports on district operation tobe submitted periodically to board ofdirectors, on motion of Director McDonnell.

Approved appointment of Cooperative Personnel Services of the CaliforniaState Personnel Board to conduct jobclassification and salary range study, onmotion of Director Deadrich. Declared as surplus 189 White busesand authorized the General Manager tonegotiate for their sale, on motion of Director Barber.

* * *At a regular meeting April 5 1961,the Board of Directors: Opened two bids for the manufacture of new bus tokens and referred theproposals to the General Manager for

TRANSIT TIMESAlameda-Contra Costa Transit District1106 BroadwayOakland 7, California

Form 3547 Requested

TRANSIT TIMESPublished monthly by the

ALAMEDA-CONTRA TRANSIT DISTRICT11

s ,QaldT.1e

BOARD OF DIRECTORSWM. J. BETTENCOURT . PresidentWard IVROBERT M. COPELAND . . . Vice PresidentDirector at LorgeROBERT K. BARBER . , Director at LargeWILLIAM H. COBURN, JR. Ward IWILLIAM E. BERK Ward IIJOHN McDONNELL Ward II IPAUL E. DEADRICH Ward V

ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICERSJOHN R. WORTHINGTON Genera l ManagerROBERT E. NISBET . . . AttorneyJOHN F. LARSON . Treasurer .ControlierGEORGE M. TAYLOR. . . Secretary~ 1 0

review, by direction of President Bettencourt Heard representatives of Montclairarea on petition for district operation ofschool bus service. (Details, Page 1). Authorized the General Manager tocommit funds up to $3,000 for items ofcapital outlay, on motion of DirectorBarber.

More InformationA note or phone call to the transit district-OLympic 3-3535-will place yourname on the mailing list fm Transit Timesif you are not already regularly receivinga copy of the monthly newsletter.BULK RATE

U.S. POSTAGEPAIDOakland, Calif.

Permit No . 2105

transit times volume 3, number 12e

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