transla tia
DESCRIPTION
BIO.TRANSCRIPT
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Translaţia –
biosinteza
proteinelor
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Expresia genelor
ADN ARNm Proteină5’-ATTGCAAGATTACCATGT-3’ Catena codogenă (netranscrisă)
3’-TAACGTTCTAATGGTACA-5’ Catena anticodogenă (transcrisă)
Transcripţie (ARN-polimeraza)
5’-AUUGCAAGAUUACCAUGU-3’ AR!
Translaţie (ARNt, pe ribozomi)
"e# – Ala – Arg – "e# – $ro – C%s polipeptid
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T$
Transcripţie
Trans&er#l R$ 'n citoplas!ă
tapele epresiei genelor de clasa ** * * *A+
proAR!
Processing -#l AR!
AR! ,eGppp AAAAAAAAAAAAA..........
Translaţie
Con&or!aţia proteinei
,eGppp AAAAAAAAAAAAA..........
$roteină
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Etape Factori responsabili ProdusLocul
desfăşurării
Transcripţia ADN ARN-polimeraza II +TF II !A!" ## Pre-ARNm Nucleu
Procesing-ul ARNma$ %AP-area
b$ Poliadenilareac$ Splicing -ul
&uanilat-transferazaEndonuceaza
PoliA-sintetaza'pliceosoma ()-*
ARNm Nucleu
Transferul ARNm
Proteine transferineediatori , liand.poliA$ + receptor .pr#por$
RNP.informasoma$ N %
Translaţia ARNm - cod enetic ARNtRibosomi
Polipeprid %itoplasmă
Maturizareaproteinei
Transferaze%/aperoni
Proteinăbioloic acti0ă %itoplasmă
Etapele expresiei genelor structurale(de clasa ! la eucariote
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Translaţia reprezintă procesul molecular de
decodificare a secvenţei polinucleotidice
din ARNm prin sinteza lanţurilor
polipeptidice de aminoacizi (= biosinteza
matricială a proteinei)
5-A!"#AA!!!"#AA#"!"AA!!-$ ARNm
%et - "ln - &'e - Ala - T'r &olipeptid
Translaţie (ARt)
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Principiile translaţiei
1 decodificarea ARNm .codului enetic$ 2n direc3ia45 , 65
1 A(& , codonul de ini3iere
1 (A& sau (&A sau (AA , codoni 'T7P
1 realizată de ARNt după principiul
complementarită3ii1 sinteza polipeptidului 2n direc3ia N89 , %778
1 desfăşurată pe ribozomi
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Cod#l genetic
- !niversal
- Triplet
- pecific
-e*enerat
- Nesuprapus
- +ără vir*ule
- A!"
iniţiator
-
!A", !"A,
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Aparatul de translaţie"
ARNm # matriţă pentru sinteza polipeptidului
ARNt # translatorii codului genetic
Ri$ozomi # sediul translaţiei
Aminoacizi # unităţi de polimerizare
Aminoacil-ARNt-sintetaze
%actori proteici ai translaţiei
ATP& 'TP
oni Mg& )a
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ARN mesager
%APul -
'ec0en3a lider -
'ec0en3a translată -
'ec0en3a netranslată 65-
'ec0en3a Poli.A$ -
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G5’ppp5’AUCCAAUGUUGCAACGUUGAAUUCGAAAAAA-3’
Translaţie (ARNt)et – "e# – Gln – Arg polipeptid
et "e# Gln Arg
UAC AAC GUU GCA
/ 0 3 1 2T$
/ 0 3 1
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ARNt
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Riboso!ii
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Aminoacid
Leăturapeptidică
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Acti*area ARNtARNt aa
Aminoacil-ARNt
Aminoacil-ARNt-sintetaza
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tapele translaţiei.
*niţierea4 formarea comple/ului de iniţiereARNt%et0ARNm012032
longarea4 alun*irea polipeptidului
Ter!inarea4 T4& codon 0 disocierea
aparatului de translaţie
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niţierea translaţiei
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Elongarea translaţiei
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Terminarea translaţiei
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Maturizarea proteinei
6 #onformaţia obţinerea formei spaţiale76 Asocierea polipeptidului sintetizat cu alte
polipeptide proteine comple/e
$6 %odificări calitative ale polipeptidului.
- reversibile (acetilarea, fosforilarea)8
- permanente (*licozilarea, adău*arealipidelor, clivarea proteolitică)8
16 9nteracţiunea cu cofactori (+e++, :n00666)
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-Se desfăşoară pe ribosomi, în interfaza ciclului celular
- Fiecare aminoacid este codicat de un triplet denucleotide
-Citirea informaţiei şi descifrarea se desfăşoară îndirecţia 5‘ - 3‘
- Sinteza polipeptidului se desfăşoară datorită formăriile!ăturilor peptidice
- "niţierea translaţiei # cu codonul $%&
- Creşterea lanţului polipeptidic are loc numai într-odirecţie şi se termină cu unul din cei trei codoni S'()
)olipeptidul nou sintetizat suferă o serie de modicări
Translaţia