Meaning in Translation

By Sinung Eko Raharjo (10420110)Irpan Subhan Ansori (10420354)

T R A N S L A T I O N 1

o Nida A word has some different meanings within. o Alwasilah Meaning is behind the wordo Firth Meaning is total network of relations entered into

by any linguistic form—text, item-in-text, structure, element of structure, class, term in system—or whatever it may be.

o Bell Meaning is the kingpin of translation.

Definitions

Larson

Reference meaningMeaning which directly refers to object, occurrence, attribute, or a certain visible or describable relation

Linguistic contextual meaningMeaning which is organized in semantic structure

Situational meaningTextual messages meaning delivered from communicative situation

Kinds of Meaning

Example

SL: The woman is sitting on the chair. She will chair the meeting

TL: Wanita itu sedang duduk di kursi. Dia akan memimpin pertemuan.

Catford

Formal relationsRelations between one formal item and

others in the same language. Contextual relations

The relationship of grammatical or lexical items to linguistically relevant elements in the situation in which the items operates as, or in, text.

Leech

Conceptual meaningA word can be conceptually organized in terms of

contrastive features. Connotative meaning

The communicative value an expression has by virtue of what it refers to, over and above its purely conceptual content. Stylistic meaning

Meaning refers to its use Affective meaning Meaning is often explicitly conveyed through connotative or conceptual content of the words used. This meaning means to arise an impact to addressee.

Reflected meaningThe meaning which arises in the case of

multiple conceptual meaning, when one sense of a word forms part of our response to another sense

Collective meaningMeaning which arises by means of word

gathering.

Thematic meaningWhat is communicated by the way in which

a speaker or writer organizes the message, in the term of ordering, focus, and emphasizes

Prof Soemarno

• Lexical meaning• grammatical meaning • situational or contextual meaning• textual meaning• socio-cultural meaning• implied meaning

• Lexical meaningLexical meaning is the property of language elements out of its context and use.

miss = nona, absen, rindu, kehilangan, dll• Grammatical meaning

Grammatical meaning is the relationship of language elements in greater unit, for instance, the relations between a word and others in a group or clause.

Society have missed their thrust toward law.They miss peaceful life without abuse and

violation. • Situational or contextual meaning

Contextual or situational meaning is the relations between utterance and situation in which the utterance is used.

Example

Example

• Textual meaningTextual meaning is meaning in relation to a text.Example:‘Citizen are obliged to obey only if the government protects their human rights, which are morally prior to and above the claims and interests of the government’. (kepentingan)

• socio-cultural meaningSocio-cultural meaning is the meaning in relation to the socio-culture of the language user.

Example

• Implied meaningImplied meaning is the meaning which is not directly written or spoken by language user. Usually, the meaning has it own sense, such as to refine, to remind, or to tease. Example:‘I shall in all my best obey you, madam’ Example

Magdy M. Zaky

• Referential Meaning• Connotative Meaning/ Associated Meaning

• Referential MeaningZaky (2005) mentions that referential meaning is also Meaning and translation known as ‘the meaning of reference, is often referred to as the "referential" meaning, the "lexical" meaning, the "conceptual" meaning, or the "denotative“ meaning’.

A translator must be aware of any markers appear in the text. There are two markers that can be used to give meaning of words, syntactic marking and semotac marking.

• Syntactic marking In some cases, the meaning of a word is governed by their grammatical.

He picked up a stone. They will stone him.She has a beautiful face. He’ll face the audience. He fell in the water. Please, water the garden!

Example

• Semotac marking Meaning of a word is also determined by its relationship with other words in a certain context. In other words, semotac environment differentiates meaning.

Horse runs fast. The water runs through the path.

Example

• Connotative Meaning Understanding meaning of a word is not

merely based on the referred object of the word. Sometimes, a translator also needs to give emotional reaction to the word.

There are three main principles to understand connotative meaning. They are:

• The relationship between the word and the speaker

When certain words become very closely related with certain types of speakers, this will be well accepted by the member of the group. For examples are words which are used and understood by members of certain social class, level of education, and religion.

• Condition of the speaker

The same word expressed by the same speaker but in different condition or setting may rise different connotative meaning.

• Linguistic factor Parallel words which are always in pairs with other words give differentvarious connotations. The word ‘green’, for example, when it is in pair with the following words have different meaning.

• green with envy cemburu • green at the gills pucat • a green worker pekerja baru • a green fruit buah yang masih muda

T H A N K S