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TRANSLATION PROCEDURES OF ENGLISH-INDONESIAN SUBTITLE
IN PEANUTS MOVIE
A Thesis
Submitted to Faculty of Adab and Humanities in Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree of Strata One
NAWAFI EL BIKRI
1113026000024
ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF LETTERS AND HUMANITIES
STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH
JAKARTA
2017
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ABSTRACT
Nawafi El Bikri, Translation Procedures of English-Indonesian Subtitle in
Peanuts Movie. A Thesis: English Letters Department, Adab and Humanities
Faculty, State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, 2017.
This research was aimed at finding out the translation procedures in
English-Indonesian subtitle of Peanuts movie thatfocused on the subtitling
translation. The researcher took Charlie Brown’s dialogue for the corpus of the
research.
A qualitative method study was used as a conceptual framework for
collecting the data. In order to systematically conduct the study, one hundred and
twelve of Charlie brown’s dialogue in the Peanuts movie were selected by using
sampling method as used thirty sample of data to analyze.
The findings obtained from the analysis show that there are eleven
translation procedures used in the film subtitle based on Newmark theory, those
are: literal, transference, cultural equivalent, shift, compensation, reduction,
modulation, expansion, paraphrase and the combination of procedures such as
couplets and triplets. Finally, from the result of the research, the further study
about subtitle translation is expected to conduct more comprehensive analysis of
its translation procedures.
Keyword:Translation, Subtitle Translation, Audio Visual Translation,
Translation Procedure
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APPROVEMENT
TRANSLATION PROCEDURES OF ENGLISH-INDONESIAN SUBTITLE
IN PEANUTS MOVIE
A Thesis
Submitted to Faculty of Adab and Humanities
In Partial of the Requirements for the Degree of Strata One
NAWAFI EL BIKRI
NIM: 1113026000024
Approved by:
Moh. Supardi, M. Hum.
NIP: 19760602 201411 1 003
(Day/Date: )
ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF ADAB AND HUMANITIES
STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH
JAKARTA
2017
iii
LEGALIZATION
iv
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that this submission is my own word and that, to the best
of my knowledge and belief. It contains no material previously published written
by another person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for
the award of any other degree or diploma of university or other institute of higher
learning, except where due acknowledgment has been made in text.
Jakarta, September 2017
Nawafi El Bikri
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
All praises and gratitudes to Allah SWT, the great lord of the universe,
Who has given the researcher guidance and strength. Thus he could accomplish
this research. Blessing and salutation are always offered to our role model,
prophet Muhammad SAW, his family, his companions and his adherents. May
peace always be upon him, who has guided us from the age of darkness to the
world of lightness.
First of all, the researcher would like to express his gratitude to his beloved
parents, A. Sukmayadi and Cucun Sunoarti, also his brothers, Naufal El R. and
Ryhan Maulana with his sister, Naila Aufa for all their spiritually and financially
support and also their advice, patience and prayers. The researcher also would like
to express his sincere to his advisor, Mr. Moh. Supardi, M.Hum., who always
gives his guidance, critique, encouragements and teach the researcher to finish this
research patiently.
In addition, the researcher would like to give his gratitude and appreciation to
this following person and friends:
1. Prof. Dr. Syukron Kamil, M.Hum., the Dean of Humanities Faculty.
2. Drs. Saefudin, M.Pd., the Head of English Department.
3. Elve Oktafiyani, M.Hum., the Secretary of English Department.
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4. The researcher’s friends, Watermelon Band, Cidamar Squad,
CROWSA, Apadah squad, KKN Atlantis 2016, Translation class, ELD
2013 and Kosan inun squad, thanks for the moments, endless support and
motivation.
5. All lecturers of English Letters Department.
6. All people and friends who helped researcher to finish his study that
cannot be mentioned.
In brief, the researcher hopes this research can be useful to the reader.
Suggestion and criticisms will be accepted in case to improve this research.
Bogor, September 2017
The researcher
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................... i
APPROVEMENT .......................................................................................................... ii
LEGALIZATION .......................................................................................................... iii
DECLARATION ........................................................................................................... iv
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ................................................................................................ v
TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................................ vii
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Research .......................................................................... 1
B. Focus of the Research ..................................................................................... 4
C. Research Question ......................................................................................... 4
D. Objective of the Research ............................................................................. 4
E. Significance of the Research .......................................................................... 5
F. Research Methodology .................................................................................. 5
1. Method of the research ................................................................... 5
2. Technique of the data analysis ....................................................... 5
3. Instrument of the research .............................................................. 6
4. Unit of the analysis......................................................................... 6
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CHAPTER II. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
A. Previous Research ........................................................................................................ 7
B. Definition of translation ................................................................................ 8
C. Process of translation ...................................................................................... 9
D. Theories of translation .................................................................................. 11
E. Translation Procedures ................................................................................ 14
F. Subtitling theories ...................................................................................................... 19
CHAPTER III. RESEARCH FINDINGS
A. Data Description .............................................................................................. 24
B. Data Analysis .................................................................................................. 25
CHAPTER IV. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
A. Conclusions .................................................................................................... 48
B. Suggestions ..................................................................................................... 49
BIBLIOGRAPHY ......................................................................................................... 50
APPENDICES .............................................................................................................. 52
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Research
Translation has purpose to make the audience understand about the
message and information delivered by the author. The result of translation is
considered successful if the translated text can provide similar meaning to the
original text (Newmark 48). It will be difficult because there will be a differences
between language and culture system in source language and the target language.
This translation process can be done to translating a film. Actually, there
are two kind of methods needed to facilitate the communication between the
viewers and the film, namely subtitling and dubbing (voice-over). Subtitle is the
result of a film script translation from the source language to target language and
generally displayed on the bottom of the movie screen. While, Dubbing is a
process to change the sound or audio from the source language to the target
language by the person that called Dubber. Subtitle more desirable because they
do not eliminate the essence of a film.
Utterance in film is a sentence or part of sentence that expressed orally.
Utterances are very important in a movie because it has role to describe and
provide an event, process, and state. Besides, translation also has two types of
language, there are source language and target language. The language that will be
translated is called source language and the language that has been translated is
called the target language. Translation must concern about the contextual
meaning, the grammar of the languages, coherence, and their idioms.
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The message and ideas who conveyed by the filmmaker may be
interpreted differently by each translator. So that, the capacity of a translator will
be tested as how well he or she represents the idea and the message from the
source language to target language in a subtitle. Therefore, it needs the translation
procedures as a basic reference in translation activities. Translation procedures is
one aspect that is very important and it becomes the most method or way to be
learned and applied to the various sources that use foreign languages such as
English and other languages, in this case is subtitle film. According to Newmark
(5) translation is shift meaning process of one language into another language
according to what is intended by the author. In this case, the translator is act as the
bridge between the source language and the target language. So, the process of
delivering meaning from one language to other language can be conveyed
properly. Some translators often found a fact that they have a stiff translation
when they are following the structure of the source language. And another
problem is translators does not meet the equivalences and miss the context in their
translation work. As a result, when a reader found a translation result that has
been translated and not fulfill the proportionality would become elusive and
difficult to understand. In translation activities, translator must translate the
culture of the source language to the target language and this means translator has
to find the correspondences between two cultures in two different countries.
This research will discuss about the translation procedures used in
English-Indonesian subtitle of Charlie Brown’s dialogue in Peanuts Movie, which
is a 2015 American 3D computer-animated comedy distributed by 20th
century
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fox, based on Charles M. Schulz’s comic strip Peanuts. This film has received
nominations for Annie awards for Best Animated Features and Golden Globe
Award for Best Animated Featured Film. Overall, this film quality is good and
received positives review from critics and grossed $246 million worldwide.
Here is an example of Charlie Brown’s dialogue in subtitle of Peanuts Movie.
SL: She is too heavy to lift.
TL: Dia terlalu berat untuk diangkat.
The sentence above is translated by using one type of translation procedures
called modulation or shift meaning by replacing the active meaning in source
language to be passive in target language. Translator used shift because it does not
find an appropriate match in target language, according to Newmark (82) shift
shall be adopted when equality of word or phrase in the source language is not
found in target language, so it is necessary to use shift to create an equivalence
meaning. Based on the example above, the researcher chooses the subtitle of
Peanuts Movie as the corpus of studies using the theory of translation by Peter
Newmark as references.
The researcher would like to give additional information to the reader
about the types of translation procedures and how it applied in Peanuts Movie.
Along this research, there will be known the types of procedures in subtitle and
provide information about translation procedures. The researcher wants to find the
translation procedures of Charlie Brown’s dialogue in Peanuts Movie by Steve
Martino and subtitle downloaded from www.subscene.com. The researcher is
interested to analyze this movie because Peanuts Movie is already known in the
world wide from some versions such as comic and cartoon. Therefore, this film is
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children allocated, which is make the diction fresher than adult. As we knew that
children have a different vocabulary from adult people. That would be unique
thing when this film translated into Indonesian as a target language and can be
analyzed by translation procedures.
B. Focus of the Research
The researcher will focus only on the translation procedures of Charlie
Brown’s dialogue in English-Indonesian subtitle of Peanuts Movie. This
limitation on certain aspects of translation is expected to support researcher to
have a wider and deeper understanding on translation procedures and get the
actual meaning of Charlie Brown’s dialogue in English-Indonesian subtitle of
Peanuts Movie based on the theory of Newmark.
C. Research Questions
Based on the explanation above, the following questions will be examined:
1. What type of translation procedures does translator often use in Charlie
Brown’s utterances in English-Indonesian subtitle of Peanuts Movie?
2. Why does the subtitler apply the translation procedures of English-
Indonesian subtitle translation in Charlie Brown’s utterances in Peanuts
Movie based on the theory of Newmark.
D. Objective of the Research
Based on the research question above, the following objectives to be achieved:
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1. To determine the type of translation procedures that are used in translating
Charlie Brown’s dialogue in English-Indonesian subtitle of Peanuts
Movie.
2. The study is intended to analyze why the translation procedures of
English-Indonesian subtitle translation applied in Charlie Brown’s
dialogue in Peanuts Movie based on the theory of Newmark.
E. Significance of the Research
This study is expected to provide an expanded view of translation in
subtitled films and provide another perspective of translation procedures and the
types its self. This study could be an additional reference for readers when they
will make the translation or research by using subtitle film as its object.
F. Research Methodology
1. Method of the Research
This study is a qualitative research relying on verbal and non-numeric data
as the basic analysis to solving problem that under review (Farkhan 10).
Researcher tried to explain the type of translation procedures which is found in the
subtitle of Peanuts Movie. Then, researcher analyzes data from the source
language into the Indonesian language and explaining the reasons which reinforce
the analytical results obtained.
2. Technique of the Data Analysis
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The data that have been collected will be analyzed qualitatively with the
following steps: first, the researcher took the data from the utterances of Charlie
Brown in Peanuts Movie and analyzed the data result that has been marked and
observed based on the theory of Newmark. Second, the researcher gives
descriptions of the types of translation procedures which is found. Third,
researcher made the conclusion according to the finding of research.
3. Instrument of the Research
Researcher act as a main instrument to get the data in the study by
watching, marking and analyzing the data of Charlie Brown’s dialogue in Peanuts
Movie that using translation procedures based on the theory of Newmark and
other experts.
4. Unit of the Analysis
The analysis unit of this study is the dialogue of Charlie Brown in Peanuts
Movie. A film by Steve Martino, written by Craig and Bryan Schulz and released
by Blue Sky Studio Production House, United States in 2015 with 88 minutes
running time and English language. The source language is English and researcher
has download the Indonesian subtitles of Peanuts Movie on www.subscene.com
as the target language.
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CHAPTER II
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
A. Previous Research
The study of translation procedures in film subtitling has been already
conducted by some previous researchers. The first research is entitled “An
Analysis of Translation Procedures in the Subtitle of Perfume” by Tresna Dinda in
2010. This previous research focuses on the translation procedures in subtitle of
the movie. The position between this study and this previous research is that the
researcher of this study use utterances in subtitle of Peanuts Movie as the corpus
while this previous research uses the subtitle text of “Perfume” movie. This study
analyzes the translation procedures of subtitling while this previous research only
focuses on the translation procedures of subtitling without mentioning the
language units. Both of this study and this previous research uses the framework
proposed by Newmark as a main theory. Based on the research, the most used
translation procedures in this previous research is literal translation. Researcher
used some types of translation procedures that are declared by Newmark, Vinay
and Darbelnet, Harvey, Catford, Larson, Dryden in Munday and Gottlieb in
Taylor without mentioning the language units that were used, whether it was in
the form of words, phrases, or sentences. Therefore, the thesis only covers the
translation procedures in the subtitle text of “Perfume” movie while this study
focused on the subtitling of utterances in Peanuts Movie.
Radiant Mahaputra (2016) discuses similar thing in his thesis entitled
“Translation Procedures and Meaning Equivalence in Indonesian Subtitle of
Animated Movie Snoopy and Charlie Brown”. The position between this study
and this previous research are that the researcher of this study uses dialogue in
subtitle of Peanuts Movie as the corpus while the previous research uses only
subtitle of Snoopy and Charlie brown. The previous study directs to find the
translation procedures found in every scene of the movie that has been translated
in Peanuts movie through English subtitle into Indonesian subtitles while this
study is focuses in dialogue to make a deeply research. The previous research
used a descriptive qualitative method to achieve the purpose of this study and
describe the phenomenon of translation. The unit of analysis of this previous
research is every scene, which have one until four translation procedures in each
data and classify into sixteen procedures to follow through the equivalence found
in The Peanuts movie subtitle. The source language is English and the target
language is Indonesian as the data to be analyzed. The results of this research
show the use of the combination of procedures. Therefore, the previous study is
not focus on equivalence nor procedures while this study is focuses on translation
procedures in dialogue of Peanuts Movie.
B. Definition of Translation
Translation process has become a common activity along with the
increasing of global communication which requires the transfer of language.
However, this transferring process must possess equivalences as an element which
is very important in translation process and sometimes there is difference in
language construction which made the equivalence is very hard to get. The
difficulty of syntactic faced by translator is how to maintain the construction of
English sentence, including ellipsis and word order (Sayogie 58).
According to Newmark (5), translation is perceived as rendering the
meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended the
text. Translation can be defined as a translating process of written or spoken
language from one language into another language by interpreting the meaning of
those language to make the readers more understand without reducing the
message and information delivered by the authors. Munday (7) define translation
as:
1. The process of transferring a written text from SL to TL, conducted by a
translator, or translators, in a specific socio-cultural context.
2. The written product, or TT, which results from that process and which
functions in the socio-cultural context of the TL.
3. The cognitive, linguistic, visual, cultural and ideological phenomena
which are an integral part of 1 and 2.
In brief, translation can be concluded as a process of rendering a thought
from one language to another language accurately in a written form by
conforming its grammar, syntax, and cultural aspect.
C. Process of Translation
Munday (5) defines the process of translation as act of producing the
translation, or known as translating. Newmark (19- 25) proposes three ways of
translating as follow:
1. Choosing a method of approach whether the translator will translate the
source text sentence by sentence for the first paragraph or chapter, to get
the feel and the feeling tone of the text; or translate the source text after
reading the whole text two or three times, and finding intention, register,
tone, mark the difficult words and passages, then start translating when the
translator has taken their bearing.
2. Translating the translation with four levels, those are:
a. The SL text level (the textual level). In this level, the translator starts
to translate the SL to the TL by using literal translation and transposes
the SL grammar (clauses and groups) into the TL equivalents, then
translates the lexical unit into the appropriate sense.
b. The referential level. In this level, the translator visualizes and builds
up the essential parts of the text, both of the comprehension and the
reproduction process. In other words, the translator gains the
perspective from the language.
c. The cohesive level. This level follows both of the structure and the
moods of the text. At this level, the translator reconsiders the lengths
of the paragraphs and the sentences, the formulation of the title, and
the tone of the conclusion to summarize an argument at the beginning
of a final sentence.
d. The level of naturalness. In this level, the translator attempts to make
the translation of common language appropriate to the writer or the
speaker in a certain situation. In other words, the translation product is
making sense and following the grammatical structure.
3. Revising the procedure of the translation which constitutes at least half of
the complete process.
D. Theories of Translation
1. The Skopos Theory
There are two main theories of translation; those are skopos theory and
equivalence theory. Skopos is a theory of translation that was proposed by the
German translator, Hans J. Vermeer in 1978 (Munday 78). Skopos is the Greek
word for ‘aim’ or ‘purpose’. It focuses on the purpose of translation (Munday
79).The sender is responsible for specifying intention and by using a text he tries
to achieve a purpose. Jensen (15) says that according to the skopos theory, all
texts are perceived as serving a specific purpose. Therefore, the translator should
translate in a way which enables the text to function in the situation that is used
and with the people who want to use it. Reiss and Vermeer formulated their theory
by use of six rules (Munday 79). These are:
a. A target text (TT) is determined by its skopos. It means that the purpose of the
TT is the main determinant for the chosen translation methods and strategies.
These methods and strategies are used to produce a functionally adequate or
appropriate result (Jensen 15).
b. A TT is an offer of information in a target culture and TL concerning an offer
of information in a source culture and SL.
c. A TT does not initiate an offer if information in a clearly reversible way.
d. A TT must be internally coherent. It means that the TT must be coherent for
the TT receivers. The receiver must be able to understand the TT, and the TT
has to be meaningful in the communicative situation and target culture
(Jensen 16).
e. A TT must be coherent with the ST. It means that there must be coherence
between the ST information received by the translator, the interpretation the
translator makes of this information and the information that is encoded for
the TT receivers.
f. The five rules above stand in hierarchical order, with the skopos
predominating.
2. The Equivalence Theory
Equivalence is a key concept in a translation theory of the 1960s and
1970s which defines as the connection of translational between an entire ST and a
TT in a degree of correspondence between the texts or the text units
(Munday185). It means that the translation will have the same value as (some
aspect of) the ST. Sometimes the value is on the level of form, on the level of
reference, or on the level of function (Pym 273). For instance, in the level of form,
two words of source language are translated by two words in target language, such
as “puppy love” which is translated into “cinta monyet” in Indonesian. In the level
of reference, Sunday is always the day before Monday. In the level of function,
black is a sign for a color of death in West, but in East, the color of death is white.
According to Jakobson in Munday (37), equivalence focuses on the
structure and terminology of language rather than any inability of target language
to render a message from source language. Furthermore, Nida in Bassnett (34)
divides equivalence into two types; those are formal equivalence and dynamic
equivalence. Formal equivalence focuses on the message itself, in both form and
content. It concerns with the formal relationship between ST and TT structures,
such as when a noun phrase in the ST is substituted by a noun phrase in the TT. It
is also called by a “gloss translation” which aims to allow the reader to understand
the SL context as much as possible.
On the other hand, dynamic equivalence is based on the principle of
equivalent effect, where the relationship between receiver and message should
aim at being the same as between the original receivers and the SL message (Nida
in Bassnett 34). This focus requires translators to adjust their texts to the target
culture, to harmonize them linguistically in terms of grammar and lexis, and to
make them sound natural (Munday 84). Meanwhile, Vinay and Darbelnet in
Munday (58) use the term equivalence for one of their translation procedures
where languages describe the same situation as in the original by different stylistic
or structural means. By equivalence, the practice of employing an established
equivalent idiom in the TL will be easier to understand.
In brief, it can be concluded that skopos theory is the theory used for the
reader, because it is aimed at making the reader understand the message and the
purpose of the text from the translator. On the other hand, the equivalence theory
is used for the translator itself, because it is aimed at conveying the message of the
writer to the reader as same as the original one.
E. Translation Procedures
According to Newmark (81), translation procedures are used for sentences
and smaller units of language. Therefore, it is possible to a sentence to have more
than one translation procedure. Newmark (1988).
1. Literal Translation
Literal translation is the basic translation procedure where the source
language grammatical constructions was redirected into the target language
grammatical constructions which is closest but the lexical word still translated
singly, out of context.
Example: SL: I don't want you here.
TL: Aku tidak mau kamu disini.
2. Transference
Transference (loan word, transcription) is the process of transferring a SL
word to a TL text (Newmark 81). Which is means that the process of translation
maintainsthe same forms, typically with names of people and places.
Example: SL: Colorado.
TL: Colorado.
3.Naturalization
Naturalization adapts the SL word from the normal pronunciation, then to
the normal morphology (word-forms) of the TL (Newmark 81). Naturalization
happens due to the cross fertilization between two languages.
Example: SL: March and June.
TL: Maret dan Juni.
4. Cultural Equivalent
Cultural Equivalent is an approximate translation procedure where a
source language cultural word is translated to the target language (Newmark81).
In other words, the language describes the same situation by different stylistic or
structural means.
Example: SL: You little dumbass!
TL: Kamu bodoh!
6. Functional Equivalent
Functional Equivalent is applied to neutralises or generalises the SL word.
Sometimes, it uses a specific term, so the SL word should be generalized.
Example: SL: Identification card.
TL: Kartu Tanda Pengenal.
7. Descriptive Equivalent
Descriptive equivalent or self-explanatory translation is used when a SL
word needs to be generalized by using an explanation or description, because it
cannot be rendered directly to the TL word (Newmark 83- 84).
Example: TL: Revolver.
SL: Senjata api yang memiliki silinder.
8. Synonym
Synonym is a procedure which is used when a precise equivalent for TL
may or may not exist. Therefore, the translator uses the sense of a near TL
equivalent to a SL word in a context. A synonym is only appropriate where literal
translation is not possible and because the word is not important enough for
componential analysis (Newmark 83-84).
Example: SL: I’m freezing.
TL: Aku kedinginan.
9. Through-Translation
Through-translation is applied to translated the names of organizations,
common collocations,the components ofcompounds or phrases. (Newmark84).
Example: SL: ILO (International Labor Organization).
TL: Organisasi Buruh Internasional.
10. Shifts or Transpositions
Shifts or transpositions is a translation procedure that replace the
grammatical categories of the source language into the target language. This types
usually used because of the differences between the grammar of source language
and target language
Example: SL: Five year and a half had passed in what Dad called
“suspended animation”.
TL: Sudah lima setengah tahun lewat yang ayah sebut animasi
yang tahan.
11. Modulation
Modulation is a procedure that changes the focus and the point of view or
cognitive aspect of target language, either lexical or structural.
Example: SL: You didn’t give me more than one.
TL: Kamu hanya beri aku satu.
12. Recognized Translation
Recognized translation is normally used when the translator deal with the
officialtranslation of any institutional term (Newmark 89).
Example: SL: General Officer.
TL: Petugas Umum.
13. Translation Label
Translation label is a translation which is used for a new institutional term
and should be made in inverted commas, which can later be discreetly withdrawn.
It could be done through literal translation (Newmark 90).
Example: SL: Heritage Language.
TL: Langue d’heritage.
14. Compensation
Compensation occurs when the loss of meaning, sound-effect, metaphor or
pragmatic effect in one part of a sentence is compensated in another part, or in a
contiguous sentence (Newmark 90).
Example: SL: Piece of a shit!
TL: Sialan!
15. Componential Analysis
Componential analysis is the types when the word or phrase in target
language have two or more translations (Newmark 90).
Example: SL: Set.
TL: Mengatur, menentukan, memasang, babak.
16. Reduction and Expansion
Reduction and expansion are rather imprecise translation procedures,
which you practice naturally in some cases (Newmark 90). Meanwhile, Gottlieb
also proposes the term “Expansion” and uses the term “Condensation” and
“Decimation” for “Reduction”. Condensation is the shortening of the text in the
least obtrusive way possible while decimation is an extreme form of condensation
where perhaps for reasons of discourse speed, even potentially essential elements
are omitted.
Example: SL: Your mom and I, we want to give a present to you.
TL: Kami ingin berikan hadiah untukmu.
Expansion is used when the original text needs an explanation, because of
some cultural nuance not retrievable in the TL (Newmark 90). Which means the
use of more words in the TL to re- express an idea or to reinforce the sense of a
SL word because the message of TL cannot be expressed concisely.
Example: SL: Now we're in the forest, what are we doing?
TL: Karena kita sekarang sudah ada di hutan, apa yang akan kita
lakukan?
17. Paraphrase
Paraphrase is a procedure where the explanation of the meaning of a
segment of the text is needed (Newmark 90). It is used in an 'anonymous' text
when it is poorly written, or has important implications and omissions.
Example: SL: I'm taking you out to where you're going.
TL: Aku akan membawamu ke tujuanmu.
18. The combination of procedures
Couplets, Triplets, and Quadruplets are the combination of two, three, or
four procedures for dealing with a single problem (Newmark91).
Example of Couplets between Literal and Cultural Equivalent:
SL:Let me turn on the light.
TL: Biar aku nyalakan lampunya.
Example of Triplets between Shift, Transference, and Functional Equivalent:
SL:Notifying them that Chris' abandoned car had been identified
bythe Arizona Highway Patrol.
TL:Yang beritahu bahwa mobil yang dibuang Chris terlacak oleh
polisi lalu lintas Arizona.
Example of Quadruplets between Reduction, Cultural Equivalent, Transference,
and Naturalization:
SL: When they arrived at the apartment, there was a “For Rent”
sign up and the manager said that Chris had moved out at the
end of May.
TL: Ketika mereka tiba di apartemen, ada tulisan “Untuk disewa”
dan manajer bilang Chris sudah pindah sejak akhir Mei.
19. Notes, Additions, Glosses
Notes, additions, and glosses are the procedures where the translator gives
additional information within the text, notes at bottom of page, notes at end of
chapter, and notes or glossary at end of book (Newmark 91-92).
Example: SL: Debrecen → The city of Debrecen, in West Hungary.
TL: Debrecen → Kota Debrecen, di sebelah barat Hungary.
F. Subtitling Theories
1. Theory of Audio Visual Translation (AVT)
The term Audio Visual Translation (AVT) is mostly used for the
audiovisual language transfer (Shakernia740). Audiovisual translation itself is
defined as “the process by which a film or television program is made
comprehensible to a target audience that is unfamiliar with the original source
language” (Branauskiene in Shakernia 740).
According to Baker and Hochel in Ghaemi and Benjamin (39), the most
widespread forms of AVT are Subtitling and Dubbing. Subtitling is visual,
involving the superimposition of a written text onto the screen, while dubbing is a
process which uses the acoustic channel for translational purposes (Munday 141).
It has been widely argued that subtitles change film from an audio-visual medium
to a more literary medium, which requires a greater level of attention from a
viewer than a dubbed film.
A. Gottlieb Theory
Henrik Gottlieb is an author/editor who has contribution in studying
multimedia and give influence within the era of globalization. Gottlieb (1992)
points to the technology revolution that takes place with the development of
means of communication. He believes that audio-visual translation, as all other
types of translations, is not a simple transfer from one language to another. It is a
complex process where a set of activities including at least the basics, such as
review, layout and punctuation convention, etc. Gottlieb explains that all kinds of
audio-visual translations have four features in common:
1. Teamwork, as in drama translation where the commissioner, the publisher, the
translator, the director and the actors take the floor successively.
2. Translators work with intermediate texts which defy the traditional dichotomy
between source and target language.
3. Criteria applied to audio-visual translation are comprehensibility, accessibility
and usability. The function of these texts prevails over the quality of their
legibility and often is limited to language norms.
4. The characteristics of audio-visual translation have implications for training to
bridge the gap between the theory and the professional application.
Gottlieb is very critical of practicing what is called pivot translations, i.e.
translations made on the basis of an already existing translation, mostly for
reasons of cost-effectiveness (Gottlieb 117-118). He argues that it may mean that
language features and standards that are unacceptable in the source language are
transferred to the target language version.
Dealing with subtitling quality assessment, Gottlieb (1992) gives an
example of how subtitling has been studied. On the basis of his experience as a
professional translator, Gottlieb remarks that, using his own expression
"condensed expression, concise rendering" is the essence of subtitling. Gottlieb
(1992) discusses the challenges that face audio-visual translation in general and
those that face the translator in particular. He thinks that they are not only
industrial, political, social, administrative, juridical, ethical challenges, but are
also and more importantly, cultural. In this context, he refers to the growing
change in technology that is always faster than change in our behaviors. Its
definitions show that the term Audiovisual Translation relates to visual image and
soundtrack, and subtitling itself involves on it.
2. Definition of Subtitle
According to Merriam Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary in Palmer (8), the
noun subtitle is defined as:
a. A secondary or explanatory title;
b. A printed statement or fragment of dialogue appearing on the screen
between the scenes of a silent motion picture or appearing as a translation
at the bottom of the screen during the scenes of a motion picture or
television show in a foreign language.
In Ghaemi and Benjamin (40), O’Connell defines subtitling as
“supplementing the original voice soundtrack by adding written text on screen.”
While Shuttleworth and Cowie (161), define subtitling as “the process of
providing synchronized captions for film and television dialogue.” In addition,
Gottlieb in Munday (148) defines it as the rendering in a different language of a
verbal message in filmic media, in the shape of one or more lines of written text,
which are presented on the screen in synch with the original verbal message.
Traditionally, there are two types of subtitles, those are interlingual
subtitles, which imply transfer from a SL to a TL, and intralingual subtitles, which
there is no change of language (Díaz Cintas in Ghaemi and Benjamin 40).
Subtitling is different from other types of translation, because it involves
the formal (quantitative) and textual (qualitative) constraints. The formal
constraints are the space factors (a maximum of 2 lines and 35 characters) and the
time factor, while textual constraints are those imposed on the subtitles by the
visual context of the film (Gottlieb in Ghaemi and Benjamin 42).
From those definitions above, it can be seen that subtitle is a printed
translation of a dialogue of a foreign-language film, while subtitling is the process
of making the subtitle which transfers the dialogue in the film in spoken language
into a written language and appears on the bottom screen.
3. The Effective Subtitle
Different from other translation types, a subtitled text has to be shorter
than the audio, because simultaneously the viewers need the necessary time to
read the subtitle and watch the film at the same time (Munday148).
According to Antonini in Munday (148), the words contained in the
original dialogues tend to be reduced by between 40 and 75 percent to give
viewers the chance of reading the subtitles while watching the film at the same
time. In the subtitle itself, it consisted of one or two lines of 30 to 40 characters
including spaces) that are displayed at the bottom of the picture, either center or
left-aligned (Gottlieb in Munday 149).
There are three principal operations that the translator must carry out in
order to obtain effective subtitles proposes by Antonini in Munday (148), those
are:
a. Elimination which consists of cutting out elements that do not modify the
meaning of the original dialogue, but only the form, such as hesitations,
false starts, and redundancies; and removing the information that can be
understood from the visuals, such as a nod and shake of the head.
b. Rendering which refers to dealing with features such as slang, dialect and
taboo language.
c. Simplification which indicates a condensation and fragmentation of the
original syntax to promote comfortable reading.
24
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH FINDINGS
A. Data Description
This chapter presents the result of the study including the analysis of the
data which are taken from Charlie brown’s dialogue of English Indonesian subtitle
of Peanuts Movie according to Newmark theory. Based on the Peanuts Movie
film, the researcher found one hundred and twelve of Charlie brown’s dialogue
and classifying each data according its types of procedures based on Newmark.
Total of analyzed sample data are attached in Appendix.
Based on the data that has been analyzed by using Newmark theory of
translation procedure, the researcher found ten types of translation procedures in
the English-Indonesian subtitle translation of Peanuts Movie; those types are
literal, paraphrase, cultural equivalent, transference, compensation, reduction,
expansion, shift and the combination of translation procedures such as couplets
and triplets.
The researcher found that literal translation was the most frequently used
in translating English-Indonesian subtitle translation of Charlie brown’s dialogue
“Peanuts Movie”.
The researcher has categorized and analyzed 30 of 112data which taken
randomly from Charlie brown’s dialogue in English-Indonesian subtitle of
Peanuts Movie and dealing with the translation of English-Indonesian subtitle
procedure according to Newmark theory.
25
B. Data Analysis
The researcher has found ten types of translation procedures in the
English-Indonesian subtitle translation of Charlie brown’s dialogue of Peanuts
Movie.
1. Literal
Data 1
Source language Target language
She will ? Dia mau ?
In literal translation, the words didn’t only refer to the same thing, but it
has similar associations. It is proven by the example above in the sentence “she
will?” in the source language that translated into “dia mau?”in the target
language.
Those data above are stuck and focused on the form and structure and
without changing anything. But, the data above show that literal translation can
express the meaning of the source language which completely render into the
target language.
According to the context, subtitler used literal to get the suitable result and
get the meaning of the dialogue. Besides, the dialogue above is not contain any
difficult material and that made subtitler can use literal.
Moreover, the text above transfers the entire message and grammatical
structure of source language text accurately, so the viewer of the film can get the
26
message as the original one. According to Newmark, source language
grammatical constructions are converted to their nearest target language
equivalents to get equivalences (Newmark 70).
Data 2
Source language Target language
If you had 6 red tomatoes. Jika kau punya enam tomat merah.
In example above, the sentence uses literal translation to translate the
sentence “If you had 6 red tomatoes,”in source language which is translated into
“Jika kau punya 6 tomat merah,”in target language in Charlie brown’s dialogue.
Translator transfers source language grammar, as well as the primary
meanings of all the source language words. Sometimes, some translators use
reduction or addition to the sentences of target language and make it shorter or
longer than the original sentences without maintain the equivalences.
Following to the context, Charlie brown told to his friend about question
in their test in class. This dialogue doesn’t need any difficult types to applied, so
that subtitler used literal to maintain the idea and meaning of the dialogue.
However, the sentence above is translated literally without any reduction
or addition in order to keep the equivalences (Newmark69).
Data 3
Source language Target language
Win the talent show, that's a great idea. Memenangkan pertunjukan bakat. Itu
ide bagus.
27
In the data above, the sentence “Win the talent show, that's a great idea”
in source language is translated literally into “Memenangkan pertunjukan bakat.
Itu ide bagus” in the target language instead of “Menang pertunjukan bakat. Itu
ide bagus” in target language.
The translator chooses the appropriate diction to translate the word “Win”
become “memenangkan” instead of “menang”in order to keep the dialogue more
natural in the dialogue of the film.Subtitler use literal to keep equivalences with
sees the dialogue of Charlie brown when he wants to join the talent show to
winning his crush’s heart.
So, literal is the proper one if see the context of the dialogue, in order to
maintain the idea of the film. Therefore, since literal translation is clear and
communicative, the translator can choose literal translation procedure to deliver
the message like the original one.
Data 4
Source language Target language
She likes dancing. Dia suka menari.
In the data above, it was clear that the sentence “she like dancing”in
source language which is translated into “dia suka menari” in target language is
precisely translated without changing the form or word order. In order to keep the
meaning and the idea of the translated text is well delivered to the audience.
28
The context of the dialogue shows when Charlie brown finally knew the
hobby of her crush and he talk to his dog, Snoopy. So, the translated sentence in
target language is the proper one.
In brief, as we can read above that the translator translated the utterance
word per word without losing the idea. the text above also transfers the entire
message and grammatical structure of source language text similarly, in order to
make the viewer of the film can get the message and idea as well.
2. Paraphrase
Data 5
Source language Target language
I left some cookies in your dog dish.
Kutinggalkan beberapa biskuit di
piringmu.
In the sentence “I left some cookies in your dog dish.” in source language is
translated and paraphrased into “Kutinggalkan beberapa biskuit di piringmu.” in
target language instead of translate it into “Kutinggalkan beberapa kue kering di
piringmu.” in target language.
In this context, when Charlie brown want to go outside, he reminds his dog,
Snoopy to eat some cookies that he made, subtitler use “biskuit” because the form
of the cookies in the film is like “biskuit” in Indonesia. So, the phrase “biskuit” is
well-translated. It was proved that the translator does not seek out the meaning as
29
the original, but tries to compose the meaning and give the ideas of the original
work (Benjamin in Munday 169).
In addition, the appropriate procedure used also fulfills the skopos theory,
with produce an appropriate result which makes the viewers achieve the intention
of the target language as the original text. Even though the literal or any kind of
translation is possible to be used, but the translator gets the different perspective
and decide to use paraphrase procedure as the translation method.
Data 6
Source language Target language
The only thing I do know how to make
is toast.
Aku hanya bisa membuat roti bakar.
The sentence in data above “The only thing I do know how to make is
toast” in source language is translated and paraphrased into “Aku hanya bisa
membuat roti bakar” in the target language instead of “hal yang hanya aku tahu
sekarang cara membuatnya adalah roti bakar” in the target language which is
like a scramble word.
In order to find the nearest equivalences and most suitable result of
translation. Translator decide to use paraphrase for the sentence above in order to
find the nearest equivalences from source language text to target language. The
context in this sentence is when Linus ask Charlie brown to make cookies for all
classmates in the dance competition.
30
Moreover, by paraphrasing the data, the translator makes the target
language text sounds natural and it makes the audience of the film become more
understand the dialogue easily and get the idea of the film as well.
Data 7
Source language Target language
I have heard peanut butter is brain
food.
Aku memang pernah dengar selai
kacang bagus untuk otak.
The data above, “I have heard peanut butter is brain food” in source
language is translated and paraphrased into “Aku memang pernah dengar selai
kacang bagus untuk otak” in the target language instead of translate it literally into
“Aku pernah mendengar selai kacang adalah makanan otak” in target language,
which is has a different meaning from the source language.
Subtitler decide to use paraphrase for the sentence above in order to find
the nearest equivalences. Besides, the context of the dialogue is clearly shows that
Charlie brown argued to his friend about peanut butter which is contain
ingredients that very good for brain improvement.
By paraphrasing the data, the target language is translated properly and
eliminate ambiguity and reduce the possibility of audiences become
misunderstanding. As elaborate in chapter 2 that the correct procedure used by the
translator produces an appropriate result (Jensen 15).
31
Data 8
Source language Target language
I need to slow things down. Aku tak boleh terburu-buru.
In the sentences above, “I need to slow things down” in source language is
translated into “Aku tak boleh terburu-buru” in the target language instead of “aku
butuh untuk memperlambat hal” in the target language. Once again, sentence “aku
butuh untuk memperlambat hal” is understandable but not a proper one.
As the previous example data that appeared, it has proved that paraphrase
is a procedure where the explanation of the meaning of a segment of the text is
needed. Translator makes a different construction but with same meaning even
though the literal translation is possible to be used, but the meaning will be
different.
In brief, paraphrase procedure used by the translator proves that he gains
the perspective from the source language which means that the essential part of
original text is visualized according to the translator’s intention (Newmark 25).
3. Cultural equivalent
Data 9
Source language Target language
Come on. Ayo.
32
In the data above, phrase “Come on” in source language is translated into
“Ayo” in target language with use cultural equivalent in order to get the
equivalences. Because, if those data are translated literally, it cannot describe the
meaning of the same situation and will give a bad impact to the audience.
For your information, in this case, cultural equivalent is replacing a cultural word
in source language to target language.
Phrase “come on” in English has the same meaning with “ayo” in
Indonesia and we can call it transferring process of cultural word. However, the
form is not same but the idea and the message is quite same (Newmark 83).
Data 10
Source language Target language
That was a close one. Hampir saja.
In the data above “That was a close one”in source language is translated
into “Hampir saja”in the target language, it will loss the meaning if it is
translated literally into “itu adalah dekat satu”.
Those data are categorized as idioms and translator translated it into
“hampir saja” in order to get the equivalences between source language and
target language.
In addition, cultural equivalent is particularly useful in translating idioms
and proverbs. Those data above also reconstruct the target language’s cultural and
historical context of the original and captures the style of the original text in target
language (Abdellah 26).
33
Data 11
Source language Target language
All right. Ok.
Those phrase above “All right” in source language is translated into “Ok”
in target language instead of “semua benar”in the target language, in order to
maintain the cultural aspect from the source text and adjusts it to the target culture
in target text. Those data above are categorized as cultural word, so translator uses
cultural equivalent. Cultural equivalent is replacing a cultural word in source
language to target language.
According to dialogue, Charlie brown agreed his friend argument so he
said “all right” which is mean yes and agreement.
However, if those phrase are translated literally, it cannot describe the
meaning of the same situation and will give a miss understanding about idea of
the dialogue and makes the viewer confused. Also, in order to harmonize them
linguistically in terms of grammar, lexis and to make them sound natural,
translator uses cultural equivalent (Munday 84).
Data 12
Source language Target language
Stupid Kite-Eating Tree. Pohon pemakan layangan bodoh.
In the data above, “Stupid Kite-Eating Tree” in source language is
translated into “Pohon pemakan layangan bodoh” in the target language. If those
34
data are translated literally, it will make audience confused because it will be
“Layangan bodoh memakan pohon” in target language.
Those data also combine two phrase “stupid kite” and eating tree” but in
the target language translated becomes one sentences “Layangan bodoh memakan
pohon.” As we know that those data are categorized as idioms.
So, “Layangan bodoh memakan pohon” is decided as the most suitable
translation according the translator with combines two phrase into one.
From those examples above, it is clearly seen that the translator is not only
transmitting a language, transferring the meaning, and conveying the message, but
also transmitting a cultural aspect of the Source Language (Bassneet 6).
4. Transference
Data 13
Source language Target language
Halo Halo
In data above, “Halo” in source language is translated into “Halo” in target
language which is transferred from source language to target language without
changing form.
The data “Halo” in source language is translated “Halo” in target language
because those word are completely had the same spelling in some nations and
same meaning in some language. Translator use transference in order to keep the
equivalences.
35
However, transference is a term proposed by Newmark where source
language text is transferred into target language text. So, it was not necessary to
translated it differently in order to maintain the equivalence (Newmark 81).
Data 14
Source language Target language
Oh Charles. Oh Charles.
Those data above “Oh Charles” in source language are the example of
transference procedure. It can be seen from the same spelling and writing between
the text of Source language and target language. Especially name of people is no
need to changed.
Transference means, translating the original term. Besides, according to
context of the text, it will be difficult to understand if the sentence “Oh Charles”
in source language are translated into other form.
In addition, those sentence are name of person and those dialogue is
clearly delivered. So, the most appropriate translation is to use transference
procedure.
5. Compensation
Data 15
Source language Target language
Good grief. Sial.
36
In the data above, “Good grief” in the source language text also translated
into “Sial” in the target language text instead of translate it literally into
“duka/kesedihan yang bagus” in the target language
In order to maintain the equivalences. These dialogue is used in the
context when someone expresses his regret. Following to the context of the film,
phrase “Rats” come out from Charlie brown’s mouth when he shows his regret to
his friend because he is too shy to talk with his crush.
In Peanuts Movie, translator uses procedure which is appropriate with the
purpose and meaning in the communicative situation and target culture according
to Jensen (16). So, translator uses compensation as the appropriate one.
In brief, compensation happens when the loss of meaning, sound-effect,
metaphor or pragmatic effect in one part of a sentence is compensated in another
part, or in a contiguous sentence (Newmark 90).
6. Reduction
Data 16
Source language Target language
I have slightly more dignity than that. Aku masih punya martabat.
The data above “I have slightly more dignity than that” in the source
language omitted the phrase “than that”, so the target language becomes “Aku
37
masih punya martabat” instead of “Aku masih punya martabat daripada itu” with
shortens the target language text by omitting the underlined words.
In addition, reduction is the process of shortening the text but still
maintains the meaning of the whole text. In order to make the translation clear and
natural, “than that” should be omitted.
So, in order to makes the target language more natural, translator reducing
the target language text and decides the sentence “Aku masih punya martabat”as a
correct one also creates the effective subtitle by reducing the text.
Data 17
Source language Target language
I can see it now. Aku bisa melihatnya.
In data above, the sentence “I can see it now” in target language is
translated into “Aku bisa melihatnya” in target language instead of “Aku bisa
melihatnya sekarang” in target language also omitted word “now” become “Aku
bisa melihatnya” in target language. Those type called reduction which is kind of
process that shortening text but still maintains the meaning of the whole text.
In order to makes the target language clearer and understandable translator
make the natural translation by reducing and omitted word “now” in those data.
But it depends on translator in translating text because those sentence
could be reduced or translator could still keep the word “now” in those data above.
38
Data 18
Source language Target language
Here she comes. Dia datang.
In data above “Here she comes.” in source language is translated into “dia
datang” in target language with omitted “here” from the sentences.
In order to give an easier meaning and simpler idea to the audience,
reduction is needed in those sentence which also creates the effective subtitle by
omitted the word.
However, reduction is needed to give the viewers a chance to read the
subtitles while watching the film simultaneously, also instead of “disini dia
datang”, the target language text “dia datang” is more appropriate. From the
dialogue also explain that when Charlie brown is waiting for her crush to comes,
he talks to his friend with anxious feeling. So, if “disini dia datang”is used, it
made the dialogue become elusive and not making any sense.
7. Expansion
Data 19
Source language Target language
These cupcakes don't look half bad. Menurutku kue mangkok ini tak terlalu
buruk.
39
In data above, expansion is used in order to get equivalence in translation, the
sentences “These cupcakes don't look half bad” in source language is translated
into “Menurutku kue mangkok ini tak terlalu buruk,” in the target language and
reinforces the sense of source language by adding the word “menurutku” in the
first sentence, in order to get the natural translation.
Actually, literal translation is possible to use but in order to give
conjunction between previous dialogue and current dialogue, expansion is needed.
However, those data in target language can fulfill the same response of the
source language with expansion by adding a word in target language, so the
audience of the film will not get misunderstanding while they are watching the
movie.
Data 20
Source language Target language
There's been a mistake. This is not my
test.
Tapi, telah terjadi sebuah kesalahan.
Ini bukan hasil ujianku.
In data above, “There's been a mistake. This is not my test” in source language
is translated into “Tapi, telah terjadi sebuah kesalahan. Ini bukan hasil ujianku”
in target language with adding “tapi” to the sentence in order to make it more
understandable and as connector between one dialogue to another.
In addition, those data above also use expansion in order to get the natural
translation. Although, literal translation is possible to used, but in order to give
40
conjunction between previous dialogue and current dialogue, expansion is needed
like previous sample of data.
Expansion is the process of translating the source language text by giving
the additional explanation in the target language text (Gottlieb in Ghaemi and
Benyamin 42).
8. Shift
Data 21
Source language Target language
Does anyone know where Marcie is? Ada yang tahu di mana Marcie?
The data above “Does anyone know where Marcie is?” in source language is
translated into “Ada yang tahu di mana Marcie?” in the target language.
If it is translated literally into “apakah ada yang tahu dimana Marcie
adalah?” the audience will not get the meaning of the dialogue in the film. So,
translator use shift as the appropriate one.
The shift procedures in data above are used because the literal translation
is grammatically possible but may not accord with natural usage in the target
language according to Newmark (85-88).
Data 22
Source language Target language
I told you once. Aku sudah bilang.
41
In data above, sentence “I told you once” in source language is translated
into “Aku sudah bilang” in the target language instead of “Aku mengatakan
padamu sekali”in the target language. Literally, the word “told” means
“mengatakan” and it is the past form of the word “tell”.
There is also a shift which is required when the source language
grammatical structure does not exist in the target language. Also in order to
maintain the equivalence among source language and target language.
Because the past form is applied to the moment which has already
happened, the exact meaning will be “sudah mengatakan” or “sudah bilang”in
target language.
9. Couplets
Data 23
Source language Target language
Come on, say it now. Ayolah, katakan.
In data above, “Come on, say it now” in source language is translated into
“Ayolah, katakan” in target language. The combination of cultural equivalent with
reduction is used in those sentence.
Moreover, it is clearly seen that translator combines the cultural equivalent
in translated “come on” become “ayolah” and reduction used in translated “say it
now” into “katakan” with omitted word “now” in target language, which also
creates the effective subtitle by reducing the original dialogue naturally into 50%.
42
Furthermore, Couplets is a combination of two procedures for dealing with
a single problem (Newmark91).
Data 24
Source language Target language
Let me help you with that, Marcie. Biar kubantu, Marcie.
In data above, “Let me help you with that, Marcie” in source language is
translated into “Biar kubantu, Marcie” in the target language. The combination of
paraphrase with transference are used in those sentence.
It is clearly seen that translator combines the paraphrase in “let me help
you with that” which is translating outside of the box into “biar kubantu” but still
get the idea and transference in “Marcie”.It is common that “Marcie” is the name
of person.
Therefore, the translator chooses the transference and paraphrase
procedure in translating the sentence “Let me help you with that, Marcie” into
“Biar kubantu, Marcie.” It is indicated that the target language maintains the the
skopos theory because the target language is coherent for the viewers. It is
meaningful in the communicative situation and target culture.
Data 25
Source language Target language
Let me turn on the light. Biar aku nyalakan lampunya.
43
In data above, the sentence “Let me turn on the light” in source language is
translated into “Biar aku nyalakan lampunya” in target language.
The phrase “turn on”in source language is translated into “nyalakan” in
target language with use cultural equivalent while the rest of sentences are use
literal translation. If the phrase “turn on” is translated literally, the meaning will
be “belok nyalakan” which has no meaning at all. So, phrase “turn on”is
transferred into a specific socio-cultural context become “nyalakan.” (Munday7)
In addition, those data above combines both of literal and cultural
equivalent of translation procedure to make a communicative situation and
meaningful translation between source culture and target culture.
Data 26
Source language Target language
Thanks, buddy Terimakasih, sobat.
The sentences above, “thanks, buddy” in source language is translated into
“terimakasih, sobat” in the target language with uses two procedure which is
literal and cultural equivalent in order to maintain the equivalences.
Actually, those data are possible to translated become “terimakasih
teman” in target language, but following the situation of the scene that told about
the closeness between Charlie brown and Linus, sentence “terimakasih, sobat” is
more appropriate than “terimakasih, teman”. as we knew that “buddy” are
categorized as cultural equivalent which is more intimate than “friend”. So,
according to the data above, using couplets is the appropriate one.
44
In addition, those data above combines both of literal and cultural
equivalent of translation procedure to make a communicative situation and
meaningful translation between source culture and target culture.
10. Triplets
Data 27
Source language Target language
New Year's Eve, 1999, I was stationed
in Seattle.
Malam tahun baru, 1999, aku
ditempatkan di Seattle.
In data above, the sentence “New Year's Eve, 1999, I was stationed in
Seattle” in source language is translated into “Malam tahun baru, 1999, aku
ditempatkan di Seattle” in target language with combines three procedures calls
Triplets as a combination of three procedures for dealing with a single problem.
The phrase “New Year Eve” is translated naturally by using cultural
equivalence procedure into “Malam tahun baru” shift procedure is used in “I was
stationed in Seattle” as a passive form, it cannot be translated literally.
Meanwhile, the word “Seattle” is the name of place.
In brief, the transference procedure is used along with established
equivalent idiom in the target language that will be easier to understand (Munday
186).
45
Data 28
Source language Target language
Okay, Snoopy, I got the basics down. Baiklah, Snoopy. Aku sudah menguasai
dasarnya.
In data above, the sentence “Okay, Snoopy, I got the basics down” in
source language is translated into “Baiklah, Snoopy. Aku sudah menguasai
dasarnya”in the target language with combines three procedures.
The phrase “okay” is translated naturally by using literal procedure into
“baiklah.” Transference procedure is used in “Snoopy” because it is name of dog,
it cannot be changed.
Also, the sentence “I got the basics down” translated into “Aku sudah
menguasai dasarnya” with used paraphrase procedures in order to gains the
perspective from the source language which means that the essential part of
original text is visualized according to the translator intention (Newmark 25).
11. Modulation
Data 29
Source language Target language
Let's just say there's the girl I'd like to
impress.
Anggap saja ada anak perempuan yang
ingin kubuat terkesan.
46
As appeared in the data above, “Let's just say there's the girl I'd like to
impress.” in the source language is translated into “Anggap saja ada anak
perempuan yang ingin kubuat terkesan.”in the target language with modulation.
The dialogue above changes the point of view from the girl I'd like to
impressbecome anak perempuan yang ingin kubuat terkesan instead of translate it
literally into anak perempuan yang aku ingin buat terkesan in target language.
Following to the context of the film,“Let's just say there's the girl I'd like
to impress.”come out from Charlie brown’s mouth when he desires to impress his
crush. These dialogue are used in the context when someone expresses his feeling.
However, subtitler choose modulation as the ‘bridge’ of translation in
order to make the equivalences between source language and target language.
Data 30
Source language Target language
Monday? The report is due on
Monday?
Senin? Laporan dikumpulkan hari
Senin?
From the data above, “Monday? The report is due on Monday?” in the
source language is translated into “Senin? Laporan dikumpulkan hari Senin?”in
the target language with modulation. Translator used modulation because it does
not find an appropriate match in target language. The dialogue above changes
from “Monday? The report is due on Monday?”become “Senin? Laporan
dikumpulkan hari Senin?”by replacing the active meaning in source language to
be passive in target language. Following to the context of the film,“Monday? The
47
report is due on Monday?”come out from Charlie brown’s mouth when he
wandering about the deadline of the task from his teacher with show a little bit of
depression feeling. The procedure that applied on the dialogue are translated
properly with using modulation.
However, subtitler choose modulation as the way of translation to find an
appropriate translation and make translation more natural and having an easy form
of expression between source language and target language.
48
CHAPTER IV
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
A. CONCLUSIONS
After analyzing and classifying the translation procedure, it was found that
there were ten translation procedures used in Charlie brown’s utterances in
English-Indonesian subtitle of Peanuts movie.
It was found that shift and couplets was the most applied procedure in the
film with twenty items, followed by literal and reduction with seventeen items,
paraphrase for about sixteen items, cultural equivalent with eight items, expansion
and triplets with four items, modulation three items, transference two items and
compensation one item. The translator commonly used shift and couplets as there
are many dialogue that translated both types. Moreover, there are many dialogue
which translated using more than one procedure to meet the equivalences and
couplets is needed on it, which is proved that this film is quite unique and tricky
with the fact from how much couplets and shift used, also with the other types that
has been used. Overall, the subtitle itself contains understandable word and
vocabulary that categorized as a good subtitle, also the message and idea of the
film transferred very well without eliminate the essence to researcher as an
observer.
B. SUGGESTIONS
After conducting the research in Charlie brown’s dialogue in English-
Indonesian subtitle of Peanuts movie, there are some points that should be noted
for the improvement and the development for the further study. The researcher
proposed some suggestions as follows.
For the translator who wants to translate subtitle should choose an
appropriate procedure according to the purpose of the text itself, because the
inappropriate procedure used will make the target language sounds unnatural and
lead the reader to the misunderstanding. The translator also should give more
attention to the Indonesian grammar and choose the appropriate diction in
translating the source language to avoid misinterpretation.
For those who are interested in the same topic, researcher suggests that the
further study could elaborate more comprehensive analysis to find the
equivalences of meaning and get the idea of the film subtitle.
50
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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South Valley University.
Bassneet, S. (2002). Translation studies. USA and Canada: Routledge. E-Book
Becher, V. (2011). Explicitation and implicitation in translation. A Ph.D
Dissertation submitted to Hamburg University. E-book
Cambridge Dictionary, 2nd Edition. (2004). Cambridge University Press. E-Book
Catford, J. C. (1965) A Linguistic Theory of Translation. Oxford University Press,
1965. E-Book
Delisle, Lee-Jahnke, & Cormier (1999). Translation terminology. Amsterdam and
Philadelphia: John Benjamins. E-Book
Eugene A. Nida and Charles R. Taber. (1974) Leiden: E.J. Brill. E-Book
Eugene A. Nida dan Charles R. Taber. (2003) The Theory and Practice of
Translation. Boston: Briel Leiden. Print
Farkhan, Muhammad. (2011) Proposal Penelitian Bahasa dan Sastra. Cetakan
Kedua. Jakarta: Adabia Press UIN Syarif Hidayatullah. Print.
Ghaemi, F., & Janin, B. (2010). “Strategies used in the translation of interlingual
subtitling,” Journal of English Studies. 1 (1), 39-49.
Growth, Crystal. Journal of Crystal Growth. Elsevier B.V. Volume 72, Issues 1–2,
Pages 1-562 (July–August 1985).
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00220248/72/1-2. 20
Desember 2016
Hoed, Benny. H. (2006) Penerjemahan dan Kebudayaan. Jakarta: Pustaka Jaya.
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http://www.tradulex.org/Actes2000/harvey.pdf [January 20, 2014].
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Munday, J. (2001). Introducing translation studies: theories and applications.
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Munday, J. (2009). The routledge companion to translation studies: revised
edition. USA: Routledge. E-book
Machali, R. (2009) Pedoman Bagi Penerjemah. Jakarta: Kaifa. Print
Newmark, P. (1988). A textbook of translation. London: Prentice Hall
International.E-Book
Palmer, A. (2005). Upgrading film subtitling to the level of literary translation.
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Pym, A. (2007). “Natural and directional equivalence in theories of
translation,” 19 (02), 271-294.
R. Bruce W. Anderson & Richard W. Brislin, (1976) Translation: Applications
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Thomas Ashby Wilss (1982) Basic Processes in Helping Relationships. Academic
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Venutti, L. (2000). The translation studies reader. London: Routledge. E-Book
52
Appendix
No Time English
subtitle
Indonesian
subtitle
Translation procedures
1 00:03:51,558
-->
00:03:53,630
Stupid Kite-
Eating Tree
Pohon pemakan
layangan bodoh!
Cultural equivalent
2 00:03:56,206
-->
00:03:57,800
Good grief Sial Compensation
3 00:04:27,898
--> 00:04:30,
What would I
do without a
good friend
like you?
Apa yang bisa
kulakukan tanpa
teman baik
sepertimu?
Shift
4 00:08:03,021
-->
00:08:07,428
Snoopy...
why is it that
everything I try
turns out
wrong?
Snoopy, kenapa
yang kulakukan
selalu salah?
Paraphrase
5 00:08:07,670
-->
00:08:10,706
Sometimes I
wonder if the
kids really like
me
Terkadang aku
bertanya-tanya,
apa mereka benar
menyukaiku
Shift
6 00:08:11,032
-->
00:08:13,877
Maybe that
new kid will
see me for who
I really am, like
you
Mungkin anak
baru itu akan
menerimaku apa
adanya,
sepertimu.
Shift
7 00:08:15,032
-->
00:08:18,359.
A dog doesn't
try to give
advice or judge
you.
Seekor anjing
takkan menasihati
atau menilaimu
Reduction
8 00:08:18,379
-->
00:08:20,77
They just love
you for who
you are.
Mereka
menyukaimu apa
adanya.
Paraphrase
9 00:08:20,883
-->
00:08:24,515.
It's nice to have
someone that
will just sit and
listen to you.
Senang rasanya
punya seseorang
yang hanya duduk
dan mendengarmu
Literal
10 00:08:33,327
-->
00:08:37,518
You can't come
to school,
Snoopy. Now
be a good dog
and go home.
Kau tak boleh ikut
ke sekolah.
Jadilah anjing
baik. Pulanglah
Reduction
11 00:09:11,127
-->
00:09:13,422
Good morning,
Linus. What do
you have there?
It's not real, is
Selamat pagi,
Linus. Apa yang
kau bawa? Ini
bukan sungguhan,
Couplets (Literal-cultural
equivalent)
it? 'kan?
12 00:09:37,744
-->
00:09:39,328
Duck, Linus! Merunduk, Linus! Couplets (Literal
transference)
13 00:12:35,461
-->
00:12:37,535
Write our
names? Yes,
ma'am.
Tulis nama kami?
Ya, Bu.
Shift
14 00:12:47,603
-->
00:12:51,110
Uh, hi, I'm
Brown Charlie.
I mean, "Barnie
Clown." I
mean...
Hai, aku Brown
Charlie.
Maksudku,
Barney Clown.
Maksudku..
Couplets (Literal
transference)
15 00:13:00,435
-->
00:13:03,748
Have you ever
had that feeling
when you can't
stop smiling?
Pernahkah kau
merasakan tak
bisa berhenti
tersenyum?
Reduction
16 00:13:05,105
-->
00:13:07,589
Your heart
pounds inside
your chest?
Jantungmu
berdegup kencang
Paraphrase
17 00:13:11,596
-->
00:13:14,960
And then that
Little Red-
Haired Girl
glances at you.
Lalu gadis
berambut merah
itu menatapmu
Shift
18 00:13:15,723
-->
00:13:20,115
And all of life's
possibilities
become so
clear.
Semua
kemungkinan
hidup menjadi
begitu jelas.
Reduction
19 00:13:20,566
-->
00:13:22,170
And then you
realize......she
has no idea
you're alive
Lalu kau
menyadari.. Dia
tak tahu kau
menyukainya
Paraphrase
20 00:14:34,431
-->
00:14:35,783
Here she comes Dia datang. Reduction
21 00:14:35,803
-->
00:14:38,558
This is my
chance to make
a good
impression.
Ini kesempatanku
untuk membuat
kesan yang baik
Shift
22 00:17:08,003
-->
00:17:10,407
For now, we
just keep our
distance
untuk saat ini,jaga
jarak dahulu.
Reduction
23 00:17:22,365
-->
00:17:23,891
That was a
close one.
Hampir saja. Cultural equivalent
24 00:17:32,247
-->
00:17:35,644
If I could only
work up the
nerve to go
over there, I'd...
Are you crazy?
Andai aku punya
keberanian untuk
pergi ke sana. Kau
gila?
Paraphrase
25 00:20:13,252
-->
00:20:16,729
It's moments
like this when
you need your
faithful friend.
Di saat-saat
seperti inilah kau
butuh teman
setiamu.
Shift
26 00:20:24,458 If there's one
person you
want by your
side at a
moment like
this...it's your
loyal dog.
Ya. Jika ada yang
kau inginkan
untuk
menemanimu saat
ini, itu adalah
anjing setiamu.
Shift
27 00:20:53,078
-->
00:20:54,611
She said,
"Hello"!
Dia bilang,
"Halo"!
Literal
28 00:21:07,633
-->
00:21:09,961
I need your
advice on girls,
Lucy.
Aku perlu
saranmu soal anak
perempuan, Lucy.
Couplets (Expansion
transference)
29 00:21:11,534
-->
00:21:14,298
Let's just say
there's this girl
I'd like to
impress.
Anggap saja ada
anak perempuan
yang ingin kubuat
terkesan.
Modulation
30 00:21:17,034
-->
00:21:19,039
If I were
something and
she was
nothing, I could
talk to her.
Andai aku hebat
dan dia bukan
apa-apa,aku bisa
berbicara
dengannya.
Shift
31 00:21:20,342
-->
00:21:22,289
Or, if she was
nothing and I
was nothing, I
could talk to
her
Atau dia dan aku
bukan apa-apa,
aku bisa berbicara
dengannya
Couplets (reduction
literal)
32 00:21:23,623 But she's
something and
I'm nothing,so I
just can't talk to
her.
Tapi dia hebat dan
aku bukan apa-
apa. Jadi, aku tak
bisa berbicara
dengannya.
Shift
33 00:21:32,715
-->
00:21:36,028
She has a pretty
face and pretty
faces make me
nervous
Dia punya wajah
cantik, dan itu
membuatku
gugup.
Shift
34 00:21:48,895
-->
00:21:52,570
I just need to
know the secret
to winning her
heart
Aku perlu tahu
rahasia untuk
memenangkan
hatinya
Literal
35 00:22:25,344
-->
00:22:27,312
A winner? Me? Pemenang? Aku? Literal
36 00:22:27,332 Lucy, you may Lucy, mungkin Couplets (Transference
-->
00:22:29,794
be on to
something
kau punya jalan
keluarnya.
paraphrase)
37 00:23:33,377
-->
00:23:34,412
What are you
doing?
Sedang apa kau? Cultural equivalent
38 00:23:46,177
-->
00:23:49,949
Win the talent
show, that's a
great idea.
Memenangkan
pertunjukan bakat.
Itu ide bagus.
Literal
39 00:23:49,990
-->
00:23:52,574
New Year's
Eve, 1999, I
was stationed
in Seattle.
Malam tahun
baru, 1999, aku
ditempatkan di
Seattle
Triplets (cultural
equivalent, shift,
transference )
40 00:25:07,695
-->
00:25:11,884
I have a really
good feeling
that tonight she
will see the
new Charlie
Brown.
Firasatku bagus.
Malam ini dia
akan melihat
Charlie Brown
yang baru.
Triplets (Shift
transference literal)
41 00:26:24,016
-->
00:26:26,588
I'm...Don't do
that.
She said she
has a big finish.
Jangan. Adikku
bilang punya aksi
penutup yang
bagus.
Couplets (Reduction
paraphrase)
42 00:26:41,578
-->
00:26:43,257
Change of
plans, Snoopy.
Perubahan
rencana, Snoopy.
Couplets (literal
transference )
43 00:10:56,177
-->
00:10:57,589
If you had 6
tomatoes
If you had 6
tomatoes
Literal
44 00:28:17,260
-->
00:28:18,423
You're right,
Linus.
Kau benar, Linus. Couplets (Literal
transference)
45 00:28:30,073
-->
00:28:33,460
After the
complete fool I
made out of
myself last
night?
Setelah kejadian
memalukan yang
kubuat semalam?
Couplets (Literal
reduction)
46 00:29:22,750
-->
00:29:25,295
You did what?
I can't cook
cupcakes.
Apa? Aku tak bisa
membuat kue
mangkok.
Couplets (Reduction
cultural equivalent)
47 00:29:25,395
--> 00:29:
27,911
The only thing
I do know how
to make is
toast.
Aku hanya bisa
membuat roti
bakar.
Paraphrase
48 00:29:28,011
-->
Besides, why
would I even
Lagi pula,untuk
apa aku pergi ke
Paraphrase
00:29:30,971 want to go to
the Winter
Dance?
pesta itu?
49 00:29:36,425
-->
00:29:38,347
Halo Halo Transference
50 00:29:41,688
-->
00:29:42,926
Come on Ayo Cultural equivalent
51 00:30:25,169
-->
00:30:27,033
She likes
dancing
Dia suka menari. Literal
52 00:31:43,069
-->
00:31:45,485
Okay, Snoopy,
I got the basics
down.
Baiklah, Snoopy.
Aku sudah
menguasai
dasarnya.
Triplets (Literal
transference paraphrase)
53 00:31:45,505
--> 00:31:48,
497
But if I'm going
to win, I need
to step it up.
Tapi jika ingin
menang,harus
kutingkatkan lagi.
Reduction
54 00:31:55,643
-->
00:31:57,192
I can see it now Aku bisa
melihatnya
Reduction
55 00:32:23,283
-->
00:32:24,601
Thanks for the
help.
Terima kasih atas
bantuannya.
Literal
56 00:32:24,621
-->
00:32:27,143
I left some
cookies in your
dog dish.
Kutinggalkan
beberapa biskuit
di piringmu.
Paraphrase
57 00:33:20,420
-->
00:33:24,787
These cupcakes
don't look half
bad.
Menurutku kue
mangkok ini tak
terlalu buruk.
Expansion
58 00:33:25,009
-->
00:33:27,873
This time I've
come totally
prepared.
Kali ini aku
benar-benar siap.
Expansion
59 00:33:28,305
-->
00:33:30,285
I couldn't have
done it without
you.
Aku takkan
berhasil tanpamu.
Shift
60 00:33:30,477
-->
00:33:34,582
The old Charlie
Brown would
still be lying in
bed
Charlie Brown
yang dahulu pasti
masih di tempat
tidurnya.
Reduction
61 00:33:51,581
-->
Let me help
you with that,
Biar kubantu,
Marcie.
Couplets (Reduction,
transference)
00:33:53,415 Marcie.
62 00:36:21,133
-->
00:36:22,673
Thanks, buddy.
Terima kasih,
Sobat.
Couplets (Literal cultural
equivalent)
63 00:36:28,130
-->
00:36:32,032
it seems like
the harder I try,
the further
away she gets.
Semakin keras
aku mencoba,dia
semakin menjauh.
Couplets (Reduction,
shift
64 00:39:17,118
-->
00:39:20,487
She seems like
the kind of
person who
would do that
sort of thing.
Dia sepertinya
tipe orang yang
mau melakukan
hal itu.
Reduction
65 00:40:22,635
-->
00:40:24,138
You've got to
help me, Linus.
Kau harus
membantuku,
Linus!
Literal
66 00:40:24,238
-->
00:40:27,748
I'm not sure I
can handle
being partners
with the Little
Red-Haired
Girl.
Aku tak yakin
bisa mengatasi
menjadi pasangan
gadis itu.
Reduction
67 00:40:27,768
-->
00:40:29,512
I need to slow
things down.
Aku tak boleh
terburu-buru.
Paraphrase
68 00:40:48,519
-->
00:40:51,482
This could be
the worst thing
that's ever
happened to
her!
Ini bisa menjadi
hal terburuk yang
pernah terjadi
padanya!
Literal
69 00:40:57,438
-->
00:40:59,618
I think I know
how to become
her hero.
Kurasa aku tahu
bagaimana
menjadi
pahlawannya!
Literal
70 00:40:59,638
-->
00:41:01,993
While she's
away taking
care of her
grandmother
Sementara dia
merawat
neneknya,
Reduction
71 00:41:02,013
-->
00:41:04,994
I could
complete the
book report for
the two of us.
aku akan
mengerjakan
tugas ini untuk
kami berdua.
Paraphrase
72 00:41:40,941
-->
00:41:43,221
I have heard
peanut butter is
brain food.
Aku memang
pernah dengar
selai kacang
Paraphrase
bagus untuk otak.
73 00:44:45,495
-->
00:44:47,876
Monday? The
report is due on
Monday?
Senin? Laporan
dikumpulkan hari
Senin?
Modulation
74 00:44:51,052
-->
00:44:53,005
Does anyone
know where
Marcie is?
Ada yang tahu di
mana Marcie?
Shift
75 00:45:34,499
-->
00:45:36,314
I'm looking for
Marcie.
Aku mencari
Marcie.
Literal
76 00:45:38,965
-->
00:45:40,073
I need some
advice
Aku perlu
sarannya
Paraphrase
77 00:45:47,038
-->
00:45:50,829
I need to talk to
Marcie about
finding the
greatest book
of all time.
Leo's Toy
Store.
Aku ingin
bertanya soal
buku terhebat
sepanjang masa.
"Leo's Toy Store".
Couplets (transference,
paraphrase)
78 00:46:14,218
-->
00:46:15,354
Thanks for the
tip.
Terima kasih
untuk sarannya.
Literal
79 00:46:22,036
-->
00:46:25,236
Does anyone
know where I
can find Leo's
Toy Store?
Di mana aku bisa
menemukan
"Leo's Toy
Store"?
Couplets (transference,
paraphrase)
80 00:47:14,717
-->
00:47:17,218
Can you help
me find a copy
of Leo's Toy
Store?
Bisa bantu aku
mencari buku
"Leo's Toy
Store"?
Couplets (transference,
paraphrase)
81 00:47:19,966
-->
00:47:22,477
Yeah.
Peppermint
Patty told me,
you said it was
the greatest...
Ya. Kata
Peppermint Patty,
kau bilang itu
buku terhebat.
Shift
82 00:47:37,126
-->
00:47:39,915
Yikes. How
long was this
war?
Astaga, berapa
lama perang ini ?
Couplets (Cultural
equivalent literal)
83 00:47:53,775
-->
00:47:55,299
All right
Ok Cultural equivalent
84 00:48:39,244
-->
thanks Terima kasih Literal
00:48:40,537
85 00:49:26,096
-->
00:49:27,505
Sorry, guys.
Maaf, Teman-
teman.
Literal
86 00:54:32,969
-->
00:54:34,784
You have all
been so kind.
Kalian sudah
begitu baik.
Literal
87 00:54:38,781
-->
00:54:40,954
there's been a
mistake. This is
not my test.
Tapi, telah terjadi
sebuah kesalahan.
Ini bukan hasil
ujianku. But, um...
Expansion
88 00:54:54,399
-->
00:54:56,127
Therefore, I
cannot accept
this honor.
Karena itulah, aku
tak bisa menerima
penghargaan ini.
Shift
89 00:55:02,093
-->
00:55:04,597
I think this
belongs to
Peppermint
Patty.
Kurasa ini milik
Peppermint Patty.
Shift
90 00:55:04,697
-->
00:55:06,824
She's the real
genius.
Dialah anak
genius yang
sebenarnya.
Shift
91 01:03:29,691
-->
01:03:34,978
Well, actually,
let me just say
that... I have
years of
experience with
kites
Bisa dibilang, aku
punya
pengalaman
bertahun-tahun
dengan layangan.
Reduction
92 01:03:39,308
-->
01:03:42,564
The thing is,
flying a kite
isn't for
everyone.
Masalahnya,
menerbangkan
layangan bukan
untuk sembarang
orang.
Modulation
93 01:03:42,584
-->
01:03:44,621
It takes a
certain type of
person
Diperlukan tipe
orang tertentu
Shift
94 01:03:48,509
-->
01:03:52,083
But with
determination
and dedication,
you can make it
happen.
Tapi dengan tekad
dan dedikasi, kau
pasti bisa.
Reduction
95 01:03:53,696
-->
01:03:56,163
Here. You hold
the string. Plant
your feet.
Pegang
benangnya.
Tempatkan
kakimu.
Reduction
96 01:03:56,188
-->
Weight
forward. Knees
Membungkuk,
lutut ditekuk,
Cultural equivalent
01:04:00,779 bent. Back
straight. Head
up.
punggung lurus,
kepala ke atas.
97 01:04:00,879
-->
01:04:03,448
And remember,
keep it simple
Okay. When I
say "go,"
run as fast as
you can That
way. Now, go!
Dan ingat, jangan
buat rumit. Saat
kuberi aba-aba,
larilah sekencang
mungkin Ke arah
sana Sekarang,
lari!
Triplets (literal,
paraphrase, cultural
equivalent)
98 01:04:48,185
-->
01:04:50,983
You can do it
don’t give up
Kau pasti bisa!
Jangan menyerah!
Paraphrase
99 01:09:16,900
-->
01:09:18,849
Today calls for
something
special.
Ini hari yang tepat
untuk sesuatu
yang istimewa.
Expansion
100 01:09:32,307
-->
01:09:35,681
What are you
talking about?
This is just the
start of summer
vacation.
Apa yang kau
bicarakan? Ini
hanya awal
liburan musim
panas.
Shift
101 01:10:48,429
-->
01:10:49,908
She will ? Dia mau? Literal
102 01:11:12,389
-->
01:11:14,963
I can't stop
thinking about
it, Linus.
Aku tak habis
pikir, Linus.
Couplets
(Paraphrase,transference)
103 01:11:20,635
-->
01:11:22,550
Was she
feeling sorry
for me?
Apa dia merasa
kasihan padaku?
Cultural equivalent
104 01:11:22,570
-->
01:11:26,358
I don't want her
to choose me
just because
she was feeling
sorry for me.
Aku tak mau dia
memilihku hanya
karena kasihan.
Reduction
105 01:11:26,485
-->
01:11:28,855
I have slightly
more dignity
than that.
Aku masih punya
martabat.
Reduction
106 01:11:40,289
--> 01:11:44
I just go up and
talk to her! I
should've
listened to you
all along!
Aku ke sana dan
berbicara
dengannya.
Seharusnya aku
mendengarkanmu.
Couplets (Shift,
reduction)
107 01:12:07,270
-->
01:12:10,401
Oh! "Charles."
I mean,
"Charlie
Brown."
Charles.
Maksudku,
Charlie Brown.
Transference
108 01:12:10,686
-->
01:12:12,399
She’s not here
?
Dia tak di rumah? Paraphrase
109 01:12:12,499
-->
01:12:14,382
On her way to
summer camp?
Dalam perjalanan
ke kemah musim
panas?
Paraphrase
110 01:12:21,361
-->
01:12:24,402
And, by the
way, it was a
pleasure to
meet you,
ma'am.
Omong-omong,
senang berkenalan
dengan Anda, Bu.
Cultural equivalent
111 01:13:19,867
-->
01:13:21,630
How do I get
out of here?
Bagaimana caraku
keluar dari sini?
Paraphrase
112 01:14:47,532
-->
01:14:49,413
You
remembered
my name?
Kau ingat
namaku?
Shift