TranslationWarm-Up:

In your Notebook record:What did the process of Transcription

produce?

Overview of Translation

• During translation, the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA determines the sequence of amino acids in a protein

Overview of Translation

• In translation, each set of THREE nucleotides in an mRNA molecule codes for one amino acid in a protein

• Each set of three nucleotides is called a codon

• Each codon specifies a particular amino acid

Overview of Translation

• The sequence of codons in the mRNA determines the sequence of amino acids in the protein.

How does Translation actually take place?

• mRNA travels out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm of the cell and heads to the cell’s ribosomes.

• But how are the right amino acids added in the right sequence to match the sequence of codons in the mRNA?• Simple! A special type of RNA is required and this

RNA is called transfer RNA (tRNA)• tRNA ensures that the correct amino acid is brought

in to match each codon in the mRNA

tRNA

• Multiple types of tRNA

• Each tRNA has 3 nucleotides that form an anti-codon• The 3 nucleotides in

the tRNA anti-codon are complementary to the 3 nucleotides in the mRNA

Translation• Inside the ribosome, an

mRNA codon is matched with the complementary anti-codon in a tRNA molecule

• tRNA brings the correct amino acid for that position

• Each amino acid is joined by a covalent bond

Translation Modeling Activity

• Working with your elbow partner collect the following supplies and follow the translation instructions provided.

• Supplies:• tRNA molecules• Amino Acids• mRNA from Transcription activity• Page with a Ribosome