transmission line line route selectionline route selectiontower spotting conceptstower spotting .pdf

7/28/2019 TRANSMISSION LINE LINE ROUTE SELECTIONLINE ROUTE SELECTIONTOWER SPOTTING CONCEPTSTOWER SPOTTING .pdf

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TRANSMISSION LINETRANSMISSION LINE

LINE ROUTE SELECTIONLINE ROUTE SELECTION

TOWER SPOTTING CONCEPTSTOWER SPOTTING CONCEPTS

KITTI PETCHSANTHADKITTI PETCHSANTHAD

EGAT, THAILANDEGAT, THAILAND


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Execution shall be made in 3 stagesExecution shall be made in 3 stages

1. Line Route Survey1. Line Route Survey

2. Transmission Line Design2. Transmission Line Design

3. Construction of Transmission Line3. Construction of Transmission Line

HOW TO OBTAIN A TRANSMISSION LINE ?HOW TO OBTAIN A TRANSMISSION LINE ?


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1. Reconnaissance Survey1. Reconnaissance Survey

2. Survey for Design2. Survey for Design3. Survey for Construction3. Survey for Construction

STAGES OF LINE ROUTE SURVEYSTAGES OF LINE ROUTE SURVEY


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PRINCIPLES FOR TRANSMISSION LINE ROUTE SELECTIONPRINCIPLES FOR TRANSMISSION LINE ROUTE SELECTION

Selecting for transmission line route, in principle, shouldSelecting for transmission line route, in principle, should bebe

straight with the shortest distance for engineering andstraight with the shortest distance for engineering and economiceconomic

benefits and it must be considered to the other effectbenefits and it must be considered to the other effects such as :s such as :

forests, environment and the land uses that the transmissforests, environment and the land uses that the transmission line ision line is

passing through.passing through.

Generally, selecting (and /or locating) of the transmissionGenerally, selecting (and /or locating) of the transmission lineline

route shall have the various principles considered, namelroute shall have the various principles considered, namelyy

1.1. PRINCIPLES FOR TRANSMISSION ENGINEERINGPRINCIPLES FOR TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING

2.2. PRINCIPLES REGARDING THE TYPES OF FORESTPRINCIPLES REGARDING THE TYPES OF FOREST

3.3. OTHEROTHER PRINCIPLESPRINCIPLES


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PRACTICES FOR TRANSMISSION LINE ROUTE SELECTIONPRACTICES FOR TRANSMISSION LINE ROUTE SELECTION

1.1. Should use the topographic map scale 1 : 50,000 of RoyalShould use the topographic map scale 1 : 50,000 of Royal ThaiThai

Survey Department as base map with the upSurvey Department as base map with the up toto date anddate and

appropriate scale of the aerial photograph or the satellappropriate scale of the aerial photograph or the satellite imageryite imagery

to determine the preliminary possible transmission line rto determine the preliminary possible transmission line routes byoutes by

the consideration of the appropriation on the principlesthe consideration of the appropriation on the principles of theof the

types of forests and the other principles as well.types of forests and the other principles as well.

2. Perform the reconnaissance survey to find out the add2. Perform the reconnaissance survey to find out the additionalitional

information of land around the selected transmissioninformation of land around the selected transmission line routeline route

area.area.


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PRACTICES FOR TRANSMISSION LINE ROUTE SELECTIONPRACTICES FOR TRANSMISSION LINE ROUTE SELECTION

(CONTINUED)(CONTINUED)

3. Coordinate with the other government agency concerned in the areas.4. Plot the most appropriate transmission line route from the

informationas added in items 2 and 3 on the map scale 1 : 50,000 or

the aerial photograph, with the representatives from System Planning

Division, Transmission System Engineering Division, Environmental

Division, Transmission System Survey and Land Division and

Transmission System Construction Division for further survey in

details of Plan & Profile in the site.


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NoteNote ::

TheseThese principlesprinciples havehave beenbeen determineddetermined byby thethe sixsix (6)(6)

representativesrepresentatives fromfrom thethe relevantrelevant divisionsdivisions consistingconsisting ofof ::

Transmission System SurveyTransmission System Survey andand LandLand DivisionDivision,,

TransmissionTransmission SystemSystem ConstructionConstruction DivisionDivision,, SystemSystem

PlanningPlanning DivisionDivision,, EnvironmentEnvironment DivisionDivision,, TransmissionTransmission

SystemSystem EngineeringEngineering DivisionDivision;; andand havehave beenbeen approvedapproved byby

thethe CommitteeCommittee forfor ConsideringConsidering thethe TransmissionTransmission LineLine

RouteRoute inin thethe meetingmeeting NoNo.3/2541.3/2541 onon 1717 SeptemberSeptember BB..EE.2541.2541


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PRELIMINARY DESIGNPRELIMINARY DESIGN

ELECTRICAL DESIGNELECTRICAL DESIGN

STRUCTURAL DESIGNSTRUCTURAL DESIGN

TOWER SPOTTING DESIGNTOWER SPOTTING DESIGN

TRANSMISSION LINE DESIGNTRANSMISSION LINE DESIGN


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Tower Spotting is mean to SelectSelect TowerTowerTypeTypess,,

TowerTower HeightHeightss andandTowerTower LocationLocationss of Transmission Lineof Transmission Line

onon PlanPlan && ProfileProfile Drawing so thatDrawing so that ::


ByBy ManualManual ((TrialTrial && ErrorError))

ByBy DynamicDynamic ProgrammingProgramming ((ProgramProgram TLCADDTLCADD))


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SelectSelect TowerTowerTypeTypess,,TowerTower HeightHeightss andandTowerTower LocationLocationss

onon PlanPlan && ProfileProfile Drawing so thatDrawing so that ::

1.1. Structures are not OStructures are not Overloadedverloaded2.2. All GeometricalAll Geometrical CClearanceslearances are metare met

3.3. Design is EconomicalDesign is Economical


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1. STRUCTURE ARE NOT OVERLOADED1. STRUCTURE ARE NOT OVERLOADED

For Range of Line Angle :For Range of Line Angle :

Wind SpanWind Span AllowableAllowableBare Cold Weight SpanBare Cold Weight Span Allowable (Down)Allowable (Down)Bare Cold Weight SpanBare Cold Weight Span Allowable (Uplift)Allowable (Uplift)Ice Weight SpanIce Weight Span AllowableAllowable

Method 1 : Basic Allowable SpanMethod 1 : Basic Allowable Span


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For Range of Line Angle :For Range of Line Angle :

AatualAatual Wind and Weight Spans give aWind and Weight Spans give a

point inside Allowable Interaction Diagrampoint inside Allowable Interaction Diagram

Method 2 : Interaction Diagrams BetweenMethod 2 : Interaction Diagrams Between

Allowable Wind and Weight SpansAllowable Wind and Weight Spans

Method 3 : By Structural AnalysisMethod 3 : By Structural Analysis

1. STRUCTURE ARE NOT OVERLOADED1. STRUCTURE ARE NOT OVERLOADED


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2. ALL GEOMETRICAL CLEARANCES ARE MET2. ALL GEOMETRICAL CLEARANCES ARE MET

Vertical ClearanceVertical Clearance -- Hot After Creep, etc.Hot After Creep, etc.

Lateral ClearanceLateral Clearance -- Some Wind After CreepSome Wind After Creep

Insulator SwingsInsulator Swings -- Everyday, Occasional (Cold),Everyday, Occasional (Cold),

Rare (High Wind)Rare (High Wind)

Between PhasesBetween Phases -- Some Wind, Galloping,Some Wind, Galloping,Uneven Ice, etc.Uneven Ice, etc.


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3. DESIGN IS ECONOMICAL3. DESIGN IS ECONOMICAL

Method 1 : Trial and Error using Manual orMethod 1 : Trial and Error using Manual or

Computerized Interactive SpottingComputerized Interactive Spotting

Method 2 : Automatic Minimum Cost SpottingMethod 2 : Automatic Minimum Cost Spotting

Using Dynamic ProgrammingUsing Dynamic Programming


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TENSIONTENSION LIMITSLIMITS

TensionTension limits for conductors arelimits for conductors are

specified to provide adequate factor of safetyspecified to provide adequate factor of safetyagainst failureagainst failure.. These limits are normallyThese limits are normally

specified as a percentage of the rated breakingspecified as a percentage of the rated breaking

strength of the conductorstrength of the conductor..


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TENSIONTENSION LIMITSLIMITS

Initial Tension at 6Initial Tension at 6 ooCC

With WindWith Wind


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CONTROL CONDITIONCONTROL CONDITION

CONTROL TENSION FOR CONDUCTOR :

22% OF ULTIMATE TENSILE STRENGTH

AT 27

O

C (NO WIND)CONTROL SAG FOR OVERHEAD GROUND

WIRE : 75% OF SAG MATCH TOCONDUCTOR SAG AT 27 OC (NO WIND)


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DATA REQUIREMENT FORDATA REQUIREMENT FORTTOWEROWER SSPOTTINGPOTTING DESIGNDESIGN

1.1. TowerTowerTypeType,, TowerTowerHeightHeight andand TowerTowerWeightWeight

2.2. CostCost ofoftowerstowers andand foundationsfoundations

3.3. TowerTowerapplicationapplication andand insulatorinsulatorswingswing datadata

4.4. ConductorConductorsagsag andand tensiontension datadata

5.5. HorizontalHorizontal andand verticalvertical conductorconductorclearancesclearances requirementsrequirements

6.6. TowerTowerlocationlocation restrictionsrestrictions


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DEFINITIONDEFINITION


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RULINGRULING SPANSPANTheThe ruling span is the span length in which the sag and tensionruling span is the span length in which the sag and tension

in the conductor under changes in temperature and external loadiin the conductor under changes in temperature and external loading willng will

most nearly agree with the average sags and tensions in a seriesmost nearly agree with the average sags and tensions in a series of spansof spansof varying length located between deadof varying length located between dead--end supportsend supports.. The ruling span isThe ruling span is

used to determine the design sags and tensionsused to determine the design sags and tensions,, construct the sagconstruct the sag

templatetemplate,,

and prepare the stringing sag tablesand prepare the stringing sag tables..

The ruling span may beThe ruling span may becalculated using the following equationcalculated using the following equation..

nL...3L2L1L

3nL...

33

L32

L31

L

SpanRuling +++

+++

portssupenddeadbetweenlengthsspan...3

L,2

L,1

L =+


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SPANSPAN CALCULATIONSCALCULATIONS

InIn the design of a transmission line therethe design of a transmission line there

are several different types of spans whichare several different types of spans whichrequire definitionrequire definition.. They are wind spanThey are wind span,, weightweight

spanspan andand rulingruling spanspan..


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WINDWIND SPANSPAN

TheThe wind span is used to calculate thewind span is used to calculate the

transverse load on a structuretransverse load on a structure.. The wind span shallThe wind span shall

be the average of the actual horizontal lengths of thebe the average of the actual horizontal lengths of thetwo spans adjacent to the structuretwo spans adjacent to the structure concernedconcerned..ThisThis

isis illustratedillustratedononFigureFigure11


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WEIGHTWEIGHT SPANSPAN

TheThe weight span is used to described theweight span is used to described the

portion of the conductor that is supported by aportion of the conductor that is supported by astructurestructure.. If the supports for the conductor are on theIf the supports for the conductor are on the

same elevationsame elevation,, then the weight span and the windthen the weight span and the windspan will be identicalspan will be identical.. HoweverHowever,, if one support isif one support is

lower than the otherlower than the other,, then the low point of thethen the low point of the

conductor will be closer to the lower supportconductor will be closer to the lower support.. EachEachstructure will then support that portion of thestructure will then support that portion of theconductor between the structure and the low spansconductor between the structure and the low spans..


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Figure 1


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Definition of Wind Span & Weight Span


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H = HORIZONTAL COMPONENT OF TENSION

C = CATENARY CONSTANT = H / W


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UPLIFT


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NO UPLIFT

MAY RESULT IN EXCESSIVE INSULATOR SWING


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FigureFigure 22

TheThe cold curve falls above the point ofcold curve falls above the point ofsupport of the conductor indicating upliftsupport of the conductor indicating uplift..

The cold curveThe cold curves vertical span is negatives vertical span is negative..

WhenWhen deadendingdeadending for this applicationfor this application,, checkcheck

for excessive conductor tension at minimumfor excessive conductor tension at minimum

temperaturetemperature..


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Figure 2


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FigureFigure33

TheThe cold curve falls below the point ofcold curve falls below the point ofsupport of the conductor indicating that nosupport of the conductor indicating that no

uplift would occuruplift would occur..

The cold curveThe cold curves verticals verticalspan is small in relation to the averagespan is small in relation to the averagehorizontal spanhorizontal span.. This may result in excessiveThis may result in excessive

insulator swinginsulator swing..


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Figure 3MAY RESULT IN EXCESSIVE INSULATOR SWING


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SIDE SWING CONTROL


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STRUCTURE LOADING CONTROL


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LineLineSectionSection ororTensionTension SectionSection is spanis span

length betweenlength between TensionTensionTower toTower toTensionTension

TowerTower which havewhich haveSuspensionSuspensionTower in theTower in the

middle sectionmiddle section

LINE SECTIONLINE SECTION OR TENSION SECTIONOR TENSION SECTION


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HHOT CURVEOT CURVE

MaximumMaximum conductor temperatureconductor temperature,, nono,, final sag curvefinal sag curve.. Used to check clearancesUsed to check clearances

,, and structure height on theand structure height on the.. The maximum conductorThe maximum conductor

waswas 7575CC..

windwind ,,

insulator swinginsulator swingplotted profileplotted profile

temperaturetemperature


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CCOLD CURVEOLD CURVE

MinimumMinimum temperaturetemperature,, no windno wind,, initialinitialsag curvesag curve.. Used to check for uplift andUsed to check for uplift and

insulatorinsulator swingswing 66CC was used as thewas used as theminimum conductorminimum conductor temperaturetemperature.. UpliftUplift

conditionsconditions shouldshould bebe avoidedavoided,, forfor EGATEGATss

500500kVkV lineslineswas used insulator swing 4was used insulator swing 4CC..

Conditions considered in the design of


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Conditions considered in the design ofTransmission line cables

a ) Cable behavior after long term Creep( Will happen )

Conditions considered in the design of


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Conditions considered in the design ofTransmission line cables

b ) Cable behavior after being subjected to Heavy load( Assumption )


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DATA INFORMATION REQUIREMENTDATA INFORMATION REQUIREMENT

1.1. Plan & Profile DrawingPlan & Profile Drawing

2.2. Sag Template, Ruling Span and LoadingSag Template, Ruling Span and LoadingCriteriaCriteria

3.3. Structure Application ChartsStructure Application Charts4.4. Vertical Clearances CriteriaVertical Clearances Criteria

5.5. Crossing Clearances CriteriaCrossing Clearances Criteria6.6. Horizontal Clearances CriteriaHorizontal Clearances Criteria


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TowerTowerSpottingSpotting

ManualManual (( TrialTrial && ErrorError)) MethodMethod


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115kV LINETO KAMPHAENPHET

115kV LINE

TO LANKRABU

Ruling Span 330 m.

Distance from P.I. STA.34+192.60 to P.I. STA.37+420.576 = 3227.916 m

Number of Span = Distance between P.I. to P.I. / Rul ing Span

= 3227.916 / 330

= 9.78 Span

Say 10 Span

Distance between Tower = 3227.916 / 10

= 322.79 m

TOWERSPOTTINGBYMANUALDESIGNTOWERSPOTTINGBYMANUALDESIGN

Ban Huai Sai

Ban Rai Kho Si

Ban Rai Kho Si

P.I. STA.41+593.63706-42 -05 LT.

P.I. STA.39+502.78741-14 -06 LT.

P.I. STA.37+420.516

34-18 -16 RT.

P.I. STA.34+192.6012-08 -50 RT.

HUAIERA

HU

AIE

-R

A


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TowerTowerSpottingSpotting

ByBy DynamicDynamic ProgrammingProgramming (( ProgramProgram TLCADDTLCADD ))


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Structure Characteristic

Structure CostTLCADDTLCADD

SoftwareSoftware

Profile (Terrain)

Catenary Constants

Prohibitive Zone

Design

Report

Sheet

Drawing

OUTPUTOUTPUT

Tower Spotting by TLCADD SoftwareTower Spotting by TLCADD Software

TABLE ITABLE IRecommended Minimum Vertical Clearances of Conductor


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Minimum Vertical Clearance (m)Minimum Vertical Clearance (m)CaseCase

No.No.Nature of ClearanceNature of Clearance

69 kV69 kV 115 kV115 kV 230 kV230 kV 500 kV500 kV

1.1. RailroadsRailroads 9.509.50 10.5010.50 11.5011.50 16.0016.00

2.2. StateState//MajorMajorHighwaysHighways 7.007.00 9.009.00 10.0010.00 14.5014.50

3.3. CultivatedCultivated AreasAreas,, GroundGround

accessibleaccessible byby VehiclesVehicles6.306.30 7.007.00 8.408.40 13.0013.00

4.4. GroundGround accessibleaccessible toto pedestrianspedestrians

onlyonly,, UncultivatedUncultivated landland6.306.30 7.007.00 8.408.40 11.0011.00

5.5. CrossingCrossing NavigableNavigable RiverRiver((aboveabove

maximummaximum waterwaterSurfaceSurface))18.0018.00 18.0018.00 18.0018.00 18.0018.00

ForForCASECASE NONO.. 22 ((

ClearanceClearance UtiltyUtilty))8.508.50 16.0016.00 18.0018.00 18.0018.00

Recommended Minimum Vertical Clearances of Conductor

(Based on Final Conductor Sag at Maximum Operating Temperature)

TABLE IITABLE IICrossing Clearances


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Minimum Vertical Clearance (m)Minimum Vertical Clearance (m)CaseCase

No.No.Nature of ClearanceNature of Clearance

69 kV69 kV 115 kV115 kV 230 kV230 kV 500 kV500 kV

1.1. CommunicationCommunication LinesDistributionLinesDistribution

LinesLines2.502.50 4.504.50 5.205.20 5.255.25

2.2. 3333 kVkV andand LessLess 1.501.50 2.002.00 3.503.50 4.654.65

5.5. PowerPowerLinesLines 230230 kVkV 3.703.70 4.304.30 5.805.80 6.006.00

66 ShiedShied WiresWires ofofotherotherLinesLines 1.501.50 2.002.00 3.503.50 4.004.00



77 GasGas pipepipe LinesLines 6.306.30 7.007.00 8.408.40 13.0013.00

g

TABLE II ITABLE IIIRecommended Clearances to other features


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MinimumMinimumHorizontalHorizontal ClearanceClearance ((mm))CaseCase

NoNo..NatureNatureofofClearanceClearance

6969 kVkV 115115 kVkV 230230 kVkV 500500 kVkV

1.1. RailroadsRailroads ** 15.0015.00 ** 15.0015.00 ** 20.0020.00 65.0065.00

2.2. StateState//MajorMajorHighwaysHighways ** 15.0015.00 ** 15.0015.00 ** 20.0020.00 75.0075.00

3.3. CountryCountry roadsroads ** 15.0015.00 ** 15.0015.00 ** 20.0020.00 55.0055.00

4.4. FarmFarm laneslanes,, DirtDirt RoadsRoads,, CartCart tracktrack 15.0015.00 15.0015.00 20.0020.00 25.0025.00

5.5. CanalCanal 15.0015.00 15.0015.00 20.0020.00 20.0020.00

6.6. BuildingsBuildings 12.0012.00 12.0012.00 20.0020.00 35.0035.00

7.7. PowerPowerLineLine 230230 kVkV ** 15.0015.00 ** 15.0015.00 ** 20.0020.00 50.0050.00



10.10. DistributionDistribution LinesLines 3333 kVkV andand lessless 15.0015.00 15.0015.00 20.0020.00 40.0040.00

11.11. GasGas pipepipe lineslines 15.0015.00 15.0015.00 20.0020.00 43.0043.00

(Based on minimum distance to tower center line)

115115 kVkV TRANSMISSIONTRANSMISSION LINELINE

DOUBLEDOUBLE CIRCUITCIRCUIT TOWERTOWER

FF 11 795795 MCMMCM ACSRACSR


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FForor 11 xx 795795 MCMMCM ACSRACSR

( Ruling Span 330 M, R.O.W. = 12.0 m. each )

Structural Application, Height and Leg Extension )

TYPETYPEDEVIATIONDEVIATION

ANGLEANGLE

WINDWIND

SPANSPAN((mm))

WEIGHTWEIGHT

SPANSPAN ((mm))

4.04.0 mm..

BODYBODY ExtExt..LEGLEG ExtExt..

SPOTTINGSPOTTING

HTHT.. ((mm))

DADA11 00 11oo

340340 495495 YY 11 14.514.5

LDALDA11 00 11oo

650650 13001300 YY 22 15.515.5

DBDB22 00 1515oo

330330 495495 YY 33 16.516.5

DCDC22 00 3030oo

330330 495495 YY 44 17.517.5

DDDD22 00 6060oo 330330 495495 YY 55 OROR 11 ++ BEBE 18.518.5

DEDE22 00 9090oo

330330 495495 YY 66 OROR 22 ++ BEBE 19.519.5

DTDT22 00 11oo

340340 495495 NN 77 OROR 33 ++ BEBE 20.520.5

00oo

++CompleteComplete

165165 250250 44 ++ BEBE 21.521.5

4545oo SlackSlack 215215 325325 55++ BEBE 22.522.5

00oo

++

CompleteComplete

165165 250250 66 ++ BEBE 23.523.5

9090oo SlackSlack 215215 325325 77 ++ BEBE 24.524.5

YYDDEDDE(90)(90)

YYDDEDDE

Structure Weight ( Complete Tower, in kg .)Structure Weight ( Complete Tower, in kg .)


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LEGLEG EXTENSIONEXTENSION

++ 44 ++ 55 ++ 66 ++ 77

4+4+BEBE 5+5+BEBE 6+6+BEBE 7+7+BEBE

3,6153,615 3,7553,755 3,8953,895 4,1154,115

4,7404,740 4,8804,880 5,0205,020 5,2405,240

4,9504,950 5,1505,150 5,3505,350 5,5705,570

6,2906,290 6,4906,490 6,6906,690 6,9106,910

5,2505,250 5,3905,390 5,6905,690 5,9705,970

6,6306,630 6,7706,770 7,0707,070 7,3507,350

6,1806,180 6,3806,380 6,6206,620 7,0207,020

7,9157,915 8,1158,115 8,3558,355 8,7558,755

8,3308,330 8,6508,650 8,9308,930 9,3509,350

10,52510,525 10,84510,845 11,12511,125 11,54511,545

6,0006,000 6,1406,140 6,4406,440 6,7206,720

-- -- -- --

8,5408,540 8,8608,860 9,1409,140 9,5609,560

10,73510,735 11,05511,055 11,33511,335 11,75511,755

10,41010,410 10,73010,730 11,13011,130 11,63011,630

12,71012,710 13,03013,030 13,43013,430 13,93013,930DDEDDE(90)(90) 2,3002,300 9,5109,510 9,8109,810 10,11010,110

DDEDDE 2,1952,195 7,7407,740 7,9607,960 8,2408,240

DTDT22 1,3801,380 5,4805,480 5,6205,620 5,7605,760

DEDE22

DDDD22 2,1952,195 7,5307,530 7,7507,750 8,0308,030

DCDC22 1,7351,735 5,5805,580 5,7405,740 5,9205,920

DBDB22 1,3801,380 4,7304,730 4,8704,870 5,0105,010

LDALDA11 1,3401,340 4,4704,470 4,6104,610 4,7504,750

DADA11 1,1251,125 3,2153,215 3,3153,315 3,4553,455

++ 11 ++ 22 ++ 33

TYPETYPE BEBE :: (4.0(4.0 mm))

115 kV Transmission Line (1 x 795 MCM ACSR)115 kV Transmission Line (1 x 795 MCM ACSR)


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Ruling Span = 330 m., R.O.W = 12 m.

(Pascal)

(Pascal)

(Pascal)

(16 kg/m2)

(88 kg/m2)

(52.5 kg/m2)


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Conductor PropertiesConductor Properties

mm2

mm

N/mGPa

LoadingLoading CriteriaCriteria


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LoadingLoading CriteriaCriteria

LoadingLoading CriteriaCriteria (Continued)


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Loading conditions andLoading conditions and CatenaryCatenary constant Tableconstant Table


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Structure CharacteristicsStructure Characteristics


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Structure CharacteristicsStructure Characteristics

Structure CharacteristicsStructure Characteristics (Continued)


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Structure CharacteristicsSt uctu e C a acte st cs (Co t ued)



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Terrain

Structure Characteristics ( )



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StructureStructure CostCost


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StructureSt uctu e CostCost

StructureStructure CostCost (Continued)


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Structure Cost ( )


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FROM DESIGN REPORT

1. Located Towers on Plan & Profile Dwg.

2. Structure List & Summary List


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Questions?

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