transport and installation of offshore wind turbines...background and motivation wind energy –...
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Transport and installation of offshore wind turbines Rune Yttervik, Statoil ASA, TPD RDI UNC RR OWI
MARE-WINT Opening Lectures, September 6, 2013
MARE-WINT Opening Lectures, September 6, 2013
Contents of presentation
• Background and motivation
• Transport and installation on land
• Transport and installation offshore
− Sheringham Shoal
− Integrated operations
− Marine operations
• Challenges
• Weather windows
• Lifting and landing components
• Marine operations in offshore wind - R&D activities in Statoil
MARE-WINT Opening Lectures, September 6, 2013
Background and motivation Wind energy – some selected highlights
• 5000 BC Egypt . Sailing on the Nile
• 200 BC China & Persia - Windmills for pumping water (China) and grinding grain (Persia and Middle-East).
• 1100 Europe - Windmills for grinding grain are brought to Europe by merchants and crusaders.
• 1300 Holland, France - Pumping water, drainage and irrigation.
• 1700 Europe - Windmills produce around 1500 MW of power.
• 1800 America - Windmills come to America.
• 1887 Scotland - First electricity producing wind turbine (Professor James Blyth in Glasgow).
• 1891 Denmark - The first wind turbine to incorporate modern aerodynamic design principles is built
by Poul La Cour.
• 1931 France - The first vertical-axis turbine, George Darrieus.
• 1930 Soviet Union - A precursor to the modern horizontal wind generator is used in Yalta, generating
100kW.
• 1941 USA - The first multi-MW turbine (1.5 MW) is built in Vermont.
• 1956 Denmark - The Gedser wind turbine is built by Johannes Juul, a former student of Poul La
Cour. This three-bladed turbine inspired many later designs.
• 1960 Germany - Advanced designs, including fibre-glass and plastic blades with variable pitch, are
developed
• 1970 USA - NASA begins research on large wind turbines.
• 1973 World - Oil crisis in 1973 causes government-sponsored research programs within
renewable energy to be launched.
(Germany, Sweden, Canada, Great Britain.
• 1980 USA - The first wind-farm in the World is built in New Hampshire (20 turbines), but is a
failure.
• 1991 UK - The first on-shore wind-farm in UK is opened in Cornwall
• 1991 Denmark - The first offshore wind-farm (11 × 450 kW) is built in Vindeby
• 2003 UK - First offshore wind-farm (North Hoyle, 30 × 2 MW) in the UK is built off the north
Wales coast
• 2009 Norway - The first full-scale floating wind turbine (Hywind Demo) is installed off the south-
west coast of Norway
MARE-WINT Opening Lectures, September 6, 2013
Electric
First wind-farm
First offshore
wind-farm
First floating
wind turbine
MARE-WINT Opening Lectures, September 6, 2013
Background and motivation Development of offshore wind turbine size – historical and predicted
• The European Wind Initiative
− R&D programme created by the European wind industry and the European Commission and Member States.
− Objective:
• maintain Europe’s technology leadership in onshore and offshore wind power;
• make onshore wind the most competitive energy source by 2020, with offshore following by 2030;
• achieve a 20% share of wind energy in EU total electricity consumption by 2020;
• create 250,000 new skilled jobs in the EU by 2020.
MARE-WINT Opening Lectures, September 6, 2013
Background and motivation Development of number of offshore wind turbines – historical and predicted
Source: EWEA Report (2013),
The European Wind Initiative - Wind power research and development to 2020
The figure is made assuming that the average size of a wind turbine in 2030
is 2 MW onshore and 10 MW offshore, in 2020 it is assumed to be 1.5 MW
onshore and 5 MW offshore, and in 2008 it is assumed that the average
size was 1,3 MW onshore and 2 MW offshore.
MARE-WINT Opening Lectures, September 6, 2013
Background and motivation Conclusion and premise
Several thousand large wind turbines
must be built in Europe every year
over the next 15 years.
This requires a large effort within
design, manufacturing, grid development,
operation, maintenance and, of course,
TRANSPORT and INSTALLATION
Transport on land
MARE-WINT Opening Lectures, September 6, 2013
http://www.renewableenergyfocus.com/view/11816/transporting-62-m-wind-turbine-blades/ www.liftra.com/html/transport_shipping_uk.html/
Repower 6M, 6MW nacelle Goldhofer trailer
Installation on land
MARE-WINT Opening Lectures, September 6, 2013
2
3 4 1
Going offshore
MARE-WINT Opening Lectures, September 6, 2013
MARINE OPERATIONS
Transport on water
• Advantages of transport on water:
− Transport many units at the same time
− Transport large units
− No road construction necessary
− No problems with public traffic
MARE-WINT Opening Lectures, September 6, 2013
http://www.jjuc.no/191
Ugland barge UR96
Transition pieces for
Sheringham Shoal
Image supplied by www.chpv.co.uk, courtesy of Scira Offshore Energy
• Dis-advantages of transport on water:
− Dependent on the weather
− Components are not generally designed for transport and installation offshore
− Need for seafastening (in some cases it is possible that the transport phase is dimensioning for the structure, but this can be the case on shore as well)
Transport on water
MARE-WINT Opening Lectures, September 6, 2013
http://www.jjuc.no/191
Hywind Demo sub-structure tow from Finland to Norway
Monopile and transition piece installation at Sheringham Shoal
MARE-WINT Opening Lectures, September 6, 2013
Images supplied by www.chpv.co.uk, courtesy of Scira Offshore Energy
Tower, nacelle and rotor installation at Sheringham Shoal
MARE-WINT Opening Lectures, September 6, 2013
Images supplied by www.chpv.co.uk, courtesy of Scira Offshore Energy
Leviathan
Endeavour
Integrated installation offshore - Beatrice
MARE-WINT Opening Lectures, September 6, 2013
Source: Repower Systems AG Source: Talisman
Integrated installation offshore – Hywind Demo
MARE-WINT Opening Lectures, September 6, 2013
Installation of Hywind using tiltable ramp on pipe-laying vessel (integrated installation)
MARE-WINT Opening Lectures, September 6, 2013
MARE-WINT Opening Lectures, September 6, 2013
Marine operations – some challenges
Multiple bodies, floating and fixed
Wind
Dynamic system
−𝜔M+ C x=0, 𝜆x = M−1Cx
𝜼 =F𝒂𝑒
𝑖𝜔𝑡
−𝜔2𝑴+ 𝑖𝜔𝑩 + 𝑪
Coupling elements
Ocean waves
Ocean currents
Control systems
Non-stationary
Short duration
Marine operations – establish weather window
• Input:
− Sequence of sub-operations
• Type
• Start time
• Duration (statistical)
• Duration of weather forecast when this is to be included
• Operation limits on one or several parameters (or probability-of-failure approach)
• Forecast limits
− Weather data
• Long time series or statistical representation
• Output
− Statistics of operational duration, waiting on weather, seasonal variations, etc.
MARE-WINT Opening Lectures, September 6, 2013
MARSIM screenshots
Typical marine operation – lifting and landing components
• Put object on sea bed
• Put object on other
components, floating or fixed
• Crane on floating platform
• Crane on fixed platform
MARE-WINT Opening Lectures, September 6, 2013
(Nielsen, F. G., Lecture notes in marine operations, NTNU, 2007)
Typical marine operation – lifting and landing components
• Heavy lifts
− Coupled dynamics
− Motion compensation not possible,
W > 1000 tonnes
− Multibody dynamics
• Light lifts
− Minor coupling
− Motion compensation possible,
W < 100 tonnes
− Static deformation of lifting wire
− Vertical oscillation of mass-wire
system
− Mathieu instability
MARE-WINT Opening Lectures, September 6, 2013
(Nielsen, F. G., Lecture notes in marine operations, NTNU, 2007)
MAROP OWI – R&D activities and plans in Statoil
• Background
− A multitude of different solutions for transport- and
installation of offshore wind turbines exist in the industry.
− Not all are well proven and qualified.
• Purpose
− We wish to develop and use adequate tools for computer
simulation of marine operations in order to evaluate
transport- and installation methods ourselves.
− The tools must contain the functionality required in order
to model the physical systems satisfactorily.
• Method
− Analysis of the actual problem we want to analyse.
− Identification of the equipment and capabilities we need in
order to solve the problem .
− Establish the functionality we must have in our software
tools in order to model the identified equipment and
capabilities.
− Implement and test prioritised functionality
MARE-WINT Opening Lectures, September 6, 2013
MAROP OWI – R&D activities and plans in Statoil
• Implementing prioritised functionality
• Obtaining and using experimental data for
testing of methods and procedures, important
functionality and dynamic effects
• Developing theory and methods for motion
compensation of mechanisms and systems
• Decision support tool for installation of offshore
wind farms.
• Develop theoretical basis for estimating
statistical properties for responses during
marine operations.
• New (improved) geotechnical model for contact
(impact) between jack-up legs and seabed.
MARE-WINT Opening Lectures, September 6, 2013
From Vinje, T., Kaalstad, J. P. and Daniel, D W.,
A statistical method for evaluation of heavy lift operations offshore, ISOPE, 1991.
Summary/conclusions
• Several large turbines must be installed in Europe in the coming years
• The largest of these will be installed offshore (for commercial use)
• Different types of offshore wind turbines and transport- and installation methods
− Fixed foundation – sequential (and to some extent integrated)
− Floating foundation – sequential and integrated
• Complex marine operations must be carried out
• Complex dynamic system of floating/fixed structures, environmental loading, control
system and coupling elements
• Many concepts are ‘out there’ – we must be able to evaluate them ourselves ->
R&D within MAROP OWI
• Several interesting challenges for the industry and academia
MARE-WINT Opening Lectures, September 6, 2013
Transport and installation of
offshore wind turbines
Rune Yttervik
Statoil ASA, TPD RDI UNC RR OWI
www.statoil.com
MARE-WINT Opening Lectures, September 6, 2013