transport fundamental

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Transport Fundamentals(Dasar-dasar Teknik Transportasi)

Prof.Ir.SIGIT PRIYANTO,M.Sc.,PhD

Dr. PAWINEE IAMTRAKUL

August 2008

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Definition, Progress in Transportation

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Transportation in multidimensionalTransportation in multidimensional

One of the basic functions of transportation is to link residence with employment and producers of goods with their users.

From a wider viewpoint, transportation facilities provide the options for • work,

• Shopping & recreation,

• access to health,

• education,

• other amenities.

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Role of Transportation

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Progress in TransportationHuman beings are known to have laid out and used convenient routes as early as 30,000 B.C.

Traders and Migrants opened up most major routes of communication, but military has generally been responsible for improving the status of early routes built by civilians.

The first wheeled military vehicles were developed around 2500 B.C.

Steady progress has since been maintained in providing the highway and street network in proving vehicles for moving people and goods over this network and in enhancing ability of driver to operate the vehicles.

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Progress in TransportationBefore bicycles and motor vehicles came into fashion, vehicle speeds seldom exceeded 10 mph.Naturally, a surface of compacted broken stone made an ideal pavement surface, even for the solid iron wheels then in use.People who traveled on foot could manage between 10 and 25 miles per dayHorse could make almost 40 miles per dayBy the late 1840s, the hourse-drawn street car appeared in a number of cities, average speed of about 4 mphUntil 1880s, electrically propelled transportation was introduced (beginning of world war I)In 1885, Daimler and Benz’s introduction of the gasoline-powered internal combustion engine

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Technology development in transportation

The first pipelines in the United States were introduced in 1825.The internal-combustion engine was invented in 1866.The first automobile was produced in 1886 (by Daimler and Benz).The Wright brothers flew the first heavier-than-air machine in 1903.The first diesel electric locomotive was introduced in 1921.Lindbergh flew over the Atlantic Ocean to Europe in 1927.The first diesel engine buses were used in 1938.The first limited-access highway in the United States (the Pennsylvania Turnpike) opened in 1940.The Interstate Highway system was initiated in 1950.The first commercial jet appeared in 1958.Human beings landed on the moon in 1969.The use of computers and automation in transportation grew dramatically through the 1960s and 1970s and continues today.Microcomputers have revolutionized our capabilities to run programs in the 1980s.

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Transportation System and Components

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INTRODUCTION TO TRANSPORTATION AND SYSTEM

System:The relationship between one variable and other variables in an activity.

Objectives of Transportation System:Optimum journey can be reached with safe, comfort, and low cost.

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Transportation: The movement of goods/people from oneplace to other places

When there is demand of transport:- Supply is not sufficient- Mobility is happen- Transportation system is created- Mobility is going to be optimum

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Transportation System Components1. Fixed Facilities

Fixed Physical Components- Road Network, Rail Road, Pipe- Terminal, station, harbor, airport

2. Flow entities and technologyVehicles, rolling stocks, container (based on the characteristic)

3. Control System- Vehicular control- Flow control

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Relationship with other sciences- Basic sciences- Mathematics- Economy- Geography

Role of Transportation- Natural Transportation Use nature as facilities and infrastructure of

transport- Modern Transportation (Artificial)

Use technology as facilities and infrastructureof transportCorrelation between lifestyle, scope, and

productive location is happen

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The transportation SystemA transportation system may be defined as consisting of the• Fixed facilities,

• Flow entities,

• Control system

This system permits people and goods to overcome the friction of geographical space efficiently in order to participate in a timely manner in some desired activity.

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Fixed Facilities

Fixed facilities are the physical components of the system that are fixed in space and constitute • network of links (e.g., roadway segments,

railway track, and pipes)

• nodes (e.g., intersections, interchanges, transit terminals, harbors, and airports) of the transportation system.

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Source: Adapted from P. Haggett (2001) Geography: A Modern Synthesis, 4th Edition, New York: Prentice Hall.

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II. TRANSPORTATION NETWORK

Network TypeThe network consists of roads and intersectionswhich is correlate between one and other.

× Grid NetworkUsually in metropolitanarea

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× Radial NetworkObjective: focus to main area

example: Central Business District

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× Ring Radial NetworkCombination between radial network and ring networkShow that the center city is more important than other part of the cities

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× Hexagonal NetworkScattering and gathering intersectionUseful for defence purposes

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× Delta NetworkModification from hexagonal networkTo cope with more journey

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Type of Network

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Flow Entities

Flow entities are the units that traverse the fixed facilities that include vehicles, container units, railroad cars, and so on.In the case of the highway system the fixed facilities are expected to accommodate a wide variety of vehicles types, ranging from bicycles to large tractor-trailer combinations.Flow entities are considered only in terms of their generic characteristics, such as size, weight, and acceleration and deceleration capabilities, rather than in terms of their specific technological design, which is normally undertaken by mechanical and electrical engineers.

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Control SystemThe control system consists of vehicular control and flow control.• Vehicular control refers to the technological way

in which individual vehicles are guided on the fixed facilities.

• Such control can be manual or automated.

• The proper geometric design of the fixed facilities must incorporate, in addition to the characteristics of the vehicle, the characteristics of the vehicular control system.

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Flow control

In the case of highway facilities, where the vehicles are manually controlled, these include driver characteristics, • such as the time a driver takes to perceive and react to

various stimuli;

• examples of such human factors are contained in our transportation study program.

In the case of automated systems similar but more precisely definable response times exist as well.

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Movement & Transportation

Reason that people and goods move from one place to another can be explained by the following three conditions:• Complementarity: the relative attractiveness betweeen

two or more destinations;• Transferibility: the desire to overcome distance,

measured in terms of time and money needed to overcome this distance and best technology available to achieve this;

• Intervening: opportunities to competition among several locations to satisfy demand and supply

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Land Use and Transportation CycleLand use is one of the prime determinants of movement and activity, trip generationSuch a movement will dictate transportation facilities such as streets and bus systems, will be need to move a TRAFFICWhen such additional facilities have been provided, the system will naturally have increased accessibilityA change in accessibility will determine the change, if any, in the value of land

Land Use

Land Value

Accessibility

Trips

Transportation Needs

Transportation Facility

Source: Chapter 1:Transprotation As A System. Khisty and Lall 1998

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System HierarchyUrban System

Land UseTransportation

SystemWater System

Telecommunications System

Institutional Structure

Infrastructure and services

System Users

Mode of Transportation

Intermodal Connections

Transit Network

Highway Network

Nonmotorized Network

Arterials Collectors Local

Major Minor Major Minor

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Functional Streets & Highways

Arterial: Provide direct service for cities and larger town (generate and attract a large proportion of trips)Collector: Serves small towns directly and connect them to the arterial networkLocal streets: Bottom level of the system which serve individual farms and other rural land usage

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Public Transportation System Hierarchy

The regional transit network: provide fast and frequent transit service to central city, regional centers, industrial areas, and intermodal facilityA community transit network: focus on accessibility and service coverage, speed is not the major concern that include community bus, mini bus, paratransit and park and rideInterurban public transportation services: provide transit opportunities for intercity movements include passenger rail, intercity bus, and passenger intermodal terminals or transfer pointsTransit service for special needs populations provides service to students, elderly, economically disadvantage, mobility impaired and other with special needs

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Regional Bicycle Functional Classification

Regional access bikeways: focus on accessibility to and within the central city, regional centers and some larger town centersRegional corridor bikeways: provide point to point connectivity between the central city, regional centers, and larger town centersCommunity connector bikeways: connect small town centers, main streets, rail stations, industrial areas, and regional attractionsMultiuse paths with bicycle transportation function: connect work sites, schools, transit stations, stores, and other work/recreational/shop destinations

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Regional Pedestrian System Functional Classification

Pedestrian districts: area of high or potential high pedestrian activity where a walkable environment is desiredTransit/mixed use corridor: locate along transit lines and will be the subject of increased development densitiesMultiuse paths with pedestrian transportation function: paved, off-streets regional facilities that accommodate pedestrian and bicycle travel

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System purposeEstablish the linkage between transportation system performance and other systems such as the economy, environment, or communityProvide opportunities for mobility and accessibility• Mobility: The ability and knowledge to travel from

one location to another in a reasonable amount of time and for acceptable costs

• Accessibility: The means by which an individual can accomplish some economic or social activity through access to that activity

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System BoundaryThe key challenge to transportation planners is establishing the appropriate definition of the system boundary, relate to the economic and environmental contexts of transportation and in defining impacts on other systemsThe study boundary did not stop at jurisdictional lines and in fact, crossed national boundariesBoundary will vary in relation to the problem definition, decision domain, and scale of analysisThe boundary must be initially defined broadly enough to cover the spatial and temporal interrelationships associated with system effectsThe boundary itself can become an importation part of the analysis by examining the inputs and outputs that across it

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P. 97

Central Business District

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System Component

System Users: characteristics of users will influence travel behavior that is important for choosing one means of transportation or mode over anotherMode: means of transportation that provide service with different performance characteristics to serve different trip purposesInfrastructure: provide the modal networks, facilities and services necessary for mobility in metropolitan areasIntermodal connections: transfer points, terminals and stations where movement occur between modes, critical components of an effective multimodal transportation systemStakeholders: include different segments of community effected by transportation

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System Performance

Level of service: use in transportation planning to describe performance conditions in terms of operational characteristics of interest to users• Speed• Travel time, • Freedom to maneuver, • Comfort• convenience

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Overview of Transportation Systems Characteristics

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Transportation System Classification

Transportation systems can be categorized in several ways.

For example, they may be classified according to • the types of technology they employ,

• the function or type of service they provide,

• who owns or is responsible for their implementation and operation, and so forth.

Each of these diverse typologies views transportation systems from a different perspective and is useful in making distinctions that are relevant to different types of transportation-related decisions.

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Mode Classification SchemeFreight Passenger

Urban Truck (highway)

Private auto (highway)

Transit (highway/rail)

Intercity Truck (highway)

Private auto (highway)

Rail Bus (highway)

Ocean shipping Rail

Inland water Air

Pipeline

Air

Special purpose

Conveyor belt

Cable System

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Mode of TransportationThe transportation system is further categorized into four major subsystems according to the medium on which the flow elements are supported.

The four major subsystems are:• Land transport

• Water transport

• Air transport

• Continuous flow system

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TRANSPORTATION MODAL CHARACTERISTIC

Road Characteristic• Highway Transportation• Railway Transportation• Inland Water Transport• Urban Transportation

• Door to door service• Giving free to user

• Easy to developed

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Railway Transportation• Saving energy• Complicated Regulation• High Capacity

Sea Transportation• High Capacity• Indirectly service (No door to door)• Low Speed

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Air Transportation ASDP Transportation

High Capacity Saving Energy

Complicated Regulation

High Capacity

High Technology Simple technology

High Safety

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TRANSPORTATION MODAL DEVELOPMENT

Air Transportation Modal• Air network development• Airport development• Air infrastructure and facilities development

Sea Transportation Modal• Sea network development• Port and Harbor development• Sea infrastructure and facilities development

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Road Transportation1. Highway Transportation Modal

• Network development• Network increasing function• Terminal development• Public transport development

2. Railway Transportation Modal• Railway network development• Train facility development• Signaling development

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Inland Water TransportationRiver and inland water developmentIncreasing river and inland water transportation facilities and infrastructure

Other Transportation Modals(usually used for good transportation)

Conveyor belt Pipe Cable

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Land Transport

Highways

Rail Transport

Highways• A rubber-tired wheel on smooth, firm roadway features

the technology used by auto, trucks, buses, bicycles, motorcycles, taxis, etc.

Railways• Flanged-wheel-on-rail (steel wheeled or rubber wheeled).

• Railroads, rail transit (MRT, MTR, METRO, etc.) tram.

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Land TransportLand Transport

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The Ximen station, one of the stations of Metro Taipei.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Taipei

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Bangkok BRTBangkok BRT

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Bangkok BRTBangkok BRT

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Tap-Tap Cab (Haiti)

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Railway: Personal Rapid Transit System

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Technology and Transportation

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Pedestrian & Transportation

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Water Transport

Natural or artificial channels and bodies of water serve as roadways.

ships, barges, pleasure craft, submarines, etc.

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Air TransportUse of air space at a more than nominal height above the ground.

Example: jet, helicopter, VTOL (vertical-takeoff-and-landing), STOL (steep).

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Continuous Flow Systems

Pipelines

Provides transportation for water, sewage, petroleum, gas, stream, heat, etc.

Belts, cables.

Conveyors- people movers, escalator, etc.

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Evaluation to Transportation Modal

Operation Operator Capacity

Road Difficult Many Low

Sea Medium Few High

Air Easy Moderate Medium

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Transportation System Improvement Aspect

xxx = very important to improve xx = important to improvex = less important to improve

Service Cost Maintenance

Safety Environment And

Energy

Human Resource

Institution

Road xxx x xxx xxx xxx x xx

Sea xx xx xx x x x xxx

Air xx xxx xx x x xx xx

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Elements of Transportation System

4 Major Components or Elements of Transport

The vehicle or carrier or unit of carriage

The motive power or unit propulsion

The way

The terminal

4 Major Components or Elements of Transport

The vehicle or carrier or unit of carriage

The motive power or unit propulsion

The way

The terminal

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The Vehicle or CarrierEvery mode of transport must have a unit of carriage in which the goods or passengers actually move (acts as a carrying unit for the conveyance of passengers and/or freight).

• Passenger carrier

• Freight carrier.

Cars, buses, airplane,

trucks, ships, etc.

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Motive Power

is necessary to propel or drive the carrier

natural or man-made power

wind combustion power

Gravity jet propulsion

animal electric drive

human muscle steam power

etc. etc.

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The Way The way is defined as the medium on or through which the transport unit travels in performing its function.

3 Classifications:• natural ways: air, open sea, river, etc.

• artificially improved natural ways: canals, etc.

• artificial ways: roads, tracks, etc.

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The TerminalPlaces where interchange between different vehicles of • same mode of transport

• between different modes of transport can take place.

Terminal range in size from a simple roadside bus stop to huge complex of a major port.

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LEVEL OF SERVICE

Introduction and ConceptLevel of service is determined by the comparison between transport facilities and infrastructure conditions:• Infrastructure

Comparison between volume and capacity (vehicle/hour)

• FacilityComparison between number of passenger and vehicle capacity (seat)

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Transportation modals competition level are depends on:D SpeedD Door to door service ability

Transportation modal usage are depends on: D DistanceD Journey time

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Level of Service

Level of service is depends on:Road network facilitiesTransport modal availableControl and communicationOther Facilities (ambulance, fire fighter, police patrol, post, etc)

Service cost level is depends on city size and number of resident

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Urban TransportationTransport Management

Ramp Meteringcontra flowCity zoning Flex – time/staggered work hoursRestricted accessRegulation of parkingDemand responsive public transport (special service)

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URBAN TRANSPORTATION

Background

Resident area which is near from harbor, river, or lake are become a city

City grows along the railway and highway side

City grows along the main road

City center grow become CBD (Central Business District)

8181

Congestion and Pollution

Disintegrated operational systemDisintegrated operational system Danger, uncomfortable, high costDanger, uncomfortable, high cost Government regulation on public Government regulation on public

transport only issuestransport only issues

Private vehicle usage

Decreased productivity

TRANSPORTATION PROBLEMSTRANSPORTATION PROBLEMSTRANSPORTATION PROBLEMSTRANSPORTATION PROBLEMS

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Urban Transportation Modal

Walking is the main modal

Other modals:

1. Private Vehicle

a. Alone

b. With passenger

c. Car pooling

2. Van pooling/Para transit

some people rent a car

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3. Taxi

Users are:

• Tourist

• Visitors

• Businessman

4. Non mass transit:

• School bus

• Employer bus

• Difable or children bus, etc.

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5. Light rail (electric street car)6. Rail rapid transit (mass rapid transit)7. Commuter (regional) rail system 8. Air and water services

• Helicopter• Ferry

Modal CombinationPark – and – ride Private car – park – public transportationKiss – and – ridePrivate car passenger dropped off at terminal

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PUBLIC TRANSPORT

1. Characteristics of public transport

High demand for public transport

Passenger desire:

- Short duration for waiting time and journey time

- Seat availability

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2. Group of public transportation operatorsa. National or local company

Government company or co-operationStandard service routeStandard service system

b. Private company Special service routeSpecial service systemDisintegrated with other public transportation

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3. Public transport classificationa. Based on service:

• Basis system• Supplement system

b. Based on function:• Connecting• Spreading

c. Based on service route:• Short distance• Long distance

d. Based on service area:• Urban area• Regional area

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Transportation System Classification

Route level Bus stop Name

300 km 150 km International system

80 – 300 km 50 km National system

30 – 800 km 20 km Interregional system

30 km 3 km Regional system

Resident area 0.8 km Urban system

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GOVERNMENT STEPS TO SOLVE THE URBAN TRANSPORTATION PROBLEM ARE :

Development Program

MACRO TRANSPORTATION PATTERN

Case of Jakarta

Which is combine 4 Public Transportation System

1.1. Bus PriorityBus Priority (ie: busway) (ie: busway)2.2. LRTLRT (Light Rail Transit) (Light Rail Transit)3.3. MRTMRT (Mass Rapid Transit) (Mass Rapid Transit)4.4. ASDPASDP (River or Lake Public Transport) (River or Lake Public Transport)

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Mass Transport CharacteristicMass Transport Characteristic(Velocity, Construction Cost, Capacity)(Velocity, Construction Cost, Capacity)

Modal TypeVelocity Cost Capacity

km/hour Million USD/km route/hour-lane

1 MRT Mix 10–120,5-2,5

15.000

Excl. 15–30 35.000

2 Train Mix 10-12 3-5 12.000

3 Light Train 15-25 12-25 18.000-40.000

4 Metro Surface 30-35 30-40 20.000-50.000

5 Metro Subway 30-35 85-105 25.000-70.000

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130 vehicles with 160 passengers!

Too much empty chair on the way!85 passengers x 2 buses = 170 passengers!!

Compare with

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1.1. Bus Priority System Bus Priority System (example: Trans Jakarta)(example: Trans Jakarta)

Since January 15, 2004 on first corridor(Blok M - Kota: 12,9 km)

Until 2010 will developed become 14 corridors (159 km)

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0 2.5

kilometers

5

Pasar MingguPasar MingguPasar MingguPasar MingguPasar MingguPasar MingguPasar MingguPasar MingguPasar Minggu

Kampung MelayuKampung MelayuKampung MelayuKampung MelayuKampung MelayuKampung MelayuKampung MelayuKampung MelayuKampung Melayu

ManggaraiManggaraiManggaraiManggaraiManggaraiManggaraiManggaraiManggaraiManggarai

Pulo GadungPulo GadungPulo GadungPulo GadungPulo GadungPulo GadungPulo GadungPulo GadungPulo Gadung

CiledugCiledugCiledugCiledugCiledugCiledugCiledugCiledugCiledug

KalideresKalideresKalideresKalideresKalideresKalideresKalideresKalideresKalideres

Tanah AbangTanah AbangTanah AbangTanah AbangTanah AbangTanah AbangTanah AbangTanah AbangTanah Abang

Blok MBlok MBlok MBlok MBlok MBlok MBlok MBlok MBlok M

Lebak BulusLebak BulusLebak BulusLebak BulusLebak BulusLebak BulusLebak BulusLebak BulusLebak Bulus Pinang RantiPinang RantiPinang RantiPinang RantiPinang RantiPinang RantiPinang RantiPinang RantiPinang Ranti

KlenderKlenderKlenderKlenderKlenderKlenderKlenderKlenderKlender

Rawa MangunRawa MangunRawa MangunRawa MangunRawa MangunRawa MangunRawa MangunRawa MangunRawa Mangun

SenenSenenSenenSenenSenenSenenSenenSenenSenen

Muara AngkeMuara AngkeMuara AngkeMuara AngkeMuara AngkeMuara AngkeMuara AngkeMuara AngkeMuara Angke

Tanjung PriokTanjung PriokTanjung PriokTanjung PriokTanjung PriokTanjung PriokTanjung PriokTanjung PriokTanjung Priok

Kp. RambutanKp. RambutanKp. RambutanKp. RambutanKp. RambutanKp. RambutanKp. RambutanKp. RambutanKp. Rambutan

GrogolGrogolGrogolGrogolGrogolGrogolGrogolGrogolGrogolRawa BuayaRawa BuayaRawa BuayaRawa BuayaRawa BuayaRawa BuayaRawa BuayaRawa BuayaRawa Buaya

Pondok GedePondok GedePondok GedePondok GedePondok GedePondok GedePondok GedePondok GedePondok Gede

KotaKotaKotaKotaKotaKotaKotaKotaKota

PulogebangPulogebangPulogebangPulogebangPulogebangPulogebangPulogebangPulogebangPulogebang

Tahun 2003 - 2010Tahun 2003 - 2010Tahun 2003 - 2010Tahun 2003 - 2010Tahun 2003 - 2010Tahun 2003 - 2010Tahun 2003 - 2010Tahun 2003 - 2010Tahun 2003 - 2010

Usulan Tahapan Pengembangan BuspriorityUsulan Tahapan Pengembangan BuspriorityUsulan Tahapan Pengembangan BuspriorityUsulan Tahapan Pengembangan BuspriorityUsulan Tahapan Pengembangan BuspriorityUsulan Tahapan Pengembangan BuspriorityUsulan Tahapan Pengembangan BuspriorityUsulan Tahapan Pengembangan BuspriorityUsulan Tahapan Pengembangan Buspriority

Bandara Udara

Pelabuhan

Terminal Bis

TolMRT/KRL Jabodetabek/LRT

Phase IPhase IIIPhase IIPhase IVPhase VPhase VIPhase VIIPhase VIIIPhase IX

Busway Route Design (2003 – 2010)1. Koridor Blok M – Kota

2. Koridor Pulo Gebang - Pulo. Gadung – Bundaran HI3. Koridor Rawa Buaya – Grogol – Harmoni/ Juanda

4. Koridor Pulo Gebang – Pulo Gadung - Tanah Abang5. Koridor Kampung Melayu – Ancol

6. Koridor Kampung Melayu – Cideng7. Koridor Pasar Minggu - Manggarai

8. Koridor Ciledug – Cawang9. Koridor Kp. Rambutan – Kp. Melayu

10. Koridor Warung Jati – Menteng11. Koridor Tomang – Harmoni – Ps. Baru

12. Koridor PuloGebang – Kp. Melayu13. Koridor Senayan – Pejompongan

14. Koridor Lebak Bulus – Kebayoran Lama15. Koridor Pulo Gebang – Pulo Gadung

1. Koridor Blok M – Kota

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PUBLIC PUBLIC ENTHUSIASTICENTHUSIASTICPUBLIC PUBLIC ENTHUSIASTICENTHUSIASTIC

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Minggu I

Minggu II

Minggu III

Minggu IV

Minggu V

Minggu VI

Minggu VII

Minggu VIII

-

10,000.00

20,000.00

30,000.00

40,000.00

50,000.00

60,000.00

INCREASING TO DAILY PASSENGER (February-INCREASING TO DAILY PASSENGER (February-March 2004)March 2004)

INCREASING TO DAILY PASSENGER (February-INCREASING TO DAILY PASSENGER (February-March 2004)March 2004)

98-

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

Minggu I Minggu II Minggu III Minggu IV Minggu V Minggu VI Minggu VII Minggu VIII

Rata-rata Libur

Rata-rata hari kerja

INCREASING TO AVERAGE OF DAILY INCREASING TO AVERAGE OF DAILY PESSENGER (February-March 2004)PESSENGER (February-March 2004)INCREASING TO AVERAGE OF DAILY INCREASING TO AVERAGE OF DAILY PESSENGER (February-March 2004)PESSENGER (February-March 2004)

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Pasar MingguPasar MingguPasar MingguPasar MingguPasar MingguPasar MingguPasar MingguPasar MingguPasar Minggu



Pulo GadungPulo GadungPulo GadungPulo GadungPulo GadungPulo GadungPulo GadungPulo GadungPulo Gadung

CiledugCiledugCiledugCiledugCiledugCiledugCiledugCiledugCiledug

KalideresKalideresKalideresKalideresKalideresKalideresKalideresKalideresKalideres

Tanah AbangTanah AbangTanah AbangTanah AbangTanah AbangTanah AbangTanah AbangTanah AbangTanah Abang


Lebak BulusLebak BulusLebak BulusLebak BulusLebak BulusLebak BulusLebak BulusLebak BulusLebak Bulus Pinang RantiPinang RantiPinang RantiPinang RantiPinang RantiPinang RantiPinang RantiPinang RantiPinang Ranti




Muara AngkeMuara AngkeMuara AngkeMuara AngkeMuara AngkeMuara AngkeMuara AngkeMuara AngkeMuara Angke

Tanjung PriokTanjung PriokTanjung PriokTanjung PriokTanjung PriokTanjung PriokTanjung PriokTanjung PriokTanjung Priok

Kp. RambutanKp. RambutanKp. RambutanKp. RambutanKp. RambutanKp. RambutanKp. RambutanKp. RambutanKp. Rambutan

GrogolGrogolGrogolGrogolGrogolGrogolGrogolGrogolGrogolRawa BuayaRawa BuayaRawa BuayaRawa BuayaRawa BuayaRawa BuayaRawa BuayaRawa BuayaRawa Buaya

Pondok GedePondok GedePondok GedePondok GedePondok GedePondok GedePondok GedePondok GedePondok Gede


PulogebangPulogebangPulogebangPulogebangPulogebangPulogebangPulogebangPulogebangPulogebang

Keterangan :

Jaringan Trayek Bus Patas

Jaringan Trayek Bus Patas AC

Jaringan Trayek Bus Reguler

Jaringan Trayek Mikrolet

Busway Corridor

Terminal Bus

Feeder 1

Feeder 2

Feeder 3

Feeder 4

Feeder 5

Feeder 6

Feeder 7

Feeder 8

Feeder 9

Feeder 10

Feeder 11

Feeder 12

Transfer Point

FEEDER SERVICES BUSWAY CONCEPTFEEDER SERVICES BUSWAY CONCEPTFEEDER SERVICES BUSWAY CONCEPTFEEDER SERVICES BUSWAY CONCEPT

100

FEEDER BUS SERVICESFEEDER BUS SERVICESFEEDER BUS SERVICESFEEDER BUS SERVICES

101

Term

inal

Kal

ider

es

Bala

i Kot

a

Stas

iun

Juan

da

Stasiun Kota

Ps. C

engk

aren

g

Grogo

l

Monas Central Busway

Blok M

Stas

iun

Sene

n

Term

inal

Pul

ogad

ung

Lapangan Banteng

Stasiun Gambir

1

2

Cem

paka

Put

ihCity Centers and Intermodal Transfer points

Kalideres – Monas CB Line

Pulogadung – Monas CB Line

Blok M – Kota Line

CORRIDOR 2 and 3CORRIDOR 2 and 3CORRIDOR 2 and 3CORRIDOR 2 and 3

104

HALTERS. MEDIROS

HALTEPULOMAS

HALTEASMI

BUS STATION DESIGN

HALTEGADING

HALTEPS.PEDONGKELAN

OT

OT

OT

OT

400 m Catchment Area Bus Station

Bus Station (halte)

HALTEXXX

Exclusive Lane

Mixed Traffic

TERMINALPULOGADUNG

105 HALTEPULOMAS

HALTEASMI

HALTEYARSI

HALTELIPPO

HALTEPS. CEMP. PUTIH

HALTERAWA SELATAN

BUS STATION DESIGN

HALTEPS.PEDONGKELAN

HALTECEMPAKA MAS

OT

OT

OT

HALTEGALUR


Bus Station (halte)

HALTEXXX

Exclusive Lane

Mixed Traffic

106

HALTEATRIUM

HALTEPS. SENEN

HALTEKWITANG

HALTEPECENONGAN HALTE

JUANDA

HALTEISTIQLAL

HALTEGAMBIR 1

HALTEMERD. SELATAN

HALTELAP.BANTENG

HALTEPETOJO

BUS STATION DESIGN


Bus Station (halte)

HALTEXXX

Exclusive Lane

Mixed Traffic

HALTEGAMBIR 2

HALTERSPAD

HALTEDEPLU

HALTEHARMO

NI

MONAS BUSWAY CENTRAL

HALTEPS.BARU

107

HALTEPESAKIH

HALTERAWA BUAYA

HALTESUMUR BOR

TERMINAL & BUS STATION DESIGN

TERMINAL KALIDERES

OT

OT


Bus Station (halte)

HALTEXXX

Exclusive Lane

Mixed Traffic

OT

108

• As start point for public transport reformation in Jakarta

• Efficient and effective

• Evidence the local government support to public transport user.

• As education facilities for traffic discipline

• Inviting private vehicle user to use public transport

OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVES

109

(Traffic Restraints)

1. 3 in 12. Plate Number3. Road Pricing4. Etc.

110



Pulo GadungPulo GadungPulo GadungPulo GadungPulo GadungPulo GadungPulo GadungPulo GadungPulo GadungTanah AbangTanah AbangTanah AbangTanah AbangTanah AbangTanah AbangTanah AbangTanah AbangTanah Abang





GrogolGrogolGrogolGrogolGrogolGrogolGrogolGrogolGrogol


kilometerskilometers

Traffic Restraint AreaTraffic Restraint Area



Pulo GadungPulo GadungPulo GadungPulo GadungPulo GadungPulo GadungPulo GadungPulo GadungPulo GadungTanah AbangTanah AbangTanah AbangTanah AbangTanah AbangTanah AbangTanah AbangTanah AbangTanah Abang





GrogolGrogolGrogolGrogolGrogolGrogolGrogolGrogolGrogol


Keterangan:

Phase I

Phase IIIPhase IV

Phase II

Jaringan MRT

Stasiun KA

Bus Priority 2010

Jaringan Trayek Utama

Bus Priority 2007

Jalan Tol

Stasiun Bus

kilometerskilometers

Mangga Dua Selatan

Gunung Sahari

Salemba

Moh.Husni Thamrin

Petamburan

Rel Serpong-Jakarta

Pekojan

Bendungan Hilir

Rasuna Said

Kampung Melayu Besar

Jatinegara

Senen

Mampang PrapatanTrunojoyo

Asia Afrika

111

2.2. Light Rail Transit (LRT)Light Rail Transit (LRT)

3.3. Mass Rapid Transit (MRT)Mass Rapid Transit (MRT)

Development Planning:

• LRT : Monorail (2004)

• MRT : Subway (depend on center government

preparation in finance)

112

0 2.5

kilometers

5

Kab Tangerang

Kota Bekasi

Kab. Bogor

Kota TangerangKota TangerangKota TangerangKota TangerangKota TangerangKota TangerangKota TangerangKota TangerangKota Tangerang

Kab. BogorKab. BogorKab. BogorKab. BogorKab. BogorKab. BogorKab. BogorKab. BogorKab. Bogor

Kota BekasiKota BekasiKota BekasiKota BekasiKota BekasiKota BekasiKota BekasiKota BekasiKota Bekasi

Kab BekasiKab BekasiKab BekasiKab BekasiKab BekasiKab BekasiKab BekasiKab BekasiKab Bekasi

Kota DepokKota DepokKota DepokKota DepokKota DepokKota DepokKota DepokKota DepokKota Depok

Kab TangerangKab TangerangKab TangerangKab TangerangKab TangerangKab TangerangKab TangerangKab TangerangKab Tangerang Koridor Angkutan Umum MassalKoridor Angkutan Umum Massal

Rambutan

Pinang RantiPondok Gede

Bekasi

Pulogebang

KlenderKp.Melayu

Rawamangun

PulogadungSenen

Tj.PriokAngke

Sta. Kota

Grogol

Kalideres

Rawa Buaya

Ciledug

Blok M

Lebak Bulus

Pasar Minggu

Tangerang

Manggarai

1

Duri – BekasiLRT 2005-2012

Fatmawati-KotaMRT/Subway 2005-

2012

Rel PT.KAI

Kp.Rambutan-Tj.Priok

LRT 2010-2018

LRT/MonorailPhase I

23

LRT/MonorailPhase II

LRT/MonorailPhase II

113

Banjir Kanal TimurCipinang-Laut : 23.6 km

Cakung DrainCakung Barat - Laut : 11.9 km

BuaranCakung Barat – Duren Sawit : 4.3 km

Sodetan Ciliwung - BKTBidara Cina – Cipinang Bsr.Sel : 2.4 km Banjir Kanal Selatan

Karet Tengsin-Cipinang Cempedak : 9.6 km

Banjir Kanal BaratPetamburan-Kapuk Muara : 9.2 km

4. River Transportation 4. River Transportation SystemSystem

114

Workshop of Transportation System in GMU

Objective : to understand daily transportation system in Gadjah Mada University

Exercise :

Each group consist of 5 -10 students

1. Find transportation problem in GMU area

2. Find type of modal which is used by student in GMU area

115

3. Find the road which is used by motorized and non motorized user (traffic assignment)

4. Find traffic pattern in GMU area

5. Present and discuss the result

117

REGIONAL TRANSPORT

Transportation and development:

• To open an area (trade follows the ship)

• To develop an area (ship follows the trade)

118

Opening or development area is caused economy activityEconomy activity will cause origin and destination increaseMore origin and destination will cause mobility increase

There are two ways to opening or development area especially for areas in Indonesia:

• National transportation system• Regional transportation system

119

IX. GOODS TRANSPORTATION

Consist of:a. Dry goodsb. Liquidc. General goods

Good transportation characteristic:

High capacity

(example: truck, train, ship)

120

Low speed

Loading or unloading area

Goods transportation based on the goal:

Urban goods transportation

Inter urban goods transportation

International goods transportation

121

SAFETY PROBLEMS IN TRANSPORT

1. Introduction

3 activities which is correlate with the policy of

traffic safety:

a. Activities which is correlate with traffic accident

example: seat belt, drinking and driving

b. Activities which is correlate with the policy

example: enforcement, campaign

c. Problem magnitude or nature

122

2. Approach Indicator requirement:a) Correlate with traffic safetyb) Can be determined easilyc) Can be calculatedd) Can be compared

Problem areas more specific

Activity Problem Orientation

123

To determine problem areas, there are 2 approach:a. In case of indicator numberb. In case of indicator supporting data

a + b fact, magnitude + nature

124

Indicator usage for comparison a. Magnitude from the problemb. Nature from the problemc. Related time in magnitude and nature

Problem areas based on classification and safety

125

3. Indicator • Operational concept• Indication comparison produce level of

accident

4. Data of Indicator• Hospital• Police• DLLAJR/PU

3 indicators which is used:a. Magnitudeb. Riskc. Vulnerability

126

5. Decision Making Model

127

6. Problem Identification

a. Risk magnitude relation• User type• Age group• User type age combination

b. Relationship between magnitude and vulnerability

z = heavy vehiclep = carm = motorcycleb = mopedf = cyclev = pedestrian

safe for their children as well as themselves a place where people have freedom of movement a quiet place devoid of through traffic a place where vehicles travel slowly, sharing the space

with pedestrians and bicyclists

Streets serve many functions They may provide for on-street parking, circulation, or

access to properties for owners, visitors, service and emergency vehicles

Children play there; neighbors meet and socialize there People use streets as an extension of their yards Streets are not freeways Residents expect their streets to be:

Background

The term traffic calming is a translation of the German word verkehrsberuhigung which was associated during the 1970s with a planning philosophy that residential neighborhoods should be designed to give preference to residents rather than to the automobile

The concepts of livable communities and neotraditional urban design are often used as the larger context for this objective

Traffic calming strategies can encompass a wide variety of options that include

simple traffic control actionssimple traffic control actions, such as the use of stop signs, striping and turning restrictions, automobile-free zones including pedestrian and transit malls, as well as regulatory policies, enforcement strategies, parking regulations, and community design principles

ITE defines traffic calming in a more restricted sense as

“The combination of mainly physical measures that reduce the negative effects of motor vehicle use, alter driver behavior and improve conditions for non-motorized street users”

Improve safety for people, especially children, by controlling conflict points, reducing vehicle speeds and vehicle volumes

Improve safety for people, especially children, by controlling conflict points, reducing vehicle speeds and vehicle volumes

Create a green and inviting streetscapeCreate a green and inviting streetscape

Improve the physical environment by lowering vehicle generated noise, pollution, and disruption

Improve the physical environment by lowering vehicle generated noise, pollution, and disruption

In Europe and Australia, traffic calming techniques began in 1970 and are now into their second and third generation

In Europe and Australia, traffic calming techniques began in 1970 and are now into their second and third generation

Their effectiveness has been proven and many now appear to be part of the original street design rather than an afterthought

Their effectiveness has been proven and many now appear to be part of the original street design rather than an afterthought

To reach this position, there was strong desire to change the balance, to experiment, to learn from others, and to do the “right thing” for all people

To reach this position, there was strong desire to change the balance, to experiment, to learn from others, and to do the “right thing” for all people

Since each location has its own problems and needs, new and improved devices were, and are still, being developed

Since each location has its own problems and needs, new and improved devices were, and are still, being developed

The range is expanding and is only limited by our imagination

Three simple techniques can prevent the need for retrofitting of traffic calming devices:

Construct mixed developments services by a fine-grained road network of narrow streets

Keep the streets to less than 0.5 km (quarter mile) so drivers have no incentive to speed

Make most roads intersect at Tee intersections or control four-way intersections with roundabouts. This will reduce the number of potential conflicts

No. of Conflicting Points after convert to ONE-WAYNo. of Conflicting Points after convert to ONE-WAY

(A ) 20 จุ� ด ขั� ด แ ย้� ง จุ� ด

(B ) 5 จุ� ด ขั� ด แ ย้� ง จุ� ด (C ) 1 จุ� ด ขั� ด แ ย้� ง จุ� ด

20 Cross Conflicting 20 Cross Conflicting PointsPoints

Only 5 Conflicting Points

Only 1 Conflicting

Point

Local Street

Treatment away from Intersection

Mid Block Closure

Squeeze Points

One Lane with Passing Bay

Local Street

One Lane with Indented Parking Bays

Road Humps

Curved Pavement

Treatment away from Intersection

Treatment at Intersection

Full Closure

Diagonal Diverter

Pavement Narrowing

Half Closure

Selected Movements Only

Selected Movements Only


Roundabout

Distinctive Paving

Islands

Closed Median Opening


Semi-DivertersChokers /

Narrowings


Diagonal-Diverters

Cul-de-sac /Full Closure

Alignment of the approach and design of corner radii can encourage left-turn-only movements and discourage undesirable right turns.

Treatment at driveways


Raised traffic islands can block through movements or undesirable turning movements without hindering other intersection movements.


Raised medians block right turns to and from minor streets or driveways. Such treatment may be appropriate at locations where right turns are dangerous or cause congestion.


Placement of median channelization and design of corner radii can effectively discourage dangerous wrong way movements onto freeway ramps without hindering other intended movements.

Conventional and Modified Local Streets

Traffic Circles

Roundabouts

Roundabouts

BeforeBefore After(May 2004)After(May 2004)

Courtesy by Prof. Kyung Soo Chon Seoul National University

Chicane

Land Narrowing / Chokers

Example of

Case Study

170

ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT

Relationship between transportation environment and energy

• Transport need energy• Transport produce pollution

171Relationship between transportation environment and energy

172

HUMAN RESOURCES

Role of human resources in transportation area:

Very essential to understand transportation system in existing conditionHuman Source can be divided into:• Operational as

operator• Planning/designing as

planner

173

Role of Transport institution

Institution – private sector - operatorInstitution – government - planner, designer regulator

175

Human Resources based on Education Level

Education Level Bappeda DPU DTK DLLAJR

1. Master/ S2 - - 1 -

2. Sarjana/S1 22 4 10 5

3. Diploma/D3 9 4 4 6

4. SMA/Senior High School

19 26 42 38

5. SMP/Junior High School

1 9 - 4

6. SD/Elementary School

5 6 1 11

Total 56 49 58 64

176

Human Resources base on Management

Educational Level Bappeda DPU DTK DLLAJR

1. Senior management 2 1 1 1

2. Middle management 4 3 5 0

3. Junior management 18 0 13 4

4. Technician 8 41 32 53

5. Non technical 24 7 7 6

6. Other staff 0 0 0 0

Total 56 52 58 64

177

RULES AND REGULATION IN

TRANSPORT SYSTEM To regulate system of transportation

Straightening of law is needed to keep the rules

Minister Decision is needed to apply the rules

• Speed limit

• Rule of turn moving

Example:

• Traffic rule (UUD Lalulintas)

• Train rule (UUD Kereta Api)

• etc.

178

TRAFFIC DISCIPLINE WORKSHOP

Objective: to make discipline culture

to reduce traffic accident

Exercise:

Each group consist of 5 – 10 students

Student task:

1. Explain about traffic accident background

2. Understand about traffic discipline

179

3. Determine accident area in Yogyakarta

4. Present and discuss the problem

5. Solve the problem

Courtesy by Prof. Kyung Soo Chon Seoul National UniversityCourtesy by Prof. Kyung Soo Chon Seoul National University



BEFOREBEFOREBEFOREBEFORE

AFTERAFTERAFTERAFTER

184

Thank you

transport fundamental

Documents

transportation facilities

transportation2 transportation

propelled transportation

transportation networknetwork

ring network

street network

type of network

network of links