transport of carbon dioxide co 2 (from tissue) co 2 (in plasma) co 2 + h 2 o h + + hco 3 - hydrogen-...
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Transport of Carbon DioxideTransport of Carbon Dioxide CO2
(from tissue)CO2
(in plasma)
CO2 + H2O
H+ + HCO3
-
hydrogen-
carbonate ionHCO3
-
(in plasma)
H2CO3
carbonic acid
enzyme
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How is carbon dioxide transported by blood?How is carbon dioxide transported by blood?
Carbon dioxide produced diffuses into red blood cells.It reacts with water inside red blood cells to form hydrogencarbonate ions.
CO2 + H2Oenzyme
CO2+H2Oenzyme
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Carbon dioxide produced diffuses into red blood cells.It reacts with water inside red blood cells to form hydrogencarbonate ions.
CO2 + H2Oenzyme
H+ + HCO3-
These ions diffuse out of the red blood cells and are transported by plasma to the lungs.HCOHCO33
How is carbon dioxide transported by blood?How is carbon dioxide transported by blood?
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When blood reaches the lungs, the ions diffuse into the red blood cells.
enzymeH+ + HCO3
-
The ions are broken down to carbon dioxide again.
HCOHCO33
How is carbon dioxide transported by blood?How is carbon dioxide transported by blood?
HCOHCO33
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CO2 + H2O
Then the gas diffuses into the lungs and then to the atmosphere through expiration.
CO2
How is carbon dioxide transported by blood?How is carbon dioxide transported by blood?
enzymeH+ + HCO3
-
When blood reaches the lungs, the ions diffuse into the red blood cells.The ions are broken down to carbon dioxide again.
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To investigate the To investigate the effect of oxygen and effect of oxygen and
carbon dioxide on carbon dioxide on citrated chicken citrated chicken
bloodblood
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Why should the blood be citrated?
Ans: This prevents blood clotting from happening.
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What happens when oxygen is bubbled through it?The blood turns bright red. Oxyhaemoglobin is formed.
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What happens when carbon dioxide is bubbled through it?
The blood turns purplish red because oxyhaemoglobin gives up oxygen when carbon dioxide concentration is high.
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To Test a Sample of To Test a Sample of Blood Plasma Blood Plasma
(chicken/pig/ox) for (chicken/pig/ox) for glucoseglucose
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Name the supernatant obtained after centrifugation.
Ans: It is plasma.
centrifuge
chicken blood
supernatant
Fehling’s solutions A and B
boiling water
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What does the precipitate in the centrifuge tube consist of ?Ans: The precipitate contains blood cells.
centrifuge
chicken blood
supernatant
Fehling’s solutions A and B
boiling water
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What happens to the supernatant when it is heated with Fehling’s solutions A and B ?
Ans: The supernatant forms an orange precipitate.
centrifuge
chicken blood
supernatant
Fehling’s solutions A and B
boiling water
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When will you have more white When will you have more white blood cells in your blood?blood cells in your blood?
During Infection
irregular in irregular in shapeshape
prominent prominent nucleusnucleus
made in bone marrow
move like
Amoeba squeeze out through the walls of capillaries into the surrounding tissuesengulf
pathogens
1. PhagocytesPhagocytes
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made in bone marrow,
then migrate to lymph
nodes
produce antibodies
to attack germs
2. 2. LymphocytesLymphocytes
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PlateletsPlatelets
Cells fragments budded off from
specialized cells in bone marrow
life-span is about 5 to 9 days
agent for initializing blood clotting
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Blood ClottingBlood Clotting When platelets are damaged in an injury, it r
eleases a chemical substance which starts a chain of reactions: fibrinogen fibrin
serum are
yellowish fluid
which is
plasma without
fibrinogen
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Plasma (55% by volume)
Blood Cell (45% by volume)
Whole Blood
Red Blood Cell
White Blood Cell
PlateletsDissolved
Substances
90 % Water