Transport, Ports & the SDGs

Vincent F. ValentineUNCTAD

An global organisation focused upon helping developing countries integrate into world trade

Consensus buildingTechnical assistance

and capacity buildingResearch & analysis

Sustainability Reporting

• Mandatory Vs Volunatry

• “Policy and performance in connection with environmental and social responsibility”

• Only 56% of 25 emerging markets require this item, yet 91% of 188 of the largest companies in those markets were disclosing it.

Background -Sustainable Development

• Bruntland report 1987: – The Three Pillars - i.e. economic growth, social inclusion and

environmental sustainability.

• Earth Summit 1992 (Rio): The future we want

• UNCSD 2012 (Rio+20): Balanced Integration

• 2030 ASD and SDGs: Towards A More Holistic Approach to Development?

Millennium Development Goals (MDG)2000-2015

Many critics, very parochial etc..

SDG1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere2. End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable

agriculture3. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages4. Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote life-long learning

opportunities for all5. Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls6. Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all7. Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all8. Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive

employment and decent work for all9. Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster

innovation10. Reduce inequality within and among countries11. Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable12. Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns13. Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts*14. Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable

development15. Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage

forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss

16. Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels

17. Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19Total # of

Targets

1 Poverty 7

2 Hunger 8

3 Health 13

4 Education 1 10

5 Gender 9

6 Water 8

7 Energy 1 5

8 Economy 12

9 Infrastructure 8

10 Inequality 1 10

11 Cities 10

12 Consumption 11

13 Climate 1 5

14 Sea 10

15 Land 12

16 Peace 12

17 Partnership 19

Total 16972% 28%

3

4

7 3

6 6

7 5

2

8

9

6 4

6

Goals

13 6

Targets

11 2

5

9

9

6 2

4

10

4 3

5

Trade indicators proposed by UNCTAD/WTO/ITC

Through these actions UNCTAD contributes to progress on 52 specific SDG targets

Goal 9

• 9.1 develop quality, reliable, sustainable and resilient infrastructure, including regional and trans-border infrastructure, to support economic development and human well-being, with a focus on afford

• 9.4 by 2030 upgrade infrastructure and retrofit industries to make them sustainable, with increased resource use efficiency and greater adoption of clean and environmentally sound technologies and industrial processes, all countries taking action in accordance with their respective capabilities able and equitable access for all

Goal 11

• 11.2 by 2030, provide access to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable transport systems for all, improving road safety, notably by expanding public transport, with special attention to the needs of those in vulnerable situations, women, children, persons with disabilities and older persons

• 11.6 by 2030, reduce the adverse per capita environmental impact of cities, including by paying special attention to air quality, municipal and other waste management

• 11.a support positive economic, social and environmental links between urban, peri-urban and rural areas by strengthening national and regional development planning

Goal 17

• 19 targets and UNCTAD contributes to them all

• UNCTAD is leading inter-agency dialogue on monitoring and accountability of the means for implementation targets

• For full details see Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN) http://indicators.report/targets/

Ports

Mapping SDGs & Ports

What else can be added?

Source: Adapted from: http://www.weforum.org/agenda/2015/09/how-can-mining-contribute-to-the-sustainable-development-goals

Port Sustainability Reporting• DP World's sustainability

reporting announced that the company's CO2e emissions intensity had reduced by 3% over its 2013 figures to 15.8kgCO2e/ModTEU.

• This represents a significant decrease from the 20.2 kgCO2e/ModTEU it report for 2008.

Added benefits of transport data

• It identifies investment areas

• It identifies best practices

• It defines improvements and encourages more

• It starts a chain reaction which can spread along the logistics chain.

• Ultimately it can lead to lower transport costs

– Cargo dwell time

– Crane moves ph

– Loading/discharging volume ph

– Ship turnaround time

• Time in port

• Time at berth

Wish List

Row

Lab

els

Coun

t of

Sam

ple

Ave

rage

of W

aiti

ng

Ave

rage

of W

orki

ng T

ime

Su

m o

f QU

AN

TITY

Ave

rage

of Q

UA

NTI

TY

Ave

rage

of $

pd

Su

m o

f $ w

ait

Su

m o

f $ W

ork

Su

m o

f 200

8 $

wai

t

INDONESIA 2609 2.55 4.06 182,875,466 70,094 12,548$ 82,442,446$ 136,775,044 371,442,472$

- 494 2.12 4.99 31,760,357 64,292 12,039$ 12,383,301$ 30,096,820 53,713,386$

Coal 494 2.12 4.99 31,760,357 64,292 12,039$ 12,383,301$ 30,096,820 53,713,386$

DISC 1 0.88 3.00 70,000 70,000 12,035$ 10,531$ 36,105 48,682$

LOAD 493 2.12 5.00 31,690,357 64,281 12,039$ 12,372,770$ 30,060,715 53,664,703$

ADANG BAY 460 2.38 3.95 29,830,714 64,849 12,016$ 13,377,729$ 22,485,291 59,763,481$

Coal 460 2.38 3.95 29,830,714 64,849 12,016$ 13,377,729$ 22,485,291 59,763,481$

LOAD 460 2.38 3.95 29,830,714 64,849 12,016$ 13,377,729$ 22,485,291 59,763,481$

BONTANG, KL 117 6.13 1.44 8,161,674 69,758 11,861$ 8,479,120$ 2,015,567 38,455,139$

Coal 117 6.13 1.44 8,161,674 69,758 11,861$ 8,479,120$ 2,015,567 38,455,139$

LOAD 117 6.13 1.44 8,161,674 69,758 11,861$ 8,479,120$ 2,015,567 38,455,139$

CIGADING 65 8.92 5.55 5,083,603 78,209 13,802$ 6,998,453$ 5,864,244 30,033,083$

Coal 44 9.59 4.60 2,456,330 55,826 11,608$ 4,562,505$ 2,675,716 18,721,585$

DISC 43 9.68 4.47 2,277,950 52,976 11,372$ 4,431,999$ 2,458,206 18,052,411$

LOAD 1 6.00 10.00 178,380 178,380 21,751$ 130,506$ 217,510 669,174$

Iron Ore 21 7.50 7.56 2,627,273 125,108 18,399$ 2,435,948$ 3,188,528 11,311,499$

DISC 20 7.12 7.44 2,462,960 123,148 18,232$ 2,109,683$ 2,971,018 9,638,564$

LOAD 1 15.00 10.00 164,313 164,313 21,751$ 326,265$ 217,510 1,672,935$

Ongoing research (coal & iron ore)

• 33,000+ port calls

• 70,000+ IMO Vessels

• 10,000+ UNLOCODES

• 150+ ports

• 240+ terminals

• 15 countries

The data must be shared

Transparency is key

Make a commitment to publish regardless of the numbers

The data should ideally be in one place

• Raw data should be freely downloadable and open to interpretation by anyone– Including academia

• Best practices can quickly be identified

• Investment targets can be identified

• Ports can thus advertise their best light e.g. “the most efficient port in the south west”

UNCTADSTAT

• http://unctadstat.unctad.org/EN/

Challenges

• Why would ports want to be publically compared?

• It raises more questions than answers.

• Ports can do their own ad hoc private studies when they need.

• The long term benefit of being compared don’t outweigh the immediate cost (embarrassment). – Similar to sustainable transport issues

• The positive arguments are too weak: e.g.– Lowering transport cost (for port users/end users)

– Identifying investment areas

– Identify best practices

• Governments reluctant to have their country ranked (e.g. LPI)

Investment challenge

Source: UNCTAD World Investment Report 2014

Global Climate Fund

• In June 2015 the G7 reiterated their commitment to the Copenhagen Accord to jointly mobilize $100 billion per year by 2020 through the green climate fund.

Thank You

www.unctad.org