transport sector emissions in brazil a brief overview

Secretariat for National Transportation Policy

Transport Sector Emissions in Brazil A Brief Overview

Berlin, Germany – September 27-28, 2012

Turning the Right CornerTowards a Low-Emission Transport Sector

Eng. Francisco Luiz Baptista da CostaDirector of Planning

Ministry of Transport – Brazil


Summary

• Basic Information

• Vehicle Emissions

• Regional & National Transport

• Urban Transport



• Transport sector in Brazil has a lower carbon intensity compared to that of other countries because of the widespread use of ethanol as a fuel for vehicles.

• In 2008, the Transport sector emissions were about 149 Mt CO2e, representing 12 percent of national emissions.

• Urban Transport accounts for about 51 percent of direct sector emissions in 2008.

Source: Brazil Low-carbon Country Case Study – World Bank, 2010


Power Generation Matrix – Brazil and the World (%)100%

6

20 20

15

1216

1

38 41

5 4 2

3 43

23

3

85

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

BRAZIL 2007 OECD2006 WORLD

Other

Coal

Hydraulic

Nuclear

Gas

Petroleum

483 TWh - 89% 18,930 TWh - 18% % renewable10,460 TWh - 16%Source: MME

The Brazilian power generation matrix is clean, based on hydro-electric plants. It is required to make this feature compatible with navigation needs


Energy Matrix in Brazil is markedly renewable


Summary




• Urban Transport


PROALCOOL

1975 – PROALCOOL (National Program for Alcohol)• To substitute gasoline for ethanol in automobiles

1977 – 4.5% ethanol in gasoline (lead free)

1979 – 15% ethanol in gasoline

1979 – First Brazilian car powered by ethanol only

1985 – 22% ethanol in gasoline92% of cars sold are ethanol powered

1993 – 25% ethanol in gasoline


PROALCOOL (cont’d)

2003 – First Brazilian car flex-fuel (ethanol – gasoline in any proportion)

2012 – 100% of cars made in Brazil are flex-fuel

2005 – National Program for Production and Use of Biodiesel

2005-2008 – 2% biodiesel in standard diesel

2009-2010 – 4% biodiesel in standard diesel

2010-now – 5% biodiesel in standard diesel


PROCONVE

1986 – Program establishing parameters for vehicle emissions

Phase L – “light” vehicles (< 2.7 tons)L 1 – 1988 to 1991

L 2 – 1992 to 1996L 3 – 1997 to 2004L 4 – 2005 to 2008L 5 – 2009 to 2013

Phase P – “heavy” vehicles (> 2.7 tons)P 1 & P 2 – 1990 to 1993P 3 – 1994 to 1997P 4 – 1998 to 2002P 5 – 2003 to 2008P 6 – 2009 to 2011 (cancelled due to lack of diesel S 500 and S 50)P 7 – 2012 to 2016


Summary




• Urban Transport


Logistic Infrastructure


Road Network

JURISDICTION PAVED NON PAVED TOTAL

FEDERAL 60,469 13,604 74,073

STATE 122,889 119,429 242,318

MUNICIPAL 24,104 1,256,188 1,280,292

TOTAL NATIONAL 207,462 1,389,221 1,596,683

In km


Rail Network

National Rail Network 29,817

km

Federal Rail Network under Concession 28,314

km

12 concessions operated by 5 private groups

and 2 state-owned companies


National Ports

50 public ports in Brazil – sea and river

26 Federal Port Companies and National Department for

Transport Infrastructure (DNIT)

23 States and Municipalities

1 private sector


28,000 km of inland waterways

Potential utilization of over 15,000 km of new waterwaysTransport of over 25 million tons / year

Agricultural and mineral products, alcohol, construction material (sand,

gravel), fertilizers

Main Inland Waterways under operationParaná – Tietê 1,660 kmAmazonas - Madeira 4,164 kmTapajós 1,046 kmCapim 372 kmTocantins – Araguaia 3,040 km *São Francisco 1,371 kmParaguai 1,323 kmJacuí - Taquari and Lagoa dos Patos 670 kmTOTAL 13.646 km

Inland Waterways

* Usable conditions


* Not necessarily continuous stretches.

Inland Waterways system

BASIN STATESAPROXIMATED EXTENSIONS (km)

MAIN RIVERSNAVIGABLE POTENTIAL TOTAL*

AMAZÔNICA AM, PA, AC, RO, RR, e AP 18,300 723.5 19,023

Amazonas, Solimões, Negro, Branco, Madeira, Purus, Juruá, Tapajós, Teles Pires, Juruena, Mamoré, e Guaporé

NORDESTE MA e PI 1,740 2,975 4,715 Mearim, Pindaré, Itapecuru, Parnaíba e Balsas

TOCANTINS/ARAGUAIA TO, MA e GO 2,200 1,300 3,500 Tocantins, Araguaiae Mortes

SÃO FRANCISCO MG, BA, PE e SE 1,400 2,700 4,100 São Francisco, Grande e Corrente

LESTE MG, ES e RJ - 1,094 1,094 Doce, Paraíba do Sul e Jequitinhonha

TIETÊ/PARANÁ SP, PR e SC 1,900 2,900 4,800 Paraná, Tietê, Paranaíba, Grande, Ivaí e Ivinheima

PARAGUAI MT, MS e PR 1,280 1,815 3,095 Paraguai, Cuiabá, Miranda, São Lourenço, Taquari e Iaurú

SUL RS 600 700 1,300 Jacuí, Taquarí,Lagoa dos Patos e Lagoa Mirim

URUGUAI RS e SC - 1,200 1,200 Uruguai e Ibicuí

TOTAL 27,420 15,407.5 42,827.5


Transport Planning


The transport matrix is unbalanced considering the size of Brazil

58%25%

13%

4%Road

Rail

Water

Pipe/Air


which is proved as compared with similar-size countries.

81%

46%

43%

37%

25%

Russia

Canada

Australia

USA

China

Brazil

8% 11%

43%

53% 4%

11%

43% 32% 25%

50% 13%

58% 17%

Rail Road Water; others


To organize such scenario and recover the transport sector, the Ministry of Transport has developed the National Plan for Logistics and Transportation (PNLT)

An instrument for strategic organization with an integrated view on the territory and development.

Transport as an agent to induce and facilitate development.

A more balanced Brazilian transport matrix with a significant participation of rail and water modes, which are more efficient in terms of economy and energy consumption.


PNLT uses advanced planning techniques, studying the 80 most important products of the Brazilian economy, accounting for 90% of the GDP

MacroeconomicForecasting Tools

EFES (*) ModelFIPE/FEA/USP

Multimodal TransportSimulation Models

558 homogeneous microrregions

Institutional Products Investment Portfolio

(**) Presently, the analysis is expanded to 110 products, including general cargo

(*) EFES-Economic Forecasting Equilibrium System (160,000 equations, 600,000 variables)


P o r t o % d o t o t a lP a r a n a g u á 3 2 . 1 7S a n t o s 3 2 . 1 5R io G r a n d e 1 1 . 6 8V i t ó r i a 9 . 8 0S ã o F r a n c i s c o d o S u l 5 . 1 8M a n a u s 5 . 0 9S ã o L u í s 3 . 9 3T o t a l = U S $ F O B 2 . 9 9 0 m i lh õ e s

Main domestic transactions

Export

Each product was

studied in terms of

production,

demand, domestic

and export flows

Production Demand

Example

Soy beans


Consolidation of a new Brazilian rail network (Law 11772/2008) with the implementation of 11,800 km of new rail lines, with 10,700 km of large-gauge tracks.

New railways will serve areas of agricultural & mineral new frontiers.

This new basic railway system prepares the Country for a new economic growth cycle to meet the domestic demand increase and integration with exporting ports.

Gradual transfer of general cargo from roads to railways, inland waterways, and coastal shipping.

PNLT indicates ways to change the transport matrix


Fonte: Ministério da Agricultura

AgricultureFrontier

Região do Cerrado

RR AP

AMPA

AC ROMT TO

MACE RN

PBPE

ALSE

PI

BA

GODF

MG ES

RJSP

MS

PR

SC

RS

Total area: 204.000.000 ha

Arable area: 127.000.000 ha

Grown pastures: 49.000.000 ha

Anual cultures: 10.000.000 ha

Perennial and forests: 2.000.000 ha

Potential areas: 127.000.000 ha

Ocupied areas: 61.000.000 ha

Agriculture frontier: 66.000.000 haTypical vegetation of interior of Brazil

Source: Ministry of Agriculture


Projects for Railways Expansion in Brazil

EF - 151 (Ferrovia Norte-Sul)Panorama/SP - Rio Grande/RS (1.600 km)


Transport Matrix - Present and Future

Source: PNLT Processing, considering energy consumption

58

25

13

3.6

0.4

30

35

29

5

10

10

20

30

40

50

60

2005 2015 2020 2025

Road

Rail

Water

Pipe

Air


254

831

4.617

0

1.000

2.000

3.000

4.000

5.000

Hidro Ferro Rodo

NOx (g/1.000 tku)

2034

116

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Hidro Ferro Rodo

CO2 (kg/1.000 tku)5,00

0,75

0,17

0,00

0,50

1,00

1,50

2,00

2,50

3,00

3,50

4,00

4,50

5,00

Hidro Ferro Rodo

CONSUMO DE COMBUSTÍVEL: Litros / 1.000 tku

Fonte: Ministério dos Transportes - 1997

510

96

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Hidro Ferro Rodo

EFICIÊNCIA ENERGÉTICA: Carga / Potência (t / HP) EMISSÃO DE POLUENTES:

Fonte: DOT/ Maritime Administration e TCL


Benefits from the Transport Matrix change 2005 to 2023/2031

(Transport production from 851 to 1,510 bi TKU)

38% of energy efficiency increase

41% of fuel consumption reduction

32% of CO2 emission reduction

39% of NOx emission reduction


Long distance passengers transport

•Bus transportation volumes stabilized in the last decade.

•Air transportation increasing double-digit / year.

•For the heavy passenger corridors in the Southeast: implementing a high speed train network.


High Speed Train Rio de Janeiro - São Paulo - Campinas

• Rio - São Paulo 450 km in 93 min

• São Paulo - Campinas 100 km in 30 min

• The most populous (36 millions inhabitants) and economically developed region (45% of GDP) in Brazil

• Estimated cost: US$ 20 billions

• Public & private sector financing

• Operation expected to begin in 2018


Future High Speed Train Lines

• Segments already included in the Railway Law nº 11,772/2008, to be studied in the future

• Campinas/SP – Belo Horizonte/MG: 530 km • São Paulo/SP – Curitiba/PR: 410 km• Campinas/SP – Triângulo Mineiro: 540 km


Summary




• Urban Transport


3 Major Events

2014 – Soccer World CupUrban mobility projects in 12 large cities

2016 – Olympic Games

Urban mobility projects in Rio de Janeiro

Law nº 12.587, January 3rd, 2012: National Policy for Urban Mobility – PNMU

• Local mobility plans mandatory for cities larger than 20,000 inhabitants


Main projects to be implemented until 2020(not restricted to those 12 World Cup cities)

• Expansion of infrastructure for public transport• BRT – 326 km• Bus corridors – 285 km• VLT – 57 km• Subway – 165 km• Urban trains – 71 km• Monorail – 63 km• Bikeways implementation

• Bikeways – 330 km

• Green buses (biodiesel, electric)


Thank you!

www.transportes.gov.br

transport sector emissions in brazil a brief overview

Documents

national policy

air transportation

paulo campinas rio

rio granders

high speed train network

co2 emission reduction

large cities

cities larger