MHICopy 3

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY FIELD MANUAL

TRANSPORTATION SERVICEIN

THEATERS OF OPERATION

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY · OCTOBER 1955

*FM 55-6

FIELD MANUAL4 DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMYNo. 55-6 | WASHINGTON 25, D. C., 2 November, 1955

TRANSPORTATION SERVICE IN THEATERSOF OPERATION

Paragraph Page

CHAPTER 1. GENERAL_ -------- ____--- 1-3 32. TRANSPORTATION STAFF

Section I. Staff organization __.------ __ 4-6 6II. Organizationwithincommands. 7-12 15

CHAPTER 3. FUNCTIONSSection I. Operation of transportation

units and facilities … ------- 13, 14 21II. Planning -- __ - __-------____ 15, 16 23

III. Intelligence --.--.------ _-_ _ 17-20 25IV. Movement control --_. ....._ 21-28 28V. Security ------ _------ --- -_ 29, 30 39

VI. Supply and maintenance ----- 31, 32 40CHAPTER 4. MODES OF TRANSPORTA-

TIONSection I. Transport service --------- __ 33-35 42

II. Rail transportation --- _---___ 36, 37 49III. Highway transportation _--- 38-43 53IV. Water transportation -__--___ 44, 45 61V. Air transportation __-___--- - 46, 47 63

VI. Pipeline transportation ---- __ 48-49 65CHAPTER 5. TERMINALS AND INSTAL-

LATIONS --------- _----- 50-56 686. ESTIMATES, PLANS, AND

STANDING OPERATINGPROCEDURES

Section I. Estimates ------------------ 57, 58 82II. Plans -- _------------------- 59-62 83

III. Standing operating procedures_ 63-66 89CHAPTER 7. BASE DEVELOPMENT..--- 67-70 91

*This manual supersedes FM 55-6, 27 December 1945.TAGO 2308C-Oct. 360492*--55-1 1

PageAPPENDIX 1. REFERENCES ------------------ 94

II. EXAMPLE, TRANSPORTA-TION APPENDIX TO ALOGISTICS ANNEXX_ -_-------- 95

III. OUTLINE FOR PREPAR-ING A STANDARD OP-PERATING PROCEDUREFOR TRANSPORTATIONOFFICERS OF MAJOROVERSEA COMMANDS ------_ 101

INDEX ___--___-______-- -------------------- 128

2 TAGO 2308C

CHAPTER 1

GENERAL

1. Purpose

The purpose of this manual is to familiarize com-manders and staff officers with the organization andfunctions of the Transportation Service in the field,and to outline the employment of TransportationCorps troops in a theater of operations.

2. Scope

The manual discusses the principal functions ofthe Transportation Service, such as military andcivilian transportation agencies, planning, movementcontrol, highway regulation, intelligence, security,maintenance, and supply. It outlines the transpor-tation staff organization and its application at vari-ous command levels. It describes the employment ofTransportation Corps units and facilities and coverspertinent considerations affecting base development.It also considers the preparation and form of trans-portation estimates, plans, and standing operatingprocedures.

3. Mission

The Transportation Corps in a theater of opera-tions is responsible for the provision of an adequateTransportation service; that is, supply and mainte-nance of Transportation Corps equipment, regula-

TAGO 230SC 3

tion of traffic, and transport services for the ArmedForces and civil population as directed by the the-ater commander. These responsibilities are coordi-nated through the theater transportation officer(joirt or combined staff) to effect the movement ofpersons and things for the military forces of thetheater and to handle such civilian transport re-quirements as directed.

a. Support Operations in an Area Under So'v ereignGovernment. When support operations are con-ducted in a territory under a sovereign government,the transport mission normally, will be accomFlishedin accordance with local civilian practices and agree-ments made on a governmental level. In alliedterritory, military demands will continually be com-peting for transport services with national require-ments, both military and civilian. Under suchcir:ctmstances it will be necessary for the transporta-tion staff to collate and program requirements forpresentation to the appropriate national agencies forthe allocation of services.

b. Support Operations in Territory Formerly7 Heldby the Enemy. In territory formerly held by theenemy all transport agencies and facilities will nor-mally be operated under direct military control.Under these circumstances the technical opera';ion offacilities and equipment will be effected or supervisedby military personnel of the Transportation Corps.Military units will provide the organizations andmanpower to operate local civilian facilities andequipment in the initial phases of operation. Transi-tion from Phase I through Phase II to Phase III willbe expedited in order that units composed of mili-

4 TrAGO 2308C

tary personnel will be available for employment inforward areas.

c. Utilization of Civilian Resources. During sup-port operations in an area under sovereign friendlygovernment or in an occupied territory, maximumutilization should be made of local civilian resourcesand labor.

TAGO 2308C S

CHAPTER 2

TRANSPORTATION STAFF

Section I. STAFF ORGANIZATION

4. General

The transportation staff section in the theater ofoperations is organized and staffed commensuratewith the command and its mission. Although or-ganization and staffing will vary with levels of com-mani and mission, the organization, in general, willfcllow the same pattern (fig. 1), and the principalstaff functions will remain virtually the same.

5. Transportation Officer

a. The transportation officer in a major headquar-ters in a theater of operations is usually a specialstaff officer. He has special staff functions as listedin FM 101-5.

b. Specific duties and responsibilities of the trans-portation officer include-

(1) Advises the commander and staff on trans-portation matters.

(2) Supervises the determination of require-ments for, and the requisitioning, procure-ment, storage, distribution, and docurmenta-tion of, equipment and supplies for whichthe Transportation Corps is responsible.

6 TAGc 2308C

TRANSPORTATION OFFICEB

| .ECUTIVE OFFICER

ADMINISTRATIVE lMANAGEMENT PLANS I SUPPLYDIVISION DNIVISION IIAND INTELLIGENCE AND MAINTENANCE

DIVISON DIVISION

MOVEMENT NSPORT I dREGlREPENOSCONTROL SERVICE ND PROCUREMENTDIVISION ' DIVISION |BRANCH

PROGRAM HIGHWYOGBRANCH BHRANCHW DRBR N

BBANC~BRANCH

FREIGT NT RAIL M 2 UAINTENANCEBRANCH B ANCH RANCH

PASSENGER ARMY AVIATIONBRANCH BR ANCH

WATERWAYS

OPERATIONSBRANCH

Figure 1. Type transportation staff organization.

TAGO 2308C 7

(3) Makes plans and recommendations pertain-ing to requirements for, availability of, andemployment of transportation equipmentand transportation troops within the com-

mand including requirements for and em-ployment of such troops in evacuation andretrograde movements.

(4) Prepares and supervises training programsof transportation units under his opera-tional control.

(5) Exercises technical supervision over trans-portation activities throughout the com-mand.

(6) Plans and supervises the following trans-portation operations:

(a) Establishment and operation of the trans-portation service of the command.

(b) Preparation of detailed plans for move-ment of troops and supplies by all meansof transport.

(o) Preparation of plans and orders pertain-ing to the regulation of transportationmeans, and the operation of movementcontrol incident thereto, to include theenforcement of established priorities asto the utilization of transportation.

(d) Recommendations on location ancd ade-quacy of main supply lines and locationof supply and service installations.

(e) Coordination of all organic, attached, andsupporting transportation agencies of thecommand, to include civilian trans-porta-tion when appropriate.

8 TAGo 2308C

(f) Maintenance of liaison with transporta-tion agencies of higher, adjacent, subordi-nate and supported headquarters, andwith those of applicable Navy, Air Force,and allied commands.

(g) Preparation and maintenance, as appro-priate, of records, studies, graphs, andplans pertaining to the employment oftransportation of the command, to includesuch items as availability tables, assign-ment tables, road distance and time lengthtables, march tables, march graphs, andloading plans.

(h) Planning for, and operation of, stagingareas, terminals, in-transit storage areas,and Transportation Corps maintenanceand supply facilities.

(i) Technical inspection of TransportationCorps equipment and supplies to includeorganizational maintenance of s u c hequipment and supplies.

(j) Recovery, evacuation, maintenance, andreclamation of Transportation Corps ma-teriel to include Army aircraft beyondthe capabilities of using agencies.

(k) Examination and processing of capturedtransportation supplies and equipment.

(I) Technical intelligence pertaining to trans-portation activities.

(m) Preparation and maintenance of studiesand analysis of transportation systems,facilities, equipment, and operations toinclude estimates of capacity, capability,

TAGO 2308C 9

vulnerability, trafficability, and trans-portability.

6. Trarnsportation Staff Section

a. Organization. A typical transportation staffsection is composed of the following divisions: ad-ministrative, management, plans and intellige:ce,supply, movement control, and transport services.The divisions are subdivided into the number ofbranches necessary to fulfill requirements.

b. Major Staff Division Functions.(1) Administrative division. This division

performs all internal administrative func-tions for the transportation staff to includemilitary and civilian personnel matters;authentication, publication, dispatch, andreceipt of official correspondence; mainte-nance of library and office files; top secretand registered document control; and officespace control.

(2) Management division. The managementdivision exercises staff action on fiscal mrat-ters and management policies and practiceswithin the office of the transportation officer,and exercises staff responsibility for actionprojects which are not of primary interestto any of t:he other divisions within thetransportation officer's staff. The scope ofmanagement and fiscal matters should besuch that a division is justified before es-tablishment of such a division. If thesefunctions are limited in scope, they may bemore economically performed by otherdivisions.

10 TAGO 28D8C

(3) Plans and intelligence division. This di-vision performs the following functions:

(a) Initiates, coordinates, and prepares longrange, medium range, and short rangeplans based on a continuing estimate ofthe situation and such special transpor-tation plans as may be required to meetemergencies.

(b) Coordinates the analysis and review ofoperational projects.

(c) Maintains liaison with the transportationplanners of other services and commands.

(d) Prepares and coordinates estimates orforecasts of transportation resources andrequirements.

(e) Collects transportation information andproduces transportation intelligence con-cerning foreign transportation systems,facilities, and materiel, as required by thecommand and by transportation staffsections of higher and subordinate com-mands.

(f) Exercises technical supervision over in-telligence activities of subordinate trans-portation staff sections.

(g) Supervises intelligence detachments andpersonnel assigned or attached to trans-portation staff sections.

(h) Provides technical assistance to AssistantChief of Staff G-2 on transportationtechnical intelligence matters when re-quired.

TAGO 28080 1

(i) Establishes and/or implements securitymeasures for the safeguarding of militaryinformation within the office of the trans-portation officer.

(j) Exercises staff supervision over theselection, processing, and evacuation offoreign materiel, related documents, andreports to the zone cf interior for intel-ligence purposes as required by the Chiefof Transportation or by the intelligenceofficer (G2).

(4) Supply division.(a) Functions.

1. Determines requirements for and alloca-tion of Transportation Corps suppliesand equipment including Army air-craft.

2. Plans for and supervises operation ofTransportation Corps supply and main-tenance installatio:as.

3. Establishes policy and procedure for therecovery, evacuation, reclamation, andmaintenance of supplies and equipmentfor which the Transportation Corps isresponsible.

4. Performs technical inspection of Trans-portation Corps supplies and equip-ment.

6. Establishes liaison with Air Forc,3 de-pot, supply and maintenance installa-tions supporting Army aviation activi-ties.

6. Edits requisitions for TransportationCorps equipment.

12 TAGO 2308C

(b) Composition. The supply division willnormally be organized on a functionalbasis and contain a requirement and pro-curement branch, a storage and distribu-tion branch, and a maintenance branch.

(5) Movement control division.(a) Functions:

1. Compiles and analyzes transportation re-quirements in the development of thesupply movement plan and program.

2. Recommends allocation of the transportcapacity.

3. Adjusts program to changing require-ments.

4. Expedites shipments through subordi-nate commands and/or field transpor-tation offices.

5. Recommends regulations for the use andemployment of transport capacity.

6. Coordinates with users of transportation,the transport services including the AirForce concerning troop carrier com-mand capacity.

7. Prepares a n a 1 y s i s of transportationmovement activities to ascertain the ef-fectiveness of transportation supportand to improve the efficiency of move-ment policy and procedures.

8. Prepares basic studies for the negotiationof rates and transportation services withsovereign nations when required.

9. Studies the transportation traffic patternand net to provide recommendations to

TAGO 2308C 13

the transportation officer concerningnecessary adjustments.

10. Exercises operational control over trans-portation movement control personnelnot assigned or attached to subordinatecommands.

11. Recommends location of in-transit stor-age areas and transfer points.

12. Controls, regulates, and expedites themovement of Transportation Corpstransporters within the theater.

13. Maintains current information on statusof supply movement program imrple-mentation and recommends correctiveaction if required.

(b) Composition. The movement control di-vision will normally be organized alongfunctional lines consisting of program,freight, air, and passenger branches.

(6) Transport service division (or divisions).(a) Functions.

1. Exercises, for the transportation officer,operational control over Transporta-tion Corps transport services of the com-mand not assigned or attached to sub-ordinate commands.

2. Prepares and supervises training -pro-grams of Transportation Corps trans-port services under operation control ofthe command.

3. Performs staff supervision of the trans-port services of the command.

4. Advises the transportation officer andmovement control division of capabili-

14 TAGO 2308C

ties of the transport services and localcivilian transport facilities and equip-ment.

5. Insures maximum availability of local ci-vilian transport capabilities in occupiedareas as well as Transport ServiceUnits.

6. Recommends adjustments in the employ-ment, distribution, and capabilities ofTransport Service Units, equipment,and facilities.

7. Performs command and technical inspec-tions of transport units.

8. Provides operating statistics and infor-mation to other divisions of the staffsection as required.

9. Assists the transportation officer in thepreparation of highway regulationplans, and acts as a staff supervisoryagency in the execution of these plans.

(b) Composition. The transport services di-vision may be composed of highway, rail,Army aviation, inland waterways, andterminal services branches, or each oneof these may compose a separate trans-port division in the transportation stafforganization.

Section II. ORGANIZATION WITHIN COMMANDS

7. Theater Command Relationships

a. The transportation function is present at allechelons of command. The size and the duties ofthe transportation element of the staff are dictated

TAGO 2308C 15

by the mission of the command and, to a lesser de-gree, by the type and composition of subordinatecommands.

b. The global nature of modern warfare often re-quires the use of command echelons which commandthe armed forces of two or more allied nations.Such forces are designated combined forces; the staffelements are designated combined. staffs.

c. A joint command is established where it is inec-essary to constitute a force from two or more serv-ices, that is, Army, Navy, or Air Force. The staffof a joint commander is designated a joint (or J)staff.

d. Theaters of operations are organized as set forthin FM 100-10 and FM 100-15. Except for thoseheadtquarters for which there are appropriate tablesof organization and equipment, command eche'lonswill be organized and staffed as necessary by thetheater or theater army commander.8. Tlieater

a. Responsibilities.(1) The theater transportation officer is the

member of the joint or combined staff whoestablishes, for the theater commander, poli-cies for operating the theater transportationservice and coordinates this service for thetheater logistics officer. The joint or com-bined staff sets up an agency, headed by thetransportation officer, to coordinate thetransportation requirements of the militaryforces in the theater. Certain transporta-tion, such as that supplied by the MilitaryAir Transport Service (MATS) and the

16 TAGO 2308C

Military Sea Transportation S e r v i c e(MSTS), is under the direct control of theDepartment of Defense. Military AirTransport Service units are not assignedeither to the theater commander or to thetheater Air Force commander. Since theirmission transcends the boundaries of thetheater, they are exempted from its control;however coordination is necessary since aportion of their capacity is allocated to andutilized by the theater commander.

(2) Although organization and staffing varywith command level and mission, all trans-portation sections follow much the samepattern, and the principal staff functionsremain practically the same. The theatertransportation officer may be an Army, AirForce, or Navy officer depending upon theservice having predominant interest. Thetheater transportation officer may also bethe transportation officer of the theaterarmy, air force, or navy.

(3) The responsibilities of the theater trans-portation officer are both supervisory andadvisory. His duties include broad or gen-eral planning, issuing broad directives, andassuming overall control of the theatertransportation organization for the jointor combined staff to the extent authorizedby the commander.

b. Functions. Specific functions of the theatertransportation officer closely parallel those of thetransportation officer outlined in paragraph 5.

TAGO 2308C 360492'--55-2 17

9. 'Theater Army

a. Responsibilities. The theater army transpor-tation officer is responsible to the commander, underthe general staff supervision of tlhe G4, for providingan adequate transportation service within the theater.This includes the responsibility for broad plans, su-pervision, and coordination of Transportation S'erv-ice activities of all forces under the theater armycommander. His plans must take into considerationthe policies and directives established by the theatercoramander in the employment of transport servicesof the Navy and Air Force and the employment ofallied and civilian transport.

b6. Functions. Specific functions of the theaterarmy transportation officer closely parallel these ofthe transportation officer outlined in paragraph 5.

10, Field Army

a. Responsibilities. The army transportation of-ficer is responsible for advising the commander andhis staff on all transportation matters and for thepreparation of plans involving the use of the l;rans-port system for which the Army is responsible. Heis also charged with the staff responsibility fo:r pro-viding installations and units of the command. withtransportation as required beyond the capabilities ofsubordinate commands.

b. Functions. Specific functions of the field armytransportation officer closely parallel those of thetransportation officer outlined in paragraph 5.

1 1. Communications Zone

a. Responsibilities. The communications zonetransportation officer advises the commander and his

18 TAG() 2os80

staff on Transportation Corps matters and directs,controls, and coordinates the operations of the com-munications zone transportation service. He plansand implements the transportation required to sup-port the mission of the communications zone com-mander and to provide transportation to Air Force,Navy, allied, and civilian agencies as directed byhigher authority. Transportation Corps units in-volved in intersectional services normally remainassigned to the communications zone under his opera-tional control.

b. 1Functions. Specific functions of the communi-cations zone transportation officer closely parallelthose of the transportation officer outlined inparagraph 5.

12. Other Commands

a. The transportation officer of other commands,such as army group, corps, section, base, district, orarea command, has responsibilities and functionssimilar to those of the field army or communicationszone transportation officer. The organization andsize of the transportation staff will vary with themagnitude and complexity of the transportation op-erations of the respective commands.

b. The division transportation officer is not a spe-cial staff officer, but is assigned to the general staffas Assistant G4, Transportation. He is an advisorto the division commander on matters pertaining toemployment, capabilities, and limitations of organicand attached transportation. He is concerned withboth tactical and administrative movements. Hisspecific functions are similar to those listed in para-

TAGO 2308C 19

graph 5 which are pertinent to the division or as de-termined by the commander.

c. Headquarters and headquarters company, lo-gistical commands, type A, B, or C, may be utilizedto exercise command of an integrated organization ofthe corabined services, such as area command, district,base or section of the communications zone. A trans-portation section is provided in each of these logis-tical command headquarters.

20 TAGO 2308C

CHAPTER 3

FUNCTIONS

Section 1. OPERATION OF TRANSPORTATION UNITSAND FACILITIES

13. Operation of Military Transportation Agenciesand Facilities

The Transportation Service of a command mustutilize, plan for the development of, and exploit alltransportation resources which will contribute to thelogistical mission and success of the campaign.

a. Army Transport Services. Certain transportservices are operated or coordinated and controlledby the transportation officer. They are-

(1) Transportation Corps units (railway, high-way, aviation, inland waterway, terminal,supply, and movement control).

(2) Civilian carriers and terminals.b. Support Transport Agencies. Transport agen-

cies of the Air Force and Navy may be utilized tosupport a command when authorized by the theatercommander. The support furnished by these agen-cies to the army will be coordinated with such agen-cies by the transportation officer of the command.These agencies are-

(1) Military Sea Transportation Service.(2) Military Air Transport Service.(3) Air Force Troop Carrier Command.

TAGO 2308C 21

o. Control. Commanders are responsible for theprovision of the transportation capacity necessaryfor subordinate commanders to accomplish their :mis-sion. However, when certain transportation t.nitsare required to serve more than one subordinate com-mand, operational control will normally be retainedby the higher headquarters. This assures flexibilityin the distribution of transport capacity to fill vary-ing requirements of the subordinate commanders.

14. UWilization of Civilian Personnel and Facilities

a. Except in the least developed areas, the basisof the military transport service is the existingtran:sportation net expanded as may be necessa:ry tomeet military requirements. E:ficient utilization ofcivilian transport systems in occupied areas requiresthat they be completely integrated with militarytransport media. When operations are conductedin an area controlled by a sovereign friendly govern-ment military transport units are used to augmentthe local civilian capacity.

lo. The use of local civilians is a highly effectivemethod of supplementing the available military man-power. The procurement of local civilian personnelis subject to procedures prescribed by the theatercommander. It is essential that plans provide forthe utilization of local manpower to the fullest ex-tent. Civilian personnel utilization and manage-ment are command functions at all echelons.

c. A large number of transportation service taskscan be performed by civilian labor in the theater ofoperations. Some jobs which can be performed bycivilians are clerical and administrative work, rail-

22 TAGOC 2308C

road operation and maintenance, cargo handling atterminals, operation and maintenance of motorvehicles.

d. Provision for the use of local labor should be apart of every theater transportation plan. Cogni-zance must be taken of labor availability; technicalexperience and ability; and the social customs, reli-gion, education, language, and political affiliationsof the populace. A knowledge of the civilian trans-portation organizations and facilities, includingpersonnel who hold key positions, is necessary tofully exploit the existing transport systems.

Section II. PLANNING15. General

Planning is an important function in a theater ofoperations, and transportation staffs at all levels ofcommand participate. Planning within Trans-portation Corps units is essential to complement andimplement staff planning.

16. Basic Considerations

a. A transportation plan designed to support themission of the command must assure the maximumavailability of capacity within the capabilities ofavailable personnel, equipment, supplies, and facili-ties. The transportation planner must considerthe extreme possibilities of the military situation andprovide for as many contingencies as possible.Basic considerations include, but are not limited to,a complete understanding of the following:

(1) Available modes of transport.(2) Movement capabilities of available modes.

TAGO 2308C 23

(3) WVhat must be moved.(4) When it must be moved.(5) Where it must be moved.(6) The enemy capability to disrupt The Trans-

portation Service.(7) Characteristics of Tranportation Corps in-

stallations and facilities.(8) Capabilities of organic communications

and services provided by the Signal Corps.(9) Loading and unloading capabilities of in-

stallations served by the transport service.'10) Type and characteristics of transporta-

tion facilities available.b. The plan must include provisions for anr ade-

quate number of transportation units and facilities,flexibility, efficiency, and simplicity. Provisionsmust be made for alternate plans, necessary commu-nications, security, and timely issuance of orders.(See chapter 6 for details of transportation plan-ning.)

c. Railroads, highway transport, inland water-ways, pipelines, and air transport all have their owncharacteristics and capabilities. Blending the capa-bilit'es of each available mode of transportation withrequirements is a major function of staff transporta-tion officers. Close coordination is required with allplanning elements. Advance planning, for instance,will require the closest coordination with other spe-cial staff officers in developing the type and amountof construction effort required for rehabilitation orconstruction of transportation and communicationsfacilities and distribution of bulk petroleum prod-ucts. Sound conclusions can only be reached after

24, TAGO 2308C

careful consideration of all the implications of thetransportation plan.

d. The overall plan is normally broken down intodetailed plans for specific areas. Detailed plans arethe responsibility of the transportation officers of sub-ordinate commands who must coordinate them withthe requirements of the commander and with the gen-eral transportation plan of higher headquarters.

Section III. INTELLIGENCE

17. General

a. Military information, military intelligence,strategic intelligence, combat intelligence, and coun-terintelligence are discussed in FM 30-5. Trans-portation intelligence and technical intelligence arediscussed in FM 30-16. Intelligence is a function ofthe G2. The collection of information in the fieldis a generic operation, and the distinction in the pro-duction of types of intelligence is chiefly in terms ofscope, perspective, and level of use.

b. Transportation intelligence is k n o w 1 e d g eacquired by the collection, evaluation, analysis, in-tegration, and interpretation of all available trans-portation information of a country or area. Suchtransportation information includes, but is not lim-ited to foreign transportation systems and facilities,including railroads, highways, inland waterways,ports (sea and inland waterway), rotary and lightfixed-wing aircraft, and other modes of transport. Itprovides US military planners with the basic datarequired to calculate the military movement capabil-ities, limitations, and vulnerabilities of foreign trans-portation systems and facilities. It provides com-

TAGO 2308C 25

manders in the field with similar knowledge for usein planning tactical operations.

18. Transportation Intelligence

a. The transportation officer on each special staff(oversea commands) is responsible for the collectionof transportation information and the production oftransportation intelligence, as prescribed in FM 30-16. The transportation officer's intelligence plan isprepared and executed by the transportation intel-ligerce officer who acts as the chief of the intelli-genca branch, plans and intelligence division, of thetransportation officer's staff. The intelligence pro-duced under the transportation officer's supervisionis that required by his own commander, higher head-quarters, his own staff section for transportationplanning, and for use by operating units.

b. The Assistant G4 for transportation in inf antry,armor, and airborne divisions has the same intelli-gence functions as transportation officers of higherechelons, subject to such modifications as may be di-rected by the division commander.

c. At each level of command., transporation intel-ligence activities, including intelligence relationshipswith Navy, Air Force, and allied forces, are underthe general staff supervision of the G2. Systematicand continuing intelligence liaison is maintained byth 3 transportation officer or his designated represent-ative with pertinent theater intelligence agencies,through or as directed by the G2.

d. Transportation officers of theater headquartersand oversea commands maintain appropriate intel-ligence coordination and liaison with the Ch:ief ofTransportation through technical channels.

26 TAGO 2308C

19. Transportation Intelligence Requirements

a. The transportation intelligence officer of eachlevel of command will assemble, analyze, and in-corporate into his collection plan the transportationintelligence requirements of his own and, whereapplicable, higher, lower, and adjacent headquarters.Orders and requests based on this intelligence col-lection plan are disseminated to provide transporta-tion intelligence officers and transportation intelli-gence detachment commanders a basis for the prep-aration of their intelligence collection plans. G2and transportation collecting agencies will be in-formed of changing priorities and completion ofspecific requirements to preclude unnecessary collec-tion effort.

b. Available collecting agencies include, but arenot limited to the following:

(1) Intelligence branch of transportation spe-cial staff sections.

(2) Transportation intelligence detachments(HB-strategic intelligence; HA-combat in-telligence).

(3) All other Transportation Corps units andpersonnel.

(4) The organic and attached facilities ofhigher, lower, and adjacent units, includingtroops and intelligence personnel organicto or attached to combat units.

c. All basic documents, maps, and diagrams shouldbe studied, analyzed, annotated, and forwardedthrough intelligence channels in accordance withFM 30-15, paragraphs 56 through 64.

d. Information obtained by unit commanders con-

TAGO 2308C 27

cerning enemy transportation systems, facilities, andmateriel will be forwarded to the nearest transporta-tion intelligence officer without delay. Capturedenemy transportation materiel will be processed inaccordance with FM 30-16.

20. Transportation Intelligence 'rTeams

a. Transportation intelligence detachments (HB)normally are assigned to transportation special staffsections of theater, army, and communications zone.Transportation intelligence detachments (HA) arenormally assigned to each corps. Subteams are pro-vided each frontline division as required. Bothtypes of transportation technical intelligence detach-ments are under the operational control of the trans-portation officer of the headquarters to whichassigned or attached.

b. The commanding officer of a transportationtechnical intelligence detachment (HB) may be des-ign ated as the chief of the intelligence branch, [plansand intelligence division, of the transportatior offi-cer's special staff.

Section IV. MOVEMENT CONTROL

21. General

a. Movement control is defined as the competentselection, allocation, and use of transportation facili-ties for the movement of personnel and things to meetmilitary requirements with the maximum economyof resources.

b. The objective of movement control is to insurethat persons and things are moved in accordance withestablished priorities, and in the quantities specified

28 TAGO 2308C

between origins and destinations as required to sup-port military operations. For this reason, planning,programing, and controlling military shipments inwar are essential functions of command at allechelons.

c. The transportation officer of each headquartersor command is responsible to the commander, underthe general staff supervision of G4, for planning andcontrolling movements performed by any mode oftransportation made available to the command. Thetransportation officer coordinates closely with the G3for all movements of a tactical nature. In majorcommands the movement control division in the of-fice of the transportation officer performs the twofunctions of planning and controlling shipments. Insmaller commands these functions may be consoli-dated with those of other sections.

22. Principles of Movement Control

a. General. In theaters of operations movementcapacity will seldom exceed transportation requests.In operating under any conditions, the followingfundamental considerations should be observed:

(1) Movement control must be centralized to thedegree permitted by the organization of thecommand and necessary to accomplish themission.

(2) Shipments must be regulated and coordi-nated to the degree essential to militaryoperations.

(3) The flow of traffic must be continuous andflexible.

(4) Efficient utilization of the transport ca-pacity.

TAGO 2308C 29

b. Centralized Movement Control. Planning forthe use of all transport capacity available to aE com-mand is normally centralized to obtain the maximumutilization of this capacity. The transportation of-ficer of a senior headquarters will normally allocatetransport capacity to subordinate units as follows:

(1) By allocating space for intrasectional andintersectional movements on transport serv-ices or units which are employed in inter-sectional service and over which he retainsoperational control.

(2) By attaching transport units on a temporarybasis to accomplish a specific mission.

(3) By assigning transport units on perlmanentbasis to take care of normal intrasectionalrequirements.

c. Coordination of Movement. Free use by ship-pers, at their discretion, of the, facilities and equip-ment of the transport services may tax the transportsystem beyond its capacity and lead to congestion andconsequent loss of flexibility. Therefore, regulationof shipments is essential. A shipment must be initi-atad only when terminal and transfer facilities areadequate to accommodate it, when the transport serv-ices concerned can implement the movement fromorigin to destination, and it is required for the ac-complishment of the military mission. It is impera-tive that a balance is maintained between transportrequirements and transport capacity.

d. Continuity and Flexibility of Movement.(1) All modes of transportation must be c Dordi-

nated to provide a transport systemn overwhich shipments may move without iegardfor administrative boundaries.

30 TAGCO 2308C

(2) Transport equipment usually must returnto points where shipments originate if flowis to be continuous. Except when theymight interfere with forward support ship-ments, return loads of salvage material willbe dispatched whenever possible.

(3) When not outweighed by other considera-tions, shipments should be allocated to thatunit of transportation which can accom-plish a through movement from origin todestination.

(4) Changes in the tactical situation often ne-cessitate rapid revision of supply movementplans and programs. The available trans-portation facilities supporting military op-erations must be highly flexible, since suchfacilities must not only provide transporta-tion when and where required, but also mustbe able to divert such movements en routewhen necessary. Full utilization of thetransportation net must be possible to in-sure immediate implementation of decisionsof the commander.

(5) Plans for retrograde movements should besuch that continuity and flexibility of for-ward movements are not impaired.

e. Utilization of C a p a c i t i e s. Transportationequipment is best utilized when turn-around time isreduced to a minimum, when equipment is loaded toits capacity, and when uniform rate of flow is main-tained in transit.

(1) The time required for transportation equip-ment to pick up a load, deliver it to its des-tination, and arrive at the next loading

TAGO 2308C 31

point is one of the determining factors inthe movement capability of transport equip-ment.

(2) The economical load for every form oftransportation equipment varies accordingto conditions. When this is exceeded, lossof speed, excessive wear and tear, an6c even-tual breakdown will result. If the load isless than optimum, movement capacity iswasted.

(3) The movement capacity of a transport netis determined by the total capacities of alltransport modes. Moreover, the maximumcapacity of the most restricted segment of aline of communications is the deterrainingfactor in the overall capacity of the line.The maximum volume of movements over asystem during any particular period is gov-erned by current conditions, and attemptingto force more movements over the systemthan it can accommodate will result in con-gestion and delay, irregular flow of move-ments, and failure of shipments to reachtheir destinations in accordance with. plansand priorities.

(4) When conditions permit, a limited expresstype service for priority cargo may be es-tablished on any one or a combination ofmodes of transportation.

23. Supply Movement Plans and Programs

a. General. The objective of supply movementplanning is to fit the capabilities of available trans-portation to the demands of the users so that all re-

3,2 TAGO 2308C

quirements can be filled, or to comply with the prior-ities determined by the commander. This planningis conducted at all echelons of command having re-sponsibility for transportation service. The supplymovement plan, when authenticated by the G4, be-comes the supply movement program of the com-mand and indicates when, where, and the meansof accomplishing authorized shipments.

b. Supply Movement Plans. Supply movementplanning consists of: assembly of requirements,analysis of capabilities, application of priorities es-tablished by the commander, and tentative allocationof available capacity against requirements.

(1) Assembly of requirements. At each eche-lon of command, users of transportationsubmit in advance their needs for transpor-tation for a future period. These require-ments are assembled into a coordinatedstatement of transportation requirements.At this time the logistics officer adds anyknown requirements imposed by higher au-thority. The sum of these factors consti-tutes the command's requirements for move-ment.

(2) Analysis of capabilities. An up-to-dateknowledge of transport capacities is essen-tial to movement planning. Current infor-mation on capacity, by mode, is providedby the transport service division and is usu-ally expressed in terms of short tons permode per day. Information on the abilityof units and installations to ship and re-ceive must also be available before the totalcapability to ship can be determined.

TAGO 2308C 360492-.----3 33

'3) Establishment of priorities. The militarydemands on transportation agencies inpeacetime normally are met without diffi-culty by the existing civil transportationsystems. In time of war, however, a greatlyincreased military demand is placed on thecivil systems both in the zone of interiorand in oversea theaters of operations, inaddition to an expanded civil demand re-sulting from the changeover to a nationalwar economy. Transport capacity, more-over, may have been substantially reducedby damage through enemy action or by re-strictions imposed by wartime operations,such as use of the convoy system, blackout,or inadequate number of maintenance fa-cilities. Consequently, it may be expectedthat requests for transportation may exceedcapabilities and this in turn will impose aneed for establishment of priorities in orderthat the commander's plan may be alpro-priately implemented. The establishmentof priorities is a command responsibility.

(4) Principles of supply movement plann:ing.(a) The available capacity of the most eco-

nomical mode is utilized first for ship-ment as far forward as possible.

(b) Shipment of freight by rail or water forshort distances should normally beavoided.

(o) Highway transport is used best for shorthauls.

(d) Backhauling and crosshauling should beavoided.

34 TAGO 2308C

(e) Transfer of cargo en route to final desti-nation should be avoided.

(f) Maximum utilization of transport capac-ity.

(5) Supply movement program. The supplymovement program is the result of supplymovement planning. When the plan iscompleted, it is submitted to the AssistantChief of Staff, G4, for approval andauthentication. When authenticated, theplan becomes the program and is the au-thority for shipment of programed itemsand for the transport services to furnishtransport equipment on demand. It speci-fies what is to be moved, origin and destina-tion of the shipment, and the mode oftransportation on which it is to be moved.This program, however, is not self-implementing. The shipping agency mustrequest the transportation required, desig-nating the mode specified on the supplymovement program for the specific ship-ment.

(6) Programed personnel movements. Whenpersonnel shipments can be planned to moveon a regular basis, they are programedin a manner similar to supply shipments.With personnel shipments the G1 and theG3 have primary interest rather than thetechnical services. However, the majorityof personnel movements will be nonpro-gramed because most shipments will notmove on a regular basis.

TAGO 2308C 35

(7) Nonprogramed movemzents. As many ship-ments as possible should be programed,however there is a large percentage ofshipments that cannot be planned ina thismanner. Agencies desiring to initiate ship-ments not included on the supply movementprogram must furnish the necessary detailsto the transportation officer in sufficient timefor the transport space to be allocated tomeet the demand for the supplies at destina-tion. If the shipment is intersectional itwill normally require the approval of thecommunications zone transportation cifficer.

24. Movement Instructionsa. Movement instructions are detailed instructions

for the coordination of a shipment. They are issuedby a movement control agency as instructions foraccomplishment of programed and nonprogramedmovements and represent agreed procedure to be fol-lowed by the shipper, receiver, and carrier.

b. Movement instructions will normally cc¢ntainthe following information for each programed move-ment:

(1) Identification and description of the move-ment.

(2) Points of origin and destination.{3) Points of loading and/or unloading.(4) Responsible agency and its representative

at points of origin and destination, wherepracticable.

(5) Date and time for the movement.(6) Transport mode and facilities to be pro-

vided for the movement.

36 TAGO 2308C

(7) Special arrangements for critical cargo,etc., if appropriate.

(8) Special instructions for documentation andmarking, if appropriate.

(9) Such additional information as may be ofassistance to the users of transportation orto the transport services in accomplishingthe movement.

25. Supervision of the Supply Movement Programa. Supervision of the execution of the supply

movement program is a staff responsibility of thetransportation officer. Coordination with consignor,consignee, and transport service is required to deter-mine adequacy of service and to insure that trans-port capacity is not unduly delayed.

b. Specific, timely, and accurate information isfundamental to the effective supervision of move-ment. Movement information is accumulatedthrough technical channels. Field transportationoffices and transport units are the principal meansof furnishing such information.

26. Communicationsa. Adequate communications are essential in the

performance of movement control functions at alllevels. Field transportation officers must maintainconstant contact with higher headquarters, transportservice organizations, and units and installationswhich they serve.

b. Communications requirements are determined,planned, facilities surveyed, and necessary equipmentprocured prior to the establishment of field transpor-tation offices. Reconnaissance is conducted to deter-

TAGO 2308C 37

mine the best method for providing necessary com-munications with other agencies. An alte:natemethod of communications should always be .,vail-able. The signal officer of the command is responsi-ble fcr providing the necessary signal support a,, out-lined in FM 11-20.

27. DocumentationProper and adequate documentation cannot be

overemphasized. It is essential that the shipper berecuired to provide proper documentation o:f thecargo before departure, however, redocumentation intransit is the responsibility of the TransportationService. This is necessary to provide a means forproper control, clearance, receipt, and identification.Documentation procedures and forms should stresssimplicity consistent with adequacy and should be ascommon to all transport agencies as the peculiaritiesof the various modes of transportation will permit.

28. Field Movement Controla. The nature of transportation operations in the

field, the fluctuating demands placed on the Trans-portation Service as a result of changes in the logisti-cal requirements of the combat forces, and the in-terruptions to programed movements caused byenemy attacks on the supply lines with subsequentbreaks in the transportation system all requir3 thepresence in the field of movement control personnel.Field transportation personnel represent the trans-po:rtation officer of the command having territorialjurisdiction over the area in which such personnelare located. They act to insure full coordinationof the shippers' and transport services' activities.

38 TAGO 2308C

They insure adherence to the movement program andreceive requests for and procure requests for non-programed movements. Field transportation per-sonnel are deployed as required at communicationcenters, depots, inland terminals, water terminals,transfer points, railheads, truckheads, air terminals,and Ordnance vehicle parks.

b. Movement control teams are organized ad-ministratively as companies and groups under theprovisions of TOE 55-500R. These companies andgroups furnish personnel for the movement controlmission of the transportation officer of the commandto which assigned.

Section V. SECURITY

29. General

Security, as applied to the Transportation Service,covers a broad field of activities. A partial list ofitems to be considered are communications security,pilferage, documentation, and tactical security oftransportation units and installations includingcamouflage, cover, concealment, and dispersion. Thelines of communications of the theater offer excellenttargets for the enemy. Enemy action, such as sabo-tage, guerilla activities, espionage, chemical-biologi-cal-radiological attack, and infiltration must be anti-cipated. Normally, combat personnel will not beavailable to guard the supply routes. The burden ofsecurity passes to the troops of the services; how-ever, the Military Police Corps provides guard de-tachments for each train, military railway service.Transportation units, because of the nature of theiroperations, are the major users of the lines of com-

TAGO 2308C 39

munications. Therefore, Transportation Corps unitsmust be well trained in security measures.

30. ResponsibilityStaff supervision of transportation security is the

responsibility of the transportation officer. The is-su.ance of directives pertaining to transportation se-cutrity will be accomplished by the transportation of-ficer, in the name of the commander, and governedby the policies established by him. Implementationof plans from higher commands and the necessarytraining to provide tactical security are responsibili-ties of the area, unit, or installation commander.T:ae area commander is responsible for lines ol! com-munication security.

Section VI. SUPPLY AND MAINTENANCE

31. Supplya. The transportation officer of the commaLnd is

responsible for Transportation Corps supply. Sup-ply encompasses the activities concerned with de-termination of requirements, procurement, storage,and distribution. The transportation officer c.irectsand supervises the policies pertaining to all supplyactivities for the appropriate transportation service.

b. Army aviation supply responsibility is dividedbetween the Air Force and the Transportation Corps.Depot stocks are maintained by the Air Force and theTransportation Corps is responsible for procuringsupplies from the Air Force for issue to using agen-cies. Depot stock levels are determined b:y theChief of Transportation and are carried on a sepa-rate account for the Army. The responsible trans-

40 TAGO 2308C

portation officer will usually assign liaison officersto appropriate Air Force depots to monitor andcoordinate depot support activities.

c. Supply economy is the conservation, mainte-nance, safeguarding, recovery, repair, and salvageof all equipment and supplies. The TransportationCorps unit commander will strengthen and enforcesupply economy so that each individual is consciousof the cost of hoarding and wasteful use of suppliesand equipment. Close supervision by the transpor-tation officer in enforcing accepted methods of load-ing, unloading, handling, and storage of in-transitsupplies will contribute to supply economy by safe-guarding from pilferage and damage. It is his re-sponsibility to ascertain that his stock control activi-ties are efficiently operated in compliance with estab-lished policies. Supply discipline exercised contin-uously and effectively is imperative.

32. Aviation Maintenance

Depot maintenance of Army aircraft and alliedaircraft equipment is performed by the supportingAir Force depot. Repair beyond the capability ofthe depot may be accomplished by contract withlocal civilian firms or evacuated to the zone of in-terior through Air Force channels. Maintenancebelow the depot level is accomplished by Transporta-tion Corps maintenance units and the using organi-zation.

TAGO 2308C 41

CHAPTER 4

MODES OF TRANSPORTATION

Section 1. TRANSPORT SERVICE

33. General

a. This chapter outlines the various modes oftransportation and their utilization and briefly de-scribes the units and installations of the transportservices. Since any one, or any combination, of themodes may be employed throughout a theater, thischcpter is not to be construed as limiting the utiliza-tio:n of any particular unit of the TransportationCorps or any particular type of transportation. Themost economical and efficient means of transparta-tio:n will be used, depending upon the urgency ofrequirements and the availability of capacity.

b. The creation of an effective transport systemin any military situation demands that availablemeans of transportation (water, railway, highway,pipel:ne, and air) be integrated and utilized as anentity. The complexities of modern warfare aresuch that a failure in any part of the military t:?ans-port system may result in failure of the entire t:rans-portation system and the logistical support o:E thecombat forces. The transport modes are organizedto accomplish the regulation and/or operation of thenet and to provide for the integration of the localcivilian transport system. The various modes of

42 TAGO 2308C

transportation, or the transportation nets of sepa-rate areas, cannot be operated without regard for therequirements of the other modes of transportationor those of the entire system. A high degree offlexibility is necessary in order that the transporta-tion capabilities may be diverted, concentrated, orreallocated as the strategic and tactical situationdemands. The integration and flexibility requiredare best achieved through the establishment of cen-tralized control and decentralized operations. Re-ciprocal support and close liaison between all servicesof the Armed Forces are required for effective de-velopment, rehabilitation, maintenance, and func-tioning of the transportation system.

34. Combat Zone

The Transportation Service in the combat zone,except for that portion assigned or attached to sub-ordinate commands, functions under the operationalcontrol of the transportation officer of each field army.Since the ultimate purpose of the communicationszone transportation service is to place cargo and per-sonnel within reach of the combat forces, communi-cation zone units will be required to operate withinthe army area. The major share of the transporta-tion task within the army area, however, is per-formed by highway transport. As military opera-tions progress, every opportunity to develop othermeans of transportation must be exploited in orderto increase the shipping capacity within the areaand to assure the maximum possible transportationsupport to the combat forces.

TAGO 2308C 43

a. Water Transport. Normally inland waterwaysare not utilized as a mode of transport in the com-bat zone. Destruction of facilities and equipmentby the enemy, the need for developing suitable trans-fer points, and the absence of local skilled personnelsuch as bargemen, pilots, and tugboat operators us-ually makes use of such waterways impractical.

b. Railway Transport. Railway operations ex-tend to railheads as far forward as possible. Railfacilities and equipment, regardless of gage, withinthe army area should be utilized by the military rail-way service to increase transportation capacity. Railunits are seldom assigned to a field army but may belocated and operate within the army area.

(. Highway Transport. Transportation truckcompanies form the nucleus of transportation for thefield army. These companies provide a general haul-ing service for the movement of persons and thingsbeyond the capabilities of the organic motor trans-port resources of the other units of the field army.Transportation truck battalions with the army are or-ganized to command two to six truck companies each.A headquarters, transportation highway transportgroup, provides command and administration forthese truck battalions when they are not attached tosubordinate commands.

d. Air Transport. Army transport aviationconsisting of both fixed- and rotary-wing aircraftprovides tactical and logistical support to forces inthe combat zone. Army transport aviation un',ts arenormally assigned to Army, but; they may be attachedto subordinate commands when required for perform-ance of a specific mission. A, definition of Army

44 TAGOC 23080

organic aviation and an outline of functions maybe found in SR 95-400-5. Figure 2 shows typicalTransportation Corps army aviation units in a typefield army.

(1) Helicopter battalion. The helicopter bat-talion provides a headquarters for controland administration of assigned or attachedtransportation helicopter companies and as-signed or attached maintenance teams. Thecomponent parts of the battalion are a head-quarters and headquarters detachment andtwo to four helicopter companies plus re-quired field maintenance teams.

(2) Helicopter company, army. The compo-nent parts of the company are the companyheadquarters, maintenance and service pla-toon, and 3 operating platoons. This com-pany provides short haul air transport toexpedite tactical operations and logisticalsupport in the forward areas of the combatzone.

(3) Helicopter teams (TOE 55-500R).(a) Helicopter aircraft teams. The follow-

ing helicopter teams, containing sufficientpersonnel and equipment for their organ-izational maintenance only, are normallyassigned to a major headquarters or fieldheadquarters or may augment a helicop-ter company to expedite and improve shortrange tactical and logistical movements:

1. Team KA, helicopter team (light cargo),equipped with two light cargo helicop-ters.

TAGO 2305C 45

i~l~e 0 I

UJ UE

:F~~~o,

~1 0

a I I ~~~~~~---1 'Q~~~~~

46 TAGO 2308~~~~~~~~~~ct

2. Team KB, helicopter team (mediumcargo), equipped with two mediumcargo helicopters.

(b) Helicopter field maintenance team. Theteam KD, light cargo helicopter fieldmaintenance team, is assigned to the armyfor the purpose of providing field mainte-nance (3d echelon) support for a cargohelicopter company. The team also pro-vides limited supplies and spare parts tosupport the company's organizationaland field maintenance requirements.

(4) Army aircraft maintenance battalion.This battalion normally consists of a head-quarters and headquarters detachment, oneheavy maintenance and supply company,and three aircraft maintenance companies.It is normally assigned on the basis of onebattalion per field army.

(5) Army aircraft maintenance company.Army aircraft maintenance companies areassigned to the army for the purpose ofproviding field maintenance support, in-cluding battlefield recovery, for approxi-mately 325 two-place fixed-wing army air-craft, or the equivalent, and allied aircraftequipment. They provide supplies andspare parts to supported units for organ-izational maintenance of aircraft and main-tain a small reserve of aircraft of the typesupported.

(6) Heavy maintenance and supply company.This company provides heavy maintenanceand supply support for the Army Aircraft

TAGO 2308C 47

Maintenance Company and operators offixed- and rotary-wing aircraft. It willnormally be located in the army rear area.Without augmentation it can support ap-proximately 687 of the aircraft in a fieldarmy (355 fixed-wing observation aircraft,58 utility and command aircraft, 181 recon-naissance helicopters, 30 utility helicopters,and 63 cargo helicopters, l1/2 -ton). Aug-mented this unit can support three addi-tional helicopter battalions.

(7) Army aircraft repair team KL, Army air-craft repair teams are assigned to the armyas required for the purpose of providinglimited field maintenance support for ap-proximately 50 two-place fixed-wing armyaircraft, or the equivalent. These teamsprovide supplies and spare parts to sup-ported units for organizational maintenanceof aircraft.

35. Communications Zone

.Movement of troops, equipment, and supplies fromrear to forward areas and evacuation and salvagefrom forward to rear areas usually progress throughsuccessive, separate stages. This fact, coupled withthe d.iverse operational and administrative needs ofthe forces in the theater, has resulted in a generalpolicy of decentralization of operations to separatecommands. Such a policy is normally expressel andeffected through the division of a theater into vari-ous territorial areas. The requirements establishedfor transportation service will determine the modesof transportation utilized and the quantity of trans-

48 TAGO 2308C

port present in any subdivision of the theater of op-erations at any given time. The Transport Servicemust be organized to make the most of the meansavailable. Intersectional transport services operat-ing in more than. one section should normally beexempted from operational control of the respectivesection commanders. Detailed information on modesof transportation used in the communications zoneappears in paragraphs 36 through 49.

Section II. RAIL TRANSPORTATION

36. Railway Transport

Railway transport is characterized by its abilityto move large tonnages of cargo over long distancesat a uniform rate of speed utilizing comparativelyfewer numbers of personnel than other modes oftransportation. Flexibility is limited by its depend-ence upon a fixed roadbed, the direction assumed bythe scheme of maneuver in relationship to the railroute, and vulnerability to enemy action.

37. Military Railway Service

The military railway service is comprised ofTransportation Corps railway command, operating,and maintenance units as required for the operationand maintenance of military railways and their fa-cilities. The military railway service is also utilizedto supervise the functions of those railways operatedand maintained by civilians in support of militaryoperations. The military railway system may be op-erated entirely by military personnel (phase I oper-ation), civilian and military personnel in combina-tion under military control (phase II operation), and

TAGO 2308C 360492--55---4 49

by civilians under military supervision (phas. IIIoperation). The utilization of civilian personnel isdependent upon such circumstances as proximity tothe enemy, security requirements, and the willing-ness and ability of local civilians to perform the job.

a. Command. Dependent upon the extent of thera.l net to be operated, one or more of the followingcommand units is utilized to direct the operation andmaintenance of railroads used i:n the logistical sup-port of military operations.

(1) General headquarters, military railwayservice. The senior railway headquartersin the theater will be assigned to TheaterArmy when the military service extends intoboth the combat zone and COMZ. The sen--or railway headquarters will always be as-signed to the lowest echelon of commandhaving area jurisdiction over the entire rail-way system.

(2) Headquarters and headquarters company,railway command. The headquarters andheadquarters company, railway comma nd, isnormally the highest echelon of the militaryrailway service and as; such is assigned inthe same manner as the general headquar-ters mentioned in a(1) above. It is c apa-ble of performing the overall supervisionand direction of an extensive railway sys-tem requiring the employment of two ormore railway groups.

(3) Headquarters and headquarters company,railway group. This headquarters is capa-ble of supervising and administering two tosix railway operating battalions, one or two

50 TAGO 2308C

railway shop battalions, and such unitsfrom TOE 55-50RR and the other servicesas may be attached or assigned. In theatersof operations with a limited rail net, thegroup may act in the capacity of, or in lieuof, the headquarters and headquarters com-pany, railway command. This unit is nor-mally assigned to a headquarters and head-quarters company, railway command.

b. Units.(1) Railway operating battalion. The railway

operating battalion is the basic operatingunit of the military railway service. It iscapable of administering, operating, andmaintaining the equipment, tracks, termi-nals, shops, and structures required for co-ordinated operations on the normal railwaydivision. That portion of a railway sys-tem which is assigned to a railway operat-ing battalion is known as a railway division.It usually consists of 90 to 150 miles ofright-of-way or a large terminal. The ac-tual distance is determined by the locationof terminals, desirable or undesirable physi-cal characteristics, and traffic density. Arailway operating battalion consists of aheadquarters and headquarters companywhich provides staff planning, supervision,coordination, and control of operations, ofunits of the battalion. This company dis-patches all trains operated by the battalion,distributes railway rolling stock whichcomes under the jurisdiction of the battal-ion, and operates railway stations and tow-

TAGO 2308C 51

ers. The railway engineering company iscapable of performing maintenance and re-pair for approximately 90 to 150 miles ofrailway right-of-way and railway signals,communications, structures, bridges, tun-nels, and buildings located within a rail-way division.* The railway equipmentcompany, depending upon shop facilitiesand the type and condition of the ecuip-ment, is capable of inspecting, maintaining,and making running repairs to the locomo-tives and railway cars normally operated onthe railway division. It also can repairtools and mechanical equipment of all com-panies within the battalion. The trair. op-erating company is capable of providing anaverage of 40 train and engine crews perday in either road or yard service over 90to 150 miles of railroad, depending uponlocal conditions. The electric power trans-mission company is normally attached to thebattalion, where electric motive power isoperated by means of electrified catenary orthird-rail systems, and is capable of main-taining and repairing electric power trans-mission facilities, including substations, cat-enary or third-rail, of 200-track miles ofelectrified railway.

(2) Railway shop battalion. The shop battalionperforms depot maintenance on the steamand/or diesel-electric locomotives and roll-

*See AR 55-650 for Corps of Engineers and ;SignalCorps responsibilities for construction and repair offacilities.

52 TAGO 2308C

ing stock of a military railway. Within therailway shop battalion is a headquartersand headquarters company to provide com-mand, staff coordination, technical super-vision, inspection service, and plant main-tenance for the battalion. The erecting andmachine shop company provides depotmaintenance involving erecting and/or ma-chine shop work for a military railway uti-lizing steam and/or diesel-electric locomo-tives. The boiler and smith shop companyprovides depot maintenance of steam and/ordiesel-electric locomotives involving boilerand/or smith shop work. The car repaircompany provides depot maintenance offreight and passenger cars. The diesel-electric locomotive repair company per-forms depot maintenance and inspection ofdiesel-electric locomotives.

(3) Augmentation. The units of the militaryrailway service can be augmented in variousstrengths to meet requirements under givenconditions, in accordance with the provis-ions of TOE 55-500R.

Section III. HIGHWAY TRANSPORTATION

38. Highway Transport

Highway transport is characterized by its abilityto move cargo and personnel at a relatively highspeed. Inherently flexible and highly adaptable toever changing military needs, highway transport iswidely employed in combination with other meansof transport and forms the principal connecting link

TAGO 2308C 53

in She transportation system. It is the vital link be-tween the more fixed types of land transport, su.:h asrailways and inland waterways, and the armie:s op-erating irn the field.

39. Highway Transport Service

rCho highway transport services performed by theTransportation Corps provide a general cargo andpersonnel hauling service, wheeled vehicle deliveryby drive-away method, and highway regulation forthe Armed Forces. The term includes all transpor-tat:ion highway transport staffs and units and allhighway resources (field army, communications zone,and section levels) used to operate a general haulingservice. It formulates and coordinates plans for theutilization of the command's motor transport re-sources and provides for the integration and super-vision of the operation of such local civilian highwaytransport facilities as are used in logistical supportof military operations.

a. Organization. The organization of highwaytransport service :is highly flexible. Within anygiven command or area it is determined by the typeand scope of the mission to be performed. Truckunits are attached to major commands in the :num-bers and types required to perform the mission. De-pendent, therefore, on the scope of operationsm andthe total number of units, one of the command or-ganizations shown in b below is selected to directthe operations and maintenance of highway trans-po:rt service subordinate units.

bi. ommand Units.(1) Headquarters and headquarters company,

highway transport division. This head-

54 TAGO 2308C

quarters coordinates and directs the train-ing, administration, supply, operations, andmaintenance of attached highway transportunits. Normally the unit is a commandagency for two or more highway groups.When operating on an area basis, this head-quarters is assigned to a section of the com-munications zone. When providing a ma-jor intersectional motor transport haul, thisheadquarters will normally be assigned tothe communications zone and may supervisesupporting technical service units. It is ca-pable, when supporting units are attached,of assuming complete responsibility for theregulation and operation of a highway lineof communications extending from thecoastal area to points within the Army area.

(2) Headquarters and headquarters company,highway transport group. The headquar-ters and headquarters company, highwaytransport group, may be assigned to a sec-tion, communication zone, field army, orhighway transport division. It normallycontrols and administers four to six truckbattalions.

(3) Headquarters and headquarters company,truck battalion. Four to six truck or carcompanies are normally attached to thisheadquarters. It may be assigned to a high-way transport group or may operate sepa-rately under any major headquarters.

c. Operating Units. Truck companies are thebasic element of a highway transport service. They

TAGO 2308C s5

are organized and equipped to provide transpDrta-tion service for the movement of cargo, personne L andfor the delivery of Ordnance vehicles. Truck andcar companies are normally attached to a truck bat-talion but are organized so that they can operateseparately.

(1) Light truck company. The light truck com-pany provides motor transportation for themovement of cargo and personnel. It s ca-pable of operating on poor roads or olf theroad, and is used when the use of heaviertruck units is impractical. Normal as3ign-ment is to a field army.

a(2) Medium truck company. The medium truckcompany provides truck transportation forthe movement of general cargo, personnel,bulk petroleum products, and refrigeratedcargo. It is normally assigned within thecommunications zone but should operate asfar forward as road conditions permit.

(3) Heavy truck company. The heavy truckcompany provides truck transportation forthe movement of general, out-sized, andheavy-lift cargo and provides bus transpor-tation for the movement of personnel. Thisunit is normally assigned in the comnmuni-cations zone but should operate as far for-ward as practical.

(4) Car company. The car company furnishespassenger, messenger, and light cargo ad-ministrative hauling service for the head-quarters of major commands.

56 TAGO 2308C

(5) Augmentation. Truck and car companiesrequire driver and maintenance augmenta-tion when continuous 24-hour operation isto be conducted, or in any other instancewhen two drivers per vehicle are required.

40. Highway Regulation

a. General. The emphasis placed on the mechani-zation of military forces in the field imposes an ab-normal amount of vehicular traffic on a highwaynet. Highways are essential elements of the trans-portation system and vital facilities in any scheme ofmaneuver, and it is therefore unwise to permit un-planned and unrestricted use. The movement ofunits and of vehicles engaged in supply and evacua-tion involves the use of roads and highways underconditions subject to rapid change. When the roadnet available for military movements is limited, orwhen the flow of highway traffic is heavy, the needfor coordination and supervision of highway usebecomes more important. This requirement be-comes greater when highway facilities are subject toenemy action. Under such conditions it becomesnecessary for the commander to assign priorities tovehicular movements in order of their relative im-portance, specify routes, schedule movements, andprovide supervision to insure that movements areexecuted as planned.

b. Function. Highway regulation is planningfor, and supervision exercised over, the utilization ofhighway facilities and embraces routing, scheduling,and directing the use of highways by vehicles, per-sonnel afoot, and animals, as required to fulfill the

TAGO 2308C 57

operational needs of the command. It is an imnpor-tant function of the highway officer of the trans-portation staff at all echelons of command. It is ex-ercised to the degree required to assure the retentionof fluidity in the highway facility. The highwayregulation functions may be delegated to the seniorhighway unit commander when highway units arethe principal user of a route, or delegated to a high-way transport division on an area basis. If this isdone the units must be augmented with appropriateteams from TOE 55-500R.

e. Planning. Planning for highway regulationmust be a continuing process to assure the progressiveadaptation of road movement requirements and avail-able highway facilities to the needs of the commnand,including forward, retrograde, and lateral traf ic.

(1) Considerations. In planning the efficientutilization of highway facilities, the trans-portation aspects of the following must beconsidered:

(a) Tactical situation, including the com-mander's plan and scheme of maneuverand the enemy capability to interdict thehighway lines of communications.

(b) Logistical plans, including a complete un-derstanding of who or what is to moveover the highways, the origin and desti-nation of movements, and the prioritiesfor road use established by the command-er. These plans must include both for-ward and retrograde movements.

(c) Technical data pertaining to the road net-work, access highways including the ca-

511 TAGO 2308C

pacities of bridges and road bed, thelimitations imposed by tunnels, bridges,or bottlenecks, and available communica-tions.

(d) Operational data pertaining to the high-way facility, including types of traffic,principal directions of movement, pres-ent and contemplated traffic flow, andtraffic capacity.

(e) Policies of the commander and restric-tions imposed by higher headquarterswith respect to the use of lights, roadspeed, safety, and security.

(2) Coordination. Coordination is essential inthe preparation of a highway regulationplan. Specifically there must be coordina-tion with-

(a) The engineers, concerning results of roadand bridge reconnaissance; highway andbridge construction and maintenance ac-tivities; and preparation of road maps,signs, signals, and control devices.

(b) The provost marshal, concerning plansfor traffic control, the enforcement oflaws and regulations, and the disciplinarycontrol of traffic.

(e) The signal officer, concerning the com-munications network.

(d) Other technical services, concerning thelocation of supporting installations.

(e) The G1 and the G4, concerning the loca-tion of logistical installations.

TAGO 2308C 59

(3) Promu7gation. Analysis of the considera-tions (c(1) above) and effective coordina-tion (c(2) above) should result in the prep-aration and promulgation of a plar. forhighway utilization which is capable ofimplementation. Pert!!nent facts should beincorporated in the appropriate paragraphsof administrative orders, with a map or anoverlay thereto, properly annotated andattached as an annex. Routine detailsshould be included in the standing operatingprocedure of the command. The resultantplan for highway utilization will cover bothforward and retrograde movements and in-clude-

(a) The road net to be used, control cd'assi-fication of routes, permissible directionsof movement, and designation of mainsupply route (MSR).

(b) Bridge and route classifications.(c) Locations of termirnal facilities, dumps

and depots, and supply points.(d) Locations of traffic control posts.(e) Locations of highweay regulation points.(f) Signal communications plan.(g) Priorities for highway use, when ap-

plicable.(h) Restrictions applicable to safety and

security.

41, Routing

Consistent with the current plans for highwayregulation and traffic circulation, the transportation

60 TAGO 2308C

officer prescribes the routings to be followed by high-way traffic to attain three ends-

a. Keeping highway movements constantly undercontrol.

b. Preventing confusion or congestion on the high-ways.

c. Insure efficient utilization of the entire high-way net.

42. Scheduling

Scheduling is the time apportionment of roadspace. It is a means by which priorities are imple-mented and traffic density is controlled. It isachieved by the regulation of departures from ori-gin and/or points en route, the rates of advance enroute, and times of arrival at destination or pointsen route.

43. Directing

Directing is the supervision of the highway regu-lation plan. It is accomplished by use of the convoyclearance system, standing operating procedures,other directives, military police, and highway regu-lating points.

Section IV. WATER TRANSPORTATION

44. Water Transportation

Water transportation is characterized by its abil-ity to move large volume of cargo for great distancesbut at comparatively slow speeds. Flexibility islimited by vulnerability to attack and the adequacyand location of beach and/or terminal facilities.Small vessels such as barges and tugboats may be

TAGO 2308C 61

employed in the utilization of water transportationin a land mass theater for the coastwise movementof cargo and personnel. These are also frequentlyused in ocean areas as an interisland service to sup-ply small or isolated garrisons. Maximum useshould also be made of rivers, lakes, and canals offer-ing an adequate channel permitting the passage ofinland waterway craft for the routine movement ofbulk supplies such as coal, petroleum products, con-struction materials, and low priority cargo.

45. Inland Waterways Service

.a. The inland waterways service is formed, whenrequired, to control and operate Army craft andsirailar small vessels indigenous to the area on inlandwaterways. Manning is accomplished in accordancewith the provisions of TOE 55-500R, which fur-nishes basic teams, for operation and maintenanceof craft, in a number of different categories andsizes, thus affording sufficient flexibility to providea suitable organization for an operation of any typeor scope. The inland waterways organization maybe composed entirely of military personnel or localcivilian operating personnel supervised by teamsof military from TOE 55-50011R.

b. The operational organization for inland water-ways; may vary in size from a single barge crew toa complete inland waterways service. The magni-tude of the organization will depend upon a numberof factors-the geographical location of the water-way and its characteristics, length, and importance;the volume of traffic anticipated; means available forsupervision; and the military si.tuation.

62 TAGO 2308C

c. Water terminals on rivers, canals, etc. inlandfrom the coast, involved in retrograde shipments tocoastal terminals, will normally be under the con-trol of the terminal command concerned. If ship-ments are forward only, then this inland terminalis considered as a transfer point and is under theappropriate commander in the area where it islocated.

Section V. AIR TRANSPORTATION

46. Air Transportation

Air transportation is characterized by high speed,great flexibility, and relatively unlimited choice ofroutes within aircraft range. It usually can be madeavailable in forward areas in the early phase of anoperation since it does not require prepared lines ofcommunication and can utilize hastily prepared ter-minals. Air transport operations are restricted bythe requirement for air superiority, by susceptibilityto prevailing weather conditions, and by the presentdesign and characteristics of aircraft with respectto capacity, range, and fuel consumption. Withinthe limitations of present aircraft design and theavailability of craft, air transport is capable of lift-ing large forces and their impedimenta over longdistances in relatively short periods of time and isespecially adaptable for supplying forces otherwiseinaccessible.

47. Military Air Transportation

The air transportation of shipments moving in theinterest of the army is accomplished by "army fixed-and rotary-wing aircraft," by the Air Force Troop

TAGO 2308C 63

Carrier Forces and the Military Air Transport IServ-

ice, and by such other aircraft as may be assignedto the theater commander.

a. Army Aviation. Army fixed- and rotary-wingtransport aircraft normally provide a short rangeair:ift service in the combat zone for the logisticaland tactical support of the army. While transporthelicopter units are under the staff supervision ofthe Army aviation special staff section, they are anintegral part of the Transportation Service. Pri-ority for employment is given to missions in su]'portof tactical units.

b. Military Air Transport Service. Air transportservice is provided for the m!litary forces by theMilitary Air Transport Service, a joint agency underthe direction of the Chief of Staff, United StatesAir Force. It operates as a service for the Benefitof the Army, Navy, and Air Force in the continentalUnited States between the continental United Statesand a theater of operations, or between theaters. TheMI-litary Air Transport Service is normally employedon regularly established routes on a scheduled. basisand may be augmented by contract civilian aircraftas well as troop carrier forces.

o. Troop Carrier Forces. Intratheater air trans-portation is furnished principally by troop carrierforces which operate normally within the geographi-cal limits of the theater of operations. They arean element of the theater air force. Troop carrieraccomplishes the following types of missions: (1)support of airborne forces, (2) aerial resupply, (3)air landed supply, (4) air evacuation of sick andwounded, (5) personnel and material transpcrt and

64. TAGD 2308C

air movement of units. USAF troop carrier unitsmay be augmented by theater navy cargo aircraft,etc.

d. The organization for control of overall use ofair transportation is established at theater level byjoint regulation. The Joint Military Transporta-tion Board establishes priorities and periodically al-locates available airlift to major theater commandswhich in turn program airlift to subordinate techni-cal services and other units.

Section VI. PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION

48. Pipelines

Pipelines provide the most economical means ofland transport for the movement of bulk liquid prod-ucts, providing a continuous flow of cargo at a min-imum expenditure of manpower. They are rela-tively unaffected by weather conditions. Pipelinesare readily installed, since a minimum of terrainalteration is required even under the most ruggedterrain conditions. Easily camouflaged or placedunderground, they are the least vulnerable to airattack of any mode of transportation. They are,however, extremely vulnerable to sabotage, whichin areas of aggressive guerilla activity will requirethat the lines be frequently patrolled or otherwiseclosely guarded.

49. Petroleum Supply System

a. The petroleum supply system functions throughthe coordinated efforts of the quartermaster, engi-neer, signal, and transportation officers.

TAGO 2308C 360492 -55---5 65

5. The Quartermaster Corps prepares broad plansfo:r the supply and distribution of bulk petroleumproducts; operates bulk petroleum dispensing f acili-ties and dispensing equipment; and operates off-vessel discharging and loading hoses, including dockmanifolds if an integral part of a quartermaster dis-pensing installation. In arranging for movementof bulk petroleum products via pipeline, the Quar-termaster Corps also determines what petroleumproducts are to be transported through pipelines andthe destination to which the products will be pumped.The quartermaster officer will state the mole oftransportation to be used in the movement ol bulkpetroleum.

a. The Corps of Engineers constructs, maintains,and operates the pipeline systems, including opera-tion of off-vessel submarine pipelines, submarinehoses, and dock manifolds not; an integral part ofa quartermaster installation.

d. The Signal Corps provides the necessary com-munication support required for the operation ofth3e Fetroleum supply system.

e. The Transportation Corps arranges for move-ment, except by pipeline and local distribution, ofbulk and packaged petroleum products, including thescheduling of shipments where necessary with theNavy (Military Sea Transportation Service), the AirForce (Military Air Transport Service), and com-mercial agencies; and provides railroad, highway,and inland waterway operating services to imple-ment the approved plans for the supply and distribu-tion of petroleum products,, Governed by thepriorities established by the commander and the re-

66 TAGO 28080

quirements of the quartermaster, the TransportationCorps coordinates and integrates the movement oftank car bulk shipments and packaged shipments ofpetroleum products with the overall movement re-quirements and capabilities.

TAGO 23080 67

CHAPTER 5

TERMINALS AND INSTALLATIONS

50. Water TerminalsWater terminals are a means of entry to a:n over-

sea theater of operations for the bulk of materieland personnel required in the conduct of a militarycampaign. Desirable facilities include anchorages,wharves, hardstands, beaches, airfields s:torageareas, communications, and the railway or highwayfacilities required for port clearance. The equip-ment and personnel required to operate water ter-minals after the assault phases of amphibiousoperations are contained in the TOE for Transpor-tation Corps units described in paragraph 52. Thepotentialities of mass destruction weapons employedagainst concentrated installations may dictate thatoperations be dispersed. Dispersal must be sufficientto minimize the disruptive effects of attacks whichwill be directed at such sensitive activities. As aresult of the requirement for disperal, operationswill often be conducted over beaches with limitedfacilities. Inherent difficulties may be lessened bythe unitization of cargo through the employraent ofcargo tranporters, palletization, and by special han-dling equipment such as rough terrain fork lifts,floating cranes, floating piers, amphibious trucks,landing craft, barges, treadway bridges, aerialtramways, and helicopters.

6;3 TAGO 2308C

a. The cargo transporter, a reusable, steel shippingcontainer, was developed and placed in use as partof a plan to reduce handling time. It is designed tofacilitate documentation and in-transit security ofcargo and is constructed to permit handling by forklift and overhead hoist. The flow of these trans-porters into, through, and out of an oversea theatermust be regulated and controlled to insure uniform-ity and to minimize loss and/or delay in transit.

b. Utilization of such craft as the landing ship,tank, (LST); landing craft, utility, (LCU); andthe barge, amphibious, resupply, cargo, (BARC)for the transporting of loaded vehicles also mini-mizes difficulties encountered in beach operations.Discharging time and effort and congestion on thebeach are reduced.

51. Terminal Through-Put Capacity

a. Terminal through-put capacity is that tonnagecapability which the terminal can receive, discharge,and clear during a specified period of time. It isusually expressed in short tons per day. It is de-termined in all cases by consideration of the follow-ing major factors, any one of which may be thelimiting factor:

(1) The ability to move ships into the harboror coastal area of the terminal, that is,terminal reception capacity.

(2) The ability to accommodate ships in theharbor and to discharge them, that is, ter-minal discharge capacity.

(3) The ability to accomplish clearance, that is,terminal clearance capacity.

TAGO 2308C 69

b. Each of the factors given in a above is estimatedand computed separately. In the final comparison,the factor representing the lowest tonnage figu:re willbe the limiting factor which determines the through-put capacity. Even though the limiting factor maybe obvious, all three factors should be estimated ac-curately. At a later date these estimates may be usedto indicate the facilities where improvement willyield the greatest return in terms of tonnage move-ment capability.

c. The terminal's through-put capacity is an influ-encing factor in the determination of ship's destina-tions. Ship's destination meetings are called by theCommunications Zone G- upon receipt of advancecopies of ship's papers (supply manifest, hatch lists,ar.d stowage plans). The purpose of this meeting isto determine the terminal having the best locationwith reference to receiving depots and capabilityfor the reception, discharge, and clearance o:f per-sonnal and supplies aboard the vessel. Attendanceat these meetings may include, but is not limited torepresentatives of G4, G1, G3, transportation officer,majcr agencies to which inbound personnel and sup-plies are destined, and terminal commands. Thetransportation officer of the communications zoneobtains from the technical services disposition in-structions for supplies arriving by ship and issuesthe necessary instructions to the terminal command-ers through command channels. These instructionsidentify supplies loaded on specific inbound ships,specify what depots are to receive these supplies, andindicate the mode of transportation to be used ifthe shipment is not local in nature. Supplies des-

70 TAGO 2308C

tined for local depots will be cleared, utilizing trans-portation assigned or attached to the terminal com-mand. Instructions are normally issued through themedium of cargo disposal instructions. The trans-portation officer of the section of the communicationszone in which the port and the depots are locatedmust exercise vigorous efforts to implement theseinstructions to prevent congestion and subsequentloss of the terminal's through-put capacity.

52. Terminal Units

Based on the initial and anticipated tonnages tobe handled in a given period, terminal commands areassigned to supervise the operation of port installa-tions and beaches. The senior unit of a military over-sea water terminal installation is usually the head-quarters and headquarters company of a terminalcommand. This unit is normally assigned to a basesection, however, ship's destination authority func-tions should remain in communications zone head-quarters. Terminal command may relieve theamphibious support brigade in the early phases of anamphibious assault (D+5 to D+30). Normallycertain units of the terminal command are attachedto the amphibious support brigade for the assaultphase. These elements will revert to the control ofthe terminal command when it becomes operationalin the objective phase. The terminal command mayor may not be operational in the assault mountingarea. In either case movement to and into the objec-tive area and assumption of control of terminal serv-ice units will be in accordance with the operationsand base development plans. It will furnish heavy

TAGO 2308C 71

logistical support and will be assigned to the landingforce headquarters. Terminal service units and unitso-f other technical and administrative services are as-signed or attached as required to man and operate theinstallation. Reserve lighterage capability must beavailable to the terminal command :in order to rein-forc3 or augment subinstallations during peak orcritical phases of operations. The number and typesof service units attached to a terminal command de-pend on several factors, such as the magnitude andtype of operations to be performed, planned devel-opment of discharge and/or loading capacity, limi-tations created by the requirements for dispersal,security, weather, terrain, and facilities. If opera-tions are widely dispersed terminal commanc.s willnormally be required to provide operating suppliesand special equipment to all subinstallations. Usu-ally this can be most efficiently accomplished by watertransportation. Resupply and. support activi;ies ofthis nature are the responsibility of the terminalcommand commander.

a. Terminal Comreands. Table I shows capabil-ities for terminal commands C, B, and A discussedin (1) through (3) below. These commands exer-cise supervision over operating units throughterminal battalions.

(1) Terminal command (7. From 7 to ",4 ter-minal service companies are assigned toterminal battalions subordinate to the head-quarters and headquarters company, termi-nal command C, in the operation of a waterterminal. This command, depending uponthe number of supporting units, has a

72 TAGO 2308C

capacity of from 135,000 to 520,000 shorttons per month and embarks or debarks50,000 to 150,000 peronnel per month. Thisshould not operate with less than 12 ter-minal service companies unless expansionis planned to meet increased target tonnagesat a future date.

(2) Terminal command B. From 5 to 12 ter-minal service companies are assigned toterminal battalions subordinate to the head-quarters and headquarters company, ter-minal command B, in the operation of awater terminal. This command, dependingupon the number of supporting units, has acapacity of from 75,000 to 260,000 short tonsper month and embarks or debarks from25,000 to 75,000 personnel per month.

(3) Terminal command A. Up to six terminalservice companies are assigned to terminalbattalions subordinate to the headquartersand headquarters company, terminal com-mand A, in the operation of a water ter-minal. This command has a maximumcapacity of 130,000 short tons per monthand embarks or debarks up to 37,500 per-sonnel per month.

(4) Subinstallations. The terminal subinstal-lation is established by and operated underthe jurisdiction of a terminal command.Headquarters personnel and transportationunits making up the installation are fur-nished by the terminal command which hasjurisdiction over the operations.

TAGO 2308C 73

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b. Units.(1) Terminal battalion. The mission of the

headquarters and headquarters detachment,transportation terminal battalion, is to pro-vide command and administrative supervi-sion of assigned or attached terminal servicecompanies, heavy boat companies, amphib-ious truck companies, and aerial tramwaycompanies. When required, this headquar-ters acts as a command agency for harborcraft detachments, truck companies, andother technical service units in addition tothe units listed. A maximum of four com-panies or company-sized detachments maybe supervised by the terminal battalion.When augmented with the appropriate sup-porting units, this organization is capable ofsupervising the operation of a water termi-nal of two-ship capacity. Terminal battal-ions activated for beach operations also havesufficient capability to discharge two shipsand load the initial land mode of transport.This operational capability includes thelighterage for moving cargo from ships inthe stream to the shore.

(2) Terminal service company. At an estab-lished port or in a beach operation, theterminal service company is capable of dis-charging 720 short tons of general cargoor loading and stowing 500 short tonsaboard a vessel per day. In addition to theabove, this company can load or dischargethe same amount of cargo on to or from

TAGO 2308C ?75

a mode of transport on a pier or at thewaterline; sort cargo by technical service,class and destination; prepare transporta-tion documents for rail., highway, and bargeshipments; and account for the cargo han-dled. The terminal service company canoperate a water terminal of one-ship capac-ity when augmented, by landing craft,harbor craft, or amphibious vehicle detach-ments; or trucks.

,3) Terminal service teams. Terminal serviceteams, when required for the augmentationof terminal battalions and terminal servicecompanies for a particular task, are organ-ized in accordance with the provisions ofTOE 55-500R. These teams consist of amaintenance section, crane operating sec-tions, materials handling teams, porl; con-tract supervision teams, stevedore gear andequipment sections, cargo documentationsections, amphibious truck squads. andcargo handling sections.

(4) Amphibious barge platoon (propo.sed).The Transportation Corps has devElopedthe BARC, a craft which has a capacityof 60 tons under normal conditions and100 tons under emergency conditions. Itsuse eliminates the necessity for waterlinetransfer of cargo from one transporter toanother, thereby reducing congestio: andsaving time and manpower in vital beachareas. The amphibious barge platoon,equipped with 4 BARC's, provides amphib-

76 'TAGO 2308C

ious lighterage service for heavy and bulkyitems of equipment in logistical support andamphibious operations. The unit is capa-ble of transporting 720 tons of equipmentper day.

(5) Amphibious truck company. The amphib-ious truck company is organized andequipped to provide for the movement ofcargo and personnel from ship to shoresideinstallations and from shore to shore.Amphibious trucks are utilized in water ter-minal operations, particularly in the earlystages of port development, and in loadingor unloading operations conducted acrossbeaches. During the conduct of amphib-ious landings on hostile shores, amphibioustruck units may be attached to elements ofthe amphibious support brigade.

(6) Harbor craft and crews. Harbor craft ofvarious descriptions are essential to the ac-tivities of port installations. Army per-sonnel to man this type of craft are organ-ized in accordance with the provisions of theTOE 55-500R series and/or the heavy boatcompany. Normal organization is by for-mation of composite units including appro-priate administrative cells, in which casethey may be self-sufficient with the excep-tion of medical service. Teams from cellu-lar units may operate separately, but whenso operating they are dependent upon theheadquarters to which assigned or attachedfor administration, transportation, and

TAGO 2308C 77

medical service. When theater policy per-mits, local civilian labor may be utilized ascrews on Army-controlled craft in the op-eration of a water terminal.

(7) Marine maintenance and repair teams.Field maintenance of harbor craft is lner-formed by personnel organized as Trans-portation Corps cellular units and normallyincluded in harbor craft composite units.Maintenance of craft and marine equipmentof the amphibious support brigade is pro-vided for under provisions of the appro-priate TOE.

c. Additional Facilities. In addition to the physi-cal facilities and units described above as desirablecomponents of water ports, the fluctuations peculiarto port clearance operations require the establish-merit of certain facilities adjacent to and as integralparts of the port installation. These include stagingareas for personnel and in-transit storage areas forcargo.

53. Staging Areas

Staging areas are established to accommodate troopunits during or between moves over lines of com-munications. They are contiguous to water and airterminals, transfer points, and locations on railroadsand highways where troop units being moved by theTransportation Service may be quartered and messeden :route. Depending on the magnitude of the task,facilities may vary from bivouac areas offering onlyessentials, such as messing facilities and groundspace for camping, to establishments with provisions

78 TAGO 2308C

for medical service, parking area, training, andrecreation.

a. The staging area complement when employedin conjunction with a water terminal is the respon-sibility of the terminal commander and includes aheadquarters unit, organized in accordance with theprovisions of TOE 55-500R, and the required num-ber of staging area companies.

b. The staging area company is organized to pro-vide messing facilities for transient personnel and iscapable of serving a maximum of 4,000 individualsper meal.

54. In-Transit Storage Areas

In-transit storage areas are established to providefor the temporary storage of cargo en route. Theyshould be kept to the minimum number consistentwith operations in order to reduce the additionalhandling of supplies. Subject to the requirementsfor dispersion, they are usually located adjacent toports and may also be located at transfer points orother transportation terminals. Facilities vary fromopen storage areas to complex establishments ofwarehouses with elaborate highway and rail nets.Transport equipment should not be used for mobilestorage purposes. In-transit storage areas enablethe Transportation Service to release transportequipment when delays to cargo en route occur, oc-casioned by changes in requirements and missions,or when another carrier agency or receiver is unableto accommodate the cargo. A terminal service com-pany may be used to man in-transit storage areassince this company's personnel and equipment can be

TAGO 2308C 79

adapted to this mission. Composite units organizedunder the appropriate sections of TOE 55-500R,augmented with Quartermaster or local civilianlabor, may be used when terminal service companiesare not available.

55. Tl'ans'Ter Points

Transfer points are transportation facilities estab-lished when required to effect the transfer of c(argoor personnel from one unit of transport or molie toanother. The establishment of a transfer point ona line of communications may be required because ofa variance in gage of the railroads, major disruptionsto through routes, or reduction of capacity at a pointon the route of one mode of transport making reces-sary the transfer of the excess load to another meansof transportation. Transfer points will be the re-sponsibility of terminal service units or compositeorganizations organized from TOE 55-500R whenterminal service companies are not available.

56. Transportation Depots

The Transportation Corps determines recuire-ments for, procures, stores, and distributes trans-po:rtation equipment and supplies. To perform thestcrage and issue function in the field, at depot level,the Transportation Corps employs depot companiesfor storage and distribution of all TransportationCorps supplies and equipment except Army aviation.These are handled by the heavy maintenance andsupp y company.

a. Depot Company. 'This company is employedas a branch depot or as the transportation supply

s0 TAGO 2308C

section of a general depot. It is capable of handlingapproximately 7,000 tons per month when aug-mented by approximately 200 laborers from localcivilian sources, quartermaster service units, or pris-oners of war.

b. TOE 55-500R provides specialized teams foraugmentation of all Transportation Corps units.These teams should be used to adjust the capabilityof units to the requirement as dictated by the situa-tion or to organize units to meet emergencies forwhich other TOE units are not available. In allcases where TOE 55-500R teams are used the ratioof personnel and equipment should conform withthat established in the basic TOE of the units. Thisapplies particularly to mechanic and necessary main-tenance equipment.

TAGO 2308C 360492'--5-6 81

CHAPTER 6

ESTIMATES, PLANS, AND STANDINGOPERATING PROCEDURES

Section I. ESTIMATES57. General

Transportation staff officers must be prepared topresent a current estimate of the situation at frequentintervals. The estimate should be as thorough asthe time available will permit. It may vary :roma sho:rt verbal presentation to a written documentrequiring hours of preparation and the collaborationof various staff sections. Logistical estimates arebased on ascertainable facts, with assumptions madeconcerning those factors which cannot be definitelyestablished.

58. Form for the Estimate

The estimate is a logical and orderly examina,tionof all of the factors affecting the accomplishment ofthe mission to determine the most suitable course ofaction. The basic form is arranged to insure theinvestigation of all pertinent factors in order to ar-rive at a course of action which will accomplish themission. For further details on estimates of thesituation see FM 101:-5.

82 TAGO :2308C

Section II. PLANS59. General

The effectiveness of a military operation is depend-ent upon planning. This involves the coordinationof many individuals engaged in planning variousphases of supporting activities. To be effective,planning must be systematic. It should be a clearand easily understood routine operation accom-plished by prescribed format and procedure. Thisinvolves establishing procedures for planning by var-ious agencies at successive echelons and prescribingmeasures necessary to insure coordination of actionin the planning process.

60. Procedure for the Development of a Transporta-tion Plan

The preparation of overall transportation plans,particularly as pertains to the initial computation oftransportation requirements and assignments oftransportation planning projects, is the responsibil-ity of the staff transportation officer. The basicprinciple of transportation planning is that avail-ability and capabilities should be commensurate withrequirements. The development of the transporta-tion portion of a logistics annex should encompassthe following procedure if and when applicable:

a. Begin development of a plan upon receipt ofthe overall basic planning directive from G4 or thechief of staff, which normally includes a completestatement of the objective of the plan and the phas-ing of all tasks composing it. The G2 estimate ofenemy capabilities and the G3 scheme of maneuverhave an important bearing on the transportation

TAGO 2308C 83

plar. The general staff guidance must include theoverall situation, missions, troop basis, logistics plansand policies, tonnage factors, and command struc-tures. Assumptions and working estimates essen-tial to development of the plan must be made by thoseagencies having responsibility for the specific areasinvolved.

b. Brief planning members of the transportationstaff oil basic plan with information as to area andconcept of operations.

c. Have transportation intelligence officer irmme-diately obtain the required technical intelligence per-tine:t to the plan and make distribution to thetransportation planners. Where technical intelli-gence is inadequate, make necessary assumptionsuntil information has been obtained.

d. Study and determine characteristics and capa-bilities of appropriate media of transportation inarea concerned.

e. Obtain from G4 the requirements of the forcesinvolved to include initial tonnage and maintenancetonnage for Army, Navy, and Air Force dependingupon the joint logistical supply policy.

f. Hold conferences with representatives from theappropriate staff sections, units, and agencies, espe-cially engineer, quartermaster, and ordnance officers,to reach agreement concerning location of supplyinstallations, transportation arteries, and routes forpipelines.

g. Study outline transportation plan, making notesof items which must; be coordinated. Hold cocrdi-nation meetings with interested agencies.

h. Prepare a detailed coordinated plan.

84 TAGO :3o08C

i. Determine Transportation Corps troop unitrequirements.

j. Determine Transportation Corps supply re-quirements.

k. Obtain service unit requirements applicable toplan of other technical services.

1. Obtain service estimates (construction, main-tenance, etc.) from other technical services.

m. Prepare description and justification of eachassignment of tasks in sufficient detail to permit adecision as to approval or disapproval.

n. Consolidate requirements into an overall trans-portation requirements summary.

o. Submit the transportation plan to G4. (In thecombat zone in a rapidly changing situation most ofthe above steps may be accomplished during con-ferences.)

61. Specific Considerations

Specific considerations in planning are as follows:a. Intelligence. It is essential that all United

States and allied sources of transportation intelli-gence concerning the area under consideration befully exploited. The sources include engineer sur-veys, National Intelligence Surveys (NIS), nativesources, rail tables, highway maps, city plans, me-teorological and hydrographic data, and sailing di-rections, in addition to information gathered throughreconnaissance by transportation intelligence per-sonnel.

b. Coordination. Concurrent planning for the op-eration must be conducted in order that all concernedwill be informed of items of common interest con-

TAGO 2308( 85

tained in each other's plans. This will assure thenecessary coordination.

c. Comp'uting Logistical Data. Some items of in-formation that should be considered concerning thevarious transportation modes that are the responsi-bility of the Transportation Corps include the fol-lowing:

(1) Water terminals (ports and beaches). In-formation relative to water terminals sh.ouldinclude current capabilities, degree of antici-pated damage to be repaired, and increasedcapacity required shown by phase dates.Consideration must also be given to per-sonnel requirements for operation of a waterterminal as well as availability of local civil-ian labor. Items such as berths available,hydrographic data, suitable anchorageareas, cargo handling equipment, and harborcraft are necessary elements of pertinent in-formation. In conjunction with the assem-bling of this data collaboration with thequartermaster and engineers is necessary re-garding all water terminal constructionwork, and the installation and operation ofpipelines. Plans for security, especiallyantiaircraft artillery defense, must be co-ordinated with all headquarters concerned.

(2.) Rail. Data concerning the operation ofrailroads should include such items as railfacilities in water terminal areas; yardcapacities; bridge and tunnel limitations;location of fuel and water facilities; spursto be repaired and constructed; require-

86 TAGO 'SO8C

ments for general repair to main lines,bridges, signal communications, or newconstruction of above items. Planning forutilization of railroads should include anestimate of the tonnage capacities which canbe achieved, the railroad equipment re-quired to move the tonnage, the rail unitsrequired to operate and maintain the equip-ment and railroad, and the operating sup-plies necessary to support the operation.

(3) Highway. The considerations affecting theemployment of highway transport shouldencompass such items as amount of repairsto the main supply road, new access roadsrequired, bridge and tunnel limitations,alternate routes designated and city trafficplans, egress from terminals and cities,location of regulation points, signal com-munications to be repaired or constructed,selection of truck refueling points and ter-minals, truck bivouac sites, and the neces-sary arrangements with the engineers forpreparation of road signs.

(4) Pipelines. Although operation of pipe-lines is not a responsibility of the Trans-portation Corps, certain information isessential to the transportation officer forplanning. Such information will generallyinclude phase dates of operation, locationand size of lines, location and capacity ofwater terminals, planned tonnages to bemoved, and type of petroleum productsbeing moved (par. 49).

TAGO 2308C 87

( ) Air. The following planning factorsshould be established:

(a) Air Force cargo aircraft capabilities.(b) Quantity of cargo to be moved by air.(c) Cargo aircraft requirements.(d) Army organic aircraft transportation re-

quirements and capabilities within thecombat zone.

(e) Terrain including air fields, airstrips,hardstand, potential airstrips, and Lheli-copter landing sites. The factor of rrain-tenance sites should also be considered toprovide proper and adequate ma nte-nance support.

(f) Effect on accomplishment of transporta-tion mission through study and compila-tion of meteorological data, particularlyhelicopter support missions. The cargocarrying capabilities of the helicopter aregreatly affected by variations of density,altitude, and weather.

(g) Field maintenance and supply supportrequired.

(h) Capabilities of enemy air as they willaffect air transportation.

62. Logistics Annex

The transportation portion of a logistics annexwill be found in appendix II.

88 TAGO o308C

Section III. STANDING OPERATING PROCEDURES

63. General

Standing operating procedures for transportationstaff sections, units, or installations consist of pub-lished instructions giving methods to be followedfor the performance of those features of administra-tive and operational activities which the commanderdesires to make routine. They establish the regularprocedure to be followed in the absence of instruc-tion to the contrary.

64. Scope

It is impossible to prescribe standing operatingprocedure for all units or for all operations. Eachtransportation staff section, unit, or installation de-velops appropriate and effective procedures adaptedto its particular situation and conforming to thoseprocedures established by the next higher unit.Standing operating procedure is changed as neces-sary; material is deleted or added to meet changedconditions or to effect modification in existing prac-tices. Instructions concerning only a limited num-ber of elements of a command are issued in the formof separate memoranda or as annexes with appro-priate reference in the standing operating procedure.

65. Form

A standing operating procedure is published inthe form most effective for the issuing agency-as asingle pamphlet or in some c a s es as separatepamphlets pertaining to seeparate operations or ad-ministrative functions.

TAGO 2308C 89

66. Purpose

The purposes of a transportation standing operat-ing procedure are-

a. To simplify the preparation and transmis:sionof orders.

b. To reduce the number and length of orders.e. To simplify and perfect training of troops.d. To promote understanding and teamwork.e. In general, to facilitate and expedite operations,

both tactical and administrative, and to minimizeconfusion and errors. For further information seeFM 101-5.

90 TAGO :2308C

CHAPTER 7

BASE DEVELOPMENT

67. GeneralBase development is the improvement and expan-

sion of the resources of an area to support currentand future military operations. Base developmentstarts with extensive theater planning and progressesunder the control of lower echelons; then the planor parts of the plan return to theater for assemblyand issuance as a theater base development plan. Itembraces advanced studies, site reconnaissance, andharbor and area clearance, followed by both the con-struction and operation of bases. Base developmentin oversea operations affects all participating servicesand involves all phases of a campaign.

68. ResponsibilityThe theater commander is responsible for all base

development planning. He is also responsible fordelineating clearly the authority and responsibilitiesof the base, island, or area commander, and of thecommanders of other forces and units within suchareas.

69. PurposeThe purpose of base development planning is to

achieve a broad development of theater resources inaccordance with the theater strategic mission and

TAGO 2308C 91

operational plans and to establish base facilities inobjective areas to support combat or other operations.

70. Basic Planning Factors

During the preparation of the transportation por-tion of the base development plan the following basicplanning factors should be carefully considered.

a. Site Requirements. The selection of suitablesites presents the problem of finding areas where hy-drographic and topographic characteristics are suchthat facilities will be located to accomplish operatingrequirements. It is essential that the transporta-tion planner participate in the selection of the loca-tion of all installations to which the army must pro-vide transportation service as well as transportationfacilities.

b. Degree of Permanency. Plans should provideonly for the minimum facilities necessary for fulfill-ment of the mission, taking into consideration saf:ety,health, morale of the using forces, and protectionagainst the elements.

c. Areas Available for Development. The possi-bilit;y of the need for future expansion should be con-sidered in studying available areas and in selectingsites.

d, Priority of Development. Priority of develop-mert is established by balancing requirements againstcapabilities while considering the support missionof the area, installation, or facility. Transportationfacilities to serve the area or installation must bedeveloped concurrently.

e. Requirements--Personnel, Tonnage, Equip-mest. Transportation planners must bear in raind

92 TAGO '2308C

the requirements in terms of personnel, tonnage, andequipment necessary to supply combat forces and toservice the base. The transportation planner mustcontinually weigh capabilities against requirements.In planning transportation, strict control must beexercised in the employment of both personnel andequipment.

f. Local Civilian Resources. Consideration mustbe given to the provision for the maximum utiliza-tion of local civilian labor and facilities.

TAGO 2308C 93

APPENDIX I

REFERENCES

FM 30-5 Combat Intelligence.FM :30-16 Technical Intelligence.FM 100-10 Administration.FM 100-15 Larger Units.FM :101-5 Staff Organization and Procedure.AR 55-650 Railroads.SR 915-100-5 Memorandum of Understanding Relating to

Army Organic Aviation.

94 TAGO 2308C

APPENDIX II

EXAMPLE, TRANSPORTATION APPENDIX TOA LOGISTICS ANNEX

a. Maps and Charts(Identify primary references)

1. Generala. Purpose

(State purpose of plan and refer to authority)b. Relationship to other plans

(List and identify related plans. Explain each brieflyif appropriate)

c. Assumptions(List basic assumptions relating to plan. Additionalassumptions and factors may be listed in Annex)

2. Mission(Brief statement of mission)

3. Policies and Proceduresa. Policies

(State related policies)b. Procedures

(Identify SOP's and related guides)4. Intelligence and Security

a. Intelligence(1) Characteristics of the area of operations

(Brief statement of terrain, weather and unusualcharacteristics of area including languages)

(2) Enemy forces(Identify primary enemy forces and alignment,identify local enemy forces)

(3) Friendly forces(Identify local adjacent or supporting allied forces)

TAGO 2308C 95

4. Inte'ligence and Security--Continueda Intelligence-Continued

(4) Intelligence missions(State the EEI as provided by higher Hq andEEI developed within the Command)

(5) Maps, charts, photos, etc.(Identify all references. Include approp riateitems in Annex C)

(6) Counterintelligence(State coordinating efforts required)

(7) Technical intelligence(Provide guidance for operation and support byall TC units)

(8) Reports(Periodic, routine, special; channels of reporting)

b. Security(1) Individual

(Requirements for clearances of military andcivilian personnel. Other related matters)

(2) Facilities(Restricted areas, protective plans, guards, etc.)

(3) LOC(Coordination requirements, escorts, attachmentof tactical forces, bridge and tunnel guards)

(4) Shipments(Guards, escorts, marking)

(5) Censorship(Reference regulations and orders; procedure)

(6) Reports(Periodic, routine, special; channels of reporting)

5. Operationsa. Army Aviation

(General Statement. Details of unit tasks, projectedloads, schedules, etc. may appear in Annexes)

b. Railways(General Statement. Details of unit tasks, projectedloads, schedules, etc. may appear in Annexes)

c. Highways(General Statement. Details of unit tasks, projectedloads, schedules, etc. may appear in Annexes)

96 TAGO 2308C

5. Operations-Continued

d. Ports and beaches(General Statement. Details of unit tasks, projectedloads, schedules, etc. may appear in Annexes)

e. Inland waterway(General Statement. Details of unit tasks, projectedloads, schedules, etc. may appear in Annexes)

f. Movement control(General Statement. Details of unit tasks, projectedloads, schedules, etc. may appear in Annexes)

g. Staging areas(General Statement. Details of unit tasks, projectedloads, schedules, etc. may appear in Annexes).

h. TC Depots(General Statement. Details of unit tasks, projectedloads, schedules, etc. may appear in Annexes)

6. Troops and Labora. General

(Statement of general guidance on use of troops andlabor)

b. Troop units(List troop units and strengths in Annex)

c. U. S. Civilian personnel(Indicate planned use. List authorization in Annex)

d. Native labor(Indicate planned use and availability, coordinationrequired, feeding, housing, etc.)

e. POW labor(Indicate planned use and requests for POW labor)

7. Facilities and LOC'sa. Airports and heliports

(Indicate locations, capacities, terms of joint use, etc.,in Annex)

b. Railways(In Annex, indicate locations, capacities, terms of jointuse, etc., of railways and special communication sys-tems)

c. Highways(In annex, indicate locations, capacities, terms of jointuse etc., of highways, vehicular hardstands and specialcommunication systems)

TAGO 2308C 360492°'55---7 97

7. PFacilities and LOC's-Continued

d. Ports and beaches(Indicate locations, capacities heavy lift capabilities.terms of joint use etc. in Annex. Include statement asto the land transportation net within port or beacharea)

e. Inland waterways(Indicate locations, capacities, terms of joint use etc. inAnnex)

f. Staging areas(Indicate locations, capacities, terms of joint use etc. inAnnex)

g. TC Depots(Ind;cate locations, capacities, terms of joint use etc. inAnnex)

8. Supplya. Level of Supplyb. Replacement factors' consumption ratesc. Requisition

(1) Procedure and cycle(2) Emergency

d. Local procuremente. Controlled itemsf. Surplus materialg. Captured materialh. Salvage and scrapi. Inter-Service supplyj. Class IV equipment

9. Mfaintenancea. Aircraft and Helicopters

(Statement of responsibilities, locations of maintenanceshops etc.)

b. Marine(Statement of responsibilities, locations of maintenanceshops etc.)

c. Rail(Statement of responsibilities, locations of maintenanceshops etc.)

d. Highway(Statement of responsibilities, locations of maintenanceshops etc.)

98 TAGO) 2308C

9. Maintenance-Continuede. Terminal

(Statement of responsibilities, locations of maintenanceshops etc.)

f. Containers, CONEX(Statement of responsibilities, locations of maintenanceshops etc.)

10. Commanda. Command Posts

(Indicate locations of major commands relating to thisplan)

b. Field Transportation offices(List key area and field transportation offices)(1) Area of responsibility

(Give brief statement on areas of responsibility)Annexes (With appendices and tabs to include overlays,

loads, graphs, and all essential details not in-cluded in body of plan)

a. Task organization and assignment of forces(Indicate troop list, organizational and functionalcharts)

b. Concept of operations(Brief resum6 required here to provide data forplanning-i. e.: duration of operations, displacement,etc.)

c. Intelligence(See par. 4. Include time and tide tables and otherrelated material)

d. Command Relations(Provide statement or organizational chart indicatingU. S. and allied command relationship)

e. Cover and Deceptionf. Assumptions

(See par. Ic)g. Army Aviation

(See pars. 5 and 7)h. Army Aviation

(See pars. 5 and 7)i. Highway

(See pars. 5 and 7)

TAGO 2308C 99

10. Command-Continuedj. Ports and Beaches

(See pars. 5 and 7)k. Movement Control

(See par. 5)1. Staging areas

(See pars. 5 and 7)m. Depots

(See pars. 5 and 7)n. U. S. Civilian Personnel

(See par. 6c)o. Phased workloads

(See par. 5. Indicate projected port and beach,inland cargo and personnel workloads)

p. Movement Planq. Documentation and Marking

(References and policies)r. Search and Rescues. Communications

(SOI)t. Public Relations

(Policy, format, etc.)u. GA/MG

(Coordination, relationship)v. Defensive Measures

(Defense plan, coordination necessary, warnings andalerts, defense against mines, etc.)

w. CBR(Indicate essential defensive measures)

x. Emergency Plans(List emergency plans such as evacuation plans)

y. POL Plan(Provide essential details or references)

z. Reefer Plan(Cover essential details)

aa. Contract Negotiations(Policy, regulations, references, essential details)

It( TAGO .2308C

APPENDIX III

OUTLINE FOR PREPARING A STANDARD OPER-ATING PROCEDURE FOR TRANSPORTATIONOFFICER OF MAJOR OVERSEA COMMANDS

Section I

GENERALI. PURPOSE

Outline the purpose of the SOP.II. SCOPE

State the application and coverage of the SOP.III. UNIT PROCEDURES

·Direct the action required by subordinate units inpreparation of unit SOP to include definite statementthat SOP procedures of subordinate units will be basedon and.conform to the SOP procedure of the issuingcommand.

IV. RESCISSIONSList any publications superseded .or rescinded by theSOP,. including fragmentary SOP's, orders, memoran-dums, bulletins, or other directives.

V. REFERENCESRefer to publications which should be used in con-junction with the SOP.

VI. DEFINITIONSDefine, as required, all terms or phrases used in theSOP to insure mutual understanding and interpretationby all recipients.

VII. TRANSPORTATION. ORGANIZATION (unlessotherwise published)

Ty b i23O8C 10oi

MISSIONS, ORGANIZATIONS, FUNCTIONS

A. Office of the transportation officer.1. Transportation officer2. Deputy transportation officer (or executive of-

ficer).3. Staff sections4. Liaison officers (United: States Air Force, Mili-

tary Sea Transportation Service, Army, allied,and others).

B. Field installations.1. Water terminals.2. Transportation Corps supply depots.3. Transfer points and other special transportation

activities.4. Field transportation offices and other transporta-

tion organizations.VI[I. ADMINISTRATION

A. General.Application and implementation of command poli-cies and directives.

B. Correspondence.1. Types of correspondence, with instructions for

preparing, forwarding, and handling; papereconomy measures.

2. Classified documents.Types of classification and authority to classify;handling, delivery, and receipting methods andprocedures; security measures and responsibili-ties.

C. Personnel.1. General.

Application and implementation of commandpolicies and directives.

2. Local civilian labor.Implementation of command policies and .dmin-istrative procedures for procurement, utilization,and pay; application of provisions of GenevaConvention.

102 TAGO 2808C

VIII. ADMINI STRATION-ContinuedC. Personnel-Continued

3. Prisoners of war.Implementation of command policies and admin-istrative procedures for procurement as labor;utilization, treatment, handling, and security;application of provisions of Geneva Convention.

4. Replacements.Responsibilities and procedures for requisitioningTransportation Corps replacements; imple-mentation or elaboration of command policiesand directives.

D. Reports.Types and quantity of administrative reports to besubmitted; method and frequency of submissions(samples to be appended); application of reportscontrol procedures.

IX. INTELLIGENCEA. General.

Purpose and importance of transportation intelli-gence, transportation intelligence mission, types ofintelligence, application of command directives.

B. Collection of information and direction of collec-tion effort.Collection agencies, essential elements of informa-tion, sources, coordination, collection plan, methods.reporting and disposition of captured enemy ma-terial for intelligence purposes.

C. Processing information.Responsibilities and procedures for recording, eval-uating, and interpreting information (to includeflow charts if applicable).

D. Dissemination.Policies, methods, criteria, security classification,transmission, time considerations.

E. Usage.General application of intelligence to transporta-tion operations and planning; precautions againstenemy counterintelligence.

TAGO 23080 103

I15. INTELLIGENCE-ContinuedF. Counterintelligence.

Objectives, responsibilities, and application to thetransportation service.

G. Reconnaissance.Purpose and responsibility.

:X. PLANSA. Transportation requirements.

Responsibility for maintaining current li:sts oftransportation requirements for movement Df theunit or its elements by rail, truck, inland waterway,and air.

B. Transport availability.Responsibility for maintaining current lists ofavailable transportation--organic, assigned, orattached to the unit (including local civilian trans-portation).

C. Entrucking plans.Responsibility of subordinate units for maintainingcurrent entrucking plans; designation of vehiclesto transport personnel, supplies, and organizationalequipment.

D. Traffic circulation plans.Statement that traffic circulation plans will becoordinated with traffic circulation plan of thisheadquarters.

E. Special operations (examples: river crossings, pur-suit, retrograde movements).Statement that transportation aspects of subordi-nate troop plans for special operations will becoordinated with this headquarters.

F. Plans by reserve units.Statement that plans by units in reserve for forwardor lateral movement will be coordinated with thisheadquarters.

G. Pooling organizational transportation.Procedures for pooling organizational transporta-tion-availability reports, unit responsibilil;ies forfurnishing commissioned and noncommissionedofficers, maintenance of equipment, and adminis-trative support of personnel.

104 TAGOC 2308C

X. PLANS-ContinuedH. Civil aid.

Statement that services and subordinate units willsubmit plans in advance for movement of civiliansand civil aid supplies, but that plans will not beimplemented without prior approval.

I. Main supply routes and supply and service instal-lations.Responsibilities and procedures for maintaining up-to-date plans for recommending main supply routesand service installations.

XI. TRAININGA. Responsibilities and procedures for preparing and

supervising training programs of transportationunits.

B. Responsibilities and procedures for exercising tech-nical supervision over transportation trainingthroughout the command.

XII. DEFENSE AND DISPERSIONImplementation of command policies and directives;responsibilities of corps transportation units for areaof defense; defense against airborne, bacteriological,atomic, or chemical attack; defense against sabotage;measures against infiltration and guerilla warfare;reporting procedures of enemy activity. Action to betaken with respect to local civilian personnel employedat transportation activities.

XIII. AMPHIBIOUS OPERATIONSA. General.

This SOP standardizes normal procedures in thepreparation and execution of amphibious opera-tions. It will apply unless otherwise prescribed.1. Subordinate units issue SOP to conform.2. References.

B. Planning.Consideration must be given to the following:1. Requirements of the tactical plan and the

scheme of maneuver.2. Availability of landing craft and ships (by type,

size, cargo, and/or personnel capacity).

TAGO 2308C 105

XII:r. AMPHIBIOUS OPERATIONS--ContinuedB. Planning-Continued

3. Establishing and maintaining close liaison withthe Navy, the Air Force, and task forcecommanders.

4. Tables to be submitted by task force commandersindicating the landing force embarkation andtonnage and the breakdown of equipment andsupplies.

5. Arranging and coordinating through channelsfor training appropriate personnel in unit loadingand embarkation.

6. Movement to the embarkation areas and deliveryof equipment and supplies to include vwater-proofing, marking and palletizing.

7. Supervision within the embarkation area.8. Build-up period for supplies and ship turn-

around time.9. Alternate logistical procedures or an entire

alternate plan to support alternate tactical plansbeing considered.

C. Movement to the staging area.1. Warning orders.2. Method of movement-rail, highway, air, water.3. Control of movement.

D. Staging area.1. Reception.2. Spot delivery of equipment.3. Control points to control flow of equipment and

personnel to embarkation points or assemblyareas.

4. Assembly areas for temporary storage of equip-ment and supplies to be loaded on transports.

5. Transportation to haul supplies and equipmentfrom assembly areas to the ship.

6. Areas where final waterproofing can be completed.7. Facilities to prepare cargo not already pro essed

for loading.

106 TAGO 2308C

XIII. AMPHIBIOUS OPERATIONS-ContinuedE. Embarkation of troops.

1. Movement to embarkation point or assemblyareas.

2. Control of movement to vessel.3. Transportation to close-out area.

F. Movement to objective area.In accordance with naval directives.

G. Ship-to-shore movement.1. Debarkation of equipment, supplies, and service

troops at the proper time to support tacticaloperation.

2. Control and landing of emergency supplies.3. Evacuation of casualties by water.

H. Beach organization.1. Transportation Corps reconnaissance party.2. Consolidation of supplies and transportation for

subsequent logistical support of the landing force.3. Control.

a. Vehicular traffic.b. Transfer operations (build-up area).

4. Communication between beach organization andcontrol vessel and ship.

XIV. INSPECTIONSA. Reference to SOP of higher headquarters relative to

inspections.B. Purpose.C. Policy.D. Type of inspections to be conducted (vehicle

utilization, transportation training, quality ofmaintenance and maintenance support, efficiency ofoperations, records system).

E. Frequency of inspections.F. Procedures prior to making an inspection.G. Procedures upon completing an inspection.H. Reports to be rendered on findings from inspections,

to include a sample format, number of copies, anddistribution.

TAGO 2308C 107

XV. AIRBORNE OPERATIONSImplementation of command policies and direcives inestablishing responsibilities and procedures forTransportation Corps participation in airborneoperations as prescribed.

XVI. COMMUNICATIONSA. Communication net for coordination of trans-

portation.B. Method of ground-to-air contact for air d::ops to

provide for coordination with land transportation.C. Cross reference to communication net diagram.

Section I[

PERSONNEL AND SUPPLY MOVEMENTS

I. GENERALGeneral statement of responsibilities, policies, t.uthori-ties, procedures, and coordination required to accom-plish the various types of supply and personnel move-ments. Where appropriate, adequate coverage mustbe given to supply and personnel movements--

From water terminals to inland destinations or suchother destinations as directed.Within the communications zone.From communications zone to combat zone.From inland points to water terminals.Evacuation from combat zone to communicationszone.Retrograde movements.

A. Supply movements.1. Supply movement programs (as applicaLble).

Procedures and responsibilities for preparation,scope, contents, publication, and imnplementa-tion.

2. Water terminal clearance programs (as appli-cable).Procedures and responsibilities for preparation,scope, contents, publication, and implementa-tion.

1{)8 TAGO 2308C

I. GENERAL-ContinuedA. Supply movements--Continued

3. Nonprogramed movements.Procedures concerning requests for, authoriza-tion, and execution.

4. Priorities.Authority for establishment; procedures for ob-taining, applying, and enforcing.

5. Requests for movement.When required, responsibilities for initiating,format, methods of transmission and handling,actions required.

6. Pilferage.Responsibilities of the Transportation Corps,the provost marshal, and shipping services;precautions and methods of prevention; refer-ence to reports.

7. Documentation.Types, responsibilities, and methods of prep-aration and distribution; requirements andresponsibilities for redocumentation.

8. Military government supplies.Policies for shipment and authority for ship-ment; how different from the normal militarysupply movement.

9. Captured enemy material.Procedures for reporting locations and securingdisposition instructions; special movement in-structions.

10. Reports.Types and quantity of reports to be submitted;methods, procedures, and frequency of prepara-tion and submission. (Samples to be appendedsuch as installation capacity reports, daily in-stallation situation reports, reports of shipment,passing reports, reports of pilferage.)

B. Personnel movements.1. Movement instructions.

Preparation, publication, and implementationprocedures.

TAGO 2308C 109

I. GENERAL-ContinuedB. Personnel movements-Continued

2. Requests for movement.When required, format, methods of transmis-sion, handling and execution methods.

3. Movement authority.Types of command movement or travel orders,proper authentication, responsibilities for as-certaining authority fcr use of transportationservices.

4. Quartering and messing en route.Responsibilities and procedures for securing,furnishing, and operating.

5. Documentation.Types, responsibilities, and methods of prepara-tion, distribution, and usage; requirement;s andresponsibilities for redocumentation.

6. Travel accommodations.Implementation of conmmand policies concern-ing use of various types of accommodations andequipment for movement of specific types ofpassengers.

7. Patients.a. Responsibilities.

Transportation officers, military railwayservice, chief surgeon, commanding cfficersof shipping and receiving hospitals, andmedical regulating officers to include re-sponsibilities for operating, scheduling, sup-plying, staffing, and maintaining ambulancetrains.

b. Requests for movement.Procedures and methods as they diffe:r fromnormal troop movements, to include groupand individual movements to airports orseaports for evacuation.

c. Provisions of Geneva Convention.Application of; procedures and policies forcompliance therewith in the movement ofpatients.

110 TAGO 23080C

I. GENERAL-ContinuedB. Personnel movements-Continued

7. Patients-Continued

d. Services.Special considerations for the movement ofpatients, including provision of attendants.

8. Prisoners of war.a. Responsibilities.

Transportation officers, provost marshal,shipping and receiving installations.

b. Security.Responsibilities, methods, and proceduresfor obtaining and utilizing security person-nel and facilities.

c. Requests for movement.Procedures and methods as they differ fromnormal troop movements.

d. Provisions of Geneva Convention.Application of; procedures and policies forcompliance therewith in the movement ofprisoners of war.

9. Civilian, refugee, and displaced persons.Implementation of command policies concern-ing travel authority; procedures for requestingand performing movements of this category ofpersonnel.

10. Reports.Types and quantity of reports to be submitted;methods, procedures, and frequency of prepa-ration and submission (samples to be appendedsuch as reports of shipment, passing reports,station lists, unit directories).

II. RAIL MOVEMENTSA. General.

Policies and factors involved in selecting and ac-complishing movements via rail.

B. Supply movements.1. Releases.

When required, methods of obtaining, formats,dissemination, action required.

TAGO 2308C 111

II. RAIL MOVEMENTS-ContinuedB. Supply movements-Continued

2. Routing.Responsibilities and procedures for determina-tion, coordination, and accomplishment.

3. Diversions and reconsignments.Authority to effect diversions with considerationof the various command areas, procedures forinitiating requests, and execution.

4. Records and reports.Responsibilities and methods for the mainte-nance of specific records; appropriate referenceto reports to be submitted.

C. Personnel movements.Troops.1. Military authority index numbers (MAIN).

Purposes, composition, methods and proceduresfor assignment and usage; marking on anderadicating from trains.

2. Halts.Types of halts; policies, procedures, and re-sponsibilities in the establishment and conductof halts.

3. Travel warrants.Types, forms, authority, and responsibilities forissue, distribution, and usage.

4. Troop train commanders.Appointment, responsibilities and functions, re-lationship with transportation personnel; irlstruc-tions to be furnished.

5. Rations and water.Responsibilities and procedures for securing,furnishing en route, and disposition at destina-tion.

6. Discipline of troops.Responsibilities and command policies, police ofrail equipment, sanitation.

7. Diversions.Authority for ordering; responsibilities and pro-cedures for effecting; reference to reporting.

112 TAGO 2308C

II. RAIL MOVEMENTS-ContinuedC. Personnel movements-Continued

8. Records and reports.Responsibilities and methods for the mainte.nance of specific records and appropriate refer-ence to reports to be submitted.

III. HIGHWAY MOVEMENTSA. General.

Policies and factors involved in selecting movementsvia highway.1. Highway regulations.

Purpose, application or scope, responsibilities,methods and procedures for accomplishment.

2. Convoy clearance.Minimum vehicle requirements, convoy sym-bols, procedures and format for requesting andfurnishing, routing halts, convoy compositionrestriction, tracked or outsized vehicle restric-tions.

3. Highway regulation points.Purpose, establishment basis, responsibilitiesand procedures for operation, required records.

4. Traffic control.Responsibilities, relationship to highway regu-lation, coordination measures effected withprovost marshal.

5. Return loads.Policies, methods, and procedures for securingand reporting.

6. Convoy commanders.Appointment, responsibilities and functions,relationship with transportation personnel, in-structions to be furnished.

7. Halts.Types, policies, procedures, and responsibilitiesfor establishment and conduct of halts; areapolicing.

8. Security.Responsibilities and methods of conducting de-fensive measures.

TAGO 2308C 360492-55---g- 113

III. HIGHWAY MOVEMENTS-ContinuedA. General-Continued

9. Records and reports.Responsibilities and methods for maintenance ofrequired records; reference to reports to besubmitted.

B. Supply movements.1. Releases.

When required, methods of obtaining, for:nats,dissemination, actions required.

2. Diversions and reconsignments.Authority to effect diversions with considera-tion of various command areas, procedures forinitiating requests, and execution.

3. Records and reports.Types of records required to be maintained onpersonnel movements; reference to reports to besubmitted.

IV. AIR MOVEMENTSA. General.

Amplification of command policies on use cf airtransportation (intratheater and intertheate:r) toinclude responsibilities, utilization, and proceduresin the employment of organic helicopter units.Responsibilities for coordination with Air JForceaerial ports.1. Submission of requirements.

Responsibilities for, timing, format, procedures,and policies affecting submission of advance andfirm requirements for air movement of suppliesand personnel.

2. Air tonnage allocations.Controlling agency; procedures for application,allocation, and use of allocations; formats.

3. Air priorities system.Controlling agency; procedures and responsi-bilities for application, determination, dissemi-nation, and use of priorities; implementation ofcommand policies and directives.

114 TAGO :808C

IV. AIR MOVEMENTS-ContinuedA. General-Continued

4. Aerial port calls.Responsibilities and procedures for the issue ofport calls for supply and personnel movements;implementation and execution of such calls.

5. Special movement control actions.Special actions required to integrate movementcontrol of air transportation with other applicablemodes of transportation.

6. Loading and unloading of aircraft.Policies, responsibilities, and procedures forloading and unloading troops, accompaniedsupplies, and equipment at aerial ports.

7. Diversions and reconsignments.Authority; procedures and channels prescribedfor effecting and executing diversions or recon-signments.

B. Supply movements.1. Designation for air movement.

Authority for, responsibilities, how accomplishedand disseminated, actions to be taken.

2. Special packing requirements.Special instructions for packing or preparingsupplies for air movement.

3. Special marking.Types; responsibilities for applying marking oncontainers and for obliterating old markings.

4. Documentation.Responsibilities and procedures for preparingand distributing established documents.

5. Aerial supply.Amplification of command policies and direc-tives on packaging and delivery responsibilities;methods and procedures for obtaining and ac-complishing aerial supply; methods and respon-sibilities for marking landing or drop zones.

6. Records and reports.Responsibilities and methods for maintenanceof specific records, and reference to reports tobe submitted.

TAGO 2308C 115

IV. AIR MOVEMENTS-ContinuedC. Personnel movements.

1. Preparation for air movement.Command policies and directives on proceduresand requirements for preparing units and in-dividuals for air movement.

2. Movement to aerial ports.Procedures and responsibilities for the movementof units and individuals to aerial ports for airmovement.

3. Documentation.Preparation, distribution, and uses of establishedflight forms and documentation.

4. Records and reports.Responsibilities and methods for maintenance ofspecific records, and reference to reports to besubmitted.

V. INLAND WATERWAY MOVEMENTSA. General.

Policies and factors involved in selecting shipmentsfor movement by inland waterways.I. From deep water terminals to inland points.

General procedures and policies concerning useof inland waterways for this type of movementand responsibilities for accomplishing.

2. Between inland points.General procedures and policies concerning use ofinland waterways for this type of movement andresponsibilities for accomplishing.

3. Routing.Responsibilities and procedures for determina-tion, coordination, and accomplishment.

4. Diversions and reconsignments.Authority to make diversions and procedures forinitiating requests.

5. Priorities.Applying established priorities to movementsvia inland waterways.

116 TAGO 2308C

V. INLAND WATERWAY MOVEMENTS-ContinuedA. General-Continued

6. Records and reports.Responsibilities and methods for maintenanceof required records; methods and frequency ofsubmitting specific reports (formats appended).

B. Supplies (releases).When required, methods of obtaining, formats, dis-semination, actions required.

C. Personnel.Application of this mode of transportation to themovement of personnel.

Section III

TRANSPORT SERVICES

I. MILITARY RAILWAY SERVICEA. General

Policies and procedures for-1. Integration of rail transportation in the theater

transportation net.2. Operational control.3. Coordination with adjacent commands for use of

rail capacity and support of operating units.4. Coordination of the theater rail plan for selec-

tion, rehabilitation, and operation of rail linesin support of theater strategic plans.

B. Mission.Rail net and facilities operated; terminals; instal-lations and commands supported.

C. Organization.Operating units available, location, and operatinglimits.

D. Functions.1. Responsibilities for operation and maintenance

of military railways.2. Responsibilities for operation and maintenance

of equipment.3. Responsibilities for operation and maintenance

of freight, passenger, and special trains.

TAGO 2308C 117

I. MILITARY RAILWAY SERVI:CE-Continued3. Planning.

1. Long-range planning responsibility and proce-dures; selection of rail primary and alternateroutes; determination of line capacity; troop,equipment, and supply requirements; rehabili-tation and project requirements; communica-tions and security requirements; demolitionplans.

2. Current operational plans; current rail line ca-pacity and requirements; phases of operation;selection and rehabilitation of new or additionalrailheads, yards, and installation facilities.

F. Operations.Procedures for dissemination and implementationof movement programs; coordination with fieldtransportation officer; priorities for and utilizationof rail equipment; responsibility for preparationand compilation of operational and situation re-ports; procedures for ordering and documentationof cars; responsibilities for scheduling special trains;responsibility and methods of loading, blocking,and bracing of inspecting loaded cars.

G. Maintenance.Responsibility, procedures, inspections, reports, andstandards for maintenance of military and utilityrailway facilities and equipment, including organ-izational, field, depot maintenance.

/H. Supply.Responsibility and procedures for requisitioning,stocking, distributing, maintaining levels of, dis-posing of excess, and accounting for railway operat-ing and maintenance supplies; requirements andpriorities for major items, including locomctivesand rolling stock.

I. Intelligence and reconnaissance.Responsibility and procedures for collecting, proc-essing, and using rail intelligence.

1T8 TAGO ,:308C

I. MILITARY RAILWAY SERVICE-Continued

J. Security.Procedures, responsibility, coordination, and re-quirements for security of supplies en route by rail,and security of trains and rail line-of-communica-tion facilities; defense and demolition plans.

K. Records and reports.Responsibility and procedures for reports-railwayoperation, situation, personnel status, equipmentmaintenance and inspection, equipment status, andproject.

L. Training.Responsibility-unit and technical training.

II. HIGHWAY TRANSPORT SERVICEA. General.

Policies involved in control, operation, and mainte-nance of facilities, equipment, and installation;command responsibility; technical supervisionrequired and agencies involved.

B. Mission.Service provided; extent of operation.

C. Functions.1. Scheduled and nonscheduled operations.2. Maintenance of equipment-responsibilities, pro-

cedures, facilities, and inspection practices.D. Planning (operational).

Computation of troop and equipment requirements;capability and capacity estimate; communicationprocedure and requirements; rehabilitation require-ments.

E. Operations.Operational procedures and controls; pooling andutilization of equipment.

F. Maintenance.Responsibilities and procedures for maintenance;regulations and reports.

G. Supply procedure.Responsibilities for supplies, authorized levels,requisitioning procedures, accounting methods,disposal of excesses.

TAGO 2308C 119

II. HIGHWAY TRANSPORT SERVICE-Continued

H. Intelligence and reconnaissance.Responsibility for collection, collation, evaluation,and dissemination of highway transportation intel-ligence and reconnaissance information.

I. Security.Responsibilities; plans-disaster and defense; con-voy and cargo security; equipment and facilities.

J. Records and reports.Responsibility; operational and personnel ;statusreports; technical reports; miscellaneous.

:K. Training.Responsibility-unit and technical training.

III. INLAND WATERWAYS SERVICEA. General.

Policies involved in the control, operation, andmaintenance of facilities, equipment, and installa-tions; command responsibility; technical supervi-sion required and agencies involved; responsil.ilitiesfor operational control.

B. Mtission.Service provided, extent of operation, limitationsof craft and facilities, capabilities of the syste.n.

C. Organization.Equipment and units available, location of operat-ing units and facilities, terminals served.

'D. Functions.1. Scheduled and nonscheduled operations.2. Maintenance of equipment-responsibilitie3, pro-

cedures, facilities, inspection practices, andperiodic overhaul.

E. Planning.Computation of troops and equipment require-ments, development of supply requirements, capa-bility and capacity estimate, rehabilitation require-ments and computations, construction require nentsand responsibilities, communications proceduresand requirements.

120 TAGO 2308C

III. INLAND WATERWAYS SERVICE-Continued

F. Operations.Operational procedures-utilization of equipment;coordination with field transportation officers;terminal operations and operational control, in-cluding position reports, sailing orders, sailingradios, maintenance of operational reports andstatistics; communication net (call letters, fre-quencies); watches maintained; documentation ofshipments; preparation of manifests; fueling facil-ities and procedures.

G. Supply.Responsibility for supplies, authorized levels,requisitioning procedures, accounting methods,disposal of excesses.

H. Messing.Messes authorized, locations, accounting for sub-sistence supplies, ration cycle, breakage allowances.

I. Security.Responsibilities, plans (disaster and defense), cargosecurity, equipment, and terminals.

J. Maintenance.Responsibilities and procedures for maintenance ofwaterways, locks, terminals, and equipment; in-spections.

IV. AIR TRANSPORT SERVICE (AIR FORCE ANDARMY AVIATION)

A. General.Policies involved in control, operation, and mainte-nance of facilities, equipment, and installations;command responsibility; technical supervision re-quired and agencies involved; responsibility foroperational control.

B. Mission.Service to be provided by organic helicopter units,Air Force troop carrier units, and other aircraft indirect support; extent of operation.

C. Functions.1. Scheduled and nonscheduled operations.2. Maintenance of equipment-responsibilities,

procedures, facilities, inspections.

TAGO 2308C 121

IV. AIR TRANSPORT SERVICE (AIR FORCE ANDARMY AVIATION)-Continued

D. Planning (operational).Personnel, equipment, and supply requirezments;capabilities and capacities; communication pro-cedures.

E. Operations.Operational procedures ar.d control; utilization ofpersonnel, equipment, and facilities; priorities; co-ordination; documentation; records and reports;service to be given personnel and cargo.

F. Maintenance.Responsibilities and procedures for maintenance;regulations, reports, and records.

G. Supply.Responsibilities; authorized levels; procedures andaccounting methods for the United States Air Force.

H. Intelligence.Responsibility for collection, collation, evaluation,and dissemination of air transportation intelligence.

I. Security.Responsibilities, plans (disaster and defense',, areaequipment and supply security.

J. Records and reports.Responsibility-technical and operational; person-nel and stock records and reports.

K. Training.Responsibility-unit and technical training.

Section IV

FIELD INSTALLATIONS

I. WATER TERMINALSA. General.

1. Implementation of command policies and direc-tives concerning command; technical supervisionand operational control of installations, facili-ties, and operations to provide a basis for waterterminal SOP's.

1212 TAGO 2808C

I. WATER TERMINALS-ContinuedA. General-Continued

2. Coordination with Military Sea TransportationService (Navy). Responsibilities for coordina-tion measures with Military Sea TransportationService on movement and administration ofvessels.

B. Operations.General policies and procedures for the operation ofwater terminals to include berthing, loading anddischarge of vessels, in-transit storage, preparationand execution of clearance programs, operation ofstaging areas, enforcement of priorities, evacuation,and liaison with appropriate water terminaldirector.

C. Maintenance.Responsibilities and policies for maintenance offacilities and equipment.

D. Supply.Implementation of command policies and directiveson water terminal supply procedures to includeestablished stock levels.

E. Security.Implementation of command policies and directiveson preparation and execution of installation defenseplans; security measures for supply and personnelmovements through the water terminals.

F. Communications.Implementation of command policies and pro-cedures for the installation, operation, and main-tenance of communication facilities and equipment.

G. Records and reports.Responsibilities for maintenance of specific recordsand preparation and submission of reports.

II. TRANSPORTATION CORPS SUPPLY DEPOTSA. General.

Application of command policies and directivesconcerning the establishment and operation ofTransportation Corps depots.

TAGO 2308C 123

II. TRANSPORTATION CORPS SUPPLY DEPOT'S-Continued

B. Stock levels.Responsibilities and procedures for establishing andmaintaining stock levels for Transportation Corpssupply items.

C'. Operations.General policies and procedures for the operation ofTransportation Corps supply depots to accomplishprocurement, storage, and issue of TransportationCorps supplies when it is desirable to make theseprocedures routine and standard at all Transporta-tion Corps depots within the command.

I). Communications.Implementation of command policies and directivesfor installation, operation, and maintenance ofcommunication facilities and equipment.

E. Security.Reference to appropriate provisions of SOP orother command directives and any special securitymeasures applicable to Transportation Corpsdepots.

F. Records and reports.Responsibilities for maintenance of specific recordsand reference to reports to be submitted.

II::. TRANSFER POINTS AND OTHER SPECIALTRANSPORTATION ACTIVITIES

A. General.Types, basis for requirement, responsibilities, andprocedures for establishment and operation.

3. Command.General statement of command designation, andresponsibilities for command and administration,as appropriate.

C. Labor.Responsibilities and methods of procurement andutilization; reference to appropriate provisions ofSOP.

:D. Documentation.Responsibilities, methods and procedures for prep-aration and distribution of documentation.

124 TAGO 2308C

IIL. TRANSFER POINTS AND OTHER SPECIALTRANSPORTATION ACTIVITIES-Continued

E. Operations.General coverage of operational policies, methods,and procedures which should be routine and stand-ard at all transfer points.

F. Communications.Procedures and responsibilities for requesting,furnishing, and maintaining communication facili-ties and equipment.

G. Security.Reference to appropriate provisions of the SOP orother command directives.

H. Records and reports. ·Responsibilities and methods for maintenance ofspecific types of records; reference to reports to besubmitted.

IV. FIELD TRANSPORTATION OFFICESA. General.

1. Implementation of command policies and direc-tives for the establishment and functioning offield transportation offices.

2. Policies concerning employment, command, andoperational control of movement control units.

3. Locations of field transportation offices; areasof responsibility of each field transportationofficer, with overlays as appropriate.

B. Operations.Reference to provisions of SOP as applicable; ex-tent of authority for supervision of movements;coordination measures with transport services,shippers, and receivers.

C. Communications.Procedures and responsibilities for requesting,furnishing, maintaining, and operating communi-cation facilities and equipment.

D. SecurityReference to appropriate provisions of SOP orother command directives.

TAGO 2308C 125

IW. FIELD TRANSPORTATION OFFICES--ContinuedE. Records and reports.

Responsibilities and methods of maintenarce ofspecific records; reference to reports to be submitted.

Section V

TRANSPORTATION CORPS SUPPLY

[. 3ENERALApplication and references of command policies anddirectives to implement the Transportation Corps supply mission of the transportation officer.

IT. PROCUREMENTA. Plans and estimates.

Responsibilities and methods of preparation of long-range and current plans and estimates for Trans-portation Corps supply requirements.

B. Requisitions.1. Responsibility and procedure.

Responsibilities and procedures for originating,processing, and transmitting supply requisitionson the continental United States and on Trans-portation Corps depot to include frequency of

submissions, orders and shipping times, andbasis for issue as appropriate.

2. Project supplies.Responsibilities and methods of estimating andsubmitting requirements to include formats,justification provisions, and time elements.

3. Critical items.Reference to appropriate command publications;policies and procedures for obtaining authorityfor issue and usage.

C. Local procurement.Policies and procedures for local procurement ofsupplies and equipment.

126 'TAGO 2308C

III. MANAGEMENTA. Utilization and economy.

Responsibilities and instructions for using and con-serving supplies and equipment, overstocking re-strictions, and disposition procedures for excessstocks.

B. Maintenance.Policies, responsibilities, and methods of maintain-ing supplies and equipment; provision of adequatestorage facilities.

C. Security.Policies and responsibilities concerning abandon-ment or destruction of supplies and equipment;dispersion policies and safeguarding measures toprevent destruction or capture.

D. Salvage.Disposition procedures for damaged or worn equip-ment, reclamation policies, and replacement pro-curement.

E. Storage.Responsibilities and provisions for proper storageand issue of supplies and equipment.

F. Records and reports.Responsibilities and methods for maintenance ofspecific supply records and submission of reportsto include types, formats, and frequency.

TAGO 2308C 127

INDEX

Para-graph* .Page

Administrative division, transportationstaff section -_---,_---------------- 4-12 6

Air transportation:Combat zone -_---_------__---_ _-. 34d 44Communications zone ------ _-----_ 46, 47 63

Amphibious:Barge platoon (proposed) --------- 52b(4) 76Truck company -_-_-_-----------_ 52b(5) 77

Army aircraft:Maintenance battalion ------------ 34d(4) 47Maintenance company ------------ 34d(5) 47Repair team KC ---------------- .34d(7) 48

Army transportation officer ------------- 4-12 6

Base development ---------- ____-. 67-70 91

Caigo transportation- _.._...----------- 50a 69Civilian personnel, utilization --------- 4-12 6Communications zone transportation offi-

cer -__--------------__ ------. ----- 4-12 6

Depot company --------------. ----- 56 80

Estimates, making ---- 57, 58 82

Ha:rbor craft and crews -.. _---- 52b(6) 77Heavy maintenance and supply company_ 34d(6) 47Helicopter:

Battalion ------------.. ---- 34d(1) 45Company, Army -----------------. 34d(2) 45Teams ------.----.---------..---- 34d(3) 45

Highway:Regulations ------------_----.. 40 57

12l TAGO 2308C

Highway-Continued Para-graph8 PageTransport service:

Car company ---------------_ 39c(4) 56Headquarters and headquarters

company, highway transportdivision _---------------- 39b(l) 54

Headquarters and headquarterscompany, highway transportgroup -__----_--------__ -- 39b(2) 55

Headquarters and headquarterscompany, truck battalion .... 39b(3) 55

Heavy truck company -- _----_ 39c(3) 56Iight truck company ------ 39c(1) 56Medium truck company ----_-- 39c(2) 56

Transportation:Combat zone------------------ 34c 44Communications zone----.--- -38-43 53Units ----------------------- 38-43 53

Inland waterways service -_------------ 45 62Installations -------------------------- 49-55 65Intelligence, transportation ------------ 18 26

Collecting agencies ----.----------- 19 27General ---------------------- 17 25Transportation intelligence teams--.. 20 28

Logistics annex, transportation appendixto (example form) ----__------------ app. II 95

Management division, transportation staffsection ---- _--------------- -------- 4-12 6

Marine maintenance and repair teams -___-- 52b(7) 78Military Air Transport Service -- S---c8a, 13b, 47 16, 21, 63Military Railway Service:

General headquarters-------------- 37a(1) 50Headquarters and headquarters com-

pany, railway command---------- 37a(2) 50Headquarters and headquarters com-

company, railway group -------- 37a(3) 50

TAGO 2308C 129

M'ilitary Railway Service-Continued Para-graphs PageRailway:

Operating battalion ---------- 37b(1) 51Shop battalion - _------- __.-.. 37b(2) 52

Military Sea Transportation Service ----- 13b 21Movement control:

Communications------------------- 26 37Documentation ------------------ 27 38Economy------------------------- 23 32Field ------------------------ 28 38Instructions----------------------- 24 36Plans and programs ---------------- 23 32Principles ___----------------- ------ 22 29Supervision ---------- ----- 25 37

Movement control division, transportationstaff section ____…------------------- 4-12 6

Outline for preparing a SOP .-------..--- app. III 101

Pipeline transportation----------------- 48, 49 65Planning ---------------------- 15, 16; 59-62 23, 83Plans and intelligence division, trans-

por:ation staff section ---------.- ----- 4-12 6

Rail transportation:Combat zone ___-----------__ ----- 34b 44Communications zone------------- 36, 37 49Units _--------------------------- 36, 37 49

References .-------.------------.------ app. I 94

Security .-- ------------------------ 29, 30 39, 40Staging area:

Company ------------------.------ 53b 79Complement -----------------.. 53a 79

Standing operating procedures _-.. . ..... 63, 66 89, 90Subinstallations------..-------------- 52a(4) 73Supply and supply economy .------------ 31, 32 40, 41Supply division, transportation staff sec-

tion ._-----------------------..----- 4-12 6

130 TAGO 2308C

Para-graphs Page

Table I. Capabilities of Terminal Com-mands A, B, and C Terminal: 52 71

Battalion -----_-_ ___ _.---....._ 52b(1) 75Command A---------------------__ 52a(3) 73Command B __------------------_ 52a(2) 73Command C -----------------____ 52a(1) 73Service company ----------------_ 52b(2) 75Service teams ------------ _____ 52b(3) 76

Terminals and installations ------------ 50-56 68Theater:

Army transportation officer --------- 4-12 6Transportation officer -------------- 4-12 6

Through-put capacity ------------- - 51 69Transfer points-------------------- 55 80Transit storage areas ------------_--_-- 54 79Transport:

Agencies and facilities_ _-------- 13 21Service division, transportation staff

section __--______--_____-- - - __- 4-12 6Transportation:

Modes:Combat zone ----------------- 34 43Communications zone ---- _---- 35-49 48

Service, theater of operations:Combat zone------------------ 34 43Communications zone---------- 35-49 48Functions--------------------- 13-33 21Mission ___----- ____----------- 3 3Staff _-- __--- __------------ 4-12 6

Staff:Army transportation officer _-- 10 18Communications zone transporta-

tion officer ----------------… 11 18Duties, the transportation officer_ 5 6Staff section, organization -___-- 6 10Theater:

Army transportation officer__ 9 18Command relationship __--- 7 15Transportation officer -____- 8 16

TAGO 2308C 131

Transportation-Continued Para-Staff-Continued

Transportation officer, other com-m ands ................... 12 19

Transporter, cargo ..............__ 50a 69Troop carrier forces ..----..---- 47c 64

Water terminals:Through-put capacity -- _-.-----. 51-52 69

Water transportation:Ccmbat zone --------_----.-----__. 34a 44Communications zone- .--------. _-- 44, 45 51, 62

AcG 3853 (22 Apr 55)]

1 32 TAGO 2308C

BY ORDER OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARmY:

MAXWELL D. TAYLOR,General, United States Army,

OFFICIAL: Chief of Staff.JOHN A. KLEIN,

Major General, United States Army,The Adjutant General.

DISTRIBUTION:

Active Army:CNGB (1) MDW (2)Tee Svc, DA (2) except Armies (2)

COFT (20). Corps (2)Tee Svc Bd (2) Div (2)Hq CONARC (5) Tng Div (2)Army AA Comd (2) USMA (2)OS Maj Comd (2) Gen & Br Svc Sch (2)OS Base Comd (2) except Trans Sch (25)Log Comd (2) USMA (12)

NG: State AG (6); units-same as Active Army.USAR: Same as Active Army.For explanation of abbreviations used, see SR' 320-50-1.

I. i. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. lOSO

TAGO 2308C 133