transportation system & x-ev technology … · 2. effect of traffic condition on x-ev...
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TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM & x-EV TECHNOLOGY IMPLEMENTATION
Rizqon FajarPusat Teknologi Sistem & Prasarana TransportasiBPP TEKNOLOGISeminar Gaikindo 24 July 2019
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Outline
A. Transportation System: Sustainable and Integrated for Electric BasedB. Clearing Technology for Implementation of x-Electric Vehicle (EV)
1. Vehicle Characteristics and Fuels2. Effect of Traffic Condition on x-EV Performance3. Effect of Topography on x-EV Performance4. Disaster (Flood)5. Culture
C. Implementation of x-EV in Indonesia (road map Ministry of Industry)D. Recommendation
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A. Transportation System: Sustainable & Integrated
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_transport
▪ Effectiveness & Efficiency(road network, time, fuel/energy etc)
▪ Environmental & Climate Impact(emission, recycle, reuse etc)
Sustainable
Activities ▪ Optimization of road network &
traffic▪ Improvement of fuel efficiency▪ Vehicle emission control▪ Migrating from fossil-based to
renewable energy
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Integrated: Different modes of transport are linked with each other
#Travel Easier #Reduce Cost #Boost Revenue
(Hybrid/Electric)
(x-EV)
(x-EV)
(x-EV)
A. Transportation System: Sustainable & Integrated
Backbone of Mass Transportation: Train, Airplane & Ship
X-Electric Vehicle is OK, but X-Electric Public Transport is Better
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Assumption:PLN electric price 6,6-200kVa: Rp 1467/kWh Pertamax price: Rp 10100/Liter
Opportunity for x-EV application
EV application more advantageous for public transport
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HEV/PHEVs
Short Distance Commuter
Vehicles
MILEAGE
FUEL Gasoline, Diesel, Biofuel, Natural Gas, Synthetic fuels, Hydrogen
HEV/PHEVs
Bus FCEVs
FCEVsVEH
ICLE
SIZ
E
Personal Car
BEVs FCEVs & Advanced/ Bio Diesel
Medium Truck
LogisticHeavy Truck
Mining Truck
Passenger vehicle
HEV/PHEVs
BEVs
Fix Route Public Transportation
Electric Vehicle technology must be adjusted to the characteristics of mileage, vehicle size and fuel
Mixer Truck
1. Vehicle Characteristics & Fuels
Source: Ministry of Industry
B. Clearing TechnologyGovernment onducting Clearence test to state that a technology is feasible or not to be applied
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Source:Differences in Energy Consumption in Electric Vehicles: An Exploratory Real-World Study in BeijingKezhen Hu, Jianping Wu, and Tim Schwanen
Source: Insidejakarta.com
2. Traffic Condition Influence On x-EV
• Traffic Condition greatly affect the energy consumption• Traffic condition will also influence to driving behavior• Traffic jam will make it impossible to run Eco drive: x-EV energy consumption increase significantly
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Fuel Consumption & CO2 emission for ICE, HEV & PHEV ( ITB Study)
Result of Real driving cycle around Bandung
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126
93
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Wel
l to
Wh
eel
CO
2 E
mis
sio
n
[g/k
m]
Electric Vehicle
Conventional Vehicle
[1.3L]
Test Method:•JC08 at temperature of 25, 37 and -7 degC•AC was set at 25 (Auto)•The result was an average
At BT2MP-BPPT for CO2 of HEV using R-101
ICE Vs x-EV at Laboratory
Ref. Mitsuo Hitomi, Mazda Motor Japan
HEV Conventional (typical number for current vehicle
91.7 g/km 120 – 135 g/km
Ina Lab has no experience for EV test
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3. Effect of Topography on x-EV Performance
Source: greencarsreport.com
• Higher road slope leads to Higher energy consumption• City with mostly flat topography might be the right choice for x-EV
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http://www.mlit.go.jp/jidosha/jidosha_fr09_000100.html
In case of sudden naturaldisaster (flooding), Specialcare is required for vehiclewith have Electric Power
•Standard operatingProcedure must be fullyunderstood by user• Vehicle safety regulationmust be strict and coveredthis kind of natural disasterwith commonly happen inIndonesia
x-EV During natural disasterJapanese ministry of Transportation called for special attention when sudden flooding happened
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a. Mudik Lebaran (Homecoming in the last month of Ramadhan)✓ Long distance travel with heavy traffic jam
b. Driving Behavior✓ Aggressive, over load & over speed are typical of Indonesia drivers
c. Lack of care for vehicle periodic checking✓ After sales of x-EV
most Indonesian will think about the selling price when purchasingnew vehicle
d. Vehicle is still become ‘status’ for Indonesian
e. Etc…..
5. Culture
Gradual changing is required
Direct Changing for conventional to EV might be difficult
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Transport System at Semarang City (BPPT study)
Desired Lines of private car year 2018 (people/day) Desired Lines of public transportation year 2018
(people/day)
TRAYEK LOAD FACTOR AVERAGE
BRT 1 46,17%
BRT 2 32,69%
BRT 3 11,74%
BRT 4 26,56%
BRT 5 21,03%
BRT 6 24,80%
• People mostly using private car• Load Factor average for public transportation (BRT) is less than 50%
X-EV is preferred to beimplemented on publictransportation to achieveenvironmentally friendly andintegrated transportation
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Source : World Economic Forum
Restriction for EV Implementation: Charging Station
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Environment Issue: Battery Disposal & Re-cycle
Quantity of materials in EV LIBs waste stream in ChinaGeneration of waste EV LIBs and new increment of EVs per year in China
Strategy of waste EV LIBs treatment
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Environment Issue: Battery Disposal & Re-cycle
Source: ministry of environment
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Note :1. Road map based on Government Regulation 14/2015 regarding to RIPIN
2. It also related to commitment at COP21 to reduce 29% CO2 emission w/o international support,
and reduce 41% CO2 emission with international support until 2030
Roadmap of National Automotive Industry
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Program BPPT:
• Charging Station
• Electric Bus (Troley)
• Electric Train (KRLI & LRT)
• Electric Bicycle
• Electric Motorcycle
• Electric Car
BPPTPT. INKA
PT. PLNAutomotive
Industry
University
• Providing Laboratory for assessment of x-EV• Development of Charging Stations• Li Battery Testing Laboratory• Clearing Technology for Transportation system to evaluate suitable
implementation of x-EV in Indonesia
BPPT Role in The Implementation of Electric Vehicle
Collaboration Opportunity
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Issues for Effective & Efficient Implementation x-EV
❖ Network Capacity ❖Travel demand distribution❖ Topography❖ Climate❖ etc
MACRO
❖ Infrastructure Design❖ Traffic Signal Timing❖ Route Selection❖ etc
MIDDLE
❖ Driving Behaviour❖ Driving style❖ Slope and wind drag❖ Traffic Condition❖ etc
MICRO
Must carefully choose the right propulsion system, x-EV might be suitable for some condition
Regulations???
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RECOMMENDATION
▪ At some environmental condition, an implementation of x-EV asSustainable and Integrated transportation is preferable
▪ An Application of x-EV should be starting from publictransportation
▪ An Implementation of x-EV on private vehicle will help to boostthe decrease on emission gas pollutant but it would be muchgreater for public transport application
▪ Several issue related to Govt regulation, environmental andculture should be solved before the implementation of x-EV
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THANK YOU