1.0INTRODUCTION

Traverse is a series of established stations tied together by angle and distance. It is carried out to determine the location of the construction site. Traverse is also done to prepare control point for future usage. The position and coordinate for the points on the earths surface can be determine and calculated by using traverse.

2.0 OBJECTIVE

1. To determine the point (coordinate) of our location which is point 1,2,3,4 and 5.

1. Set out control station plan from bearing and distance.

2. Able to do recording data process, gathering of data, analyze the data and produce the

final traverse work.

3. Settle problems that occurred while we did the traverse work by analyzing the data that we get.3.0EQUIPMENT

1. 1 set total station

2. 3 set tripod

3 .2 set prism

4. Picket

5. Hammer

4.0 PROCEDURE1. Our location was given by the lecturer and we observed the area of the site.

2. Two nearby datum was chosen since it acts as our temporary benchmark (TBM). D106 and D107 is picked since it is closer to our site.

3. Five points were chosen around the block 7/8 (our site). Minimum distance for every point should be more than 30m. A picket was hammered to the ground and acts as our point for each station.

3. The total station was set up at D106 while the prism is set up at station 1 and D107.4. By using the bearing of the D106, we set the value into the total station and it acts as our left face.

5. We then shoot both prism, and the value for its bearing and distance was recorded.

6. Then, we turn it to the right face and data was recorded again.

6. The total station was then moved to our 1st point and the prism was moved to D106 and point2. 7. The value of right face from point 1 is transferred to the left face for D106 and the bearing is set in the total station.8. Step 5 until 7 was repeated until we reach to our last station which is D107.9. The traverse surveying work is done clockwise.

5.0RESULTBearing

Stn.Face LeftFace rightAverageFrDefinite BearingToVertical AngleHorizontal DistanceDefinite Distance

180(0020180(002056.654

D107180 (0020359( 595589(052389(053056.655

D10636.096

189(0525269(052036.096

D106269(052389(0520119(1125119(113036.097

146.587

2119(1150299(115046.587

1299(1125119(1110184(0140184(020046.586

231.562

3184(015004(013031.562

204(0140184(0140268(3130268(313031.562

335.364

4268(310088(311035.364

388(3105268(310028(085328(093035.362

434.413

528(0850208(085534.413

4208(085328(0840239(3748239(383034.412

564.215

D107239(375059(374564.215

559(3748239(3730359(5913360(000064.215

D10756.657

D106359(5920179(590556.657

StnBearingDistance+-+-LatitudeDepartureLatitudeDepartureN/SE/W

-15238.518-45397.889

D106-189(053036.0960.57236.0910.008-0.00220.572836.0888-15237.945-45361.800

1-2119(113046.58722.72240.6700.0011-0.0030-22.720940.6670-15260.666-45321.133

2-3184(020031.56731.4892.2200.0007-0.0020-31.4883-2.2220-15292.154-45323.355

3-4268(313035.3640.90135.3520.0008-0.00220.9092-35.3542-15293.064-45358.709

4-528(093034.41330.34016.2400.0008-0.002130.340816.2379-15262.723-45342.472

5-D7239(383064.21532.455-55.4100.0015-0.0040-32.4535-55.414-15295.176-45397.886

D107-D106360(000056.65756.6570.0013-0.003556.6583-0.0035-15241.518-45397.889

(87.569(87.576(93.001(92.982

(304.899(=

-0.007(=

0.0190.0000.000

E closure = (El)+(Ed)Linear misclosure = E closure/perimeter

= (-0.007)+(0.019)

= 0.0202/304.899

= 0.0202 = 1/15094.00

6.0DATA ANALYSISTo determine the coordinate of D6.

Given : Coordinate D100 = (-15400,-45420)Coordinate D102

Latitude 102 = 14.645cos135(2110

= -10.419

Departure 102 = 14.645sin135(2110

= 10.292

Hence, x = -45420 + 10.292

= -45409.708

y = -15400 + (-10.419)

= -15410.419

Coordinate D103Latitude 103 = 42.348cos359(0410

= 42.342

Departure 103 = 42.348sin359(0410

= -0.688Hence, x = -45409.708 0.688

= -45410.396

y = -15410.419 + 42.342

= -1536Coordinate D104Latitude 104 = 44.585cos357(1010

= 44.531

Departure 104 = 44.585sin357(1010

= -2.202

Hence, x = -45410.396- 2.202

= -45412.598

y = -15368.077+44.531

= -15323.546

Coordinate D105

Latitude 105 = 42.858cos06(5730

= 42.542

Departure 105 = 42.858sin06(5730

= 5.192

Hence, x = -45412.598+5.192

= -45407.406

y = -15323.546+42.542

= -15281.004

Coordinate D106

Latitude 106 = 43.538cos12(3730

= 42.485

Departure 106 = 43.538sin12(3730

= 9.516

Hence, x = -45407.406+9.516

= -45397.89

y = -15281.004+42.485

= -15238.52

To determine allowable closure:

180(0020 - 179(5905

= 1157.0DISCUSSION

Our group was given a task at one specific location ( Block 7/8) to do the traverse surveying that surround the whole block by doing it clockwise. First we observed and planned where to place our picket (point), before doing the surveying works.

Our group decided to provide 5 stations where each of the stations was hammered to the ground with a picket, where it is in the same level with the ground surface. We marked a point at the centre of the picket as a station point.

The distance between the traverse stations must be more than 30m. The location of the picket must be in a safe place where it cannot be disturbed by any obstructions and at a place that is easy for us to find it later on. The traverse stations must be numbered continuously using clockwise.

While doing the surveying works, there are three main factors that could influence our reading. The factors are:

1. Human factor

The readings taken are not consistent because there is more than one observer. Parallax error could also occur.

2. Environment factor

The hot weather could disturb our concentration and makes us difficult to focus on the prism.

3. Instrument factor

The total stations are not in a good condition.

8.0CONCLUSION

In this traverse surveying work, we succeed to get the station coordinate, error, area, and linear misclosure by following the instruction that have been set. The value for the coordinate of our site is:

N/SE/W

-15237.945-45361.800

-15260.666-45321.133

-15292.154-45323.355

-15293.064-45358.709

-15262.723-45345.472

Our allowable closure that we get is 115 which is lower than 230 for bearing closure value, for the entire traverse. Our linear misclosure also fulfill the specification that has been fixed which is, second class. Our value is 1:15094.

For the conclusion, this traverse surveying work is accepted and can be used for future surveying such as tacheometry.Line D7-D6 reading bearing : 359(5920

Line D7-D6 true bearing : 359(5955

Bearing misclosure: -35 in 7stations

Latitude

Departure

Correction

Balanced

Coordinate

COORDINATE

9