treat to target in diabetes: an alternative pathway
DESCRIPTION
TREAT TO TARGET IN DIABETES: An Alternative pathway. ASSOC PROF DR AZIZ AL-SAFI ISMAIL Universiti Sains Malaysia Kubang Kerian, Kelantan. Malaysia Total populations 26 million Lifespan 69.6 yrs Male, 74.5 yrs Female. Main cause of death in hospital Heart disease Septicaemia Stroke - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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TREAT TO TARGET IN DIABETES:
An Alternative pathway
ASSOC PROF DR AZIZ AL-SAFI ISMAIL
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Kubang Kerian, Kelantan.
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Main cause of death in hospital1. Heart disease2. Septicaemia3. Stroke4. Motor-vehicle accident5. Cancer
MalaysiaTotal populations 26 million Lifespan 69.6 yrs Male, 74.5 yrs Female
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REGIONAL
5 leading cause of death (% of all deaths)SEAMIC 99
country year 1 2 3 4 5
Malay 1997 HD MN CrVD MVA SEPTI
BRUN 1998 HD MN CrVD B,E,A DM
INDO 1996 PERIN HD CrVD I,PNE TB
JPN 1997 MN HD CrVD I,PNE SUIC
PHIL 1995 HD I,PNE MN TB HPT
SING 1998 MN HD I,PNE CrVD SUIC
THAI 1998 HD MN MVA SEPTI I,PNE
VIET 1996 PERIN HD TB I,PNE MVA
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RISK FACTORS
Reversible Irreversible
Diabetes
Smoking age
HPT sex - male
Hypercholesterolemia family history
Obesity DM
Sedentary life Personality type
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RANK COUNTRY 1995 (millions) COUNTRY 2025 (millions) 1 India 19.4 India 57.2 2 China 16.0 China 37.6 3 U.S. 13.9 U.S. 21.9 4 Russian 8.9 Pakistan 14.5 5 Japan 6.3 Indonesia 12.4 6 Brazil 4.9 Russian 12.2 7 Indonesia 4.5 Mexico 11.7 8 Pakistan 4.3 Brazil 11.6 9 Mexico 3.8 Egypt 8.8 10 Ukraine 3.6 Japan 8.5 All other country
49.7 103.6
Total 135.3 300.0
Top Ten Countries for Estimated Number of Adultwith Diabetes, 1995 and 2025
-Diabetes Care 1998
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CHRONIC COMPLICATIONS
• Atherosclerosis• Diabetic eye disease• Diabetic nephropathy• Diabetic neuropathy• Foot ulceration and amputation
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Prevalence of Diabetic complications in Malaysia National Diabetes Care Seminar 1998
53
58
2 1
69
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
retinopathy neuropathy amputation legal blindness cerebral stroke Mi/CABG/cardiacangioplasty
diabetic complications
pre
vale
nce
(%)
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In ideal situation
• Prebreakfast blood glucose 3.5 – 5.3 mmol/l• HbA1c <6.5%• >50% on diet control• BMI <25 kg/m2
• Blood pressure <130/85 mmHg• Total cholesterol <5.2 mmol/l• HDL-cholesterol >1.1 mmol/l• Triglycerides <1.7 mmol/l
4
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In reality
• Mean HbA1c 9 - 10%, • 70-83% HbA1c >7.5%• 72.5 - 94% on either biguanide or sulphonylurea• Mean BMI 26 - 27 kg/m2, 57 – 63% >25 kg/m2
• Mean Sys Blood pressure 148 mmHg• Mean Dia Blood pressure 91 mmHg• Mean Total cholesterol 6 mmol/l• HDL-cholesterol 0.97 mmol/l• Mean Triglycerides 1.9 mmol/l
4
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Progressive nature of type 2 diabetes: insulin deficiency due to beta-cell failure
IGT Diabetes
Average 6.5years
Modified from graphic developed by the International Diabetes Center
Normalblood
glucose
Normalinsulin
Insulin resistance
Endogenousinsulin
Postprandial plasma glucose
Fasting plasma glucose
Pla
sma
leve
ls
Macrovascular complications
Microvascular complications
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EVERY 1%
reduction in HBA1CREDUCED RISK*
1%
Deaths from diabetes
Heart attacks
Microvascular complications
Peripheral vascular disorders
UKPDS 35. BMJ 2000; 321: 405-12.
Better Control EqualsReduced Risk of Complications
-37%
-43%
*p<0.0001
-14%
-21%
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Treat to Target in Diabetes
1. BMI < 25 kg/m22. BP < 130/80mmHg3. HbA1C < 6.5%4. Fasting blood sugar 4-6.0 mmol/l5. Random blood sugar < 8.0 mmol/l6. LDL-Chol < 2.6mmol/l
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Treatment of Diabetes
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ORAL HYPOGLYCAEMIC AGENTS
1. Sulfonilurea (Dimicron,daonil,amaryl)
2. Biguanid ( Metformin/ glucophage)
3. Meglitinide ( NOVONORM, STARLIX)
4. Glitazone (Avandia )
5. Acarbose (Glucobay)
6. Januvia
7. Galvus/ Galvusmet
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THE USE OF HERBS ESULIN IN CONTROLLING BLOOD GLUCOSE AND LIPIDS IN POORLY CONTROL
TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS
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ACTIVE INGREDIENTS
1. RADIX OPHIOPOGON JAPONICUS 100MG
2. RHIZOMA ANEMARRHENA ASPHODELOIDES 40MG
3. RADIX REHMANNIA PREPARATA 120MG4. RADIX GLEHNIA LITTORALIS 80MG5. RHIZOMA DIOSCOREA OPPOSITA 60MG
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METHODOLOGY
1. INCLUSION CRITERIA: KNOWN TYPE 2 DIABETES, POORLY CONTROLLED, MONOTHERAPY
2. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: RENAL FAILURE, MALIGNANCY
3. DURATION OF TREATMENT: 12 WEEKS4. TREATMENT: + ESULIN 2 CAPS
2-3X/DAY
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PARTICULARS MALE (%) FEMALE (%) TOTAL
No. of Patients 19 63.33 11 36.67 30
Mean Age (Year)
55.42 -
57.82 -
56.30
Mean Duration (Year) 10.4 - 8.0 - 9.7
PATIENTS CHARACTERISTICS
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CharacteristicsBefore Rx
(V1)After Rx
(V4) Difference P-value
HbA1c (Mean) 10.81
10.37
(0.44) NS
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HbA1c REDUCTION IN SELECTED PATIENTS
NOHBA1c Visit 1 HbA1c Visit 4
HbA1c Changes
REDUCTION (%)
1 14.50 14.20 0.30 2.12 8.60 8.40 0.20 2.33 8.80 8.50 0.30 3.44 11.40 10.80 0.60 5.35 12.10 11.40 0.70 5.86 6.30 5.90 0.40 6.37 6.30 5.90 0.40 6.38 14.50 13.30 1.20 8.39 10.70 9.70 1.00 9.3
10 13.50 12.20 1.30 9.611 9.20 8.20 1.00 10.912 10.50 9.20 1.30 12.413 18.50 16.20 2.30 12.414 6.70 5.80 0.90 13.415 6.70 5.80 0.90 13.416 9.00 7.70 1.30 14.417 9.60 8.20 1.40 14.618 11.10 9.20 1.90 17.119 9.50 7.80 1.70 17.920 14.90 12.00 2.90 19.521 13.20 10.40 2.80 21.222 9.90 7.80 2.10 21.2
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CharacteristicsBefore Rx
(V1)After Rx
(V4) Difference P-value
Body Mas Index (BMI) (Mean)
24.84
24.64
(0.20) NS
Systolic BP (Mean) 139 133.52
(5.88) NS
Dystolic BP (Mean) 78
79.21
1.28 NS
Total Cholesterol (Mean) 6.07 6.21
0.14 NS
Triglycerides (Mean) 2.15
2.38
0.23 NS
Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) (Mean) 3.63
3.67
0.04 NS
High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) (Mean) 1.43
1.34
(0.09) NS
Creatinine (Mean) 127.30 143.57
16.27 NS
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THE EFFECT OF TREATMENT
No of Patients
V1 V4
HbA1c < 6.5% 2 3
Low Density Lipoprotein ( LDL < 2.6 ) 5 6
Triglycerides < 1.7 13 9
Systolic BP < 130 11 13
Dystolic BP < 80 17 16
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• Loose Stool – 10
• Hot Flush – 1
• Muscle ache – 2
• Headache - 1
ADVERSE EVENTS – 14 (46.67%)
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• ANIMAL STUDIES: IMPROVE IN PANCREATIC TISSUE AND NUMBER OF BETA CELLS, INCREASE IN INSULIN RECEPTOR
• INCREASE INSULIN SENSITIVITY
• COMBINATION TREATMENT: WITH OHA AND INSULIN WILL GIVE BEST RESULTS
DISCUSSIONS
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Treat to Target in Diabetes
1. BMI < 25 kg/m22. BP < 130/80mmHg3. HbA1C < 6.5%4. Fasting blood sugar 4-6.0 mmol/l5. Random blood sugar < 8.0 mmol/l6. LDL-Chol < 2.6mmol/l
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