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Tree Identification John Ross

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Tree IdentificationJohn Ross

Tree IdentificationISA Certified Arborist

Study guide for the Arborist Certification exam of the International Society of

Arboriculture.

Presented byPresented byJohn RossJohn Ross

Burditt: Conroe, TexasBurditt: Conroe, [email protected]@burditt.com

Plant ClassificationPlant Classification (taxonomy)

Kingdom (Plant)

Phylum (Vascular plants or not)

Class (Angiosperms; di or monocotyledons

Gymnosperms have “naked seeds”)

Order

Family (Similar characteristics)

Genus (Closely related, Quercus)

Species (THE individual plant)

Plant Nomenclature

Plant Nomenclature (naming of plants)Plant Nomenclature (naming of plants)

Common names vs. Latin namesCommon names vs. Latin names

Genus and species…. Genus and species…. QuercusQuercus stellatastellata

Varieties & cultivars… Varieties & cultivars… var.var. & ‘Little gem’ & ‘Little gem’

Plant Morphology (appearance of tree parts)Plant Morphology (appearance of tree parts)

Branching structure (alternate, opposite, whorled)Branching structure (alternate, opposite, whorled)

Leaf type (simple or compound)Leaf type (simple or compound)

Leaf margins, apices & basesLeaf margins, apices & bases

Plant Morphology continued

Bud type and arrangementBud type and arrangement

Twig & pith characteristicsTwig & pith characteristics

Seed types (acorn, samara, legume, etc.)Seed types (acorn, samara, legume, etc.)

Bark characteristics (ex. hackberry “warts”)Bark characteristics (ex. hackberry “warts”)

Form & habitatForm & habitat

Flowers (ex. flowering dogwood)Flowers (ex. flowering dogwood)

Leaf Arrangement & “Parts”Leaf Arrangement & “Parts”

Compound Leaf Types

Leaf Bases & Apices

Leaf Margins & Other Types

Buds & Twigs

Loblolly Pine Pinus taeda

3 (Occasionally 2) needles3 (Occasionally 2) needlesGrayish Coloring To ConeGrayish Coloring To ConeForm: Open Spreading CrownForm: Open Spreading Crown

Slash Pine Pinus elliottii

Carmel Coloring To ConeCarmel Coloring To Cone 2 and 3 needles2 and 3 needlesForm: Round Top HeadForm: Round Top Head

White ash Fraxinus americana

Opposite, pinnately compoundOpposite, pinnately compound Single SamaraSingle SamaraU Shaped Leaf ScarU Shaped Leaf Scar

Green ashFraxinus pennsylvania

Opposite, pinnately compoundOpposite, pinnately compound

Single SamaraSingle Samara U Shaped ScarU Shaped Scar Brown Tinged with Red, Brown Tinged with Red, Slightly Furrowed or RidgedSlightly Furrowed or Ridged

Eastern cottonwoodPopulus deltoides

Simple, Alternate, Triangular, Simple, Alternate, Triangular, Square Base, Coarsely ToothedSquare Base, Coarsely Toothed

Prominent Lenticels, Prominent Lenticels, Triangular Leaf ScarsTriangular Leaf Scars

Male CatkinsMale Catkins

American elmUlmus americana

Alternate, Inconspicuous Alternate, Inconspicuous Lenticels, Elevated Lenticels, Elevated

semicircular Leaf Scarssemicircular Leaf Scars

Alternate, Simple, Double Alternate, Simple, Double Serrate, Oblique BaseSerrate, Oblique Base

Broad Flat-Topped Ridges, Broad Flat-Topped Ridges, Deep Elliptical FissuresDeep Elliptical Fissures

Common hackberryCeltis occidentalis

Alternate, Simple, Deciduous, Alternate, Simple, Deciduous, Serrate, Asymmetrical BaseSerrate, Asymmetrical Base

Alternate, Numerous Pale Alternate, Numerous Pale LenticelsLenticels

Many Corky Ridges, Gray-Many Corky Ridges, Gray-BrownBrown to Silver-Grayto Silver-Gray

HoneylocustGleditsia triacanthos

Alternate, Deciduous, Pinnate & Alternate, Deciduous, Pinnate & Bipinnately compoundBipinnately compound

Seed PodsSeed Pods

Irregular Shield-shaped Leaf Irregular Shield-shaped Leaf Scars, Stout ThornsScars, Stout Thorns

Gray-brown to Black, Scaly Gray-brown to Black, Scaly Ridges, Deep FissuresRidges, Deep Fissures

Boxelder mapleAcer negundo

Opposite, Coarsely Serrate, Opposite, Coarsely Serrate, Pinnately compoundPinnately compound

Double Samara, Slightly Double Samara, Slightly Converging WingsConverging Wings

Scattered Pale LenticelsScattered Pale Lenticels

MulberryMorus spp.

Alternate, Simple,Deciduous, Alternate, Simple,Deciduous, Toothed & LobedToothed & Lobed

Cluster, Dark-Cluster, Dark-red to Purplishred to Purplish

CatkinsCatkins Gray-brown, Gray-brown, Scattered Gray Scattered Gray

LenticelsLenticels

Bur oakQuercus macrocarpa

Alternate, Simple, Deciduous, 5 Alternate, Simple, Deciduous, 5 to 9 Lobed, Coarsely Toothed to 9 Lobed, Coarsely Toothed

Terminal LobeTerminal Lobe

Acorn, Usually Solitary, Acorn, Usually Solitary, Deep Bowl-shaped Cup, Deep Bowl-shaped Cup,

With conspicuous With conspicuous Fringe, Enclosing up to Fringe, Enclosing up to

¾ of the Nut¾ of the Nut

Half Round Leaf Half Round Leaf ScarsScars

Hairy Stalked CatkinsHairy Stalked Catkins

Eastern redbudCercis canadensis

Alternate, Simple, Deciduous, Kidney Shaped, Heart Alternate, Simple, Deciduous, Kidney Shaped, Heart Shaped or Flattened BaseShaped or Flattened Base

Calyx Tube, FlowerCalyx Tube, Flower Pod 2” – 3 ½”Pod 2” – 3 ½”

Eastern redcedarJuniperus virginiana

Awl-shaped, Sharp-pointed, Awl-shaped, Sharp-pointed, Spreading and WhitenedSpreading and Whitened

Scale-like in 4 ranks Giving Scale-like in 4 ranks Giving Square appearanceSquare appearance Thin Reddish-brown Bark, Peels Off in Thin Reddish-brown Bark, Peels Off in

Long Shred-like StripsLong Shred-like Strips

SycamorePlatanus occidentalis

Alternate, Simple, Deciduous, Wavy Alternate, Simple, Deciduous, Wavy With Short or Long Tapering Teeth, With Short or Long Tapering Teeth,

Flat or Heart Shaped BaseFlat or Heart Shaped Base

Persistent Multiple Of Achenes Persistent Multiple Of Achenes Forming A Head 1” in DiameterForming A Head 1” in Diameter

Bark Mottled By Large Plate-Bark Mottled By Large Plate-like Scaleslike Scales

Black walnutJuglans nigra

Alternate, Compound, Extremely Alternate, Compound, Extremely Tapering At End, Toothed Along Tapering At End, Toothed Along

MarginMargin

Born Singly Or In Pairs, Nut Has Hard Born Singly Or In Pairs, Nut Has Hard Thick ShellThick Shell

Many Raised Orange Many Raised Orange Lenticels, Large Shield Lenticels, Large Shield

Shaped Leaf ScarsShaped Leaf Scars

PecanCarya illinoensis

Alternate, Compound, Tapering Alternate, Compound, Tapering At End, Toothed Along MarginAt End, Toothed Along Margin

Ellipsoidal Nut,Thin Skinned Husk, 4-Ellipsoidal Nut,Thin Skinned Husk, 4-Winged From Base to ApexWinged From Base to Apex

Conspicuous Orange-Conspicuous Orange-brown Lenticels, Obovate brown Lenticels, Obovate

Leaf ScarsLeaf Scars

Osage-orangeMaclura pomifera

Broad Rounded Interlacing RidgesBroad Rounded Interlacing Ridges

Alternate, Simple, Oval-pointedAlternate, Simple, Oval-pointed

Short Axillary Thorns, Short Axillary Thorns, Triangular To Kidney Triangular To Kidney Shaped Leaf ScarsShaped Leaf Scars

Compact Cluster Of Green Compact Cluster Of Green Oblong Firm Drupelets, Oblong Firm Drupelets,

Appearance Of A Green OrangeAppearance Of A Green Orange

Post oakQuercus stellata

Alternate, Deciduous, Usually Alternate, Deciduous, Usually Unequally 5-lobedUnequally 5-lobed

Acorn, Occasionally In Pairs, Acorn, Occasionally In Pairs, Bowl Shaped Cup Enclosing 1/3 Bowl Shaped Cup Enclosing 1/3

Of NutOf Nut

Half Round Bundle Leaf Half Round Bundle Leaf Scars, Pale LenticelsScars, Pale Lenticels

Live oakQuercus virginiana (or fusiformis)

Alternate, Simple, Alternate, Simple, Evergreen, Entire MarginEvergreen, Entire Margin

Acorn, In Clusters of 3 to 5, Top Acorn, In Clusters of 3 to 5, Top Shaped Cup Enclosing 1/3 of NutShaped Cup Enclosing 1/3 of Nut

40-50 Feet High, Branching Close 40-50 Feet High, Branching Close To Ground Into A Few Massive To Ground Into A Few Massive Wide Spreading Limbs, RoundWide Spreading Limbs, Round

Topped CrownTopped Crown

Black willowSalix nigra

Alternate, Simple, Deciduous, Alternate, Simple, Deciduous, Lanceolate ShapedLanceolate Shaped

Dark Brown to Black, Deeply Dark Brown to Black, Deeply Divided, Shaggy Scales on Old Divided, Shaggy Scales on Old

TrunksTrunks

30-40 Feet High, Clustered 30-40 Feet High, Clustered Stems Forming Broad Irregular Stems Forming Broad Irregular

Open CrownOpen Crown

Test Tree #1Bur OakBur Oak

Test Tree #2Common HackberryCommon Hackberry

Test Tree #3Green AshGreen Ash

Test Tree #4MulberryMulberry

Test Tree #5Eastern CottonwoodEastern Cottonwood

Test Tree #6American ElmAmerican Elm

Test Tree #7Eastern RedcedarEastern Redcedar

Test Tree #8SycamoreSycamore

Test Tree #9Eastern RedbudEastern Redbud

Test Tree #10Loblolly PineLoblolly Pine

Thank youJohn Ross