trends and challenges in ships and ocean structures

Henrik O. Madsen 27 May 2013

Trends and Challenges in ships and ocean structures

CeSOS

© Det Norske Veritas AS. All rights reserved.


27 May 2013

Numerous drivers for new and improved technologies…

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Costa Condordia accident will lead to new safety requirements and concepts for ultra large cruise ships

Deep Water Horizon disaster leading to - revision of safety regime - performance vs. prescriptive design - use of bow tie methodology - increase in redundancy - stand-by capping systems - …



27 May 2013

Numerous drivers for new and improved technologies… Complex systems fail in complex ways – and barrier failure is the key factor in major

accidents

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27 May 2013

Numerous drivers for new and improved technologies… Offshore oil & gas moving to harsher

environments: deep and ultra deep waters, high pressure high temperature reservoirs, CO2 and H2S rich well streams.

Massive use of subsea technology requiring new installation and intervention technology and vessels

Increased use of ROV’s and AUV’s

Standard setting and technology qualification for new technology and use of existing technology beyond original boundaries

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27 May 2013

Numerous drivers for new and improved technologies… Developments in the Arctic

- Smaller and thinner ice cap due to global warming

- Exploitation of fisheries, oil and gas, and rare-earth minerals

- Significant reduction of the distance between Asia and Europe

- Increased volume of tourist traffic

Offshore wind

Floating LNG

International requirements to reduce local emissions to air

High fuel prices requiring more energy efficient operation

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27 May 2013

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The Arctic



27 May 2013

The Arctic -Winterization needed due to cold climate Vessels and rigs need to

be winterized for safe and reliable operation in cold climate

Winterization Class - Material requirements - Two engine rooms - Helicopter landing facilities - Life saving and navigation

equipment

Research and Development - Development of numerical

models and science based guidelines for sea spray icing

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27 May 2013

The Arctic -Ice management vessels Drilling operations in ice needs to be

supported with highly specialized multi-purpose ice management vessels capable of:

- Evacuation and rescue of personnel - Ice breaking - Supply operations - Oil spill response

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27 May 2013

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Offshore wind



27 May 2013

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Offshore Wind – A complex mix of risks and opportunity

Bottom fixed and floating

Inter ray cables

Transformer platforms

Shore cables AC/DC



27 May 2013

Offshore wind installation vessels – ideas coming to life

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November 2010 – A Concept November 2012 – A Vessel

Vessels finished in 2012 – reducing bottleneck problems with installation capacity.

New technology will reduce costs, improve efficiency, and increase safety

Next bottleneck could be cable laying vessels and O&M vessels

DNV is driving the industry forward with Standards, Classification and Advisory Services



27 May 2013

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Innovations for Oil & Gas exploitation



27 May 2013

Jack-ups for Norwegian sector Most of the current drilling plants on fixed installations

are old and worn out (>20 years)

An upgrade/modernization will include huge costs, including interruption of the existing daily production.

More economical to invest in specially adaptable Jack-Up’s, moving from platform to platform, for the new well programme

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© Maersk © Statoil



27 May 2013

Drill ships and semi’s

New generation of ships initiated by deep water discoveries

Need for bigger capacity units and larger Blow Out Preventers (BOP’s)

More challenging reservoirs and more challenging well control, High Pressure High Temperature (HPHT)

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© Seadrill



27 May 2013

Subsea intervention Development from large construction vessels

to new designs and more specialised and tailor made vessels

Cost-efficient drilling and production of smaller reservoirs nearby through existing production tubing.

Typical units for light well intervention (wireline, riserless well intervention) and ROV services

More capable AHTS for deeper water

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27 May 2013

Pipelay vessel: Deep Energy 195 m (2013) Technip, STX

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© Technip



27 May 2013

INTEGRATED THRUSTER CONTROL SYSTEM- DYNAMIC POSITIONING- POSMOOR- AUTOSAIL- OPERATOR CONTROL

SYSTEMINTEGRATED MONITORING & CONTROL SYSTEM- EXTENSION ALARM- PROCESS CONTROL

POWER GENERATION& DISTRIBUTION

PROCESS CONTROL STATION

PROPULSION

WIND SENSORS

VRU

GYRO

BACK-UPSYSTEM

SAFETY SYSTEMEMERGENCY SHUTDOWN

FIRE & GAS

ENERGY MANAGEMENTSYSTEM

AZIPOD

INFORMATION MANAGEMENTREMOTE DIAGNOSTIC

DRILLING DRIVESYSTEM

PLANTNETWORK

CONTROLNETWORK

FIELDBUSNETWORK

Safety and Reliability of Integrated Software Dependent Systems The role of embedded

software systems is increasing for safety and business critical systems

Classification notations for life cycle management of safety critical software systems are being adopted – initially for drill ships

Hardware in the loop testing for dynamic positioning systems, drilling systems, power management systems, sub sea control systems… is demonstrating high value and growing

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27 May 2013

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LNG production, storage and fuel



27 May 2013

LNG as fuel is a new, but proven technology

DNV Rules for Gas Fuelled Engine Installations since July 2001

SOLAS will have a section for gas fuelled vessels from 2014/2015

31 ships with DNV Class notation GASFUELLED

32 gas fuelled ships to DNV class on order

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http://blogs.dnv.com/lng/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/Viking-Energy-Small.jpg



27 May 2013

LNG as fuel: Deep sea ships will follow

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27 May 2013

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The LNG bunkering infrastructure in Northern Europe is rapidly increasing

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1. Florø 2. CCB 3. Halhjem 4. Snurrevarden 5. Risavika

Existing

22. Gothenborg 23. Pori 24. Turku 25. Sillamäe 26. Helsinki 27. Paldiski 28. Riga 29. Swinoujscie 30. Lubeck 31. Rostock 32. Helsingborg 33. Copenhagen 34. Aarhus 35. Aberdeen 36. Dunkerque 37. Marseilles 38. Barcelona 39. Algeciras

Proposed Planned 6. Bodø 7. Mongstad 8. Øra 9. Lysekil 10. Porvoo 11. Stockholm 12. Tallin 13. Klapeida 14. Hirtshals 15. Brunsbüttel 16. Hamburg 17. Rotterdam 18. Antwerp 19. Zeebrugge 20. Ghent 21. Vestbase

Existing Planned (Feasibility study, risk study, proposed locations, pending approval) Proposed (currently being discussed)

Information is valid as of June 2012



27 May 2013

Floating liquefied natural gas (FLNG) and Floating storage & regasification Unit (FSRU)

World’s three first F-LNG units have been ordered

Production from 1.5 million to above 6 million tons LNG per year per unit

Offloading systems qualification is ongoing

FSRU represents a flexible, cost and time efficient floating terminal concept

First generation Rules and Standards are in place

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© Höegh



27 May 2013

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Fuel efficient operations and alternative fuel in the maritime

industry



27 May 2013

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DNV’s “Shipping 2020” report predicted a gloomy future for HFO… cleaner fuel is on the way!

0.1% S limit in ECA (2015) will increase demand for marine distillates

With a global S-limit of 0.5%, demand for HFO may drop significantly

The use of LNG will not significantly influence the total fuel mix picture



27 May 2013

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Fuel Flexibility and Efficiency Options More flexible use of main engines

Electronically controlled main engines

Long stroke, slower engines

Dual Fuel and LNG engines

Batteries for variable load

Fuel Cells (future)

ME-GI Engine



27 May 2013

Complex Ship Systems Modelling & Simulation - COSSMOS

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Superheater

Evaporator

Economizer

Steam drum

Condenser

Steam Turbine

Feed water pump

Diesel Engine

Water pre-heater

Exhaust gas

Water

SteamCharge air

cooler

Drum level control

Condenser level control

Drum pressure control

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185

190

gr/

kW

h

Diesel Enginewith Heat Recovery

ΔSFOC = 12 gr/kWh

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170

175

180

185

190

gr/

kW

h

Diesel Enginewith Heat Recovery

ΔSFOC = 12 gr/kWh

Brake Specific Fuel Consumptions

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170

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180

185

190

195

200

20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110

Engine Load (%)

gr /

kWh

Diesel Engine

Standard Heat Recovery System

Heat Integrated CAC / water pre-heater

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000

Time (sec)

Rela

tive d

rum

level

(-)

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

Ste

am

turb

ine p

ow

er (k

W)

Relative drum levelSteam turbine power

Permissible level fluctuation limits

Severe power surge

Library of Component Models

System Model

Optimal Design

Performance assessment

Transient operation

Simulation & Optimisation

Component model code Graphical flowsheeting interface

(Hierarchical synthesis) (Steady-state & dynamic)

Generic, reconfigurable component models steady-state and dynamic thermofluid behaviour

Dimopoulos & Kakalis, CIMAC 2010 Conference, Bergen



27 May 2013

Knowing the operational profile - (Container ship example, DWT util.)

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27 May 2013

Paradigm change in container ship design

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Hull pressure and wave profile of initial hull form Hull pressure and wave profile of final hull form



27 May 2013

Virtual towing tank using CFD tools

Adaptation to future operating conditions

Hull form with minimum resistance

Using CFD performance analysis (Computational Fluid Dynamics) – a virtual towing tank

Typical improvement areas

Forebody optimization

Aftbody optimization

Propeller wake optimization

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27 May 2013

Fuel cell experience from Viking Lady – FellowShip I+II The major benefits of the fuel cell over an internal combustion engine are:

- Up to 30% increase in energy efficiency - Up to 50% reduction in CO2 emissions - Eliminates NOx, SOx and particulate matter emissions

The fuel cell has been operating successfully for close to 20,000 hours



27 May 2013

FellowShip III: The power of a hybrid The major benefits of the hybrid system over a traditional energy system are:

- Up to 20% increase in energy efficiency - Up to 30% reduction in CO2 , SOx and PM emissions - Up to 50% reduction in NOx emissions - Up to 60% reduction in CO emissions - Elimination of noise and emissions in harbour - Less than two years return on investment due to fuel savings

Engines/ Fuel cell Propeller

Battery



27 May 2013

Battery propulsion: Norled Ferry – Pure Battery System

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Batteries can eliminate or significantly reduce emissions in emission sensitive areas



27 May 2013

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Materials – Moving the envelope



27 May 2013

Going deeper Technology qualification of fibre ropes

for underwater deployment and recovery systems for operations to 2500m water depth:

Technology qualification of composite risers for deep water oil production:

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27 May 2013

More efficient transport

Use of composite materials to reduce weight and maintenance cost - composite hatch cover for Oshima ECO-ship 2020

- Significant weight reduction - Easy handling by deck crane (no hydraulic system) - Less maintenance

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27 May 2013

Safeguarding life, property and the environment

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