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Trends and Innovations in RF Identification Jim Wright Senior Solutions Architect Sun Microsystems, Inc.

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Page 1: Trends and Innovations in RF Identificationewh.ieee.org/.../Trends_Innovations_RFID_Mar05.pdf · Trends and Innovations in RF Identification Jim Wright Senior Solutions Architect

Trends and Innovations in RF Identification

Jim Wright Senior Solutions ArchitectSun Microsystems, Inc.

Page 2: Trends and Innovations in RF Identificationewh.ieee.org/.../Trends_Innovations_RFID_Mar05.pdf · Trends and Innovations in RF Identification Jim Wright Senior Solutions Architect

Agenda

● What's changing?● When customers meet RF Tags● When data and bandwidth explode● Device management written big● Edge data in the big picture● Access and security

Page 3: Trends and Innovations in RF Identificationewh.ieee.org/.../Trends_Innovations_RFID_Mar05.pdf · Trends and Innovations in RF Identification Jim Wright Senior Solutions Architect

RFID – What's changing?● RFID is a 50 year old technology so why the

excitement today?

● What's new is - “Networked RFID”– RFID + The Internet– Cheap tags with only ID– Detailed data resides across a network

● Networked RFID is essentially the harbinger for sensor-driven networks– Drive new applications and achieve levels of business

efficiencies through the use of real-time data

Page 4: Trends and Innovations in RF Identificationewh.ieee.org/.../Trends_Innovations_RFID_Mar05.pdf · Trends and Innovations in RF Identification Jim Wright Senior Solutions Architect

RFID and the Enterprise

!Sensors

Existing Business Processes

Devices

Temperature, Pressure, Speed,Vibration etc.

Active, Passive, Semi-Passive etc.

Mobile Devices, GPS, Other devices

Business ApplicationsWarehouse Management, ERP, Legacy

Business PartnersSuppliers, Distributors,Customers etc.

Business EfficienciesROI, Customer Satisfaction, Brand Integrity

RFID Tags

Using real-time data to achieve new levels of business efficiencies

for enterprises

Page 5: Trends and Innovations in RF Identificationewh.ieee.org/.../Trends_Innovations_RFID_Mar05.pdf · Trends and Innovations in RF Identification Jim Wright Senior Solutions Architect

The RFID Integration Chain

ALE-basedFiltering

& Collection

Smart ReaderProvisioning &Management

Software

Identity & AccessManagement

Portal Software

Gen 2 Tags

Smart Readers

ServiceOriented

Architecture

Components to consider for Mission Critical RFID

IntegrationMiddleware

BusinessIntelligence

Software

Self OrganizingEdge Software

Availability, Scalability, Manageability, Security, IntegrationKey Requirements

Page 6: Trends and Innovations in RF Identificationewh.ieee.org/.../Trends_Innovations_RFID_Mar05.pdf · Trends and Innovations in RF Identification Jim Wright Senior Solutions Architect

When Customers Meet RF TagsLearning from “Gen 1” Tags

● Privacy– Passwords– “Killable” tags can be erased– Improved security encryption

● Speed and reliability– High read rates and accuracy (-> 100%)

● Size– 2 to 3 times smaller

Page 7: Trends and Innovations in RF Identificationewh.ieee.org/.../Trends_Innovations_RFID_Mar05.pdf · Trends and Innovations in RF Identification Jim Wright Senior Solutions Architect

“Gen 2” Tags to the Rescue

● Cross vendor compatibility– Tags and readers interoperable across vendors

● Greater memory– 96 bits plus password– 8 bits assignable memory in non-EPC modes

● Improved RF– Spread spectrum, frequency hopping UHF with

frequency-modulation capabilities– Minimize interference with other devices

Page 8: Trends and Innovations in RF Identificationewh.ieee.org/.../Trends_Innovations_RFID_Mar05.pdf · Trends and Innovations in RF Identification Jim Wright Senior Solutions Architect

When Data & Bandwidth ExplodeManufacturing

Distribution

In Transit

Retail

Corporate HQ

Partners

What are the expectednetwork and storagerequirements?

How do we manage those expected data volumes effectively?

Page 9: Trends and Innovations in RF Identificationewh.ieee.org/.../Trends_Innovations_RFID_Mar05.pdf · Trends and Innovations in RF Identification Jim Wright Senior Solutions Architect

How much data will we see?

or

Page 10: Trends and Innovations in RF Identificationewh.ieee.org/.../Trends_Innovations_RFID_Mar05.pdf · Trends and Innovations in RF Identification Jim Wright Senior Solutions Architect

Network Bandwidth Requirements

Network Bandwidth in a sample Warehouse

# of Readers 20025% Reading at any given instant 50# of reads/second 500Bytes/Read 72Data generated per second in Mbytes 1.7

Page 11: Trends and Innovations in RF Identificationewh.ieee.org/.../Trends_Innovations_RFID_Mar05.pdf · Trends and Innovations in RF Identification Jim Wright Senior Solutions Architect

Data Storage Requirements

Incremental EPC Data generated by a sample manufacturer

Production/packaging Line Speed (items/second) 1# of Production/Packaging Lines 10# of Reads per Item 2 EPC Bytes 12 Timestamp (Date, Time, Year + TZ Offset) 12 Location (GLN - 13 Digits/Chars + extra) 16 Other Sensor Data 32Total Data generated in Bytes/Read 72Total bytes of raw data generated per second 1,440Total KB of Data generated / second 1Data generated in a day (Mbytes) 119Data Generated in a Month (Gbytes) 4Data Generated in a Year (Gbytes) 43

Page 12: Trends and Innovations in RF Identificationewh.ieee.org/.../Trends_Innovations_RFID_Mar05.pdf · Trends and Innovations in RF Identification Jim Wright Senior Solutions Architect

Infrastructure IssuesManufacturing

Distribution

In Transit

Retail

Corporate HQ

Partners

What if my Network is limited, intermittent or fails regularly?

How do I recognize and fix problems at remote sites with no IT Support?

??

?

?

?

Page 13: Trends and Innovations in RF Identificationewh.ieee.org/.../Trends_Innovations_RFID_Mar05.pdf · Trends and Innovations in RF Identification Jim Wright Senior Solutions Architect

Recommendations for the edgeThings (Sub-IP)

1. Use Self-assembling networks2. Do most of the data processing at the edge3. Keep Data Locally; Sync when required4. Avoid Single Point of failure

Tag, sensor, dust, ...

Reader/Gateway

Devices (IP) The Network

Page 14: Trends and Innovations in RF Identificationewh.ieee.org/.../Trends_Innovations_RFID_Mar05.pdf · Trends and Innovations in RF Identification Jim Wright Senior Solutions Architect

The RFID Value Chain

ALE-basedFiltering

& Collection

Smart ReaderProvisioning &Management

Software

Identity & AccessManagement

Portal Software

Gen 2 Tags

Smart Readers

ServiceOriented

Architecture

Components to consider for Mission Critical RFID

IntegrationMiddleware

BusinessIntelligence

Software

Self OrganizingEdge Software

Availability, Scalability, Manageability, Security, IntegrationKey Requirements

Page 15: Trends and Innovations in RF Identificationewh.ieee.org/.../Trends_Innovations_RFID_Mar05.pdf · Trends and Innovations in RF Identification Jim Wright Senior Solutions Architect

Device Management Written Big Or Filtering ≠ Middleware!

● RFID Middleware is narrowly viewed as being limited to filtering

● What about:– Centralized Reader Config and Management– Reader/Device Provisioning– Reader/Device Coordination (e.g. Interference)– Business Event Filtering

Page 16: Trends and Innovations in RF Identificationewh.ieee.org/.../Trends_Innovations_RFID_Mar05.pdf · Trends and Innovations in RF Identification Jim Wright Senior Solutions Architect

101100110100011110011010111111110100010001010

What is a “Dumb” Reader?

Applications

“..Pallet xyz arrived at dock door 4..”

● No intelligence besides reading and forwarding data

● Little or no filtering of data● Floods the network with data● Cheap, Single protocol/frequency

Readers

Tagged Assets

RFID Middleware

● Rely on middleware to do bulk of filtering

● RFID Middleware could become point of failure; need robust middleware

Page 17: Trends and Innovations in RF Identificationewh.ieee.org/.../Trends_Innovations_RFID_Mar05.pdf · Trends and Innovations in RF Identification Jim Wright Senior Solutions Architect

What is a “Smart” Reader?

Applications

An event you areinterested in has

occurred

SmartReaders

Tagged Assets

● Built-in low-level filtering● Dynamic config and updates● Reduces network traffic by

sending only relevant data● Multiple protocol/Frequency

S

S

S

● Smart Reader Management and Provisioning

● Firmware/Business logic upgrades● Reader Coordination● High-Level Filtering/Aggregation

Central Management Server

S

Page 18: Trends and Innovations in RF Identificationewh.ieee.org/.../Trends_Innovations_RFID_Mar05.pdf · Trends and Innovations in RF Identification Jim Wright Senior Solutions Architect

Dumb vs. Smart Readers

Dumb ReadersPros● Simple and Cheap● Potentially disposable

Cons● Generates a lot of network traffic● Relies on RFID middleware to do

bulk of filtering; RFID Middleware could become point of failure

● Management of Readers

Smart ReadersPros● Reduces Network Traffic● Enables better/centralized

management e.g. Firmware & software provisioning

Cons● Still needs middleware for event

aggregation and inter-reader coordination

Page 19: Trends and Innovations in RF Identificationewh.ieee.org/.../Trends_Innovations_RFID_Mar05.pdf · Trends and Innovations in RF Identification Jim Wright Senior Solutions Architect

Data Filtering - What is ALE?● ALE stands for Application

Level Events

● ALE is a SW specification for the filtering and collection of RFID data being defined and ratified by EPCGlobal

● ALE enables the aggregation and translation of individual reader events into events meaningful to applicationsApplication

R

RFIDReaders

Read Data: EPC ID, Location, Timestamp

RFID Middleware(ALE Engine)

RFID Tag

RFID Tag Data: EPC ID

Application Level Event: What, When and Where

input

output

output

Page 20: Trends and Innovations in RF Identificationewh.ieee.org/.../Trends_Innovations_RFID_Mar05.pdf · Trends and Innovations in RF Identification Jim Wright Senior Solutions Architect

Why ALE is important to Scaling

R

R

Application 1 An Application-centric approach on incorporate RFID data is not scalable

R

1

Readers

2?

Application 2?

What if you need a new applicationto access data from your existing readers?

ALE-based middleware enables a morescalable approach to integrating RFID

R

R

1

Readers

2

ALE

In this example, with the same set of readersApplication 1

● Application 1 can request RFID reads only when an object enters or leaves a door

Application 2

● Application 2 can request RFID reads every 10 seconds for inventory tracking

.

.

Application n● Application 3 can request all RFID reads

whenever they happen

Page 21: Trends and Innovations in RF Identificationewh.ieee.org/.../Trends_Innovations_RFID_Mar05.pdf · Trends and Innovations in RF Identification Jim Wright Senior Solutions Architect

RFID Middleware RequirementsScalabilityScalability●Management of large # of services

● Implementation and protocol independent

ReliabilityReliability● Keeps Services Simple

●Helps Handle partial failure

●Replaces broken services

Flexibility & Flexibility & IntegrationIntegration

● Supports implementation in HW, SW, Java & non-Java

● Surrogate Architecture

AvailabilityAvailability

● Enables Upgrades while system is running

●Redundant Services

AdministrationAdministration●Discovery and Leasing automated addition and removal of services

● Self-Healing and Self Managing Services

Page 22: Trends and Innovations in RF Identificationewh.ieee.org/.../Trends_Innovations_RFID_Mar05.pdf · Trends and Innovations in RF Identification Jim Wright Senior Solutions Architect

Device ManagementJini Network Technology provides...– A simple infrastructure for delivering network services

– An proven distributed framework

and Enables...– The spontaneous interaction between programs or devices

that provide or consume services

– How Services are added or removed from the network

– How new clients can find existing services without administration

Project Rio builds on Jini's distributed architecture concepts to enable dynamic adaptive network capabilities using Policy-based and Quality of Service mechanisms

jini.org

rio.jini.org

Page 23: Trends and Innovations in RF Identificationewh.ieee.org/.../Trends_Innovations_RFID_Mar05.pdf · Trends and Innovations in RF Identification Jim Wright Senior Solutions Architect

The RFID Integration Chain

ALE-basedFiltering

& Collection

Smart ReaderProvisioning &Management

Software

Identity & AccessManagement

Portal Software

Gen 2 Tags

Smart Readers

ServiceOriented

Architecture

Components to consider for Mission Critical RFID

IntegrationMiddleware

BusinessIntelligence

Software

Self OrganizingEdge Software

Availability, Scalability, Manageability, Security, IntegrationKey Requirements

Page 24: Trends and Innovations in RF Identificationewh.ieee.org/.../Trends_Innovations_RFID_Mar05.pdf · Trends and Innovations in RF Identification Jim Wright Senior Solutions Architect

Edge Data in the Big Picture Integration Issues

Enterprise Service Bus

ServicesApplications

External to the Enterprise

Internal to the Enterprise

Legacy Systems

Business Processes

BusinessPartners

RFID Data

Page 25: Trends and Innovations in RF Identificationewh.ieee.org/.../Trends_Innovations_RFID_Mar05.pdf · Trends and Innovations in RF Identification Jim Wright Senior Solutions Architect

Recommendations for Integration

1. Avoid direct integration with readers2. Implement EAI Strategies for Incremental Integration to

accommodate any existing systems3. Think distributed; Avoid single point of failure4. Consider security implications while designing

Avoid

This!

Page 26: Trends and Innovations in RF Identificationewh.ieee.org/.../Trends_Innovations_RFID_Mar05.pdf · Trends and Innovations in RF Identification Jim Wright Senior Solutions Architect

Sun RFID and SOA

Engines

WS-I JMS EDI

BPEL xForm

Bindings

Admin

Rules EngineBPEL

Services

Rules

Data Bus

ALE Event Aggregation

Incoming ALE EventsFrom RFID Readers & Middleware

Enterprise SystemsWMS, ERP, Legacy Systems etc.

Business Partners

1

2

3 4

Page 27: Trends and Innovations in RF Identificationewh.ieee.org/.../Trends_Innovations_RFID_Mar05.pdf · Trends and Innovations in RF Identification Jim Wright Senior Solutions Architect

Access and Security Issues

Someone is asking me for my status... How should I respond?

A manufacturing system is requesting access to some data... should we allow it?

What did we agree to share with Supplier XYZ?

Manufacturing

Truck in Transit

Partner

Page 28: Trends and Innovations in RF Identificationewh.ieee.org/.../Trends_Innovations_RFID_Mar05.pdf · Trends and Innovations in RF Identification Jim Wright Senior Solutions Architect

Access and Identity Control

OK. Welcome...

You are authenticated now.Let me send you the latest firmware and business logic that I want you to use...

Hi there...

What is your ID?What type of reader are you?Where are you located?Let me check if you are allowed on our network...

RFID Reader RFID Server

21Hello!!

I am a RFID reader and I want to be part of your RFID network...

3 with Access Manager

Support

Page 29: Trends and Innovations in RF Identificationewh.ieee.org/.../Trends_Innovations_RFID_Mar05.pdf · Trends and Innovations in RF Identification Jim Wright Senior Solutions Architect

Delivering on RFID Successfully

Service Oriented Architecture

Services

Identity Management and Directory

Partners

Hardware

RFID Middleware

(Device Management)

Web Services InfrastructureProfessional

Services and RFID Expertise

End-to-EndRFID

Solutions =

Point Solutions:

Tag and Ship

Industry Solution

Architectures

RFID Test Centers

Solution Provider

Page 30: Trends and Innovations in RF Identificationewh.ieee.org/.../Trends_Innovations_RFID_Mar05.pdf · Trends and Innovations in RF Identification Jim Wright Senior Solutions Architect

Thank You! Questions?Email: [email protected]

RFID Info: www.epcglobalinc.org