Trends of Data Assimilation in the Power Sector

Martin Michek

The evolution of data processing on Earth

Antiquity Middle Ages Modern Age Presentstone tile, clay tablets, papyrus

Minstrels, a record on paper, copying texts. 1448 - letterpress

Morse and the telegraph, radio, TV, books, magazines and newspapers, tapes, diskettes, discs, photos, films, telephone

Internet, smart phones, CDs, DVDs, blue-ray discs, flash discs...

Information is the basic building block of civilization The volume of information in the world is more than double every two years and grows faster than Moore's law indicates - in 2011 -1.8 zetabytes data. This corresponds to more than 200 billion high-definition movies (each about two hours long). Continuous monitoring by one person would take 47 million years.

Data from Metering - History

Ripple control

First attempts to control appliances using the supplied frequency, connected to the grid, were in the early 20th in the last century in France.

The first ripple control transmitter was installed in the East Region of the former Czechoslovakia in 1962 (now part of Hradec Králové – Všestary).

Commercial use of EE expands in 1880, it was important that the electrometer, as well as gasmeter, charges utility costs to customers properly rather than charging for a fixed number of lamps per month.

Many experimental types of electrometers were developed. Edison developed an electrochemical measurement system that uses an electrolytic cell to summarize the overall energy consumption. At regular intervals, plates were removed, weighed, and the customer was charged. Reading these gauges was labor intensive and poorly perceived by customers.

Year 1885 - Ferranti developed meter with a mercury engine with the registry similar to gasmeters - consumers could easily read the dial and check consumption.

The first accurate meter, which records the consumption of electricity was developed by Dr Aron Hermann, patented in 1883. Previous metering devices measured rate of energy consumption at given time, thus electricity. Aron´s meter recorded the total energy consumption over the time and it was showed on a number of clock dials.

The Volume of Processed Data from Metering

Old metering technologies

mechanical meters electronic meters without remote data transfer "2 values" / year (low and high tariff)

New metering technologies

for the continuous reading - at least "100 values" / day (in the case of LP15: 96 values + DV: 4 tariffs)

Internet

1. system information - identification device, TOU 2. information on consumption - LP15, registers of high and low tariff, maximum, ...3. Quality - LP10, failures identifying, overvoltage, undervoltage4. events / alarms - removing the cover, assault5. DTS measurements

Data Storage

Metering device Concetrator Data central Archive

Rewritable: load profiles 15 min and 10 min after voltage profiles for 90 days;Event recorder with a capacity of 30 entries for each event with a time stamp;Read-only: the energy registers by tariffs and cumulative.

The consumption and event data are transmitted into data centers to the appropriate address;The data is not stored in the concentrator, the data transfer is controlled by data central.

All measured dataRegisters LP15, LP10, events, statuses;Active for 3 years.

Data on consumption data for possible claims;7 years.

Metering Switchboard in the Substation

Facilities at substation:

1. SIEM - aggregate electricity meter2. Concentrator3. Scalar4. AILO - failures of outlets monitoring 5. UPS6. Heating, temperature7. Junction box

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Data Allocation into Particular Areas

Projected use of data from the EDM:

Identification of bottlenecks for

investment planning and fixes

Calculation of technical losses,

allocation of unauthorized consumption

Data for the supply

settlement

Monitoring the quality of supplies

Consumption and substation status monitoring on the low voltage level

Optimization of distribution

system operation

Balance calculations in

areas

Events and alarms monitoring

Even distribution of load in

distribution system

Integration with Other Information Systems

EDM

collection, processing and evaluation of data

from advanced intelligent metering systems at all

voltage levels

EDM

collection, processing and evaluation of data

from advanced intelligent metering systems at all

voltage levels

The Current Situation in the Czech Energy Sector

Do we believe in intelligent technologies?

Do we believe in obtained data?

Metering devices and concentrators standards are not defined.

Stable and reliable communication channels have not been tested sufficiently.

Long-term experience from abroad are missing.

We have different enter presumtions than countries in our neighbourhood.

Are we able to use the data?

When is it possible to use the data?

When and how quickly will be the implementation?

Do we have secured systems against attacks enough?

Changing the structure and granularity of data that we use in the future?

We do not have tested technology that would fully replace the existing systems!

What Has to Happen?

Change in access to new technologies Changing the behavior of workers Higher level of integration of data / systems Change in working practices Higher degree of automation of data processing A higher level of security throughout the infrastructure

New approach:Old approach:

Comparison of the Czech Energy Sector with Other European countries

in the Czech republic, we have relatively flat LP            - Graph of a typical day 04/20/2011

Volume share of measurement for supply point - 70% of the consumption from network of CEZ Distribution is measured by continuous metering

Comparison of the Czech Energy Sector with Other European countries

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We have enough information about consumption and balanced cash flow

We operate 50% of the consumption on the low voltage level by ripple control

Technical losses – comparison:

Europe - average Czech republic

6 – 7% 5,1%

Inteligent Metering Systems in the Czech republic

The default position in the Czech republic is significantly different than in the Europe, it is necessary to prepare ourselves.

We have unique experience in the area of ripple control.

We have a refined and optimized system of control , tariffs and regulations.

The potential of existing technologies have been already almost benefitted, can not get more benefits.

Currently there is gradual evolution in the field of measuring technologies in the Europe.

Long-term benefits in the Czech republic is necessary to look elsewhere from the perspective of an integrated data use throughout the electricity sector.

Thank you for your attention