STATION 1

Diagram show the equipment that use for patient in hospital.

a) Name the equipment?

b) What is the function of this equipment?

c) Name the green line on this equipment and it function?

STATION 1

a) Nasogastric tube/Ryle’s tube

b) -Feeding or administering of drug to patient that cannot take orally/swallow-patient with decreased level of consciousness-premature newborn with inadequate sucking reflex or lack of strength to feed

c)Radiopaque line- for a recognize in x-ray, placement

Brain

Lung

Kidney

Liver

A

Renin

Angiotensin I

B

Angiotensin II C

Look at mechanism shown in the chart.

1. Name the mechanism.2. Label A,B & C.3. Give the function of C4. Give another two (2) functions of angiotensin II

STATION 2

1. renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system2. A-angiotensinogen

B-angitensin converting enzymeC-antidiuretic hormone/vasopressin (ADH)

3. Increases water reabsorption at distal tubules & medullary collecting ducts

4. -Stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete aldosterone- Systemic vasoconstriction- Stimulates thirst center- Negative feedback of angiotensinogen

STATION 3

1. State the production site of oxytocin and ADH?

2. What is the main function for Pars Nervosa?

3. State ONE function of oxytocin.

With the help of diagram.

STATION 3

1. Supraoptic(ADH) and paraventricular(oxytocin) nuclei at posterior hypothalamus.

2. Storage for ADH and Oxytocin3. Function : Myoepithelial contraction at mammary

gland (breastfeeding) Uterine smooth muscle contraction

(delivery)

14 210 287

LH

Progesterone

Estrogen

FSH

Uterine Phase: Menstrual Proliferative Secretory . Ovarian Phase: Follicular Luteal .

STATION 4

i) What event(s) occur during LH surge in ovarian cycle.

ii) List 3 changes of the uterus during proliferative phase (day 6-14).

Question based on the graph given.

STATION 4

ANSWERi) • Release of secondary oocyte from Graafian follicle.• Ruptured follicle becomes corpus luteum and stimulates

production of estrogens and progesterone.

ii)• Stratum functionale rebuilt by stratum basale in response

to stimulation from ovarian estrogens• Elongation of the uterine glands as a result of increased

mitotic activity• Growth of basal arterioles of the lamina basalis into the

lamina functionalis• Stroma appears fluid filled (edematous)• Estrogen induces formation of additional receptors-

estrogen and progesterone receptors

a) What is the muscles labelled A, B, C, D, E, F

b) What is the name of the nerve X

c) What is the origin of the nerve X

Question based on diagram.

STATION 5

ANSWERa) What is the muscles labelled A, B, C, D, E, F

A: Gluteus Minimus muscleB: Piriformis muscle

C: Superior Gemellus muscleD: Obturator Internus

E: Inferior Gemellus muscle F: Quadratus Femoris muscle

b) What is the name of the nerve X

Sciatic nerve

c) What is the origin of the nerve X

Sacral Plexus (L4-S3)

Body mass index

Body weight :80kgHeight :150cm

a) What is the BMI of this person?b) State the classification BMI of this

person

STATION 6

ANSWER

a)BMI= body weight in kg/ (height in meter)₂

80 kg/ 1.5m x 1.5m= 35.5 kg/m2

b)Obese class II (35.0-39.9)

Diagram shows the coronal section of brain.

a) Name A, B, C, D, E and F b) State the type of fibers in A and E

E

A

F

D

CB

STATION 7

ANSWER

a)A : Internal CapsuleB : ThalamusC : Putamen of Lentiform NucleusD : Lateral VentricleE : Corpus CallosumF : Caudate nuclues

b) A- ProjectionE- Commisural

HEARING TEST LEFT EAR RIGHT EAR

TEST P BONE CONDUCTON GREATER THAN AIR CONDUCTION

AIR CONDUCTION GREATER THAN BONE CONDUCTION

TEST Q LATERALIZATION NO LATERALIZATION

TOOL A

STATION 8

1) WHAT IS TOOL A?2) WHAT IS TEST P AND TEST Q?3) RECOGNIZE WHICH EAR IS HAVING PROBLEM.

STATION 8

1. WHAT IS TOOL A? Tuning fork 256 Hz2. WHAT IS TEST P AND TEST Q? P-Rinne test

Q-Weber test3. RECOGNIZE WHICH EAR IS HAVING

PROBLEM. Left ear

A B

STATION 9

Diagram A and B shows two (2) structure of molecule in our body.

a) Name A and B?

b) Name cell that interact with:A :B :

c) Give three (3) cell where this molecule B can be found?

STATION 9

ANSWER

a) A-Major histocompatibility complex class I(HLA)B-Major histocompatibility complex class II

b) A- CD+ 8 T cellB- CD+ 4 T cell

c) - Dendritic cell- Antigen presenting cell (APC)- Macrophages- B cell

AB

Diagram A and B show an organism that can cause disease in human.

a) Give stage of organism based on diagramA:B:

b) Name the organism?

c) Give two (2) characteristic of this organism based on A?

STATION 10

ANSWER

a) A : TrophozoiteB : Cyst

b) Giardia lamblia (in handwriting, you must underline the words & the first letter of second word is in small case, eg: Giardia lamblia

c) - pear or tear drop shape- bilaterally symmetrical- containing 2 nuclei- 4 pairs of flagellae

AA

B

C

STATION 11

Based on the diagram.

a) Name the structure above:

b) Label the structureA-B-C-

c) What structure form C:

STATION 11

ANSWER

a) Circle of Willis (circulus arteriosus)

b) A- middle cerebral arteryB- posterior communicating arteryC- basilar artery

c) Right and left vertebral arteries

A B C

Z

1)Name A,B and C

2)What is Z

3)Calculate the Heart rate from the given electrocardiograph (ECG).

STATION 12

Answer:

1) A- P wave B- T wave C- QRS complex

2) Z- R-R interval

3) HR = 1500/Small boxes @ 300/Big boxes = 1500/20 = 75 beats/mins

a b

c

d

e

f

xSTATION 13

Based on the diagram

a) Label a- f

b) Name the structure marked the area X

c) Give the structure opens into medial wall of 2nd part of duodenum

STATION 13

ANSWER

a) a-First part of duodenum b- Pylorus c- Inner circular muscle layer d- Second part of duodenum / descending duodenum e- Outer longitudinal muscle layer f- Third part of duodenum / horizontal duodenum

b) Pyloric sphincter

c) Common bile duct and main pancreatic duct unite to form ampulla of Vater that opens as major duodenal papilla

Diagram shows a reflex arc

a) Name the structure labelled A, B, C and D.b) State the motor neuron of D.c) State the stimulus for reflex.

A

D

B

C

STATION 14

ANSWER

a)A: 1a afferent neuron

B: Extrafusal muscle (Quadratus femoris muscle)

C: Alpha motor neuron

D: Muscle spindle

b) Gamma efferent neuron

c) Stretching of muscle

Blood cell indices Amount

Haemoglobin 6.3 g/dl

Amount of RBC 1.88 X 1012/liter

Pack cell volume 0.19/L

Calculate the value of MCV,MCH and MCHC base on this result.

a) MCV (3 Mark)

b) MCH (3 Mark)

c) MCHC (3 Mark)

STATION 15

ANSWER

Haemoglobin (Hb) = 6.3 g/dlAmount of RBC = 1.88 X 1012/literPack cell volume = 0.19/L

MCV = PCV / RBC= (0.19 / 1.88 X 1012) l= (0.101 X 10-12) l= 101 fl (fl – unit SI)

MCH = Hb / RBC= (6.3 X 10 / 1.88 X 1012) g= (3.351 X 10-11) g= 33.51 pg (pg-unit SI)

MCHC = Hb / PCV= (6.3 / 0.19) g/dl= 33.15 g/dl (g/dl- unit SI)

Slide A (thymus) and B (pancreas) shows slide of the organ in human.

a) Gives two (2) characteristic of slide A and B?

b) Name the organ where slide A can be found?

c) What are the function of organ B?

STATION 16

ANSWER

a) A : -surrounded by capsule -connective tissue septae divide parenchyma of thymus into incomplete lobules -each lobule contains a cortex and medulla B : -Leaf like lobules

- has a circular-like structure

b) Thymus

c) Secretion of hormone insulin (β-cells) and glucagon (α-cells) Production of pancreatic juice

Spermatogonium

Primary spermatocyte

Secondary spermatocyte

X

Sperm

Y

You are provided a diagram of a process.

i) Name the process represented by the diagram

ii) Name the stage labeled Xiii) Name process that occur at Yiv) State 2 changes that occur during Y

STATION 17

i) spermatogenesis ii) spermatid iii) spermiogenesis iv) - formation of acrosome - condensation of nucleus - formation of head, neck and tail - shedding of most of the cytoplasm

1.WHAT IS THE DISEASE OF THIS CHILDREN?

2.STATE THE DEFICIENCY OCCUR TO THIS CHILDREN

3.GIVE 2 FEATURES OF THIS CHILD

Question based on the picture below.

STATION 18

ANSWER

a) Kwashiorkor

b) Protein

• Bloating stomach• Long and very thin of arm and leg• Moon face• Hair changes• Growth retardation

A

B

C

D

i) Identify structures labeled A, B, C & D

ii) Name 2 structures that pass through A iii) Name 2 structures that pass through D

iv) State the motor supply of diaphragm

STATION 19

i) Identify structures labeled A, B, C & DA- Vena caval opening

B- Medial arcuate ligament C- Central tendon of diaphragm D- Esophageal hiatus

ii) Name 2 structures that pass through A - inferior vena cava - terminal branch of rt. phrenic nerve

iii) Name 2 structures that pass through D-esophagus

-anterior and posterior vagal trunks -esophageal branches of left gastric vessels

iv) State the motor supply of diaphragmphrenic nerve

STATION 20

Diagram show one (1) medium for cultureof organism.

a)Name the medium on the diagram?

b)What is possible organism culture on this medium?

c) Give one (1) comment about the reaction of organism with medium?

STATION 20

ANSWER

a)Mac Conkey agar

b)Escherichia coli

c) Lactose fermenter

The pictures below featuring two types of chart, chart A and chart B.

a)Name both of the chart,chart A and chart B

b)What is the number shown in chart B?

c)What is the function of chart A and chart B?

Chart A Chart B

STATION 21

a) A- Snellen chart B- Ishihara chart

b) 29

c) A-to measure visual acuity B-test for colour blindness

Terms:IVC: inferior vena cavaSVC: superior vena cavaRA: right atriumLA: left atriumRV: right ventricleLV: left ventriclePT: pulmonary trunk

xY

a)Name X and Y?

b) Name the structure form by X after birth?

c) The blood flow from RA to LA through Z. What is Z?

zSTATION 22

a)X=DUCTUS ARTERIOUSUS(No Y-technical error in setting question)

b) LIGAMENTUM ARTERIOSUM

c) FORAMEN OVALE

4-5 drops of Biuret reagent are added to test tube A and B. Below are the result for the test:

i) State the aim of the Biuret test.ii) Interpret the result for the test tube A and B.iii) State the reason of the result for test tube B.

Test tube Result

A Solution change to violet colour

B No change in colour

STATION 23

i)detection of protein and peptides (>2 peptide bonds) in given solution

ii) A- protein presence B- no protein presence (only contain amino acids and dipeptides)

iii) Amino acids and dipeptides have less than 2 peptide bonds. Alkaline copper sulphate reacts with compounds containing two or more peptide bonds to give a violet coloured complex.

Pelvic bone

a)What is the structure labelled A and B

b)Name the ligament that connect between structure A and B

c) Give 1 example of structure that has same type of joint with structure B

d)Give 2 differences between male and female pelvic bone

STATION 24

a) What is the structure labelled A and BA: ASISB: Pubic tubercle

b) Name the ligament that connect between structure A and Binguinal ligament

c) Give 1 example of structure that has same type of joint with structure C1. between the vertebral bodies(united by the intervertebral disc)2. manubriosternal joint3. between the right and left halves of the mandible(mandibular symphysis)

d) Give 2 differences between male and female pelvic bone

A

B

D

C

E

i) Identify structures label A, B, C, D and E.

ii) What is the hormone produced by E.

iii) State 3 functions of substance contain in A

2)

STATION 25

i) A- Amniotic cavity B- Exocoelomic cavity C- Hypoblast D- Epiblast E- Syncytiotrophoblast ii) hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) – stimulates corpus luteum to produce progestrone iii) Amniotic fluid Function- protective cushion for suspended embryo

absorb jolts - prevent adherence of embryo to amnion - allow fetal movement

A

BC

4.2

STATION 26

1) Label structure A,B and C

2) Give two (2) functions of structure A

3)Give function of protein 4.2

Questions are based on the diagram given.

STATION 26

1) Label structure A,B and C

A-band 3 proteinB-spectrinC-actin

2) Give two (2) functions of structure A

1- Its primary function is to facilitate anion transport via the red cell membrane. 2- It is an important binding site for cytoskeletal and other red cell proteins.

3)Give function of protein 4.2-Protein 4.2 enhances interaction between ankyrin and spectrin to band 3 protein

Action Potential Graph of specific cell is given

a) Name the type of cell for that generate action potential graph A and B?

b) Draw a line to indicate Absolute Refractory period on Graph B?

c) Regarding to the cells that generate it, give 2 differences between Graph A and B?

A B

STATION 27

A B

ANSWER

a) Name the type of cell for that generate action potential graph A: Skeletal muscle cellsB: Cardiac muscle cells

b) Draw a line to indicate Absolute Refractory period on Graph B.

c) Regarding the cells that generate it, give 2 differences between Graph A and B.

Skeletal muscle

Cardiac muscle

Refractory period

Shorter Longer

Summation Can be summated

No summation

Depolarisation duration

Longer Shorter

Presence plateau phase

Absent Present

A

B

C

D

E 1.Name the blood vessels with the label A,B,C and D

2. Blood vessel labels with E has 3 branches. Name the branches.

3. Vessel B frequently gives rise to left conus artery which supply X. What is X?

STATION 28

1. A : right coronary artery B : anterior interventricular arteryC : diagonal arteryD : left coronary artery

2. E is aortic arch. 3 branches is : i. Right brachiocephalic trunk ( right common carotid artery & right subclavian artery )ii. Left common carotid arteryiii. Left subclavian artery

3. X : Infundibulum or conus arteriosus

AB

C

E

D

STATION 29

This question based on the picture given

a) Name the labelled structure.

b) Name the functional unit of contraction in skeletal muscle.

c) Define isometric contraction in muscle.

STATION 29

(1) Name the labelled structure A: A Band B : H Zone C : M Line D : Z Line E : Thin Filament

(2) Name the functional unit of contraction in skeletal muscle

Sarcomere

(3) Define isometric contraction in muscle The muscle develops tension but does not shorten /

lengthen.

Active StationWhat must you do?

• Greet the doctor.• Tell him/her your matric no.• Ask for permission from doctor to start your task.• Start your task:• Access danger.• Check consciousness of victim.• Ask for help.Do whatever you need to do. Remember ABC(A-airway, B-breathing, C-circulation)

•P/S: if the victim is at roadside, you need to move him to a safe place first before doing anything. (Of course you must access danger first!)

Scenario 1:

If the victim is unconscious & is bleeding at his thigh, what must you do first?

Do CPR first!!!

Patent the airway first (by head tilt chin lift postion).Check for carotid pulse & breathing. (If no pulse/breathing, do 2 mouth-to-mouth resusitation, followed by 30 chest compression)*Count out loud when you’re compressing chest!

When do you stop CPR? (Doctor most probably will ask this!)After 5 cycles of resusitation/you’re tired/ambulance or paramedics have arrived/victim recovers from unconsciousness.

Where to check for carotid pulse?2 cm lateral to thyroid prominence (Adam’s apple)For how long?10 seconds

Only then you try to stop the bleeding(bandage).

Good luck in your PRO 1!