trials of in situ bioremediation on the beach of sorrizo (spain)
DESCRIPTION
TRIALS OF IN SITU BIOREMEDIATION ON THE BEACH OF SORRIZO (SPAIN). P. Fernández-Álvarez , J.M. Garrido and J.M. Lema Department of Chemical Engineering Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain). J. Vila and M. Grifoll Department of Microbiology Universitat de Barcelona (Spain). - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
TRIALS OF IN SITU BIOREMEDIATION ON THE
BEACH OF SORRIZO (SPAIN)
P. Fernández-Álvarez, J.M. Garrido and J.M. Lema
Department of Chemical Engineering
Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain)
VERTIMAR 2005Vigo, July 14th 2005
J. Vila and M. Grifoll
Department of Microbiology
Universitat de Barcelona (Spain)
1. OBJECTIVE
2. INTRODUCTION
3. MATERIALS AND METHODS
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
5. CONCLUSIONS
Vigo, July 14th 2005VERTIMAR 2005
Paula Fernández ÁlvarezUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain)
Vigo, July 14th 2005VERTIMAR 2005
Paula Fernández ÁlvarezUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain)
Trials of in situ bioremediation on the beach of Sorrizo (Spain) 1. OBJECTIVE
Who: Department of Chemical Engineering of the University of
Santiago de Compostela (Spain). Department of Microbiology of the University of Barcelona
(Spain). When:
From April 2003 on. Where:
Beach of Sorrizo (A Coruña, NW Spain).
The assessment of the efficiency of several bioremediation strategies on a beach
seriously affected by the oil spill of the Prestige.
Field experiments with several bioremediation agents following the Prestige accident 1. INTRODUCTION
Shoreline clean-up
Vigo, July 14th 2005VERTIMAR 2005
Paula Fernández ÁlvarezUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain)
Trials of in situ bioremediation on the beach of Sorrizo (Spain) 2. INTRODUCTION
SANDY BEACHES Manual recovery. Specialist beach
cleaning machinery
ROCKY SHORES Manual recovery. Low/high pressure
flushing.
These techniques are frequently expensive and
aggresive to the fauna and flora.
Field experiments with several bioremediation agents following the Prestige accident 1. INTRODUCTION
Definition: Act of adding materials to contaminated
environments to cause an acceleration of the natural
biodegradation processes.
Approaches:
Bioaugmentation: oil-degrading bacteria are added to
supplement the existing microbial population.
Biostimulation: the growth of indigenous oil degraders is
stimulated by the addition of nutrients.
Requirements:
Establish and maintain conditions that favour enhanced
oil biodegradation rates.
A large percentage of oil components are readily
biodegradable.Vigo, July 14th 2005VERTIMAR 2005
Paula Fernández ÁlvarezUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain)
Trials of in situ bioremediation on the beach of Sorrizo (Spain) 2. INTRODUCTION
Bioremediation
Composition of the fuel of the Prestige
Vigo, July 14th 2005VERTIMAR 2005
Paula Fernández ÁlvarezUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain)
Trials of in situ bioremediation on the beach of Sorrizo (Spain) 2. INTRODUCTION
Saturates23%
Aromatics53%
Resins13%
Asphaltenes11%
Field experiments with several bioremediation agents following the Prestige accident 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS
The experimental site: the beach of Sorrizo
SPAIN
GALICIA
Arteixo
Galicia
Beach of Sorrizo
Beach of Sorrizo (Arteixo, A Coruña, NW Spain)
43º18’N, 8º34’ WVigo, July 14th 2005VERTIMAR 2005
Paula Fernández ÁlvarezUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain)
Trials of in situ bioremediation on the beach of Sorrizo (Spain) 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS
Field experiments with several bioremediation agents following the Prestige accident 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS
The experimental site: the beach of Sorrizo
Vigo, July 14th 2005VERTIMAR 2005
Paula Fernández ÁlvarezUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain)
Trials of in situ bioremediation on the beach of Sorrizo (Spain) 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS
Field experiments with several bioremediation agents following the Prestige accident 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS
Nitrophoska Supreme (NPK): commercial nutrients formulation (Compo, Germany; 20% N, 5% P205).
B350: commercial bioaugmentation product (Bio-systems, USA).
L1800: commercial bioaugmentation product with biodegradable surfactants (Bio-systems Co, USA).
Autochthonous culture (UB): obtained by enrichment of fuel-degrading populations from a beach affected by the oil spill of the Prestige. Developed by the Department of Microbiology of the University of Barcelona (Spain).
Assessed products
The applications took place between April and October 2003, after a preliminary clean-up of the beach.
Vigo, July 14th 2005VERTIMAR 2005
Paula Fernández ÁlvarezUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain)
Trials of in situ bioremediation on the beach of Sorrizo (Spain) 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS
Field experiments with several bioremediation agents following the Prestige accident 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS
Assessed products
Zone
Treatment
1 Nitrophoska
2 Blank
3 B350
4 B350 + L1800
5Autochtonous culture
6 Blank
The beach was divided into six sections that were treated with the different products.
Vigo, July 14th 2005VERTIMAR 2005
Paula Fernández ÁlvarezUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain)
Trials of in situ bioremediation on the beach of Sorrizo (Spain) 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS
Field experiments with several bioremediation agents following the Prestige accident 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS
Experiments with granite tiles
Experiments with granite tiles were performed to minimize the heterogeneity of the environmental
samples.
Vigo, July 14th 2005VERTIMAR 2005
Paula Fernández ÁlvarezUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain)
Trials of in situ bioremediation on the beach of Sorrizo (Spain) 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS
Field experiments with several bioremediation agents following the Prestige accident 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS
Experiments with granite tiles
The bioremediation
agents were applied with the same frequency and doses used
on the beach
Supra-littoral tiles
NPKBlankB350L1800UB
Vigo, July 14th 2005VERTIMAR 2005
Paula Fernández ÁlvarezUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain)
Trials of in situ bioremediation on the beach of Sorrizo (Spain) 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS
Field experiments with several bioremediation agents following the Prestige accident 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS
Experiments with granite tiles
Vigo, July 14th 2005VERTIMAR 2005
Paula Fernández ÁlvarezUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain)
Trials of in situ bioremediation on the beach of Sorrizo (Spain) 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS
B350
UB
B350 UB
Intertidal tiles
Field experiments with several bioremediation agents following the Prestige accident 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS
Monitoring of the beach
Vigo, July 14th 2005VERTIMAR 2005
Paula Fernández ÁlvarezUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain)
Trials of in situ bioremediation on the beach of Sorrizo (Spain) 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS
Seawater and interstitial water: Nutrients Hydrocarbon-degrading
populations PAH
Sand: Residual oil PAH Percentages of
degradation
Rocks: Percentages of
degradation
Granite tiles: Percentages of
degradation Oxygen monitoring
Field experiments with several bioremediation agents following the Prestige accident 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Level of nutrients
Ammonia
0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.01.11.21.3
14/0
5/20
03
14/0
6/20
03
14/0
7/20
03
14/0
8/20
03
14/0
9/20
03
14/1
0/20
03
14/1
1/20
03
14/1
2/20
03
14/0
1/20
04
14/0
2/20
04
14/0
3/20
04
14/0
4/20
04
14/0
5/20
04
14/0
6/20
04
14/0
7/20
04
14/0
8/20
04
14/0
9/20
04
Co
nc
en
tra
tio
n (
pp
m N
-NH 4
) Zone 1
Zone 2
Zone 3
Zone 4
Zone 5
Zone 6
Seaw ater
Freshw ater
Applications
Vigo, July 14th 2005VERTIMAR 2005
Paula Fernández ÁlvarezUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain)
Trials of in situ bioremediation on the beach of Sorrizo (Spain) 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Field experiments with several bioremediation agents following the Prestige accident 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Level of nutrients
Nitrate
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
14/0
5/20
03
14/0
6/20
03
14/0
7/20
03
14/0
8/20
03
14/0
9/20
03
14/1
0/20
03
14/1
1/20
03
14/1
2/20
03
14/0
1/20
04
14/0
2/20
04
14/0
3/20
04
14/0
4/20
04
14/0
5/20
04
14/0
6/20
04
14/0
7/20
04
14/0
8/20
04
14/0
9/20
04
Co
nc
en
tra
tio
n (
pp
m N
-NO 3
)
Zone 1
Zone 2
Zone 3
Zone 4
Zone 5
Zone 6
Seaw ater
Freshw ater
Applications
Vigo, July 14th 2005VERTIMAR 2005
Paula Fernández ÁlvarezUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain)
Trials of in situ bioremediation on the beach of Sorrizo (Spain) 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Field experiments with several bioremediation agents following the Prestige accident 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Hydrocarbon-degrading populations
Alkane degraders
1.0E+02
1.0E+03
1.0E+04
1.0E+05
1.0E+06
1.0E+07
14/0
4/20
03
28/0
4/20
03
12/0
5/20
03
26/0
5/20
03
09/0
6/20
03
23/0
6/20
03
07/0
7/20
03
21/0
7/20
03
04/0
8/20
03
18/0
8/20
03
01/0
9/20
03
15/0
9/20
03
29/0
9/20
03
MP
N/m
L
Zone 1
Zone 2
Zone 3
Zone 4
Zone 5
Zone 6
Seaw ater
Freshw ater
Vigo, July 14th 2005VERTIMAR 2005
Paula Fernández ÁlvarezUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain)
Trials of in situ bioremediation on the beach of Sorrizo (Spain) 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
10-40%
Field experiments with several bioremediation agents following the Prestige accident 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Hydrocarbon-degrading populations
Zone 1
Zone 2
Zone 3
Zone 4
Zone 5
Zone 6
Seaw ater
Freshw ater
PAH degraders
1.0E+01
1.0E+02
1.0E+03
1.0E+04
1.0E+05
1.0E+06
14/0
4/20
03
28/0
4/20
03
12/0
5/20
03
26/0
5/20
03
09/0
6/20
03
23/0
6/20
03
07/0
7/20
03
21/0
7/20
03
04/0
8/20
03
18/0
8/20
03
01/0
9/20
03
15/0
9/20
03
29/0
9/20
03
MP
N/m
L
Vigo, July 14th 2005VERTIMAR 2005
Paula Fernández ÁlvarezUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain)
Trials of in situ bioremediation on the beach of Sorrizo (Spain) 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
5-20%
Field experiments with several bioremediation agents following the Prestige accident 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Vigo, July 14th 2005VERTIMAR 2005
Paula Fernández ÁlvarezUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain)
Trials of in situ bioremediation on the beach of Sorrizo (Spain) 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
DateConcentration of PAH (g/L)
SeawaterZone
1Zone
2Zone
3Zone
4Zone
5
14/04/03 0.107 - 0.041 0.055 7.149 -
30/04/03 0.161 0.049 0.127 2.054 3.426 0.15
28/05/03 0.048 0.287 0.04 0.105 0.737 0.33
18/06/03 0.162 0.214 0.328 0.262 1.35 0.323
21/07/03 0.085 0.075 0.103 0.202 0.45 0.072
25/08/03 0 0 0 0.04 0.015 0
24/09/03 0 0 0 0.07 0.015 0
24/10/03 0 0 0 0.031 0.055 0
10/12/03 0 0 0 0 0 0
12/02/04 0 0 0 0 0 0
Field experiments with several bioremediation agents following the Prestige accident 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Concentration of residual oil in sand
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
apr-0
3
may
-03
jun-0
3
aug-
03
oct-0
3
dec-0
3
feb-
04
may
-04
sep-
04
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n o
f o
il (
g/k
g o
f d
ry s
and
)
Zone 1
Zone 2
Zone 3
Zone 4
Zone 5
Zone 6
Vigo, July 14th 2005VERTIMAR 2005
Paula Fernández ÁlvarezUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain)
Trials of in situ bioremediation on the beach of Sorrizo (Spain) 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Field experiments with several bioremediation agents following the Prestige accident 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Concentration of PAH in sand
Vigo, July 14th 2005VERTIMAR 2005
Paula Fernández ÁlvarezUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain)
Trials of in situ bioremediation on the beach of Sorrizo (Spain) 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
3,0
3,5
apr-0
3
may
-03
jun-0
3
aug-
03
oct-0
3
dec-
03
feb-
04
may
-04
Co
nce
ntr
atio
n o
f P
AH
(m
g/k
g o
f d
ry s
and
)
Zone 1
Zone 2
Zone 3
Zone 4
Zone 5
Zone 6
Aromatics
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Deg
rad
atio
n e
xten
t (%
)
apr-03 jun-03 aug-03 oct-03 feb-04 sep-04
Field experiments with several bioremediation agents following the Prestige accident 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Degradation in sand
Vigo, July 14th 2005VERTIMAR 2005
Paula Fernández ÁlvarezUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain)
Trials of in situ bioremediation on the beach of Sorrizo (Spain) 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Saturates
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Deg
rad
atio
n e
xten
t (%
)
apr-03 jun-03 aug-03 oct-03 feb-04 sep-04
Field experiments with several bioremediation agents following the Prestige accident 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Degradation in rocksAromatics
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
jun-
03ju
l-03
sep-
03
dec-
03
feb-
04
apr-0
4
sep-
04D
egra
dat
ion
ext
ent
(%)
Saturates
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
jun-
03
jul-0
3
sep-
03
dec-
03
feb-
04
apr-0
4
sep-
04
Deg
rad
atio
n e
xten
t (%
)
Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3Zone 4 Zone 5 Zone 6
Vigo, July 14th 2005VERTIMAR 2005
Paula Fernández ÁlvarezUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain)
Trials of in situ bioremediation on the beach of Sorrizo (Spain) 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Supra-littoral tiles
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Deg
rad
atio
n e
xten
t (%
)
15 d 30 d 60 d 120 d 240 d
Intertidal tiles
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210
Time (days)
Deg
rad
ació
n e
xten
t (%
)
Vigo, July 14th 2005VERTIMAR 2005
Paula Fernández ÁlvarezUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain)
Trials of in situ bioremediation on the beach of Sorrizo (Spain) 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Degradation of aromatics in tiles
0
1 0 0
0 3 0 6 0 9 0 1 2 0
Blank B350 UB
Supra-littoral tiles
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
0 60 120 180 240 300 360
Time (days)
Oxy
gen
co
nte
nt
(%)
Intertidal tiles
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0 60 120 180 240 300 360
Time (days)
Oxy
gen
co
nte
nt
(%)
Vigo, July 14th 2005VERTIMAR 2005
Paula Fernández ÁlvarezUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain)
Trials of in situ bioremediation on the beach of Sorrizo (Spain) 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Oxygen monitoring in tiles
0100
0 30 60 90 120
NPK Blank B350 L1800 UB
Field experiments with several bioremediation agents following the Prestige accident 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Persistent pollution in rocks
18 months after the oil spill the rocks were still coated
with fuel oil
Vigo, July 14th 2005VERTIMAR 2005
Paula Fernández ÁlvarezUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain)
Trials of in situ bioremediation on the beach of Sorrizo (Spain) 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Field experiments with several bioremediation agents following the Prestige accident 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Biodiesel
Sunflower oil methyl esters produced through the transesterification of
sunflower oil.
It is easily incorporated into oil and reduces its apparent viscosity, increasing the surface area of the oil and accelerating microbial degradation.
It may also induce increased microbial activity as a source of bioavailable carbon.
How it acts
It is readily biodegraded in the environment.
No long-term toxicity or damage has been documented.
It is cheap. Its spraying is a low-
cost operation.
Advantages
Vigo, July 14th 2005VERTIMAR 2005
Paula Fernández ÁlvarezUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain)
Trials of in situ bioremediation on the beach of Sorrizo (Spain) 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Field experiments with several bioremediation agents following the Prestige accident 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Biodiesel
Biodiesel-treated face
The experiments
with biodiesel started in
March 2004 on a polluted rock from the beach
Vigo, July 14th 2005VERTIMAR 2005
Paula Fernández ÁlvarezUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain)
Trials of in situ bioremediation on the beach of Sorrizo (Spain) 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Field experiments with several bioremediation agents following the Prestige accident 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Biodiesel0 days
150 days
80 days
Vigo, July 14th 2005VERTIMAR 2005
Paula Fernández ÁlvarezUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain)
Trials of in situ bioremediation on the beach of Sorrizo (Spain) 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
470 days
Field experiments with several bioremediation agents following the Prestige accident 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Biodiesel
DateSaturates
(%)Aromatics
(%)Polars
(%)
Before the application
Mar-04
9.7 34.3 56.0
Non-treated face Sep-04 11.1 32.6 56.3
Biodiesel-treated face
Sep-04 9.3 24.1 66.6
It did not only acted as a cleaning agent but also as a
BIOREMEDIATION agent
Vigo, July 14th 2005VERTIMAR 2005
Paula Fernández ÁlvarezUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain)
Trials of in situ bioremediation on the beach of Sorrizo (Spain) 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Percentages of the fractions of the oil from the rock
Field experiments with several bioremediation agents following the Prestige accident 5. CONCLUSIONS
Vigo, July 14th 2005VERTIMAR 2005
Paula Fernández ÁlvarezUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain)
Trials of in situ bioremediation on the beach of Sorrizo (Spain) 5. CONCLUSIONS
The environmental parameters were appropriate for
biodegradation processes (nutrients,
microorganisms).
None of the products enhanced the biodegradation
rates in sand and rocks with regard to natural
attenuation.
It seemed that photooxidation significantly influenced
the degradation processes in the rocky substrate.
The application of the oleophilic agent biodiesel
improved the appearance of polluted rocks and
seemed to accelerate the biodegradation processes.
Field experiments with several bioremediation agents following the Prestige accident 5. CONCLUSIONS
Vigo, July 14th 2005VERTIMAR 2005
Paula Fernández ÁlvarezUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain)
Trials of in situ bioremediation on the beach of Sorrizo (Spain) ACKNOWLEGMENTS
“FUNDACIÓN ARAO” (ARAO FOUNDATION) FOR THE FUNDS PROVIDED TO DO THIS RESEARCH
AUTHORS WISH TO THANK:
Field experiments with several bioremediation agents following the Prestige accident 5. CONCLUSIONS
Vigo, July 14th 2005VERTIMAR 2005
Paula Fernández ÁlvarezUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela (Spain)
TRIALS OF IN SITU BIOREMEDIATION ON THE
BEACH OF SORRIZO (SPAIN)
THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION AND…
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